/ 


uo.naxed  by  the 

41EECANT1LE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION" 

MiiW  YORK  CITY 


COLLECTIONS 


PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL 


|ist0rical  ^atui^. 


VOLUME    II. 


NEW     YORK: 

STANFORD    AND    SWORDS. 

1853. 


THE 


FRONTIER   MISSIONARY: 

A     MEMOIR 


or  THE  LIFE  or  THE 


REV.  JACOB  BAILEY,  A.M. 


MI88I0NAET  AT 


POWNALBOROUGH,  MAINE,  CORNWALLIS  AND  ANNAPOLIS,  N.  S. ; 


Illustrations,  Srfts,  anJr  u  ^penfe ; 


WILLIAM  S.  BARTLET,  A.  M., 

Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the 
Maine  Illatorlcal  Society. 


WITH  A  PREFACE 


RIGHT  REV.  GEORGE  BURGESS,  D.  D., 
Bishop  of  tho  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  In  the  Diocese  of  Maine. 


NEW    YORK: 

STANFORD    AND    SWORDS. 

1853. 


Entered  accordliiK  to  Act  of  ContrrcM,  In  the  year  1853,  by 

WILLIAM  S.  IIAKTLKT, 

In  the  Clerk'*  Office  of  the  DLitrlct  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachasctta. 


WniTC    A5D    rOTTCB, 

Trlaten,  No-  4  Hptiag  Lane,  Uoston. 


REV.   FRANCIS   L.  HAWKS,   D.  D.  LL.  D., 

IIISTOKIOGRAPHER 

OF   THE 

PROTESTANT    EPISCOPAL    CHURCH 

IN   THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AilERICA, 
THIS    VOLUME, 

BEING    A    CONTKIBUTION    TO     THAT 

DEPAKTMENT   OF   LITERATUKE 

WHICH  HE  HAS  SO   SUCCESSFULLY  CULTIVATED, 

IS, 

BY  PERMISSION, 

EESPECTFULLY  DEDICATED, 

BY     HIS     OBEDIENT     SERVANT 

AND  BROTHER   IN  THE   GOSPEL, 

WILLIAM  S.   BARTLET. 

AUGUST,  HDCCCLIU. 


6ffitus  of  tjje  Sorietg. 


The  Rt  Rev.  T.  C.  BROWNELL,  D.  D.  LL.  D. 
The  Rev.  FRANCIS  L.  HAWKS,  D.  D.  LL.  D. 

|nrftart[. 

The  Rev.  B.  FRANKLIN. 

€xmmx, 

FREDERICK  S.  WINSTON,  Esq.,  60  Cedar  Street,  New  York. 


The  Rev.  WM.  BACON  STEVENS,  D.  D.,  Penn. 

«       «     PHILIP  SLAUGHTER,  Virginia. 

«       "     A.  B.  PATERSON,  N.  Jersey. 

"       «     J.  H.  IIOBART,  N.  York. 

"       "     W.  I.  KIP,  D.  D.,  N.  York. 

"       "     T.  W.  COIT,  D.  D.,  Conn. 

«       «     T.  C.  PITKIN,  Conn. 

Mr.  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  Md. 

"  SAMUEL  H.  HUNTINGDON,  Conn. 

"  ROBERT  BOLTON,  Jr.,  N.  Y. 

«  G.  M.  WHARTON,  Penn. 

♦'  E.  A.  NEWTON,  Mass. 

"  G.  L.  DUYCKINCK,  N.  Y. 


LIST    OF    OKKICERS. 


(Tnrrrspniiiiiiig  B^lnuhrrs. 

Hon.  K.  II.  c;aki)I.m:k,  (Jardiiicr,  Maine. 

Rev.  Ciuui.r.s  Ik  iinm cms,  1).  D.,  Portsmouth,  N.  II. 

"     JoKi.  Ci.Ai'i-,  1).  I).,  Ik-llows  Falls,  Vt. 

"     J.  A.  Hicks,  1).  D.,  Kutiand. 

'•     Sami'kl  B.  Bahcock,  Dedliam,  Mass. 

•'     Wii.i.iAM  S.  Bahtlkt,  Cliclsca,  Mass. 

"     .1.  II.  Kamkh,  I'ruvidL-ncc,  R.  I. 

'*     N.  S.  RiciiAUDso.N,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

"     Ai.Kiu.i>  Stibbs,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

"     S.  (.'.  Bkincki.e,  New  Castle,  Del. 

»     W.  I).  WiLSo.N,  D.  D.,  Cencva,  W.  N.  Y. 

"     F.  H.  Cuming,  (imnd  Rupids,  Mich. 

''     (".  \V.  FiT<  M,  Pi<|un,  Ohio. 

"     J.  M.  .MooKK,  Madison,  111. 

"     Samikl  Chase,  D.  1).,  Robin's  Nest,  III. 

••     Bk.>j.  Akerly,  Milwaukie,  Wis. 

"    S.  Davis,  Green  Bay,  Wis. 

"     Alkred  LounERnACK,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

"     E.  Ci.  Gear,  Fort  Hnellinfj,  Minn. 

"     F.  .T.  Clerc,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

"     William  Vaux,  Fort  Laramie. 

"     J.  N.  NoRTo.N,  Frankfort,  Ky. 

"     Charles  Tomes,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

«    W.  C.  Stout,  Fayctteville,  Ark. 

*'     Charles  Gillette,  Houston,  Texas. 
Mr.  George  S.  Yerger,  Vicksburg',  Miss. 
Col.  Isaac  Croom,  Greensborougli,  Ala. 
Rev.  C.  Ha.mkel,  1).  D.,  Charleston,  S.  C.  t 

"     ('.Wallace,  " 

"    T.  J.  You.Nu,  "  " 

"    J.  A.  SuEPi'ARi),  Scuppcruong,  N.  0. 

The  Corresponding  .Mcnibcrs  are  agents  of  tlic  Protestant  Episcopal  llietori 
Society  in  their  several  dioceses.  Where  no  Corresponding  Member  is  elect 
the  member  or  members  of  the  Kxecutive  Committee  in  lliat  diocese  perfoi 
the  duties. 

Direct  Church  papers,  donations  of  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts,  etc. 
the  Ri'V.  Be.ij.  Fba.nkli."*,  Phi1adel|)hia.  Subscriptions  and  moneys,  to  F. 
WiN9To.>,  Es*!-,  Treasurer,  GO  Cedar  Street,  N.  Y. 


NOTICE. 


In  issuing  the  second  volume  of  the  Collections  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Historical  Society,  the  Executive  Committee  have,  to  state,  that  the  delay  in 
its  publication  has  arisen  solely  from  the  want  of  promptness  on  the  part  of 
the  members  of  the  Society  in  remitting  their  annual  dues.  Their  attention 
was  called  to  the  subject  in  the  spring  of  1852,  by  means  of  a  circular  issued 
by  the  Committee,  and  sent,  post  paid,  to  every  member  of  the  Society,  and 
also  to  every  clergyman  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States.  To  this  appeal, 
scarcely  any  response  was  made,  and  it  was  only  by  the  employment  of  agents 
to  solicit  new,  and  collect  old,  subscriptions,  that  a  sum  was  obtained  sufficient 
to  defray  the  expense  of  the  publication  of  the  present  volume. 

The  Committee  are  indebted  for  the  portrait  of  Silvester  Gardiner,  M.  D,,  to 
his  descendant,  Hon.  Robert  H.  Gardiner,  the  engraving  having  been  exe- 
cuted at  his  expense,  and  liberally  placed  at  the  disposal  of  tlie  Society.  The 
portrait  of  Bishop  Bass  is  from  a  plate  engraved  some  years  ago,  for  the  Ever- 
green Monthly  Magazine.  The  Committee  have  also  to  express  their  obliga- 
tions to  the  author  of  the  work,  not  only  for  the  free  use  of  his  manuscript,  and 
his  exertions  in  procuring  the  portraits  and  other  illustrations  to  the  volume, 
but  also  for  his  active  aid  in  increasing  the  number  of  tlie  Society's  members. 

JVejo  York,  Augmt,  1853. 


PREFACE. 


The  man  whose  biography  forms  the  main  thread  of  tliis 
volume,  can  scarcely  be  said,  to  have  been  eminent  in  his 
generation.  But  both  his  character  and  his  career  were 
somewhat  remarkable :  he  lived  in  eventful  days ;  and 
he  left  behind  him  a  sinij^ular  abundance  of  tliose  manu- 
script  memorials,  which  bring  the  manners  and  the  men 
of  any  period  so  Adsibly  before  the  eyes  of  posterity. 

These  materials  came  to  the  hands  of  one  with  whom 
to  examine,  to  study,  to  arrange,  to  digest  them  with 
scrupulous  accuracy  and  indefatigable  attention,  was  a 
labor  of  love.  The  pages  of  the  book  itself  will  suffi- 
ciently declare  how  faithfully  every  minute  pearl  of  his- 
torical fact,  whether  more  or  less  precious,  has  been 
brought  to  the  light  of  day.  They  cannot  disclose,  how- 
ever, what  I  can  testify,  —  the  vast  extent,  various  con- 
tents, and  discouraging  aspect  of  that  sea  of  documents, 
out  of  which  these  facts  have  been  rescued. 

It  is  difficult  for  one  who  has  followed  this  frontier 
missionary,  both  along  tlic  banks  of  his  own  rivers,  and 
through  the  autograph  record  of  his  struggles,  to  judge 
how  far  others  may  possibly  be  interested  in  such  a  tale, 
transferred  to  other   scenes,   and  to  the   printed   page. 


XU  PREFACE. 

Thon^  iiiiist  be  many,  however,  who  will  find  an  attrac- 
tion in  these  simple  glimpses  of  New  I'ngland  life,  as  it 
was  a  century  aj^'o ;  these  college  associations  of  a  Har- 
vard student,  ^^h()S(>  ])()V('rty  placed  him  at  the  foot  of  a 
class  which  had  a  "NVentworth  at  its  head,  and  John 
Adams  amongst  its  members ;  this  experience  of  the 
schoidmastcr,  who  exchanges  liis  ruritaii  liome  for  the 
rude  interior  of  a  man-of-war,  and  thence  emerges  into 
all  the  bustle  of  London,  to  talk  with  Franklin,  and 
receive  the  speechless  blessing  of  the  dying  Sherlock  ; 
these  walks  of  the  lonely  missionary  through  the  woods, 
and  these  journeys  Ity  water,  short,  ])ut  toilsome,  in  his 
pastoral  vocation  ;  these  i)atient  ministrations  amongst 
his  humble  flock,  interspersed  with  the  recreations  of  a 
favorite  garden  and  an  ever-ready  pen ;  these  overshad- 
owing skirts  of  the  national  tempest,  reaching  even  to 
him,  while  the  expedition  of  Benedict  Arnold,  on  its 
slow  way  to\\ards  (hicbec,  through  the  wilderness,  thins 
his  little  congregation  as  it  passes  by;  these  trials  of  the 
exiles  who,  honestly  hostile  to  change,  and  knowing  not 
how  to  be  silent,  leav(^  their  home  to  be  overgrown  with 
weeds,  and  their  house  of  jirayer  to  fall  to  the  ground, 
and  still,  after  years  of  separation,  cannot  but  cast  a  lin- 
gering look  behind.  As  a  picture  of  the  times  which 
just  preceded  the  llevolution,  this  book  must  have  its 
value,  even  for  general  history. 

To  the  history  of  Maine  it  offers  no  unimportant  con- 
tribution ;  and,  in  a  much  inferior  degree,  it  may  be  sub- 
servient to  that  of  Nova  Scotia.  Some  of  the  local  par- 
ticulars ^^llich  are  here  collected,  would  otherwise  have 
been  irrevocably  lost ;  and  they  will  entitle  the  author  to 
gmteful  remembrance  in  the  regions  m  itli  which  his  nar- 
rative is  chiefly  connected. 

This  book  will  also  take  its  place  amongst  the  author- 


PREFACE.  XUl 

ities  of  those  who,  in  a  future  day,  shall  trace  the  early 
annals  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  America.  It  was  in 
the  researches  to  which  it  led,  that  tlie  author  brought 
to  light  those  interesting  facts  detailed  in  the  journal  of 
the  colony  of  Popham,  at  Sagadahock ;  the  name  of  the 
first  minister  who  preached  the  Gospel  in  New  England, 
a  minister  of  the  English  Church;  and  the  erection  of 
the  first  house  of  worship,  a  church  or  chapel,  for  the 
performance  of  divine  service,  according  to  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer.  Through  the  delay  in  the  publication 
of  this  volume,  these  facts  have  become  somewhat  known 
already ;  but  they  might  long  have  remained  unknowai, 
if  the  manuscripts  of  Mr.  Bailey  had  fallen  into  other 
hands. 

The  post  of  Jacob  Bailey  on  the  Kennebec,  was  one 
which  was  established  and  supported  by  the  Christian 
charity  of  the  A'enerable  Society  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel ;  and  of  all  the  deeds  of  its  beneficence  which 
have  lately  been  commemorated  in  the  review  of  its  cen- 
tury and  a  half  of  growth,  few  were  kinder  than  the 
efibrt  to  supply  the  means  of  grace  to  the  poor  settlers 
of  Frankfort,  otherwise  so  friendless.  There  was  no 
encroachment  upon  sectarian  ground:  it  was  a  simple 
work  of  charity ;  and  the  time  may  come  when  even  this 
seed,  which  appeared  to  be  quite  trodden  down  in  the 
struggle  of  revolution,  will  be  seen  to  have  boiiie  its 
fruit  after  many  days. 

That  a  considerable  portion  of  the  clergy  maintained 
their  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  may  be  remembered 
with  regret,  but  not  with  shame.  There  is  no  cause  to 
blush  for  a  mistaken  conscience,  or  for  sacrifices  to  prin- 
ciples, the  highest  in  themselves,  though  erroneously 
applied.  Shoukl  a  crisis  arrive,  wlicn  the  citizen  of  one 
of  the  United  States  shall  be  compelled  to  choose  be- 


XIV  I'KKFACE. 

twecn  the  commands  of  his  onii  State  and  those  of  the 
Fwlend  j^'OMTHnKMit,  the  jxKitioii  of  those  clergymen 
mav  then  l>e  appreciated.  Many  of  tlieir  hrctlircn  were 
on  tlie  ]M)pular  side:  the  patriarchal  Hisliop  AMute  sus- 
taiiutl  tliat  side  from  settled  conviction ;  and,  knowing 
as  we  now  do,  the  great  designs  of  Providence  for  our 
It^'puhlic,  and  tlic  l)oundless  hlessings  which  its  estid)lis]i- 
melit  has  shed  altroad,  we  must  lament  tliat  good  men 
should  have  sliipwrecked  tlieir  temporal  fortunes,  and, 
for  a  time,  tlie  interests  of  tlieir  communion,  hy  their  too 
tenacious  adlierence  to  ohligiitions  which  the  national 
will  liad  dissolved.  AVe  can  read  of  the  sufferings  of 
the  lovalists  without  danger  lest  our  sympathies  should 
persuade  lis  to  forget  the  preciousness  of  our  })olitical 
heritage,  or  the  great  deeds  by  which  it  was  purchased ; 
and  this  book  will  cast  some  light  over  that  painful 
story. 

It  would  l)e  delightful  indeed,  did  the  narrative  dis- 
close, in  its  chief  subject,  the  proofs  of  a  more  exalted 
order  of  piety.  For  him  it  can  only  be  claimed  that,  in 
an  age  of  little  zeal,  and  on  a  remote  spot,  where  he  was 
quite  without  those  incitements  of  brotherly  counsel  and 
society,  to  which  we  all  owe  so  much,  he  strove  honestly 
to  fulfil  his  pastoral  duty  according  to  the  measure  of  his 
age.  His  own  i)apers  reveal  strong  prejudices;  a  rather 
unyieldiui;  temper  ;  and  some  tinge  of  eccentricity.  Ihit 
they  will  also  exhibit  a  fidelity,  a  courage,  a  sensibility 
to  kindness,  and  a  willingness  to  labor  under  discourage- 
ment and  self-denial,  wliicli  must  win  respect,  thougli 
the  example,  viewed  as  that  of  a  Christian  minister,  be, 
even  in  '""•  <'\'<.  f"-  from  faultless. 

G.  B. 

Gardiner,  Mc,  Aiujusty  1853. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 


Description  of  Rowley,  Mass.,  1,  2;  Birth  of  Jacob  Bailey,  2;  His  account  of  his 
Early  Life,  2  ;  Habits  of  his  Town's  People,  3, 4, 5  ;  His  Bashfulncss,  o  ;  Letter  to  a 
Lady,  giving  an  account  of  his  Boyhood  and  Youth,  5,  G;  His  desire  for  Knowl- 
edge, G  ;  Slender  Means,  7 ;  Interest  taken  in  him  by  the  Minister  of  the  Parish,  7 ; 
Puts  himself  under  his  instruction,  7 ;  Rev.  Jedediah  Jewett,  7. 

CHAPTER  II. 

Mr.  Bailey  enters  Harvard  College,  8 ;  His  daily  Journals,  8 ;  Every  generation  de- 
preciates itself  in  some  respects,  8 ;  Great  improvement  in  the  purity  of  New  Eng- 
land Morals  within  a  Century, !) ;  Statement  of  some  Social  Customs  in  the  last 
Centurj',  9;  A  N'cw  England  Marriage,  10;  Assistance  of  Friends  in  Boston,  11; 
Feelings  of  Discouragement,  II;  Visit  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  II;  Aid  received 
there,  12;  Visit  to  New  Castle,  12;  —  to  Kittery,  13;  Interview  with  Sir  William 
PeppercU,  13  ;  Further  aid  in  Portsmouth,  13;  Extracts  from  an  account  of  a  Jour- 
ney to  Connecticut,  11  to  27 ;  Second  Visit  to  Portsmoutli,  27 ;  Ladies  visit  Mr. 
Bailey  in  College,  28 ;  Visits  Rev.  Jonathan  Parsons,  at  Newbury,  2!! ;  Ludicrous 
Scene  in  the  Meeting-house,  28  ;  Sunday  Evening,  28 ;  Mr.  Bailey  Graduates,  30 ; 
Names  of  his  Classmates,  30  ;  Expression  of  obligation  to  Rev.  J.  Jewett,  31. 

CHAPTER  III. 

Common  School  Education  in  New  England,  32  ;  Mr.  Bailey  keeps  School  in  Rowlev, 
33;  —  in  Kingston,  N.  II.,  33;  Description  of  Kingston  and  its  Inhabitants,  33; 
State  of  Morals  in  Kingston,  31 ;  Closes  his  School,  3.5  ;  Commences  a  Scliool  at 
Hampton,  N.  II.,  3G;  Communication  for  the  New  Hampshire  Gazette,  36;  Resigns 
his  School  at  Hampton,  and  commences  teaching  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  37;  Visits 
Portsmouth,  N.  IL,  and  E.vetcr,  38;  Preaches  his  "Approbation  "  Discourse  before 
a  Congregational  Association,  3i) ;  Approved  by  them  to  preach  the  Gospel,  3'.l ;  At 
Commencement  at  Harvard  College,  3!) ;  Visits  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  30;  At  Hamp- 
ton, 40;  Suggestion  made  that  he  should  seek  a  Vacant  Mission  of  the  Church  of 
England,  in  New  Hampshire,  40  ;  Measures  taken  by  him  for  tliat  purpose,  40  ;  Con- 
fers with  Capt.  Gibbs  on  the  subject,  40 ;  Performs  a  part  in  a  Play,  41  ;  Preaches  in 
Hampton,  42;  Preaches  three  Sundays  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  42;  Letter  to  Rev.  H. 
Cancr,  43;  Letter  to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  43;  Review  of  Mr.  Bailey's  previous 
Life,  44-17- 


xvi  (()NTl;>'i> 


CHAl^TEll   IV 


Joamcyto  IJoHton,  4M ;  Arrival  there,  18 ;  Visit  to  Ilarvtu-d  College,  19;  Treatment 
by  the  rresident.  4'.t ;  Cnlla  on  the  Uoston  Clerpy,  4'J  ;  Goes  on  board  the  "  Hind,'* 
61;  The  Ship  drop*  down  to  Nunla-sket,  i32  ;  description  of  the  place  assigned  to 
Mr.  Bailey,  52;  Company  assemblid  in  it,  52-.'j4  ;  Their  Conduct,  M ;  Adventure 
of  two  of  the  Ship'ii  OrticerH,  -W ;  The  Ship  goes  to  Sea,  oG ;  Terrific  Storm,  o7  ; 
Landii  in  I'ortJimouth,  England,  .W ;  Journey  to  London,  60;  Arrival  in  London, 
00  ;  Interview  witli  the  SccrcUry  of  the  Propagation  Society,  61 ;  With  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury.  61  ;  Kxamination  for  Holy  Orders,  61 ;  Ordained  Deacon.  62;  Dines 
at  Ilinhop  of  I^ndon's  Toble,  63;  Waits  upon  Dr.  Franklin,  63;  Crowds  attend- 
ing Whitcficld's  I'rcaching,  61;  Ordained  Priest,  64;  Calls  on  Bishop  of  London, 
&5;  Receives  the  lloyal  IJounty,  66;  Dines  with  Dr.  Franklin,  66;  Prepares  to 
return  to  America,  GO;   Sight  of  Land,  66;   Arrival  in  lioston,  67. 

CHAPTER  V. 

Early  SettlemenU  in  North  America,  68;  Colonies  at  St.  Croix  and  Annapolis  Rivers, 
68;  Kennebec  and  Penobscot  Rivers  visited,  68;  Plymouth  Company  formed,  09; 
Landing  of  Colonists  at  Kennebec,  69  ;  Regular  Public  Worship  there,  70  ;  Colony 
at  Saco,  71  ;  Rev.  Robert  Jordan,  72. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Proprietors  of  Kennebec  Purchase,  74  ;  Germans  settle  at  Frankfort,  74 ;  Circum- 
stances of  these  Settlers,  7-5;  Destitute  of  Religious  Instruction,  75;  Efforts  of  a 
Jesuit,  76;  Application  to  "Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,"  etc.,  76;  Rev. 
William  Maclennachan  sent  as  Missionary,  77 ;  Mr.  Maclennachan  removes  from 
the  Mission,  77;  E.\tcnt  of  the  Mission,  78;  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey  succeeds  Mr. 
Maclennachan,  78;  Mr.  Bailey's  Marriage,  SO;  K.\lract  from  Mr.  Bailey's  Report, 
80;  Petition  from  Georgetown,  81  ;  Extract  from  Mr.  Bailey's  Letter  to  the  Society, 
P.  G.,  etc.,  8.3  ;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  Missionary  at  Georgetown,  86  ;  Steps  taken 
to  build  a  Church  at  Pownalborough,  86;  Church  occupied,  87  ;  "  Account  of  the 
First  Mission  on  Kennebec  River,"  88-91 ;  Persecutions  by  "M."  and  "  N.,"  93; 
Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler  leaves  Georgetown,  98 ;  Attempts  to  establish  a  Congrega- 
tional Society,  9'.i;  Mr.  Bailey's  Writings,  101;  Account  of  the  Parsonage  and 
Grounds  at  Pownalborough,  102-104  ;  Persecution  while  on  a  Journey,  lOo ;  Report 
to  the  "Society  P.  G.,"  105;  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  persecuted,  108;  Attempt  upon 
the  Lives  of  the  Inmates  of  the  Parsonage,  108 ;  Travelling  Preachers,  109  ;  Rais- 
ing a  Liberty  Pole,  110;  Persecutions  of  Mr.  Bailey,  112;  Second  attempt  to  estab- 
lish a  Congregational  Society,  113;  Episcopalians  taxed  for  this  purpose,  113;  Mr. 
Bailey  flees  to  Boston,  110;  Second  Journey  to  Boston,  117;  Extracts  from  his 
Journal,  117-121;  Persecution  continues,  122-120;  Sufferings  of  the  People  in 
Maine,  127,  128. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Mr.  Bailey  and  Family  leave  Pownalborough,  129;  Visit  Georgetown,  130;  Depart 
for  -VoTtt  Scotia,  133;  Incident!*  of  the  Voyage,  1.3.3;  Account  of  Mr.  Rhodes,  137; 
Ii,  !.  uU  of  the  Voyage,  l.'lH-l.W;  Arrival  at  Halifax,  156;  Meets  old  Friends,  150  ; 
\'is;t'J  by  Rev.  l)i.  bri\iituii.  li.i;  Waits  upon  the  Governor,  161;  Commences 
Uouickceping,  l''~ 


CONTENTS.  XVll 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Donation  from  the  General  Assemblj',  172 ;  Invited  to  officiate  at  Cornwallis,  173 ; 
Removes  to  Cornwallis,  17-5;  Report  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  177;  Letter  from  Rev. 
Samuel  Peters,  D.  D.,  178  ;  History  of  Connecticut,  179  ;  Mission  at  Annapolis,  180 ; 
Appointment  to  Annapolis,  182;  Account  of  Journey  from  Cornwallis  to  Annapolis, 
181-190 ;  Letter  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  191 ;  Large  Immigration  at  Annapolis,  193 ; 
Report  to  the  Society  P.  G.,  191 ;  Immigration  at  Annapolis,  195 ;  Report  to  the 
Society  P.  G.,  196;  Letter  to  Rev.  S.  Parker,  D.  D.,  197;  Church  at  Annapolis 
opened  for  Divine  Service,  197 ;  Letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Parker,  198 ;  Letter  to  Rev. 
S.  Peters,  D.  D.,   199;    Letter  from  Rev.  S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  202;    Letter  to  Rev. 

S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  20-1;  Report  to  Society  P.  G.,  208;   Letter  to  Mr.  T B . 

212 ;  Report  to  Society  P.  G.,  213  ;  Letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters,  D.  D.,  213 ;  Report  to 
Society  P.  G.,  219  ;  Idem,  220 ;  Idem,  222 ;  Sunday  Schools  established  in  Nova 
Scotia,  224  ;  Mr.  Bailey  appointed  Deputy  Chaplain  at  Annapolis,  22-1 ;  Letter  to  the 
Society  P.  G.,  227;  Letter  from  Bishop  Inglis,  228;  Mr.  Bailey's  Death,  228;  No- 
tice of  his  Family,  229 ;  Estimate  of  his  Character,  230. 

Notes,  ..........         234 

Appendix,  ..........  277 

St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough,  277;  Church  at  Georgeto^vn,  280;  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Portland,  282;  Christ  Church,  Gardiner,  284;  Kittery,  286;  Prospect, 
287 ;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  Missionary  at  Georgetown,  287  ;  Silvester  Gardiner, 
M.  D.,  290;  Contribution  to  the  List  of  Three  Hundred  Ministers,  294;  Abstract 
of  Sermons,  295. 

Notices  of  Loyalists,    .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  311 

Rev.  Edward  Bass,  D.  D.,  312 ;  Rev.  J.  AVingate  Weeks,  315;  Rev.  William  Clark, 
317;  Rev.  John  Wiswall,  318;  Rev.  Roger  Viets,  319;  Rev.  Mather  Byles,  Jr., 
D.  D.,320;  Rev. Bissett,  321;  Rev.  Henry  Caner,  322;  Rev.  John  Trout- 
beck,  322;  Rev.  John  Vardill,  322  ;  Rev.  Isaac  Brown,  322;  Sergeant  (Rev.  W.  ?), 

322 ;  Captain Smith,  322 ;  John  McNamarra,  323 ;  Dr.  John  Calf,  324  ;  Moses 

Foster,  324 ;  Robert  Jenkins,  324 ;  Simmons,  324  ;  John  Jones,  32-5  ;  Thomas 

Brown,  327  ;  Capt.  Charles  Callahan,  327  ;   Thomas  Turner,  James  Turner, 

Cookson,  John  Carlo,  Martin  Carlo,  329  ;    Edmund  Doharty,  330 ;    Capt.  

Combs,  330  ;    Joseph  Domcttc,  330 ;    Capt. Campbell,  331  ;   Thomas  Robie 

331 ;   Joseph  Patten,  331 ;  Major Rogers,  331 ;  Dowling,  332  ; 


Cummings,  .332  ;  John  McKown,  332  ;  Forman,  332  ;  Col.  (Peter  ?)  Fry,  332 

William   Gardiner,  332  ;    Wallace,  333 ;    Nathaniel   Gardiner,  333 ; 


Charlestown,  334;  Dr.  James  Tupper,  .G34  ;  Benjamin  Snow,  335;   John  Lee,  33.5 

Capt.  Antill  Gallop,  33.5;  Williams,  .335  ;  James  Rogers,  335;  Simon  Baxter 

3.3(i;    Bartholomew  Sullivan,  3.36;    Dr.  Jonathan  Hicks,  3.36;    George  Lyde,  336 

John  Carleton,  3.36;    Jackson,  .337;    Dr.  Coffin,  337;    Dr.  Cassimire 

Meyer,  337 ;  Major  Samuel  Goodwin,  337. 

Letteiis  and  Journals,  .......  338 

Letters  to  Amos  Bailey,  3.38,  348,  349,  3v50 ;  Rev.  H.  Caner,  338 ;  Dr.  Silvester  Gar- 
diner, 338,  a51,  352;  William  Gardiner,  340,  ib. ;  Mills  and  Hicks,  347,  348;  Mrs. 
Susanna  Renkin,  3^18;  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  343,  344,  345;  Rev.  W.  W.  Wheeler,  342. 


THE  FRONTIER  MISSIONARY. 


CHAPTER  I. 


Near  the  north-east  corner  of  the  old  Bay  State,  lies  the 
ancient  town  of   Rowley. 

The  northerly  line  of  Massachusetts,  if  it  continued  in  the 
straight  course  in  which  it  runs  from  the  westerly  border  of  the 
Commonwealth,  would  strike  the  ocean  to  the  southward  of 
this  place,  throwing  it  and  the  neighboring  ancient  town  of 
Newbury  within  the  limits  of  New  Hampshire.  The  dividing 
line  between  the  two  States,  however,  crosses  the  Merrimac 
River,  some  forty  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  then  running 
parallel  with  that  river  at  a  distance  of  three  miles  from  it, 
proceeds  in  an  irregular  course,  generally  in  a  north-easterly 
direction,  till  it  meets  the  sea  which  washes  Salisbury  Beach. 
The  townships  spoken  of,  lie,  therefore,  as  it  were,  in  the  bow 
of  a  parenthesis. 

Even  now,  when  the  improved  facilities  of  travel  have 
brought  Rowley  into  close  connection  with  other  places,  it 
remains  a  comparatively  quiet  and  secluded  spot.  Though 
near  the  sea,  the  communication  with  it  is  circuitous,  and 
small  vessels  only  can  approach  any  part  of  the  township. 
There  is  hardly  sullicient  water  power  for  the  grist-mills, 
needed  by  the  inhabitants. 

If  such  be  the  present  condition  of  this  ancient  settlement, 
when  almost  every  New  England  town  has  greatly  increased 
and  wonderfully  changed  during  the  last  fifty  years,  it  may 


V  R  O  N  T  I  i:  R       M  I  s  s  I  O  N  A  U  Y 


(1R, 


[1731. 


well  be  supposed  that  a  contiiry  since,  Rowley  was  a  place  in 
which  manners  and  customs,  once  formed,  would  continue 
stereotyped  for  a  long  time. 

Distant,  as  it  was,  a  long  summer  day's  ride  on  horseback 
from  the  metropolis;  .«elth)m  resorted  to,  either  for  business 
or  jjleasure,  by  strangers,  and  the  occupation  of  its  inhabitants 
being  mainly  agricultural,  the  stamp  which  its  Puritan  settlers 
afTi\ed  upon  its  society  was  not  only  visible,  but  still  sharply 
defwieil.  A  seaboard  town,  and  yet,  practically,  almost  cut  oil" 
from  the  sea,  it  had  lianlly  ihc  resources  that  are  common  to 
most  New  England  communities,  and  its  society  resembled 
more  nearly  that  of  settleincnts  far  in  the  interior,  than  might 
be  expected  in  a  place  in  which  tiic  roar  of  the  Atlantic  might 
be  heard  in  every  easterly  storm. 


[Birth-place  of  Jacob  Bailey.] 


In  this  community  Jacob  Baii.ky,'  the  subject  of  this 
Memoir,  was  born,  in  the  year  1731,  and  the  following  account 
is  in  his  own  language,  written  when  he  had  arrived  at  middle 
age,  and  aftir  education  and  travel  had  improved  his  mind. 

"  111  my  vrry  childhood,  as  soon  as  1  was  able  to  read,  I  was 
seized  with  an  insatiable  desire  of  travelling,  and  a  boundless 


•  See  note  A. 


1741.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  3 

curiosity  to  visit  foreign  countries.  Tiiis  inclination  I  was 
obliged  to  suppress,  since  such  numerous  obstacles  arose  to 
check  my  ambition,  and  to  prevent  me  from  indulging  those 
desires,  which  all  my  acquaintance  looked  upon  as  extrava- 
gant and  romantic. 

"  When  I  had  completed  my  tenth  year,  I  found  myself  an 
inhabitant  of  a  jilacc  remarkable  for  ignorance,  narrowness  of 
mind,  and  bigotry. 

"  An  uniform  method  of  thinking  and  acting  prevailed,  and 
nothing  could  be  more  criminal  than  for  one  person  to  be 
more  learned,  religious,  or  polite,  than  another.  For  instance, 
if  one  happened  to  make  advances  in  knowledge  beyond  his 
neighbors,  he  was  immediately  looked  upon  as  an  odd,  unac- 
countable fellow,  was  shunned  by  every  company,  and  left  to 
drink  his  mug  of  flip*  alone  on  lecture-day  night.  He  was 
sure  to  draw  upon  him  the  contempt  and  ridicule  of  the  other 
sex,  and  always  became  the  banter  of  the  young  females,  not 
only  at  the  frolic  and  dance,  but  at  the  washing  tub  and  spin- 
ning wheel. 

"  Whenever  a  person  began  to  make  a  figure  in  religion,  or 
had  the  boldness  to  be  more  virtuous  than  his  companions,  he 
instantly  drew  upon  him  the  envy  of  the  old  professors,  who 
branded  him  with  the  odious  names  of  upstart,  hypocrite,  and 
new-light. 

"  As  for  all  politeness  and  every  kind  of  civility,  except 
what  their  great-grandfathers  taught  them,  it  was  esteemed  a 
crying  sin.  Thus  I  have  known  a  boy  whipped  for  saying  Sir 
to  his  father,  when  he  came  from  school,  —  a  young  fellow 
severely  reprimanded  for  drinking  a  health,  —  and  a  very  pretty 
girl  obliged  to  live  a  virgin  ten  years,  for  once  preferring  a  gen- 
tleman to  a  plough  jogger,  and  for  saluting  every  body  with  a 
courtesy.  The  old  people  were  so  tenacious  of  the  customs 
of  their  ancestors,  that  no  consideration  could  prevail  upon 
them  to  vary  in  the  minutest  instance.  This  stupid  exactness 
might  be  discovered  in  the  field,  at  home,  at  the  tavern,  and 


•  "  Flip  ;  toddy  made  with  New  England  rum." — Gaffe's  History  qf  Rowley,  p.  269. 


4  FRONTIER     missionary;      OR,  [1741. 

even  in  tho  mccting-house.  Every  man  i)lantecl  as  many  acres 
of  Indian  eorn,  and  sowed  the  same  number  with  rye;  he 
plouglied  with  as  many  oxen,  hoed  it  as  often,  and  gathered 
in  his  erop  on  the  same  day  with  his  grandfather.  With 
regard  to  liis  family,  lie  salted  (hnvn  tlit.'  same  (juantity  of  beef 
and  pork,  wore  the  same  kind  of  stockings,  and  at  table,  sat 
and  said  grace  with  his  wife  and  children  around  him,  just  as 
his  predecessors  had  ch)nt^  before  him. 

"  At  the  tavern  the  same  regulation  obtained,  where  it  was 
esteemed  impious  to  venture,  except  on  a  training  or  lecture- 
day.  Upon  the  former  occasion,  the  good  man  always  bought 
a  piece  of  sweet  cake  for  his  spouse,  and  a  roll  of  ginger-bread 
for  each  of  his  children;  upon  the  latter,  you  might  see  the 
fathers  of  families  Hocking  from  the  house  of  devotion,  with  a 
becoming  gravity  in  tlieir  countenances,  to  the  house  of  flip. 

"  The  young  sj^arks  assemble  in  the  evening  to  divert  them- 
selves, when,  after  two  or  three  horse-laughs  at  some  passage 
in  the  sermon,  they  proceed  in  the  following  manner.  They 
send  for  an  old  negro,  who  presently  makes  his  apiK-aranee 
with  the  parish  iiddle,  part  of  the  head  of  it  is  broken,  it  is 
glued  together  in  several  places  with  rosin,  has  three  strings, 
etc.  Now  the  music  begins,  which  instantly  inspires  the 
youths,  who  lead  out  the  willing  fair  to  mingle  in  the  dance. 
Thcv  hold  this  violent  exercise,  till  sweat  and  fatigue  oblige 
them  to  desist.  In  this  interval,  one  is  despatched  to  the 
tavern  for  a  dram,  which  revives  their  spirits  till  midnight, 
when  they  separate.  They  have  one  excellent  custom  here, 
and  that  is,  their  constant  attendance  on  })ublic  worship. 
Upon  the  ringing  of  the  bell  on  Sundays,  every  one  repairs  to 
the  meeting-house,  and  behaves  with  tolerable  decency  till 
prayers  are  over.  As  to  singing,  the  greatest  part  have  re- 
nounced their  j)rejudiccs  to  what  is  called  the  new  way,  but 
others  continue  to  place  such  sanctity  in  a  few  old  tunes,  that 
they  either  hang  down  their  heads  in  silence,  or  run  out  of 
the  meeting-house,  while  their  neighbors  are  singing  one  of  a 
more  modern  composition. 

"  When  the  sermon  begins,  every  one  has  the  jirivilege  of 
growing  drowsy,  about   the    middle   many  catch  a  nod,  and 


1741.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  5 

several  sleep  quietly  during  the  application.  These  honest 
people  would  esteem  it  a  great  hardship  if  they  were  denied 
the  privilege  of  taking  a  nap  once  a  week  in  their  meeting- 
house. 

"  Thus,  at  the  age  of  ten,  I  found  myself  among  these  peo- 
ple, without  any  education,  without  money  ;  and  to  increase 
my  misfortune,  I  was  bashful  to  the  extremest  degree. 

"  This  disposition  had  taken  such  a  possession  of  me,  that 
I  was  even  afraid  to  walk  the  streets  in  open  daylight,  and 
frequently,  when  I  have  been  sent  abroad  in  the  neighborhood 
of  an  errand,  I  have  gone  a  mile  about  through  fields  and 
bushes.  A  female  was  the  most  dreadful  sight  I  could  possi- 
bly behold,  and  till  I  was  eighteen,  I  had  never  courage  to 
speak  in  their  presence.  Whenever  I  had  the  misfortune  to 
meet  one  of  these  animals  in  the  street,  I  immediately  climbed 
over  the  fence,  and  lay  obscured  till  she  passed  along.  And, 
if  a  young  woman  happened  to  come  into  the  room  where  I 
was  sitting,  I  was  seized  with  a  trembling,  but  if  she  spake, 
my  confusion  was  so  great,  that  it  was  a  long  time  before  I 
could  recover.  But  these  dilliculties,  instead  of  abating  my 
>  thirst  for  knowledge,  or  lessening  my  unbounded  desire  for 
travel,  only  served  as  so  many  incitements  to  these  acquisi- 
tions." 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  written  in  mature  life. 
It  will  be  perceived  that  it  was  addressed  to  a  lady.  Neither 
her  name,  nor  the  date  of  the  letter,  however,  are  ])roscrved. 

"  I  was  born  in  a  country  town  on  the  coast  of  New  Eng- 
land, of  honest  parents,  who,  notwithstanding  they  were  ex- 
tremely industrious,  covild  obtain  but  a  scanty  maintenance 
for  themselves  and  their  numerous  family. 

"  It  was  my  misfortune,  from  the  earliest  period  of  my  life, 
to  be  bashful  to  the  extremest  degree. 

"  I  was,  when  a  child,  even  under  all  the  disadvantages  of 
poverty  and  a  narrow  education,  extremely  ambitious,  and  my 
curiosity  was  unbounded,  and  my  thirst  for  knowledge  per- 
fectly insatiable.     I  was  for  taking  hold  of  every  opportunity 


6  ruoNTiER    missionary;    or,        [1750. 

to  iiuTiiisc  lay  kiu)\vlt'cl«»e,  imjirDVf  my  uiulcrstaiuHiig,  aiul  to 
gain  inlflligcnce  of  liuinaiir  alVairs.  The  means  I  enjoyed  for 
mental  aciiuirements  \v«Te  indeed  very  infrequent  and  slender. 
I  was  disposed  to  pass  all  my  leisure  hours  in  learning,  and 
vet  \vas  unfurnisheil  with  any  kind  of  l)ot)ks,  or  any  means  of 
aei[uiring  knowledge. 

'•  I  was  eonstrained  to  lal)or  with  the  most  constant  and 
unwearied  diligence,  ami  had  scarcely  time  allowed  lue  for 
nei'dful  recreation.  However,  a  season  is  ni'vcr  wanting  to 
those  who  an-  ready  to  improve  upon  any  occasion.  I  used 
to  redeem  an  hour  every  evening  from  the  small  portion  that 
was  allottetl  for  my  sleep.  This,  for  want  of  books,  I  usually 
spent  in  scribbling,  so  that  I  composed  matter  upon  a  variety 
of  subjects,  sulllcient,  I  suppose,  to  have  filled  several  volumes. 

"  It  happened,  one  evening,  after  I  had,  as  usual,  been  em- 
ployed, just  before  the  hour  of  repose,  with  my  pen,  that  I  was 
suddenly  called  away  upon  some  urgent  occasion.  In  the 
hurry  of  my  ri.-ing,  I  dropped  the  paper  which  I  had  been 
using,  so  that  it  was  taken  uj)  the  next  morning  by  a  ])ersou 
of  no  siuall  ctiriosity.  lie  was  so  pleased  with  the  ct)ntents, 
that  ln"  iii>tantly  communicated  it  to  the  perusal  of  some 
others,  till  at  length  it  arrived  at  the  Parson  of  our  Parish, 
who  was  a  pious  and  ingenious  gentleman,  lie  was  so  taken 
with  the  performance,  that  he  resolved  to  pay  the  author  a 
visit.  By  some  means  or  other,  I  gained  intelligence  of  his 
design,  and  took  care  to  avoid  his  conversation,  by  secreting 
myself  from  the  knowledge  of  any  person.  I  took  a  ramble 
through  a  neighboring  grove,  where  I  gave  my  attention  to 
the  whispers  of  the  breeze,  the  noise  of  the  turtles,  and  the 
croaking  of  the  frogs,  till  1  thought  the  time  of  his  visit  Imd 
fully  expired.  For,  not  to  dissemble.  Madam,  I  esteemed  our 
minister,  in  that  day,  such  a  great  man,  that  thousands  would 
not  have  tempted  me  tt)  come  into  his  presence.  Being  ar- 
rived at  my  father's,  I  understood  that  he  had  i)aid  the  family 
a  visit,  and  had  prevailed  upon  my  father  to  let  him  have  the 
instructing  me  a  twelve  month,  and  that  without  any  con- 
sideration.    Such  was  his  unparalleled  generosity! 

"This  proposal,  however   advantageous   and    agreeable,   I 


1750.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  7 

found  encumbered  with  insuperable  dilFiculties,  for  I  imagined 
it  impossil)le  to  introduce  myself  to  the  family  without  perish- 
ing under  an  intoleral)lc  weight  of  l)lushcs,  and  the  deepest 
confusion.  The  day  soon  approached.  I  arose  in  the  morn- 
ing, having  never  closed  my  eyes  the  preceding  night,  and 
directed  my  course  to  the  Parson's.  I  passed  the  house,  and 
walked  backwards  and  forwards  by  it,  I  think,  no  less  than 
ten  times.  At  last,  a  strange  and  unusual  pang  of  courage 
and  resolution  came  upon  me,  and  forced  me  up  to  the  door, 
but,  alas,  when  I  arrived,  my  heart  failed  me,  and  I  presently 
perceived  my  spirits  beginning  to  sink,  till  finding  that  the 
eyes  of  a  young  female  in  the  neighborhood  were  turned 
towards  me,  I  concluded,  of  the  two  evils,  prudentialiy  to 
choose  the  lesser,  and  so  instantly  entered.  I  gat  over  the 
difliculties  of  my  first  address,  and  was  put  to  learning  that 
very  afternoon,  and,  as  I  had  the  good  fortune  to  perceive, 
greatly  to  the  acceptance  and  admiration  of  my  master." 

No  information  is  to  be  found  of  the  time  spent  in  his  pre- 
paration for  college.  Enough,  however,  has  been  stated,  to 
show  his  great  desire  for  learning,  and  the  serious  obstacles 
he  met  with  in  its  acquirement. 

To  the  Rev.  Jedediah  Jewett,  Pastor  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Society  in  Rowley,  belongs  the  credit  of  taking  this 
poor  and  almost  friendless  young  man  from  his  obscurity,  and 
giving  him  the  opportunity  to  gratify  that  taste  for  learning, 
of  which  he  has  spoken  in  the  foregoing  extracts. 


rnoNTir.R    missionary;    or.  [1751, 


(II  A  I'T  i:k  1 1. 

TiiK  subject  of  this  Memoir  entered  Harvard  College  in  17ol. 
when  he  was  twenty  years  old. 

The  reason  of  his  eoinnienciii^  his  preparation  for  college 
at  an  a^c  wlirn  most  young  men  have  completed  their  col- 
legiate course,  appears  in  the  extracts  from  his  own  writings, 
which   have  already  been  given. 

\\'<-  can  hardly  expect  to  find  much  that  will  interest  the 
geni'ral  reader  iluring  the  life  of  an  unilcrgraduatc.  But 
Jacob's  practice  of  writing,  by  which,  as  he  has  testified,  he 
acquired  most  of  the  education  he  had  before  he  was  noticed 
by  Rev.  Mr.  .lewett,  was  now  very  freely  followed,  and  por- 
tions of  copious  daily  journals  kept  by  him  are  still  in  exist- 
ence. Most  of  their  contents  might  have  been  pleasant  to 
him  as  reminiscences  in  after  life,  and  would  be  valued  by  his 
relations  and  friends.  Beyond  this  circle  they  possess  but 
little  interest.  Yet  there  are  some  matters  in  them  which 
may  be  alluded  to,  and  a  few  portions  of  them  will  be  ex- 
tracted. If  but  little  can  be  copied  from  these  writings  to 
illustrate  the  personal  biography  of  their  author,  still,  the 
glimpses  they  afford  of  the  state  of  society  at  the  time,  may 
not  be  uninteresting  in  themselves,  as  well  as  because  they 
exhibit  to  us,  to  some  extent,  the  injhunccs  that  htljicd  to  form 
his  character  at  this  period  of  his  life.  It  would  appear,  from 
these  journals,  that  the  bashfulness  which  he  formerly  felt  in 
female  society,  and  of  which  he  has  spoken,  (see  previous 
extracts  from  his  writings,)  had  now  entirely  disappeared,  and 
that  the  company  of  the  softer  sex  was  now  eagerly  sought 
by  him,  and  highly  enjoyed. 

It  has  ever  been  a  practice  for  persons  to  complain  of  the 
age  in  which  they  live,  asserting  that  religion  and  morals  have 
deteriorated  from  their  former  condition,  and,  suj)po9ing  that 


1751.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  9 

their  tendency  was  still  downward,  to  indulge  in  gloomy  fore- 
bodings as  to  the  future.  We  read  the  writings  of  divines 
and  others,  who  flourished  two  centuries  since,  and  meet  with 
evidences  of  this  belief. 

Fifty  years  later,  the  complaint  is  repeated  in  the  books  of 
that  time.  Another  half  century  furnishes  us  with  lamenta- 
tions over  the  degeneracy  of  the  times  as  compared  with  tliosc 
that  are  past  Doubtless  there  is  reason  always  to  mourn 
over  the  disregard  that  men  manifest  to  their  highest  good.  A 
thoughtful  person  can  view  with  no  satisfaction  the  interest 
which  the  majority  show  in  perishing  trifles.  A  pious  mind, 
in  any  age,  cannot  but  be  pained  at  the  evidences  around  him, 
that  "the  things  that  arc  seen,"'  and  "that  are  temporal,"  so 
entirely  usurp  the  place  in  the  heart  which  should  be  occupied 
by  "the  things  that  are  not  seen,"  and  that  "are  eternal." 

Still,  we  cannot  but  think  that  tiie  last  one  hundred  years 
have  witnessed  material  imjirovcments  in  the  decencies  of 
society  and  its  minor  morals,  and  where  these  are  improved, 
the  way  of  advance  in  more  important  matters  is  made  easier. 

Some  practices  were  current  during  the  youth  and  early 
manhood  of  Mr.  Bailey,  that  would  not  now  be  tolerated. 
New  England  society,  at  that  time,  in  country  towns,  was 
harsh  and  hard.  No  influences  prevailed  to  refine  the  man- 
ners, and  but  little  existed,  around  which  the  finer  feelings 
could  entwine  themselves.  The  love  of  letters  was  mostly 
confined  to  professional  men,  or  to  some  of  those  in  other 
pursuits,  who  had  received  a  liberal  education.  As  a  general 
thing,  it  was  not  supposed  that  females  need  be  taught  more 
than  the  mere  rudiments  of  learning.  Hence,  though  a  few 
trifling  amusements  were  occasionally  resorted  to  as  a  means 
of  preventing  listlessness,  sensual  pleasures  were  the  principal 
ones  of  that  generation. 

Modesty  prevents  more  than  an  allusion  to  some  of  the 
social  customs  of  the  time.  Suflice  it  to  say,  that  the  inter- 
course between  the  sexes  in  rural  districts  was  frequently  of  a 
character  so  improper,  and  in  many  cases  so  gross,  that  the 
present  age  could  hardly  believe  a  plain  statement  of  its 
2 


10  FRONTir. u    missionauy;    or,  [1753. 

iiaturr,  wen'  it  not  certified  by  those  who  lived  at  that  day, 
and  who  speuk  of  it  nn  a  inatttr  of  eourse. 

The  subject  of  this  Memoir  lived  in  the  country  till  he  was 
twenty  yi-ars  of  age,  and  he  fell  somewhat  into  the  habits  ol 
those  around  him.  Hut  as  a  larger  aetiiiaintance  with  the 
world  ivxpanded  his  views,  as  the  company  of  females  edu- 
cated in  cities,  (where  no  such  cust»)ms  prevailed,)  gave  him 
jurtter  notions  of  the  purity  of  femah-  character,  and  as  Divine 
grace  strcngthcn«'<l  in  his  heart,  he  saw  the  nature  of  the 
intercourse  spoken  of  in  a  truer  light,  and  his  journals  and 
lettter-books  show  his  convictions  on  this  subject,  and  the 
eflbrts  he  made  for  reform.  To  him  fairly  belong.s  the  credit 
of  having,  in  early  manhooii,  advanced  beyond  the  age  in 
which  he  lived,  in  his  ideas  of  what  females  were  capable  of 
becoming,  and  the  honesty  of  his  convictions  was  abundantly 
manifested  in  his  iK-rsevcring  elVorts  for  their  improvement  in 
."ccidar  and  religious  knowledge. 

Ani'iit  spirits  wen*  a  common  beverage  in  Mr.  Bailey's  day, 
among  all  classes.  The  minister,  the  deaeniis  and  the  people, 
all  indulgi'd  in  a  j)ractiee,  now  so  loudly  condemned.  Playing 
cards  was  nearly  as  universal.  Young  men,  almost  on  the 
j)oint  of  entering  the  ministry,  did  not  hesitate  to  join  a  j)arty 
at  whist,  or  other  games;  and,  if  after  they  had  been  ordained, 
they  scrupled  at  engaging  in  this  amusement,  they  did  not 
forbid  its  being  indulged  in  under  their  roof  The  same  may 
be  said  of  dancing. 

A  portion  of  his  journal,  w  liile  he  was  a  college  student, 
illustrates  what  has  been  said  touching  the  three  last  customs. 
T^ider  date  of  .lanuary  19,  17'j'J,  he  gives  an  account  of  the 
marriage  of  a  daught(>r  of  a  jiious  and  orthodo.x  New  Eng- 
land elergyiuan  in  a  country  town.  "  After  the  ceremony  was 
past,"  says  he,  "dinner  was  prepared,  but  first  I  waited  upon 
the  gentry  with  a  bowl  of  lemon  i>uneh.  .  .  .  •  About 
the  coming  en  of  the  evening,  the  younger  sort,  to  t!)e  number 
of  about  fifty,  rej)aired  to  the  western  chauiber,  where  we 
spent  the  evening  in  singing,  dancing,  and  wooing  the  widow%" 

The  festivities  appear  to  have  been  renewed  at  the  clergy- 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  11 

man's  house  the  next  day,  when  several  young  people  a.sseni- 
bled.  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Having  saluted  the  bride,  we  spent 
our  time,  some  in  dancing,  the  others  in  playing  cards,  for  the 
space  of  two  hours.  •  *  «  *  After  dinner,  we  young 
people  repaired  to  our  chamber,  where  we  spent  the  day  in 
plays,  such  as  singing,  dancing,  wooing  the  widow,  playing 
cards,  box,  etc." 

Thus  much  for  the  social  habits  of  tiiat  day.  Who  can 
den}"^  that  they  have  been  much  ini])rovcd  in  the  mean  time? 

It  is  with  much  satisfaction  that  we  make  extracts  from  INIr. 
Bailey's  journals,  recording  the  liljcrality  of  certain  persons  in 
assisting  him  to  pay  his  expenses  when  in  college.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Jewett  was  the  friend  on  whom  he  mainly  relied  for  means 
to  obtain  his  education.  Yet  Mr.  Jewett  probably  thought 
that  others  ought  to  share  this  burden  with  him. 

'^  April  V3th,  1752.  *  *  "VVe  resorted  to  Messrs.  Gushing 
and  Newman's,  (in  Boston,)  where  we  were  led  into  a  room 
most  curiously  adorned  with  rich  and  costly  furniture.  Mr. 
Jewett,  after  having  entered  into  some  discourse  with  these 
gentlemen,  easily  persuaded  them  to  subscribe  £S-~),  O.  T., 
a-piece,  for  my  support  at  college.  From  these  gentlemen  I 
had  an  invitation  of  making  free  at  their  house  for  the  future." 
This  bounty,  however,  added  to  what  other  resources  he  might 
have,  does  not  seem  to  have  been  sufRcient  to  meet  his  ex- 
penses, as  we  may  infer  from  the  following  entry  in  his  journal, 
dated  "  Roivle//,  January  2Sl/i,  17'34.  This  day,  meeting  with 
many  discouragements,  I  had  almost  resolved  to  fix  off  to  sea, 
but  just  as  I  had  the  matter  in  agitation,  I  had  an  offer  to  go 
to  Bradford,  where,  I  hoped,  I  should  find  something  to  divert 
my  mind."  On  his  return,  he  says,  "  I  called  in  at  (Rev.)  Mr. 
Chandler's,  about  sunset,  who  gave  me  two  dollars  and  a  pair 
of  gloves.     He  also  lent  me  his  Hebrew  Bible." 

The  aid  of  Rev.  Mr.  Jewett  was  called  in  on  this  emergency. 
He  advised  a  journey  to  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  and  an  appeal  to 
several  persons  in  that  town  and  its  vicinity.  Jacob,  being 
furnished  with  letters  of  introduction,  travelled  to  Portsmouth, 
and  the  extracts  from  his  journals,  which  follow,  show  his 
success. 


12  rnoNTir. R    missionary;    or,  [1754. 

'•  Purtsmoitth,  N.  II,  January  o1a7,  17o  t.  Waited  upon  Col. 
Oilman  with  a  Ifttrr.     •  •        Callccl  on  my  classmate, 

John    Wentworth.      •  K<v.    Mr.    Lani^iion    came 

home,  to  whom  I  prcsontcci  my  Utter,  lie.  npdii  rcccivin*,'  it, 
spake  very  cli.-^conraf^ini,'  of  my  receiving  any  donation  in  the 
town.  However,  lie  promi-ed,  the  next  day  to  use  his  interest 
among  tlu*  gentlemen. 

"  February  Ist.  •  •  •  The  first  |)lace  we  called  at 
was  Wentworth's,  who  welcomed  me  to  his  honse,  and  gave 
me  his  hand.  After  I  had  been  there  a  few  minutes,  his  son, 
my  classmate,  made  his  appearance,  and  invited  me  to  dine 
with  him,  as  did  his  father,  and  Mr.  Lani^'don  being  invited 
also,  I  consented.  At  onr  coming  away,  Mr.  Wcntworth  gave 
Mr.  Laiigdon  L'TJ  for  nie.  After  tiiis,  we  went  to  Sen'r  Col. 
Sherburne's,  where  we  wen-  conrteonsly  entertained,  and  in- 
vited to  dine  with  him.  He,  at  parting,  gave  me  X'2.  • 
About  nine  o'clock,  having  obtained  leave  of  Esq.  Bell,  I  set 
out  for  New  Castle  with  the  Rsq.  and  three  of  his  men,  to 
row  us  down.  It  hai)pcned  to  be  a  very  cold,  dark,  and  stormy 
night;  the  rain  that  fell  froze  upon  everything,  but  though  we 
were  much  fatigued,  yet  w'c  arrived  in  about  half  an  hour  at 
New  Castle,  it  being  about  three  miles  from  Portsmouth.  On 
our  arrival,  Esq.  Bell  sent  one  of  his  men  to  show  mc  to 
(Rev.)  Mr.  Chase's.  When  I  arrived  there,  about  ten  o'clock, 
I  found  myself  perfectly  unknown." 

Mr.  Chase  read  the  letter  of  recommendation  from  Mr. 
Jewett.  He  "  made  some  of  his  servants  bring  me  some  su^v 
per,  and  very  courteously  entertained  me  all  night." 

"  February  2/1.  After  prayers,  we  all  breakfasted  upon  choc- 
olate, etc.  When  we  had  done,  Mr.  Chase  called  mc  into 
another  n>om,  and  gave  mc  .£3,  Hampshire  money.  After- 
wards, we  fitted  out  for  fishing,  and  getting  into  Mr.  Chase's 
boat,  wc,  »ix  in  number,  launched  olT,  but  changing  my  mind, 
I  was  set  on  Kittcry  shore.  Being  come  to  land,  I  travelled 
over  the  rocks  up  to  (Rev.)  Mr.  Steven.s's.  Here  I  found  his 
wife  and  he  at  dinner,  and,  upon  invitation,  sat  down  with 
them.  After  dinner,  .Mr.  Stevens  •  •  gave  mc  a  dollar,  and  a 
rcconuncmlatory  line  to  Sir  William  Peppcrcll.     About  two,  I 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  13 

set  out  with  the  intention  of  seeing  York,  but  before  I  had 
got  to  Sir  William's  plantation,  an  exceeding  thick  fog  arose 
and  covered  all  the  land,  so  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to 
discern  the  ground  right  under  one's  feet.  I  at  length,  how- 
ever, found  the  knight's  house,  and  went  first  into  the  kitchen, 
where  I  waited  till  after  he  had  dined,  and  then  sent  in  my 
letter.  When  he  had  read  it,  he  immediately  sent  for  me, 
upon  which  I  was  conducted  into  the  room,  where  I  found 
Sir  William  and  his  lady  and  tiiree  gentlemen.  The  knight 
ordered  me  to  sit  down,  and  turned  me  out  a  glass  of  wine, 
upon  which  I  drank  his  health.  After  I  had  been,  with  the 
gentlemen  present,  long  entertained  with  an  account  of  his 
travels  in  England,  he  sent  a  young  scribe  in  his  employ  with 
a  couple  of  blacks  up  to  Portsmouth  in  a  boat,  with  whom  he 
ordered  me  a  passage.  Accordingly,  about  three  o'clock,  we 
prepared  for  our  voyage,  and  being  ready  to  set  off.  Sir  Wil- 
liam's lady  presented  me  with  a  dollar,  and  he  gave  me  twenty 
shillings  in  copper,  and  came  with  us  down  to  the  water, 
where  he  helped  me  into  the  boat,  and  charged  me  to  come 
and  see  him,  if  I  came  that  way  again." 

♦  ****• 

"  February  Alh.  This  day  I  proposed  to  set  out  on  my  jour- 
ney home,  but  after  breakfast  Mr.  Langdon  and  I  took  a  walk, 
first  to  Mr.  Wiberd's,  the  Counsellor,  and  then  to  Mr.  Wiberd, 
the  Merchant,  who  gave  me  two  dollars  a-piece.  During  my 
stay  here,  I  was  taken  aside  by  my  lady  Wiberd,  who  bestow- 
ed upon  me  a  yard  and  a  half  of  very  fine  muslin  and  a  pair 
of  fine  worsted  stockings.  As  we  were  going  out  of  Mr. 
Wiberd's  we  met  Mr.  Jefferds,  who  gave  me  nine  livrcs. 

"  From  hence  we  proceeded  to  Col.  Atkinson's,  who  out  of 
his  generosity  put  me  into  the  possession  of  X12,  Hampshire 
money,  and  treated  me  very  handsomely.  From  Col.  Atkin- 
son's we  directed  our  course  to  Capt.  Warner's,  where  I  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  his  son,  who,  together  with  his  father, 
treated  me  very  handsomely.  Being  invited  to  dinner  here, 
we  refused  and  retired  home,  where  we  dined  ;  after  which, 
Capt.  Warner's  son  came  to  Mr.  Langdon's,  and  after  we  had 
sat  together  a  little  time,  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Langdon's 


14  rnoNTiKi;    missionary;    or,  [1754. 

family.  On  runung  out  of  ilu*  door,  Warner  came  with  me 
and  «^av('  lue  four  dtillars  and  a  bundle  of  tilings,  worth  £10, 
().  T.  I  hav(;  the  grr;itest  reason  \o  esteem  this  town,  for  the 
kindness  I  received  from  several  of  the  j)rinei|)al  inhabitants, 
espeeially  from  Mr.  Langdon  and  his  family,  who  all  treated 
IMC  \\  iih  peculiar  respect." 

•  •  •  •  •  •«• 

'•  Ciimhridi^e,  Fcbruanj  '21th.  This  day  received  by  Mr. 
"Warner,  from  (Rev.)  Mr.  Langdon,  of  Portsmouth,  the  re- 
nuiining  part  of  my  bounty  from  those  gentlemen  I  had  lately 
visited,  consisting  of  one  pistole,  one  English  shilling,  and 
forty-two  livres." 

The  following  portion  of  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal,  containing 
an  account  of  a  journey  which  he  made  into  Connecticut, 
will  no  doubt  prove  interesting. 

''  Jiilt/  9(/i.  This  ilay  having  concluded  to  accompany 
Wm.  lirown  and  his  sister  to  New  London,  I  arose  early 
in  the  morning,  about  half  after  four  o'clock.  •  •  I  went 
to  Stockbridge's  chamber,  who  rose  and  went  with  me  to 
Stedman's  after  a  horse,  but  not  prospering,  Elliot  rode  down 
to  Charlestown  and  got  one  of  Mr.  Wood.  •  •  Brown 
coming  from  Salem  about  eleven  o'clock,  we  left  Cambridge 
a  little  before  twelve.  Before  we  had  gotten  a  mile  I  perceiv- 
ed I  had  left  my  great  coat,  upon  which  I  rode  back  after  it, 
and  took  leave  of  several  scholars.  I  set  out  again,  and  rode 
directly  for  Bils,  in  .Taiiiaiea,  where  I  found  Mr.  Brown  and 
Miss  Nabby  at  dinner  with  Capt.  Fry,  of  Andover,  and  several 
others.  After  dimier  we  three  sat  tt)gelher  uj)on  the  benches 
before  the  door  awhile,  and  about  two  o'clock  set  out  t)u  our 
journey,  riding  through  .Tamaica,  a  pleasant  parish  in  the 
upper  part  of  lloxbury,  beautified  with  the  country  seats  of 
several  gentlemen.  We  came  at  length  to  Mr.  Walter's,  a 
very  pleasant  seat,  where  gravity  and  elegance  seemed  to  re- 
side. A  ntmiber  of  vencralile  trees  spread  their  agreeable 
shades  and  formed  a  fit  hal)itation  for  the  Muses.  Here  Wm. 
Walter  invited  us  in,  but  being  on  our  journey  we  refused. 

The  next  town  we  came  to  was  Dedham,  where  Ames,  the 


1754]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  15 

famous  astronomer  lives.  Just  as  we  passed  his  house,  an 
accident  happened.  The  swivel,  by  which  the  horse  drew  the 
chair,  came  loose  and  fell  against  his  heels,  which  set  him  in  a 
terrible  fright.  He  ran  with  all  his  might  and  took  the  chair 
into  a  small  gate-way,  but  people  being  near  at  hand,  delivered 
my  young  companions  from  impending  ruin. 

DEDHAM. 

No  remarkable  place,  but  an  old  settled  town.  Some  good 
buildings  towards  the  middle.  It  contains  three  parishes. 
The  roads  are  good,  but  pretty  much  up  hill  and  down.  After 
we  repaired  our  chair,  we  rode  as  far  as  one  Dean's,  where  we 
diverted  ourselves  with  the  affected  gentility.  Leaving  Dean's, 
we  rode  next  through  Walpole.  Here  we  had  the  company  of 
a  Bristol  man  who  had  that  day  come  from  Ipswich. 

WALPOLE. 

A  country  town,  most  remarkable  for  valleys  and  hills.  The 
roads,  as  in  Dedham.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Payson  is  the  only  min- 
ister here.  About  dark,  we  came  into  Wrentham,  where  we 
put  up.  After  we  had  brought  in  all  our  things,  we  took  a 
room  to  ourselves,  drank  a  bowl  of  beverage,  and  sup})ed 
upon  Iamb  steaks.  At  supper,  we  had  a  very  odd  creature  to 
wait  upon  us.  By  its  dress,  we  judged  it  to  be  of  the  femi- 
nine gender.  We  made  some  sorrowful  reflections  upon  the 
situation  of  our  chums  at  college,  but  soon  began  to  divert 
ourselves  with  Madam  Dean's  affected  gentility.  Miss  Nabby 
made  several  pert  observations.  After  we  had  considered  the 
great  deliverance  we  had  experienced  in  the  day  time,  with 
wishing  each  other  good  night,  we  betook  ourselves  to  repose. 
Miss  Nabby  lodged  in  our  keeping  room,  Mr.  Brown  and  I  in 
a  chamber  overhead. 

//////  10th.  This  day  arose  in  the  morning.  We  had  tlie 
company  of  the  Bristol  man  I  had  seen  before  on  our  journey  for 
several  miles ;  but  before  we  set  out,  we  breakfasted  upon  tea. 

WRENTHAM. 

A  pretty,  plain  country  town ;  one  or  two  very  neat  build- 
ings ;  one  meeting-house,  and  a  very  good  road  through  the 


1  (1  r  U  O  NT  1  E  H     M  I  S  S  I  O  N  A  U  Y  ;     OK,  [1 754. 

greatest  part  i)f  it.  After  wr  h:ul  nxlf  ulnmt  an  hour,  ^v^! 
came  into  Attleborou^h,  and  at  length  passed  by  Parson 
Weld's,*  where  we  had  a  view  of  his  numerous  lijc  of  dauf^h- 
ters,  out  of  a  ehaniber  window  tiiey  were  in.  We  made  j*ome 
stop,  afterwards,  at  one  I'arson  Clark's.  The  people  begin 
now  to  appear  in  a  sylvan  roughness;  the  women  in  these 
parts  wear  but  little  more  elothing  than  what  nature  gave 
them.  The  first  stage  we  made  was  at  Day's,  where  we 
railed  to  ehange  our  horses,  but  not  succeeding,  we  departed, 
and  j)roceeded  towards  J'rovidenre,  riding  through  a  very 
sandy  ]>lain. 

ATTLEBOROrOH. 

A  long  countrj'  town,  situated  at  a  vast  distance  from  the 
Eastern  Ocean,  the  land  somewhat  poor  and  sandy,  the  roads 
very  good,  and  but  one  meeting-house.  We  came,  at  last,  to 
Sekonk,  which  is  three  miles  in  length  and  breadth,  having 
upon  it  neitlicr  tree  nor  stone,  but  an  exci'eding  line  road,  and 
glorious  riding. 

KKUOUOTU. 

We  saw  nothing  here  but  a  large  |)lain  :  it  is  the  southern 
bounds  of  the  Massachusetts  dominions.  After  we  had 
passed  Sekonk  Plains,  we  came  over  a  large  bridge,  built 
exceeding  high  from  the  water;  the  stream  itself  has  a  pro- 
digious fall.  About  twelve  o'clock,  we  came  to  Providence, 
and  put  up  at  C'apt.  Ones,  where  we  dined,  and  had  a  very 
good  entertaiimient.  A  very  pretty  young  lady  belonging  to 
the  family,  allorded  us  her  company,  and  entertained  us  with 
her  pleasant  conversation.  The  house  is  furnisheil  in  a  very 
elegant  and  curious  maimer.  After  we  had  rested  ourselves 
and  horses,  we  proceiuled  .and  rotle  through  the  delightful 
town  of  Providence,  and  |)asst(l  the  great  bridge. 

I'KOVlIii;.NCK 

Is  a  most  beautiful  place,  lying  on  both  sides  of  a  line  river, 
in  the  north-westerly  part  of  Rhode  Island  government.     The 


•  iicT.  llxiiwAii  Wkmp,  wim  lurd  in  i7->J,  after  a  ministry  of  fifty-five  years.    IIi« 
family  consisted  of  four  sons  and  cleren  daughters. 


1754:.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB      HAIL  EY.  17 

north-east  side  is  built  with  two  streets  of  painted  iiouses, 
above  which  lies  a  most  delightful  hill,  gradually  ascending  to 
a  great  distance,  all  cut  into  gardens,  orchards,  pleasant  llelds, 
and  beautiful  enclosures,  which  strike  the  eye  with  agreeable 
surprise.  Here  is  a  fine  harbor  for  shipping,  and  a  well-built 
bridge  across  the  river.  The  town,  on  the  south-west  side,  is 
not  less  elegant  than  on  the  north-east,  but  contains  two  or 
three  streets  of  well-built  houses.  Providence  is  a  very  grow- 
ing and  nourishing  place,  and  the  finest  in  New  England. 
Here  is  one  meeting-house,  one  church,  one  Quaker  and  one 
New-Light  house  for  divine  worship.  The  inhal)itants  of  the 
place,  in  general,  are  very  immoral,  licentious  and  profane, 
and  exceeding  famous  for  contempt  of  the  Sabbath.  CJaming, 
gunning,  horse-racing  and  the  like,  are  as  common  on  that  day 
as  on  any  other.  Persons  of  all  professions  countenance  such 
practices.  From  Providence  we  rode  over  a  fine  plain  to 
Patuxet 

PATUXET 

Is  a  pretty  compact  place,  built  upon  a  small  river,  over  which 
is  a  very  good  bridge.  From  Patuxet  we  rode  through  a  long 
desert  country,  in  which  we  saw  but  a  very  few  people,  and 
they  almost  as  rough  as  the  trees.  In  riding  through  a  great 
W(K)d,  we  came,  at  length,  to  a  house  about  the  bigness  of  a 
hog-sty.  The  hut  abounded  in  children,  who  came  abroad 
to  stare  at  us  in  great  swarms,  but  were  clotbed  only  with  a 
piece  of  cloth  about  the  middle,  blacker  than  the  ground  on 
which  they  trod.  Miss  Nabby  began  to  wonder  that  the 
poor  creatures  did  not  wholly  abandon  themselves  to  sorrow 
and  despair,  but  I  told  her,  I  made  no  doubt  they  enjoyed 
themselves  as  much  in  their  savage  condition,  as  she  in  all  her 
elegance  and  plenty. 

We  spent  some  time,  as  we  rode  along,  in  reflecting  upoa 
the  unhappy  circumstances  of  these  people,  and  upon  the 
dillerent  genius  and  inclinations  of  the  humane  mind.  At 
li'iigth,  being  very  dry,  we  came  to  another  house,  where  we 
lit,  and  coining  in,  found  five  or  six  women  in  a  litth;  room 
without  any  floor,  cither  over  head  or  under  foot.  Two  or 
three  of  them  appeared  to  be  young.  One  of  the  yoiuig 
3 


18  FRONTIER      MI^SluNAUV;      oK,  [1754. 

wciichcH  iiuule  liastf  to  draw  u:<  mdiiu'  water,  while  aiu)tlicr 
made  search  for  a  ilrinking  ve!*«t'I,  and  the  last  gave  us  water 
in  an  old  broken  iniig,  ahno.nt  as  ancient  as  time,  of  which  we 
drank  very  ••paringly.  After  we  had  rode  a  few  miles  further, 
we  came  to  Major  StalVord's:  his  daughter  came  to  wait  upon 
u»,  (after  absconding  for  about  two  iniiuites,)  barefooted  and 
barehi:tr<-d,  with  a  fme  patch  and  a  silver  knot  on  her  head, 
with  a  hUulV  box  in  one  hand,  and  a  pinch  at  her  nose  in  the 
other.  She  afforjleil  abimdance  of  amusement  for  my  polite 
Ci)m|>anions,  which  stuck  by  us  longer  than  aiiythini,'  we  met 
with  in  our  journey.  This  StalVonl's  is  in  Warwick,  about 
fifty-seven  miles  from  lioston. 

\VAU\VI(K. 

A  poor,  but  old-settled  town,  something  populous,  on  the 
borders  of  Greenwich;  the  inhabitants  very  pr(»fane  ami  unpo- 
litc.  From  StatVortl's  we  proceeded  to  Wolcot's,  just  upon 
the  edge  of  Greenwich. 

At  Wolcot's,  where  we  pxit  uj)  in  the  evening,  wc  were 
iiuuh  interrupted  by  the  town's  people  coming  in,  cursing  and 
swearing,  and  drinking,  but  at  su|)pcr  time  we  had  a  room  by 
ourselves,  and  enjoyed  freedom  of  conversation,  which  turned 
chicflv  upon  the  atlairs  of  the  j)rcccding  day.  Our  supper 
atlorded  us  soiue  amusement,  it  i^cing  fried  chickens  and  cur- 
rant sauce,  sweetened  with  molasses;  but  nt)thing  so  much 
diverted  us  as  the  Major's  dau<,'htcr.  Observ(ili<m. —  Those 
people  who,  to  appearance,  live  the  most  mean  and  sordid 
lives,  .seem  to  enjoy  themselves,  and  to  take  as  mtiih  pleasure 
in  life  as  those  who  pass  away  their  time  in  the  most  elegant 
and  sumptuous  manner. 

July  11///.  This  day  arose  very  early  in  the  morning,  and, 
having  fitted  for  our  journey,  we  took  our  leave  of  Mr.  Wol- 
cot,  and  set  out  through  (ireenwich  ;  but  before  we  had  got  a 
mile  it  began  to  rain. 

f.HI.KN  WU'II 

Is  a  very  p»)pulou8  shire  town,  atid  built  com|)act  on  the  north 
side.     Here  is  one  Baptist  meeting-house  and  a  court-house, 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  19 

handsomely  erected.  A  little  to  the  .southward  of  the  town,  is 
a  road,  for  about  half  a  mile,  upon  a  high  ridge,  with  terrible 
valleys  on  both  sides.  We  rode  through  Greenwich  and  a 
part  of  North  Kingston,  over  a  prodigious  rocky  way,  about 
eight  miles,  while  rain  fell  in  impetuous  showers,  and  made  no 
stop  till  we  came  to  Thomas,  the  C^uaker's,  where  we  dried 
ourselves,  and  breakfasted  upon  tea.  We  found  here  the 
dirtiest  tavern-keeper  that  ever  was  made;  all  the  while  I 
stopped,  I  could  scarce  get  a  word  out  of  him.  After  we  had 
sulficiently  dried  our  things,  we  called  for  our  horses,  and  pro- 
ceeded on  our  journey  to  North  Kingston,  through  a  most  ter- 
rible rocky  country. 

NORTH   KINGSTON. 

A  very  scattering  town,  exceeding  stony,  but  very  fertile, 
abounding  in  grass  and  the  best  of  pasturage.  After  we  had 
got  to  South  Kingston,  we  came  to  the  foot  of  Tower  Hill ; 
the  ascent  to  the  top  is  very  easy,  though  from  the  first  rising 
it  is,  for  four  miles,  scarce  perceivable.  In  many  places  the 
country  on  each  side  afl'ords  a  most  beautiful  prospect.  The 
ascent,  within  a  mile  of  the  top,  grows  something  steep  and 
rough.  About  one  o'clock  we  reached  the  top  of  the  iiill, 
which  is  a  large  spacious  plain,  on  which  is  built  a  handsome 
town,  the  houses  exceeding  neat,  and  the  gardens  very  elegant. 

SOITH    KI.\(;STO\. 

The  whole  township  seems  to  contain  Tower  Hill,  which  is 
the  most  fertile  part  of  New  England.  It  is  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  Narragansct  country ;  the  compact  part  of 
the  town  is  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  about  ten  miles  from  New- 
port, the  metropolis  of  the  government.  The  descent  from  the 
town,  on  the  eastern  side  next  the  water,  is  very  steep,  but 
exceeding  pleasant,  diversified  with  little  fields,  grass  enclo- 
sures, and  artificial  groves.  Near  the  Presbyterian  meeting- 
house, which  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  jilace,  are  several 
large  and  elegant  buildings,  with  some  of  the  finest  gardens 
in  New  England.  The  people  here  live  in  better  jiosition 
than  in  most  parts  of  the  govermnent.  South  Kingston  is  a 
shire  town,  and  is  favored  with  the  presence  of  the  General 


20  IRONTIKR     missionary;     OR,  [1754. 

Asyt'iiililv  once  ill  two  Vfiir^.  Having  >^iiiii('(l  the  top  of  tlu' 
hill,  \v<'  put  u|)  ;it  \']<*\.  Case's.  Here  we  were  received  with 
the  uliiiost  civility  and  coinplai'^ance  ;  the  I-^sq.  came  out  him- 
self ami  welcomed  us  to  Tower  Hill,  led  us  into  one  of  l)is 
best  rooms,  and  served  us  out  wini-  with  his  own  hands.  Din- 
ner heini^  ready,  wc  sat  dt)wn,  and  had  everythini,'  in  the  best 
order,  with  the  most  genteel  attendance.  We  found  the  Escj. 
to  be  a  prodigious  loquacious  gentleman.  Among  the  rest  of 
his  discourses,  ho  told  us  that  all  the  gentlemen  that  travelled 
the  roail  from  South  Carolina  to  l*iscataqua,  had  heard  o(  his 
fame,  and  made  his  house  a  stage,  and  by  a  fi-w  subtle  hints, 
gave  us  to  understand  that  he  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
After  dinner  was  over,  we  rose  from  the  table,  he  clasped  his 
wife  round  the  necU  and  kissed  her,  and  going  into  our  room, 
he  entertained  us  with  a  long  relation  concerning  the  family 
of  the  Browns,  and  then  offered  to  wait  upon  us  down  to  the 
eastern  part  of  the  hill,  to  see  a  man  that  hung  there  in  gib- 
bets, but  we,  excusing  the  matter,  went  ourselves  to  the  bottom 
of  the  hill,  and  there  beheld  the  sorrowful  sight.  The  man 
had  been  there  three  years  already,  and  his  llesli  was  all  dried 
fast  to  his  bones,  and  was  as  black  as  an  African's.  The 
crimes  for  which  he  was  thus  exposed  were  robbery  and  mur- 
der. He  was  taken  in  the  southern  parts  of  Long  Island  with 
some  indisposition,  and  being  in  a  strange  place,  one  Jack.son, 
a  leather  merchant,  travelling  with  his  horse,  found  him  and 
took  pity  on  him,  and  being  on  his  way  to  Rhode  Island,  bore 
all  his  expenses,  and  treated  him  with  all  the  tenderness  of  a 
father,  for  near  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  till  he  arrived  at 
South  Kingston,  where,  being  together  about  the  dusk  of  the 
evening,  near  the  great  C^uaker  meeting-house,  he  took  up  a 
stone,  and  with  it  struck  liiiii  down.  .lackson  begged  his  life, 
and  that  he  might,  and  weh-oine,  take  all  his  wealth;  but  he 
cursed  and  then  fell  ii|ion  him,  and  in  a  few  minutes  made  full 
despatch  of  his  innocent  putron  ;  thus  we  have  at  once  an 
horrid  instance  of  ingratitude.  After  we  had  looked  at  the 
sorrowful  spectacle  a  long  time,  we  travelled  up  the  hill  with 
some  dilliculty.  Being  returned  to  Case's,  we  paid  our  reck- 
oning, and  set  out.      After  we  had  rode  about  a  mile,  wc  came 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     15AILEY.  21 

to  the  great  Quaker  meetiiif^-housc,  which  is  an  odd-built 
thing,  having  a  kitchen  and  chinniey  at  one  side.  Towards 
the  southern  part  of  Kingston,  we  came  to  a  hill,  over  which 
the  road  lay,  with  a  shocking  ledge  of  rocks.  With  much 
difliculty  we  passed  it,  and  continuing  our  journey  till  about 
the  dusk  of  the  evening,  we  arrived  at  Capt.  IliU's,  in  Charles- 
town,  after  a  very  tedious  day's  journey,  through  abundance 
of  wet  and  heat.  After  we  had  taken  in  our  things,  we  were 
entertained  all  the  evening  with  divers  stories  concerning  the 
adjacent  country,  by  Capt.  Hill's  son.  He  gave  us  an  insight 
into  the  laws  and  customs  of  the  government,  and  told  us  that 
the  natives  inhabited  those  parts,  to  the  number  of  five  or  six 
hundred,  and  that  their  king  was  a  young  man  about  eighteen 
years  of  age,  at  school  at  Newport.  The  place  where  we 
lodged  is  about  five  miles  from  the  place  where  the  great  Nar- 
raganset  battle  was  fought,  in  which  so  many  soldiers  expired. 

Julfj  l'2th.  This  morning,  about  daybreak,  it  rained  very 
hard.  We  arose  with  the  sun,  soon  after  which  it  cleared 
away,  and  looked  like  a  pleasant  day.  W^e  breakfasted  upon 
tea,  and  calling  for  our  horses,  set  out.  After  we  had  rode 
about  a  mile  and  a  half,  we  passed  by  the  Narraganset  king's 
house,  which  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  spacious  plain.  It  is  a 
building  two  stories  higli,  with  two  or  three  rooms  on  a  floor, 
but  of  late  it  is  miserably  fallen  to  ruin.  We  had  a  sight  of 
two  of  the  king's  sisters,  who  came  to  the  door  as  we  rode  by. 
We  still  continued  our  progress  through  the  Narraganset 
country,  till  we  came  to  the  borders  of  Westerly. 

CHARLESTOWN, 

Charlestown  lies  in  the  centre  of  the  Narraganset  country, 
in  the  place  where  the  great  battle  was  fought,  so  famous  in 
our  New  England  annals.  The  land  here,  for  several  miles 
near  the  sea-coast,  is  very  smooth  and  jjleasant.  Here  are 
some  of  the  finest  groves,  fields,  and  grass  enclosures,  of  any 
in  New  England.  W^e  rode  through  Westerly,  meeting  divers 
Indians,  till  we  came  to  Weeden's,  where  we  stopped  till  eleven. 
The  weather  being  very  hot,  our  horses  were  much  overcome, 


00 


inoNTiER     missionary;    on.  [1754. 


but  havinjT  refri'sluHl  both  tlirm  and  ourselves,  we  proceeded 
over  a  terrible  n»Mi,'li  and  uneven  way,  till  we  came  to  a  river, 
which  diviiles  Rhode  I>lan<l  !>.■>■.  Connecticut 

u  »:m  i.ju.v 
li*  the  most  we8t«*rn  town  in  Rhode  I-land,  and  is  a  miserablr. 
poor,   unpopulated    place,   having    nothin<^   in    it    but   wood- 
mountuins  and  rocks,  yet  near  the  separating  river  there  ar 
divers  pood  farms.     The  inhabitants  seem  to  be,  a  great  part 
of  them,  Indians.      After  w«'  had  passed  the  river  over  a  larji:*' 
bridg«',  we  came  into  Stonington.  up  ami  down  whose  rocky 
hills  we  rode,  till  eotning  to  a  great  tree,  we  .sal  awhih;  under 
its  shade  and   refreshed  ourselves,  after  which  we  proceeded 
several  miles,  till  at  length  Miss  Nabby  missed  h«T  capuchin. 
I   immediately  rode  back,  and  found  it  within  a  unW  of  tli 
place  where  we  first  missed  it.     After  we  had  rode  over  som 
of  the  most  frightful  hills,  so  that  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sist* 
were  obliged  to  alight  and  walk  on  foot,  and  so  steep  wer 
they  in  |)laces,  that  it  was   hardly  safe  riding  down   tipon    i 
single  horse,  having  gon(*  through  a  great  deal  of  dillieulty. 
we  came  to  Col.   Williams's.      Here  we  made  a  small  stop, 
and  though  almost  overcome  with  the  tediousness  of  our  jour- 
ney, we  left  the  tavern,  and  with  it   Stonington,  about  four 
o'clock. 

STONINtiTON 

Is  in  the  south-east  part  of  Connecticut.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Preston,  on  the  east  by  the  Narraganset  River,  on 
the  south  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  oi\  the  west  by  (Jroton. 
It  is  so  called,  from  the  great  abundance  t)f  stones  found  here. 
The  roads  here  were  formerly  almost  impassable,  but  by  reason 
of  their  being,  for  the  most  part,  movable,  it  continually  grow- 
better.  The  town  is  all  under  improvement,  and  divided  into 
stately  farms.  Here  are  four  large  parishes.  Having  got  into 
Stonington,  we  came  into  the  borders  of  (iroton,  of  all  places 
the  uiost  horrid  and  shocking.  Aft«'r  we  had  rode  about  four 
miles,  over  a  jjrodigious  coiUimiatibn  of  roeky  mountains,  wi 
ascended  upwards  for  some  time,  till  at  length  we  began  to 
descend,  and  came  to  a  smooth  place,  as  we  thought,  at  tlir 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     I3AILET.  'i-'i 

bottom  of  the  hill  over  which  we  rode;  but  coming  to  the  end, 
we  found  before  us  a  most  horrible  prccijiicc,  encumbered  on 
every  side  with  impenetrable  thickets.  The  road  we  had  to 
pass  was  excessive  steep,  over  one  entire  chain  of  rocks,  which 
descended  like  a  winding  pair  of  stairs,  having  the  steps  at  an 
enormous  distance  from  each  other.  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sister 
got  out  of  the  chair,  and  I  ilismonnted  for  their  assistance. 
Having  fastened  my  iiorsc,  one  look  lu)ld  of  the  chair  and  tlie 
other  of  the  horse,  and  with  a  vast  deal  of  trouble,  having 
foUowetl  the  |)ath  which  led  to  almost  every  ])oint  of  the  com- 
])ass,  we  came  to  the  bottom  in  safety;  but  bringing  down 
my  horse,  he  had  like  to  have  broken  his  neck.  After  this,  we 
rode  by  a  C^uaker  meeting-house,  then  by  a  Presbyterian,  and 
at  length,  about  half  after  eight  o'clock,  we  came  to  the  ferry, 
and  thus,  after  a  tedious  journey  of  four  days,  we  arrived  in 
New  London.  The  roads  were  so  excessively  bad,  that  we 
were  four  hours  and  a  half  in  riding  the  last  eight  miles.  It 
was  past  eleven  before  we  had  crossed  the  ferry  and  got  to  Mr. 
Winthroj)'s.  Mr.  Brown  and  his  sister  were  received  by  the 
whole  family  with  all  imaginable  expressions  of  joy  and  satis- 
faction.    After  supper,  we  betook  ourselves  to  repose. . 

GUOTOX. 

Groton,  the  last  town  through  which  we  jiassed,  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Norwich  and  Preston,  on  the  cast  by  Stoning- 
ton  and  Preston,  on  the  south  by  the  Atlantic,  on  the  west  by 
the  River  Thames,  which  divides  it  from  New  London.  It  is 
a  jirodigious  mountainous  place,  and  may  justly  be  reckoned 
to  exceed  all  others  on  account  of  rocks.  One  thing  remark- 
able here,  is  a  bridge  made  of  one  entire  stone.  Here  arc  \\vo 
Dissenting  meeting-houses,  one  Church,  ami  one  C^uakcr.  The 
inhabitants  live  very  scattering,  except  on  the  river,  where  is  a 
street,  comfortably  Ijuilt,  inhabited  by  Baileys.  The  peoj)le 
dilVer  exceedingly  in  religious  sentiments.  Mr.  Johnson,  one 
of  the  ministers,  records  in  his  parish  no  less  than  lifteen  dif- 
ferent religions. 

Observation. —  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  divers 
of  the  natives  of  the  country  in  their  own  proper  habits,  on 


24  FuoNTiiii    missionary;    or,  [1754. 

their  own  land,  and  in  the  exercise  of  thrir  pcrnliar  customs; 
and,  upon  the  whole,  one  may  ju.^tly  conthuh',  that  there  is  a 
great  analogy  between  them  and  the  people  in  the  first  ages  of 
mankind;  tho-^e  who  lived  in  the  golden  age,  so  much  extolled 
by  the  poet.««,  in  tht'ir  dress,  religion  and  manners,  were  very 
(timilar  to  our  Indian  neighbors. 

July  VMIi.  This  day  arose,  and  fmmd  myself  in  a  new 
country.  After  1  had  dre-sed  myself,  went  down  and  break- 
fasted with  Mr.  \\  inthrop,  his  lady,  and  .Madam  Hide,  to- 
gether with  our  own  company.  Then  Mr.  Brown  and  I  walked 
out  int«)  the  gar«len,  which  is  v«'ry  pleasant.  \  little  to  the 
uorlh  of  Mr.  Winthrop's  house,  is  a  fish  pond,  at  the  u[)per 
end  of  his  orchard,  from  which  a  canal  is  cut,  about  two  feet 
wide,  and  near  as  deep,  to  the  bottom  of  the  garden,  which 
lies  on  the  south  side  of  the  house,  so  that  this  delightful 
stream  falls  through  the  orchard,  house  and  garden;  at  the 
lower  end  of  which,  next  to  the  south,  stands  a  mill,  which  is 
carried  by  this  cascade.  The  garden  itself  is  beautifully  laid 
out,  and  abounds  with  a  variety  of  herbs,  fruits  and  llowers. 
After  I  had  a  view  of  all  the  works  round  the  house,  and  had 
some  conversation  with  Mr.  Winthrop,  I  concluded  to  pay  Mr. 
Jewett  a  visit.  Accordingly,  al)out  eleven  o'clock,  I  set  out, 
and  after  riding  ten  miles,  over  a  vast  number  of  holes  and 
rocky  mountains,  I  came  to  Mr.  Jewctt's,  where  I  was  very 
civilly  received.  Mr.  Jewett's  const)rt  lay  very  sick  of  the 
mumps,  or  some  other  strange  disorder.  She  had  this  after- 
noon two  doctors,  who  concluded  that  she  might  recover.  In 
the  afternoon,  .Mr.  .lewett  being  absent,  I  spent  a  great  deal  of 
time  in  walking  in  the  fields,  and  in  his  garden.  His  house 
stands  in  a  very  sightly  place  on  the  eastern  side.  \Ve  may 
see,  from  the  doors,  near  forty  miles  down  country.  Mr. 
Jewctt's  family  is  not  large.  He  has  one  son  and  one  daugh- 
ter, arid  a  negro  servant.  After  we  had  |)repared  for  bed,  we 
all  betook  ourselves  to  repos«'. 

July  Will.  This  day  being  Suntlay,  I  arose,  and  having 
breakfasted,  we  prepared  for  meeting.  At  about  eleven  o'clock 
we  rode  to  the  house  of  God,  where  I  had  an  oj)portunity  of 


1754.]  LIFE     OF     IlEV.     JACOB     B  A  ILLY,  25 

hearing  Mr.  Jowett  preach  for  tlie  fir.sl  time,  though  he  had 
often  preached  before  in  Rowley,  yet  I  always  happened  to  be 
absent.  After  meeting,  at  noon,  went  to  Es([.  Raymond's, 
where  I  found  Nathan  Jewett,  a  young  man  that  had  formerly 
been  at  Cambridge,  with  Rev.  Mr.  David  Jewett,  at  my  cham- 
ber. Here  I  met  with  a  great  deal  of  civility,  and  was  invited 
from  among  the  company  to  go  into  another  room,  where  I 
sat  down  and  refreshed  myself.  The  people  in  these  parts 
never  make  a  dinner  on  Sunday  between  meetings,  but  iiave 
a  feast  at  night. 

Ohscrvadon.  —  The  people  in  the  north  jiarisii  of  N(  vV  Lon- 
don aj)pear  to  be  eivil  and  courteous,  though  not  so  polite  as 
in  Boston.  They  are  not  so  showy  in  the  meeting-house  as 
in  iTiost  country  parishes  in  Boston  goverimicnt.  Some  of  the 
young  women  wear  hoops,  though  very  much  out  of  fashion. 
Their  clothes  are  commonly  good,  though  not  very  elegantly 
put  on.  The  greatest  part  of  the  men  wear  caps :  a  wig  is 
scarce  to  be  seen  in  the  whole  meeting-house.  Many  chil- 
dren wear  no  stockings  or  shoes. 

July  loth.  •  •  •  .  After  we  had  rode  several  miles, 
we  came  to  Paugwank,  or  North  Salem,  a  place  belonging 
entirely  to  my  class-mate.  Brown.  Here  we  saw  several  line 
fields  of  wheat  and  other  grain.  Here  are  thirty  tenants  to 
near  twelve  thousand  acres  of  land.  AViien  we  had  gotti'U 
out  of  Paugwank,  we  rode  through  a  thick  wood  in  the  edge 
of  East  Haddam,  till  we  came  to  Lyme.  The  first  house  we 
came  to  was  Capt.  Jewett's,  the  father  of  the  young  persons 
with  me.  As  soon  as  we  had  hung  (sic)  our  horses,  we  went 
in  where  the  people  were.  When  they  came  to  know  from 
whence  I  came,  they  treated  me  with  a  great  deal  of  courtesy 
ajid  kindness.  The  Capt.  gave  me  an  invitation  to  tarry  at 
his  house  as  long  as  I  pleased.  In  a  few  minutes  dinner  was 
made  ready  and  brought  in,  and  set  upon  a  long  table,  round 
which  the  whole  family  gathered,  both  white  and  black.  His 
family  consists  of  niru'  sons  and  one  daughter,  two  maids,  and 
five  to  six  negroes,  in  all,  sixteen  j)ersons.  After  dinner  I  w<'nt 
out  with  Mr.  Jewett  and  his  sons,  to  see  them  wt)rk  at  a  little 
distance  from  the  house.  Here  1  beheld  an  abundance  of 
4 


20  FRONT  UK     missionary;     OR,  [1754. 

good  land,  cU-antl  and  wrll  hnmtjlit  to,  iijioii  \v!ii(  h  grew  the 
finest  gTai»M,  wheat,  and  Indian  mrn,  I  liavr  »orn  anywiu're  this 
year,  yet  !*till  I  fan»icd  it  an  nrjplcasant  |)l;ur,  on  account  of 
itii  tx'ing  eneiunbtTfd  with  roiky  and  nioiintuinniis  bind,  anil 

having  not  above  two  houses  in  sight. 

Observation, —  I  am  greatly  astonished  when,  ii|)on  travel- 
ling, I  find  the  people  of  this  country  to  carry  their  resentnients 
against  each  other  so  high,  on  account  of  the  differing  senti- 
ments with  respect  to  a  few  unessential  modes  and  trilling 
circumstances  in  religious  worship,  at  the  same,  time  all,  of 
fvcry  persuasion,  indulge  in  a  custom,  not  only  notoriously 
indecent,  but  the  most  subvi-rsive  of  the  reverence  due  to  the 
(Jrand  Olijeet  of  adoration,  and  this  is  a  jjraetice  they  have  in 
all  their  assemhlii-s  of  persons  of  hoth  sexes  meeting  together, 
by  which  practice  they  utterly  overthrow  the  design  for  which 
religious  societies  were  established;  that  p(()j)le  should  make 
nnisic  vcK'al  only,  or  vocal  and  instrumental  together;  and 
that  they  should  imagine  the  reading  of  prayers,  or  the  pro- 
nouncing of  them  extempore  such  a  serious  matter  of  con- 
science, and  admit,  universally,  an  evil  from  which  so  many 
fatal  practices  flow,  to  be  practised  with  impunity  in  the  con- 
gregations. 

•  ••■••  • 

MOHEGAN. 

Jufi/  '22'1.  This  town  is  about  three  miles  square,  lying  in 
the  iiurth-east  rorner  of  New  London.  It  has  in  it  two  hun- 
dred or  three  hunilred  Indians,  who  live  in  almost  the  primitive 
mode,  and  many  of  them  cannot  sj)eak  a  word  of  Engiish. 
They  wear  a  dn-ss  the  most  savage  and  barbarous  that  ever  I 
saw.  The  Rev,  .Mr.  Jewctt  formerly  brought  them  to  his 
meeting,  but  the  separate  preachers  have  of  late  drawn  them 
away.  However,  Mr.  Jew«*tt  contiimes  to  instruct  them  once 
a  fortnight,  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion,  at  the 
public  Bchool-house,  where  they  have  a  master  to  teach  their 
children.     •       •      • 

As  an  instance  of  the  prodigious  plenty  in  these  parts,  the 
last  year,  I  shall  mention  a  short  story  my  landlord  told  me, 
vi/.. :   a  man  in  his  near  neighborhood,  having  buried  upwards 


1T5-4.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  27 

of  eighty  bushels  of  potatoes  last  fall,  made  proclamation  in 
the  spring,  that  if  any  person  would  be  at  the  trouble  of  dig- 
ging them  up,  he  should  have  them  all  for  his  reward,  but 
nobody  appeared  to  undertake  it,  which  is  not  only  an  instance 
of  great  plenty,  but  also  of  the  wealthy  circumstances  of  the 
people  in  town. 

WF.TMKRSFIKI.D. 

July  23c/.  This  paradise  is  seated  on  the  western  bank  of 
Connecticut  River,  on  an  extended  plain,  gradually  rising  from 
the  first  range  of  sc^uares,  and  reaching  two  or  three  miles  each 
way,  contains  a  vast  number  of  the  neatest  buildings  in 
America.  The  main  street  is  most  curiously  levelled,  and 
runs  from  north  to  south,  as  straiglit  as  a  mathematical  line, 
in  the  midst  of  which  is  a  meeting-house  of  the  oddest  form. 
On  the  eastern  side,  between  the  buildings,  and  among  a 
beautiful  range  of  orchards,  lay  a  ravishing  continuation  of 
gardens.  The  western  head  forms  the  front  of  several  most 
elegant  squares,  all  richly  occupied  with  gardens  and  little 
fields  of  onions.  But  it  is  impossible  for  my  tongue  to  utten 
or  my  pen  to  describe  the  beauties  of  this  place.  In  short,  the 
town,  by  reason  of  its  vast  variety  of  squares,  cut  into  most 
elegant  forms,  and  decorated  with  the  profusion  of  nature  and 
art,  the  neatness  and  beauty  of  its  edifices,  and,  lastly,  by 
reason  of  the  most  delightful  scenes  and  ravishing  prospects, 
opening  themselves  to  view  on  every  iiaiid,  may  well  be 
thought  to  equal,  if  not  to  exceed,  those  blooming  fields  wiiere 
the  first  and  only  happy  pair  of  humane  kind  confessed  the 
gentlest  passion,  and  united  in  the  softest  embrace." 

Mr.  Bailey  continued  his  journey  through  Hartford,  Spring- 
field and  Worcester,  to  Cambridge,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
27th  day  of  July.  His  journal  is  full  and  minute  to  the  day 
spoken  of,  but  enough,  perhaj)s,  has  been  already  extracted 
from  it. 

In  August  of  the  same  year,  Jacob  was  again  in  Ports- 
mouth, and  a  guest  of  Rev.  Mr.  Langdon.  Among  others,  he 
called  on  Mr.  Wiberd,  who,  at  his  leaving,  gave  him  "a  pair 
of  fine  worsted  stockings."     Afterwards,  calling  on  Mr.  Haven, 


28  KllONTIlK     missionary;     OR,  [1754. 

he  diiiril  with  liiin,  by  invitation.  ••  llr  tuuk  int-  into  his  stiuly, 
nnd  |)ri'sriit«'(l  int'  with  a  view  t)f  all  his  book?*,  and,  in  the  end, 
gave  me  three  volumes  in  (juarto." 

It  wotdd  .Heem  thut  greater  lihiTty,  in  jiorne  respects,  was 
allowed  to  j»tudents  in  Harvard  (\)lle^e  during  Mr.  Bailey's 
residence  there,  than  would  now  be  granted. 

"  Mai/  l.</,  \l'u\.  This  day  arrived  here  about  thrt-e  oVltuk, 
Mn«.  Page,  nnd  also  .Mrs.  Nabby  Thompson,  of  Mystie,  ami 
Mrs.  Solly  Cfen-k.  of  Ho'-liin,  who  cainf  first  to  my  (hambcr 
nnd  th«Mi  to  (Joodhue's,  where  wr  drank  tea;  after  which  \vc 
Went  into  the  library,  an<l  tlun  to  my  <hamber,  where  I  enter- 
tained them  witli  a  bowl  of  piuu  h.  'I'hen  (loodhue,  Powers 
and  I  waited  upon  them  baek  to  (Joodhue's  chamber,  and 
after  drinking,  conducted  them  to  their  chair,  and  there  left 
them." 

The  following  is  deemed  worthy  t)f  being  extracted: 

"  j\Vif/i»/r//,  Aiif^iist  11///,  17') 4.  This  day  being  Sunday,  we 
were,  very  early  in  the  morning,  called  upon  to  arise.  Upon 
coming  down,  we  foiuul  a  table  prepared,  and  everything  in 
order  for  drinking  t«>a.  After  breakfast  and  prayers,  we  mad»» 
ready  for  meeting,  which  began  about  ten  o'clock.  I  sat  this 
forenoon  in  (Rev.)  Mr.  Par-oii>'  pew,  it  being  the  second  high- 
est in  the  meeting-house.  'J'lie  next  to  ours  was  Dr.  Sayres', 
nnd  roimd  about  I  saw  several  persons  of  niy  acipiaintancj', 
who  came  to  me  after  meeting,  nnil  invited  !ne  to  their  habi- 
tations, but  being  pleasantly  tMigaged  with  Mr.  Parsons'  family, 
I  refused  their  kindness.  At  noon  we  drank  a  dish  of  tea 
again,  after  which  Jona.,  Sam.  and  I  retired  into  the  orchard, 
where  we  spent  the  time  in  too  much  jollity  for  the  season. 
In  the  afternoon  we  attended  public  wor.-hij>.  Here,  as  Mr. 
Parsons  was  urging  the  use  of  examination,  and  telling  the 
people  'that  some  could  not  endure  such  doctrine,  who,  though 
they  had  never  told  the  minister  of  it,  had  hinted  as  much  to 
others,'  u|)on  which  a  certain  fellow  starts  up  and  cries,  ♦  Sir, 
you  had  better  call  me  out  by  name;'  at  which  the  whole  con- 
gregation fell  into  laughter.  After  meeting,  we  nMurned  to 
Mr.  Parsons',  and  had  a  good  supper  in  rcailiness,  after  which 
I  had  some  disco\irse  witji   Mr.  Parsons  upon  divers  subjecfs, 


1754.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY. 


29 


but  more  especially  concerning  tiiose  rambling  preachers,  tha> 
have  dispersed  themselves  over  these  jiarts  of  the  country,  to 
the  great  disturbance  both  of  ministers  and  people.      Night 


[The  following  cut  is  a  view  of  the  mecting-housc  in  which  the  incident,  spoken  of  in 
the  preceding  page,  took  place. J 


'*'.s.««rttr.i.t 


NORTH   WEST  VIEW  OF  THE   FIRST  PRESBVTEKIAN   CHURCH, 
NK.WKURVrOIlT,    MASS., 
IN    WHICH    ARE    ntPOSITKll    THF.    REMAINS    OF 

REV.    GEORGE    WHITEFIELI). 

INCLUniNO    A    UISTANT  VIEW    OF    THE    HOUSE    IN    WHICH    HE  DIKIi. 


coming  on,  S.  Parsons,  Jonathan  and  I,  having  obtained  leave 
of  his  father,  took  a  ramble  through  the  town.  We  presently 
lit  with  N.  Parker  and  some  other  young  sparks,  who  joined 
themselves  to  our  clnb.  After  we  had  visited  several  streets 
and  lanes,  we  w^ent  into  D.  IJailey's,  where  we  tarried  a  few 


;iO  FllONTir.  R      MiSSKtNAKV;      (>K,  [1755. 

minutfs,  ami  in  ^'i»iii^'  iIdwii  lo  tin*  wattr,  we  Imd  tlu'  plrasurc 
of  scoing  Tho.H.  Hriull)ury  aiul  his  cousin,  Miss  Hetty  Noltou, 
who  iiivitfd  me  to  visit  thfin  tho  next  day.  Accordingly,  I 
engaged  to  breakfast  with  theni  the  next  morning,  and  so  left 
thenj,  after  which  we  returned,  through  several  streets  and 
lancH,  to  Mr.  Parsons'.  The  old  sir  and  his  lady  being  now 
gone  to  repose,  we  three  went  into  the  kitchen,  as  far  remote 
as  possible  from  the  intellig»-nce,  where  we  discoursed  a  long 
time  with  the  maid,  a  young  Scotch  girl.  \Vc  at  length  ar- 
rived at  such  a  degree  of  extravagance,  as  to  say  whatever 
came  uppermost.  About  twelve  or  one  o'clock,  the  old  lady 
arose  and  came  into  tin-  room  where  we  sat,  which  at  iirst 
gave  us  some  alarm,  but  liiiding  her  design  not  unfavorable, 
we  contented  ourselves  till  she  retired,  when  we  again  resumed 
our  merriment,  till  near  two  o'clock,  when  we  went  to  rest. 

oiisi;iiVATloNS. 

Observation  \. —  (luilty  persons  seldom  need  any  accuser 
but  their  own  conscience,  or  witnesses  beside  themselves  to 
declare  their  crimes.  He  must  be  endued  with  a  more  than 
common  share  of  imjnulence,  who  can  hear  the  aggravations 
of  his  guilt  displayed  witlu)ut  some  evident  tokens  of  regret 
in  his  countenance. 

O'jxcrcalian  '2. —  We  should  ever  be  cautious  of  exposing 
our  weakness  before  servants,  and  persons  of  low  stations  in 
life,  especially  if  we  have  any  regard  to  being  extensively 
useful." 

Mr.  Bailey  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1755. 
Among  his  classmates  were  .Ion\  Adams,  afterwards  President 
of  the  United  States;  .lolm  Wentworth,  who  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  J>L.  J).  from  the  I'niversitics  of  Oxford 
and  Aberdeen,  and  trom  Dartmouth  College,  was  royal  gover- 
nor of  the  province  of  New  Hampshire  and  of  Nova  Scolia, 
and  was  created  an  English  baronet  in  1790 ;  William  Hrownc 
and  David  Sewall,  both  t)f  whom  bi-came  judges  of  the 
suj)reme  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  former  afterwards 
royal  governor  of  Bermuda;  Tristram  Dalton,  U.  S.  Senator; 


1755.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  31 

Samuel  Locke,  S.  T.  D.,  President  of  Harvard  College  in 
1770  ;  Rev.  Wm.  Willard  Wheeler,  Missionary  of  the  Church 
of  England  at  Georgetown,  Me.;  Charles  Cashing,  Jonathan 
Bowman,  and  others. 

In  a  letter  to  his  parents  just  before  his  graduating,  he 
speaks  in  terms  of  warm  gratitude  of  the  interest  which  the 
Rev,  Mr.  Jewett  of  Rowley  had  taken  in  him.  He  says:  "  He 
not  only  instructed  me  for  this  society,  (i.  e.  Harvard  College,) 
but  has  since  been  almost  the  procuring  cause  of  all  my 
benefactions;  and  now,  whilst  in  Boston,  he  spared  no  pains 
to  advance  my  interests.  I  have  everything  of  clothing  for 
commencement,  but  only  a  pair  of  stockings  and  a  gown."'  • 

In  a  letter  to  'Rev.  Mr.  Jewett,  about  the  same  time,  he  ex- 
presses the  like  sentiments,  and  from  his  giving  Mr.  J.  a  state- 
ment of  the  amount  due  from  him  to  the  college,  it  is  probable 
that  he  expected  from  that  gerttleman  a  loan  of  the  sum 
necessary  to  discharge  this  debt. 


32  ruoNTir.R    missionaky;    ou,  [1755. 


(II  A  p'l'  i:  K   III. 

Tin:  iin|)ortanrr  wliicli  has  always  linn  attached  to  an  uni- 
versal system  of  education  in  New  Kngland,  is  well  known  to 
all  who  are  familiar  with  her  history. 

From  its  earliest  period  provision  has  been  made  by  law 
that  every  male'  child  should  have  the  oi)portunity  of  ae- 
quirinp  at  least  the  elements  of  learning  at  the  public  expense. 

This  provision,  of  course,  has  called  into  requisition  the 
services  of  many  persons  competent  to  teach.  And  as  the 
school  districts  were  of  necessity  small  in  area,  their  number 
was  far  greater  than  that  of  the  towns.  Till  of  late  years, 
school  teaching  has  not,  as  a  general  thing,  been  a  distinct 
profession. 

The  business  was  forimrly  followed  mainly  by  college 
studi-nts  of  small  lucans,  in  their  vacations,  or  by  graduates, 
who  finding  that  a  debt  remaineil  for  their  education,  taught 
school  in  order  to  earn  the  money  for  tlischarging  that  debt. 

The  profession  to  w  hieh  they  looked  was  at  the  end  of  their 
course  as  school-mast»rs,  and  their  continuance  in  this  em- 
ployment depended  entirely  on  the  length  of  time  necessary 
to  free  them  from  pecuniary  embarrassment. 

Mr.  Bailey  followed  this  course.  He  had  tried  it  during  his 
second  year  in  college,  but  from  the  short  time  in  which  he 
was  so  occupied,  it  would  seem  that  it  did  not  prove  as  prolit- 


•  It  M  believed  that  no  provision  w.-xs  mado  for  the  jxtblic  instruction  oi  femnlet  till 
in  the  Ultcr  half  of  the  la<it  century.  It  in  slated  that  females  were  not  admitted 
into  the  public  schools  in  Boston  till  the  yeir  17G"',  and  then  at  first  only  six  months 
by  way  of  cx,)«riment. — [IJarnum  Field's  statement  at  Teachers'  Convention,  Wor- 
cester, Mass.,  liVtO] 

Previous  to  the  year  I'iW,  boys  only  were  taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston. 
In  the  year  1789  measures  were  taken  for  "instructing  Ijolh  tcxci." — [The  Public 
SchooU  of  Doston,  Bo»lon  Almanac,  ItW'J,  pp.  83,  84. 


1755.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     n  A  1 1.  E  Y .  33 

able  as  perhaps  he  expected.  The  following  extracts  from  his 
journal  relate  to  this  matter. 

Jiowlei/,  Jan.  13///,  1753.  This  day  concluded  first  upon 
my  keeping  school.  The  young  men  to  find  wood,  and  the 
young  women  candles,  and  pay  besides  three  shillings  O.  T., 
per  week.  This  school  was  kept,  as  he  says,  in  the  first  place 
in  his  sister's  house,  and  was  afterwards  removed  to . 

Jan.  15.  The  number  of  those  who  put  themselves  under 
my  instructions  is,  males,  seventeen;  females,  ten;  total, 
twenty-seven. 

The  school  soon  terminated,  for  under  date  of  February  9th, 
he  says,  "  this  was  the  last  day  of  my  keeping  school  here." 

We  next  find  him  engaged  in  this  employment  shortly  after 
completing  his  college  course.  He  had  left  his  native  i)rovince 
and  was  in  that  of  New  Hampshire  before  August  of  this 
year,  discharging  the  duties  of  his  temporary  profession.  He 
thus  writes  to  a  friend  at  Cambridge : 

«  Kingston,  N.  II.,  Sept.  29th,  1755. 
"  To  Mr.  E.  Sparhau'h',  at  Cambridge : 

^^  Dear  Sir  : — My  lot  is  cast  in  a  solitary  region,  where  I 
have  no  amusement,  except  reflecting  on  that  pleasant  situa- 
tion I  enjoyed  a  few  weeks  ago.  I  call  it  solitary,  not  so 
much  for  want  of  company,  as  because  I  can  find  no  agreeable 
companions  in  the  place  where  I  reside. 

"  It  is  a  large  town,  consisting  of  three  parishes,  and  this 
has  no  less  than  three  hundred  and  sixty  houses.  My  school 
has  belonging  to  it  above  one  hundred  and  fifty  scholars, 
mostly  young. 

"  My  time  passes  away  uncheckend  with  variety.  I  liave 
no  scenes  of  novelty  to  amuse,  nor  changing  appearances  to 
entertain  my  fancy.  To-day  opens  the  same  prospect  with 
yesterday,  and  to-morrow  I  expect  nothing  new. 

"  I  feel,  however,  the  same  temper  towards  Mother  Harvard, 
which  the  Israelitish  Songster  had  towards  his  beloved  Jerusa- 
lem, when  seated  beside  the  waters  of  Babylon. 

"But  instead  of  rivers  or  purling  streams,  I  find  nothing 
5 


34  FUONTir.  U     MIsSIoNAKV;     OK,  [1756. 

cxcrpt  sta«^imting  pools  ami  (li-iii:il  .swamps;  instoad  of  wil- 
low grovrs,  the  usual  repose  and  ntrcat  of  iliseonsolate  lovers, 
I  Imvr  only  muijes  of  slingiry  lietnlock,  and  the  gloomy  shades 
of  l«)fiv  pin<'s.  As  to  a  harp,  nevrr  having  iisetl  one,  there  re- 
mains none,  either  Id  hang  M|),  or  to  lling  away.  Tlie  i)eople 
in  thfse  parts  have  no  very  miisical  ears,  so  that  an  iin- 
Harvunliniiiin  storv  will  serve  instead  of  a  song." 

A  letter  whieh  Mr.  HaiJey  atldressed  to  his  classmate,  John 
Adams,  dated  Kingston,  Dee.  "2\Hh,  \7ij-'),  brought  one  in  re- 
turn, of  whieh  a  fne  simile  is  here  given.* 

The  nature  and  amount  of  his  labors  at  this  tim<'  may  in- 
learned  from  an  extraet  of  a  letter  that  he  wrote,  dated  Jan. 
4th,  17.')(): — "That  you  may  have  some  conception  of  my 
ftituation,  I  must  endeavor  to  accpiaint  you  with  my  constant 
emplov.  From  nine  in  tin?  morning  to  the  hour  of  ten  in  the 
evening,  I  am  constantly  in  my  school,  except  two  hours,  viz., 
from  twelve  to  one,  and  from  live  to  six.  And  this  will  by  no 
means  appear  incredil)le,  if  you  only  con.sjder  the  nutnbcrs 
under  my  inspection. 

••  Mv  constant  attendants  in  the  day  are  fifty,  not  to  reckon 
divers  others,  who  come  and  go  as  the  weather  j^crmits  :  in 
the  evening  1  have  between  thirty  and  forty,  so  that  the  whoh 
number  of  my  scholars,  at  least,  arc  eighty-live.  I  have  three 
grammarians,  sixteen  arithmeticians,  and  thirty-two  writers." 

Shortly  after  this  Mr.  Bailey  writes  thus  to  a  friend  : 

"  Though  whole  forests  of  pine  and  hemlock  cover  this 
countrv,  and  oftentimes  disturb  our  senses  with  their  sooty  in- 
lluence,  yet  all  this  is  but  a  trifle,  compared  with  the  sooty 
conversation  which  fdls  every  ])rivatc  apartment,  as  well  as 
more  pulilie  places  of  resort.  Not  only  taverns  and  retailer-' 
shops  are  infected  with  the  most  poisonous  balderdash,  but 
even  the  temples  of  the  Most  High  an'  not  exempted. 

"  The  late  terrible  disi)ensations  of  iieaven  have  no  maiuior 


•  A  fac  simile  of  a  letter  from  John  Adams,  afterward*  President  of  the  Initcd 
States,  is  given  op|>o*ite.  This  letter  is  thus  superscribed:  "To  Mr.  Jacob  Uailey, 
Schoolmaster,  at  Kingston,  N.  Ilampsliire.     These." 


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1756.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAILEY.  .35 

of  cfl'ect  upon  them,  except  it  be  to  render  tliem  more  hardened 
and  vile.  Drinking,  Sabbath-breaking,  swearing,  and  im- 
modesty prevail,  and  what  will  be  the  event,  God  only  knows. 
•  •  •  I  must  tell  you  that  I  have  the  satisfaction  of 
finding  several  blooming  young  creatures  under  my  inspection, 
something  inclined  to  virtue  and  modesty,  but  alas,  I  must 
leave  these  dear  disciples  in  a  few  weeks,  and  I  am  afraid  that 
after  all  they  will  be  ruined  by  bad  example.'' 

Februari/  19///,  1756.  Concluded  his  keeping  school  at 
Kingston  for  the  present.  A  few  days  after  he  returned  to 
his  native  place.  While  there,  he  nicntions  that  one  "  night 
there  was  a  (religious)  meeting  at  my  father's."  He  adds,  by 
way  of  observation  :  "  Private  meetings  tend  greatly  to  keep 
up  the  life  and  spirit  of  religion  in  the  world,  if  managed  with 
prudenci;  and  discretion." 

Mr.  Bailey  returned  to  Kingston  and  opened  a  private  school 
on  the  1st  of  the  following  March,  which,  owing  to  some  cause 
unexplained  by  him,  terminated  in  about  two  weeks. 

He  then  made  a  visit  to  Cambridge,  and  says,  that  on  the 
19th  March  "  he  saw  the  story  of  C^ueen  Esther  and  Human 
acted  in  the  college  chapel." 

A  second  attempt  to  establish  a  private  school  in  his  native 
town,  seems  to  have  proved  ecpially  unsuccessful,  for  he  re- 
cords that  about  April  14  he  "set  up  a  small  private  school  in 
Rowley,"  and  about  a  month  afterwards  that  he  was  '•  out  of 
all  employ." 

On  a  journey  which  Mr.  Bailey  made  to  ]3ostoii  >honly 
after  this,  he  says,  "  it  was  our  fortune  to  fall  in  with  Sir  Wil- 
liam Pepperell,  a  familiar  gentleman,  with  whoru  we  had  no 
inconsiderable  diversion,  till  we  arrived  at  Ipswich,  at  which 
place  we  parted." 

"  On  the  16th  of  June,"  as  his  journal  states,  "there  was  a 
general  muster  through  the  j)rovince,  none  being  excused  upon 
any  occasion  from  making  their  appearance  in  the  fitld."' 

On  the  21st  of  the  same  month  Mr.  Bailey  went  to  Hamp- 
ton, N.  H.,  in  accordance  with  j)revious  arrangements  to  take 
charge  of  the  public  school  in  that  place.     He  says  :  "  About 


36  F  U  O  N  T  I  I ,  II      M  I  s  S  I< »  N  A  K  Y  ;     OR,  [1757. 

tlio  (lii-k  of  the  cvniiiii;,  I  was  visited  ^oon  after  my  arrival 
by  Doiiiinic  Weeks  and  the  ^eleetineii,  witli  wlioiii  1  had  a 
wearisome  eonfereiiee, 

^^  Jam  "-I'-ld.  This  day  lirst  eiiteri'd  into  my  school.  I  found 
a  vast  dilVerciicc  between  my  scholars  here  and  those  I  had  at 
Kincfston.  AlUTwards  he  writes:  "  My  situation  at  Hampton 
is  j)erfeetly  agreeable.  I  enjoy  all  the  satisfaction  and  delijL,'ht 
a  person  can  receive  from  objects  of  sense.  My  lodgings  are 
contiguous  to  the  great  road,  and  surrounded  with  a  variety  of 
entertaining  prospects,  I  am  favored  with  the  conversation  of 
scholars,  men  t)f  sense  and  learning,  and  when  the  genlh 
shadows  of  evening  approach,  a  company  of  easy,  ingenuous 
young  ladies  allord  us  their  j)leasing  society  to  walk  abroad 
into  the  streets  or  neighboring  fields  to  view  the  beauties  of 
nature.'' 

"////// 2(/.  This  day  begin  to  train  my  .scholars  in  military 
exercises.  1  propose  to  set  apart  every  Friday  afternoon  for 
spelling,  and  to  appoint  the  boy  who  remains  uppermost  after 
the  last  word  in  the  appropriated  portion,  captain,  and  the 
other  ollicers  successively  in  order.'' 

Some  evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  Mr.  Bailey's  ser- 
vices as  a  teacher  were  held  by  the  people  among  whom  ho 
now  was,  will  ajipear  in  the  fact,  that  when  he  had  been  with 
them  about  four  months,  and  was  solicited  to  n'Uiove  to  a 
neighl)oring  town,  the  citizens  of  Hampton  increased  his  yearly 
pay  XSO,  ().  T. 

The  following  was  evidently  intended  for  publication. 
AVhetluT  or  not  it  ever  appean-d  in  print,  is  not  known.  It  is, 
however,  thought  worthy  of  a  j)lace  here,  for  its  statement  of 
certain  |)ractices  prevailing  when  it  was  written,  and  also  for 
the  singular  theory  of  the  writer  as  to  their  cause. 

"Hampton,  Jan.  10th,  1757. 

"  To  Mr.  Foirlr,  Pithlis/icr  of  the  Xcm  Ilamjtshirc  Gazette  : 

'  Discite  non  temncrc  divos.' — Virgil. 

"  It  is  enough  to  fdl  a  considerate  mind  with  the  deepest 
horror,  to  sec  with  what  irreverence  and  inattention  many  peo- 


175!^.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  37 

pie  attend  sacred  worship ;  they  seem  to  rush  into  the  Divine 
presence  with  the  same  lightness  and  airy  appearance  they 
carry  to  shows  and  places  of  diversion  ;  even  in  their  addresses 
to  the  Supreme  Majesty  of  Heaven,  when  their  minds  ought 
to  be  filled  with  the  profoundest  solemnity  and  the  most  awful 
conceptions,  how  often  do  their  eyes  rove  unguarded,  and 
wander  from  one  gay  object  to  another,  till  their  hearts  become 
lost  to  all  serious  impressions,  till  some  pleasing  amusement 
steals  upon  the  fancy,  and  warmly  engages  all  their  devotion. 
"  I  shall  add  no  more  at  present,  but  refer  this  question  to 
the  judgment  of  sober-thinking  men,  whether  these  disorders 
do  not,  in  a  great  measure,  proceed  from  both  sexes  being 
permitted  to  mingle  in  our  public  assemblies  promiscuously?" 

In  April,  17-j:!<,  Mr.  Bailey's  labors,  as  a  teacher  at  Hampton, 
were  concluded.  The  following  is  entered  in  his  journal  at 
that  time  : 

"  April  Ist^  1758.  This  being  the  day  I  had  appointed  for 
any  of  my  scholars  who  had  an  inclination  to  pay  me  a  visit, 
I  had  my  study  almost  full  from  nine  o'clock  to  sunset,  during 
which  season  I  was  inspired  with  many  tender  sensations. 
The  little  creatures  who  had  been  so  long  under  my  instruction, 
were  exceedingly  moved  at  parting,  and  the  tokens  of  sorrow 
which  they  exhibited,  had  almost  the  same  effect  upon  me. 

Observation.  —  Nothing  gives  a  person,  I  believe,  a  more 
sensible  feeling,  than  a  separation  from  those  who  have,  upon 
every  occasion,  afforded  him  their  kind  instructions.'' 

In  speaking  of  a  female  acquaintance,  whose  disregard  to 
sacred  things,  and  even  violent  opposition  and  scoffmg,  had 
been  succeeded  by  a  lov(!  and  reverence  of  her  Maker,  an 
interest  in  the  spiritual  state  of  others,  and  an  "aversion  to 
all  kinds  of  immodesty  and  immoderation."  then  too  eonimon, 
Mr.  Bailey  observes:  "I  had  an  opportunity,  of  late,  to  take 
notice  of  the  Divine  power  in  iiilluencing  the  hearts  of  several, 
in  a  truly  wonderfid  and  surprising  iiianner,  which  plainly 
shows,  that  no  human  consideration  can  avail  against  the 
efficacious  operations  of  Heaven." 

What  were  the  motives  which  induced  him  to  leave  Hamp- 


38  F  RON  TIER     missionary;     OR,  [1758. 

toil,  wlirp',  In-  Miys.  Ill'  >p<Mt  nearly  t\v«t  \r:\T<  very  plfasaiitly, 
he  haA  not  .stated. 

Ni>r  art'  tlicrr  any  nicaiis  of  kimwiiij:,'  liow  lie  obtained  a 
priiot)!  in  ( Jjmuester,  .Ma«s.,  to  wliidi  |)laee  he  now  reinovcd, 
after  a  spaee  of  two  months,  in  uhidi  he  was  nnenipjoyed. 
His  first  impressions  mav  l>e  Irarnrd  from  the  followinj^  entry 
in  his  jonrnal : 

'^  April  10///,  17.')*^.  This  day  heini,'  Monday,  first  opened 
my  school,  but  foiind  ev«»rything  vastly  ditlerent  from  what  I 
had  bt'fore  been  accustomed  to  in  those  regions  of  rusticity 
where  I  hail  formerly  placed  my  abode.  The  scholars,  I  ob- 
served, began  to  use  every  method  to  impose  upon  me,  and  1 
presently  found  myself  in  a  very  mdiappy  situation,  on  account 
of  my  perfect  ignorance,  both  of  tlieir  characters  and  the  man- 
ner of  instruction  they  had  been  used  to  luider  former  mas- 
ters." 

After  havin;:  been  in  (Jloucester  nearly  two  iimnths,  Mr. 
Bailey  undertook  a  journey  to  Portsmouili,  and  lodged  with 
Col.  W<*eks,  in  Hampton.  The  next  day  he  went  on  to  the 
place  of  his  destination.  •  •  .  '•  It  being  Sunday,  we 
should  have  foimd  it  something  diliicult  to  travel,  had  n(^t  the 
smallpox  been  in  Hampton,  so  as  to  j)rcvcnt  the  use  of  their 
meeting-house.  •  •  We  reached  Portsmouth  just  as  the 
bells  Wire  ringing  for  one  (o'clock),  and  came  to  Col.  Warner'-. 
where  we  met  with  exceeding  hamlsome  treatment.  In  the 
afternoon  I  went  to  church,  but  was  so  overcome  with  the 
extreme  heat,  the  fatigues  of  the  journey,  and  the  want  of 
rest,  that  I  shoidd  have  certainly  fallen  asleep,  had  not  novelty 
kept  me  awake.  At  evening  I  returned  to  the  Colonel's,  and 
spent  some  time  in  conversation  with  Mrs.  Warner,  on  the 
ceremonies  of  the  clmreli."" 

The  next  day,  he  adds:  "I  went  to  the  printer's,  where  T 
engaged  him  to  print  a  little  book  for  children." 

On  the  fourth  of  the  same  month  we  find  iiim  at  Exeter, 
N.  H  ,  at  the  hou.'*e  of  Rev.  Mr.  Odlin,  where  the  association 
of  (Congregational)  ministers  were  assembled.  "  Here,"  says 
he,  "I  found  Mr.  Merrill,  .Mr.  Parker,  Pike,  and  others,  who 
came   with    ;in    expectation   of    h(>arincr   niy  approbation   dis- 


1758.]  LIFE     OF      RKV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  39 

course.  However,  it  was  with  the  greatest  dilliculty  I  was 
prevailexl  upon  to  overcome  my  bashful  humor  so  far  as  to 
read  my  discourse.  When  I  had  finished,  I  had  the  satisfac- 
tion to  find  it  well  received,  and  accordingly,  after  dinner,  they 
gave  me  an  approbation  to  preach  the  (Jospel.  O,  that  I  may 
be  improved  as  a  bh'ssing  to  mankind,  and  be  an  instrument 
of  advancing  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  I'' 

The  subject  of  this  Memoir  was  now  a  regular  ch-rgyman, 
according  to  the  rules  of  the  i)re(lominant  (h-noniinaiiou.  His 
labors  in  school  teaching,  during  the  three  years  since  iie  left 
college,  were  arduous  (as  we  have  seen)  and  almost  uninter- 
mitted.  Under  these  circumstances,  how  he  could  have  the 
opportunity  of  acquiring  any  large  amount  of  theological 
knowledge,  It  were  dillicult  to  tell.  Yet,  those  "having  au- 
thority," ill  his  and  their  view,  gave  him  ollicial  permission, 
publicly,  to  teach  and  preach  in  the  congregation.  They  must 
also  have  been  satisfied  of  his  personal  piety,  else  they  would 
hardly  have  consented  to  his  occuj)ying  a  position  in  which  he 
would  not  only  be  regarded  as  a  guide,  but  as  an  exam[)le  to 
others. 

'■'' July  Vd III.  Commencement  day  at  Harvard  College.  •  . 
About  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  meeting  began,  when  I 
had  to  ascend  the  rostriun  a  second  time,  and  to  dis|)ute  from 
this  (juestion :  Imperium  sive  hominibus  prorsus  neccssarium 
sit?" 

In  the  course  of  a  few  days,  Mr.  Bailey  again  visited  Ports- 
mouth. "  When  I  arrived,  about  sunset,  I  called  upon  Mr. 
Fowle,  where  I  found  the  little  book  printed,  which  I  had  pre- 
j)ared  for  children,  after  which  I  j)ut  up  at  Col.  Warner's,  and 
was  very  courteously  received  by  him  and  his  lady."  On  leav- 
ing this  hospitable  family,  he  received  "seven  louis  from  the 
Colonel,  and  to  the  value  of  as  many  pounds  iVt)m  his  ladv,to 
his  own  use." 

The  journeys  of  which  we  have  sj)oken  above,  did  not,  it 
would  seem,  interrupt  Mr.  liailey's  school  at  Gloucester,  which 
was  kept  for  him  by  a  friend  in  his  absence. 

It  certainly  appears  strange  to  our  present  ideas  of  ministe- 
rial conduct,  to  read  an  entry  in  which  he  records  that,  being 


40  1  HON  ill:  K     missionaky;     ou,  [1758. 

ill  ci)Hj|):iiiy  on  an  fvcniiii,'  in    \n"ii-t  .if  thi-;  yi-ar,  lie  "played 
several  gaiijes  of  enrds." 

On  anDtluT  journey,  tnnile  lo  New  Ilampsliire,  he  stopped 
at  Col.  Weeks'."*,  in  Hampton,  on  the  \''hU  of  August.  lie 
say*,  in  his  journal  of  that  date:  "  Mr.  IJraekett  tailed  at  the 
gate,  where  I  waiti-d  upon  him,  and  had  an  invitation  to  Ports- 
mouth, whieh  he  imai^ined  mi<^ht  hr  greatly  for  my  advantage, 
as  there  was  a  mission  vaeant  for  a  nnnister  of  the  Church  of 
Kngland.  'I'his  proposal  wonderfully  pleased  both  me  and 
Mr.  Weeks." 

'I'lie  next  day  found  Mr.  Bailey  in  Portsmouth,  at  the  house 
of  his  benefactor.  Col.  W.irner.  Dr.  Rrackett  interested  him- 
self in  the  matter  about  which  he  had  spoken  to  Mr.  Hailey  in 
Hampton.  IJut  it  would  seem  that,  at  |)resen't,  intpiiries  only 
could  be  made,  the  result  of  which  the  Dr.  promised  to  writ*- 
to  Mr.  Pailey,  after  the  return  of  th(!  latter  to  (Iloueester. 

Mr.  Bailey  did  not  fail,  however,  to  call  on  Col.  Weeks,  in 
Hampton,  on  his  homeward  journey  —  when  he  says:  "  I  re- 
lieved their  impatience  to  hear  of  my  success  at  Portsinouth." 
He  also  called  on  a  classmate  of  his,  in  Salisbury,  and  '*  ac- 
(juainted  him  with"   hi.s  "designs  of  visiting  England." 

On  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  being  in  Rowley,  he  says: 
'•  I  visited  my  parents,  where  I  found  my  Aunt  Bailey,  who 
all  cried  out  upon  me  when  I  discovered  my  resolutions  of 
visiting  London  for  orders ;  and  after  all,  1  fciind  it  extremely 
dilFicult,  with  all  the  arguiuents  I  coidd  use,  to  gain  them  over 
to  anv  favoraljle  sentiments  concerning  the  Church  of  I'iiig- 
land."" 

Mr.  Jiailey,  on  the  next  day,  resumed  his  occupation  of 
teaching  in   (doucester. 

"  October  '2ist.  This  day,  at  evening,  visited  Capt  Gibbs, 
and  acipiairjted  hitu  with  my  business  at  Portsmouth,  who 
seemed  much  pleased  at  the  prospect,  and  assured  me  that  he 
should  see  Mr.  Brown  shortly,  himself,  in  Boston,  when  he 
would  use  his  interest  in  my  behalf.'' 

Under  date  of  the  31st  of  the  same  month,  Mr.  Bailey  writes 
to  Dr.  Brackett,  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  who,  it  will  be  recol- 
lected, made  the  suggestion  to  him,  that  it  might  be  for  his 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     15  A I  LEY.  41 

interest  to  visit  the  latter  place.  Mr.  Bailey  refers  to  the  above 
conversation  with  Capt.  (Jibbs,  and  says,  that  wliile  he  engaged 
to  use  his  interest  with  Mr.  Brown,  he  "  imagines  it  proper,  in 
the  mean  time,  to  have  it  mentioned  to  some  gentlemen  in 
Portsmouth." 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  a  friend,  and  dated  (Jloucester,  Feb- 
ruary 26th,  17o9,  he  says  :  "  I  was  at  Ilamjiton  the  first  of  this 
month;"  and  afterwards,  in  the  same  letter:  "They  have  al- 
most made  a  Presbyterian  preacher  of  me  since  I  saw  you." 

It  is  dillicult  to  tell  to  what  this  statement  refers.  Mr. 
Bailey  had,  for  some  months,  been  made,  i.  e.,  "approbated" 
as  a  preacher,  by  a  Congregational  association.  Does  the 
above  refer  merely  to  a  change  of  relations  from  that  denomi- 
nation to  the  Presbyterian,  or  a  regular  ordination  as  a  Con- 
gregational minister?  And  had  this  anything  to  do  to  jirevent 
Mr.  Bailey's  intention  of  entering  the  Church  of  England  ? 
We  have  no  means  of  answering  these  (juestions. 

An  extract  on  page  40,  has  shown  that  the  general  ideas  of 
what  was  proper  in  ministerial  practice  were  not  od'ended  by 
clergymen  who  engaged  in  j)laying  cards,  and  the  subjoined 
extract  will  show  that  the  public  were  equally  tolerant  with 
reference  to  their  engaging  in  another  amusement,  as  much 
objectionable  to  our  modern  notions  of  propriety. 

"  Rowley^  May  SOt/i,  IToO.  Towards  evening,  the  actors 
came  together  at  Mrs.  Woodman's,  when  we  attempted  to 
perform  the  jilay  of  the  Scapin.     The  actors  were  :  — 

Oclarian,  ......  J.  IVmi.ky. 

Leander,  ....... . 

Gripe,       ....... . 

Thrifty,*  ......  . 

Scapin,     .  .  .  ...  .  . . 

.% . 

Shift . 

WOMEN. 

Clara,       .......  Toi.i.y  V. 

Lucia,       .......  Amklia. 


•The  gentleman  who  sust.iincd  this  character  became  .a  clcrgyiiLin  afterwarJn,  if, 
indeed,  he  was  not  one  at  this  time. 


42  FRONT  I  III     MISSIONAIIY;     Olt,  [1759. 

"  Afltr  taking,'  :i  ili-li  .u  .  i.  w.  .ill  toi^'cilier  walkt'd  down 
to  the  inPftin^-liDiisi',  ami  llioro  divcrtcil  ourselves  (ill  dusk. 
then  returiiini;,  we  had  an  agreeable  tlaiiee. 

*'  IliimptoH,  June  3</.  At  eii,'ht  o'eloek  I  went  down  to 
(R*'V.)  Mr.  Cotton's,  and  took  brt-akfast,  umh-r  the  most  pain- 
ful anxiety.  After  which,  I  resordd  to  the  great  chamber  and 
|)»'rusi-d  my  sermons,  viewini^,  at  the  saine  time,  with  a  pensivi 
duhii-ss,  those  surronndini;  seene.s  of  beauty  I  had  formerly. 
with  »o  much  pleasure,  wandered  through  ;  a  glorious  sun  had 
brightened  all  the  held-,  and  painteil  the  grass  witli  gohhii 
isplendors. 

"  When  the  bell  rung,  and  we  <ijtered  thr  meeting-hou!»e,  I 
ascended  the  pulpit  with  the  utmost  agitation  of  .«»pirit,  bn 
was  enal)le(l  to  go  through  the  exercise  with  greater  freedom 
than  I  expected.  At  noon,  I  had  some  compliments  passed 
upon  ujc,  which  were  a  little  disagreeable.  In  the  afternoon. 
j)reaehetl  from  this  text :  '  And  thou  Solomon,  my  son,'  et( . 
I  had  the  satisfaction  of  having  the  utmost  attention  g^iven. 
the  whole  congregation  appeared  serious,  and  when  1  came  !<• 
address  those  dear  young  creatures,  who  had  formerly  been 
under  my  instruction,  the  concern  which  became  visible  in 
their  countenances,  atVeeted  me  almost  beyond  measure.  AfttT 
mi'cting,  I  perceived  that  my  di.scourses  and  |)erformances  had 
been  greatly  to  the  acceptance  of  Mr.  Cotton.  When  family 
prayers  were  over,  I  walked  up  to  Col.  Weeks's.  Here  I  n- 
ccived  a  great  many  compliments  on  account  of  my  j)erform- 
ances.  tiood  heaven.s,  preserve  me  from  the  mighty  swellings 
of  pride !  " 

Being  in  Cambridge  on  the  lOlh  of  July,  Mr.  liailey  wn 
invited  to  preach  three  Sunday.s  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  whiili 
invitati«»n  he  accepted.  On  the  21st,  he  began  his  journey 
from  Gloucester,  and  reached  Plymouth  on  the  evening  of  tli 
22d.  "The  famous  Deacon  Foster  soon  |)aiil  us  a  visit,  but 
was,  I  j)i'rceivcd,  under  some  apj)rchensions  lest  I  should  be  a 
North  Shore  man.  an  ap|itllation  for  Arminians."  Mr.  Hail(\ 
preached  both,  parts  of  the  next  day  in  Plymouth,  and  left 
early  the  following  morning  for  (iloucester. 

The  following  Sunday  Mr.  Bailey  was  again  in  the  former 


1759.]  LIFE     OF      11 EV.     JACOB      UAILKY.  43 

town,  and  j)reachccl  all  day.  "  About  six  o'clock,"  lie  says  in  liis 
journal,  "  I  returned  to  my  lodgings,  and  re|)airing  to  my  cham- 
ber, endeavored  to  study,  but  was  prevented,  by  a  prodigious 
tumult  in  the  street.  I  looked  out  of  my  window,  which  faced 
the  great  street,  from  whence,  to  my  great  surprise,  I  beheld  a 
vast  number  of  boys  and  girls  diverting  themselves  in  the  most 
noisy  manner.  At  length  they  entered  a  ruinous  building  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  way,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  the 
day  and  part  of  the  evening,  in  playing  hide-and-go-seek.  This 
is  the  more  remarkable,  as  the  Plymouth  people  have  always 
been  most  zealous  pretenders  to  religion,  and  still  are  the 
greatest  sticklers  in  the  country  for  orthodoxy." 

Mr.  Bailey  fulfilled  his  agreement  by  j^reaching  the  third 
Sunday  in  Plymouth.  Mr.  Bailey  also  preached  in  "  Glouces- 
ter Old  Town,*'  March  2'")th  of  this  year,  and  at  Cape  Ann 
Harbor  the  19th  of  the  following  August,  as  apjiears  by  en- 
dorsements on  a  MS.  sermon  of  his,  still  in  existence. 

The  following  letter  needs  no  remark  : 

"  CiLorcESTini,  Sept.  24th,  1759. 
"  To  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  in  Boston: 

"  Rev.  Sir  :  —  I  take  this  opportunity  to  return  you  my  grate- 
ful acknowledgments  for  the  favor  you  have  done  me  in  lend- 
ing me  '  Potter  upon  Church  CJovernment.'  I  have  carefully 
perused  it  with  Bennet's  Abridgment,  and  find  all  the  objec- 
tions against  Episcopal  ordination  and  conformity  to  the 
Church  of  England,  answered  entirely  to  my  satisfaction.  I 
would  still  entreat  your  advice,  and  should  highly  esteem  the 
favor  of  receiving  from  you  any  further  directions.*' 

In  a  letter  of  the  same  date,  addressed  to  Dr.  Silvester  (Jar- 
diner,  at  Boston,  Mr.  Bailey  thanks  him  for  the  loan  of  his 
books,  which  had  proved  very  satisfactory  in  determining  his 
future  course. 

"You  will  have  an  opportunity,"  the  letter  jiroceeds  to  say, 
"of  conversing  with  Capt.  (Jibl)s,  whose  generous  notice  first 
recommended  mi*  to  gentlrmrn  of  your  persuasion.  And  if 
you  think  projier  to  encouragt;  my  |)r<H'eedings,  I  shall  imme- 
diately endeavor  after  pro[)er  testimonials." 


44  FRONTII'Il        M  I  ^s  I  <»  N  A  ).•  V   ;     oR,  [H-VJ. 

Mr.  H;iilcy  r«'tiinin«"(l  in  ( Jlonci'stcr  till  tlir  lUdi  of  Decem- 
ber, t»)  wliirli  (late  lie  |)r<)bahly  kept  .xeliool  in  that  place.* 

A  convenitiit   cpportunify  is  allonled,  in  this  stnge  of  hi 
hi.'»tory,  to  make  some  ohst-rvations  on  his  charaetrr  and  acts 
up  to  this  time. 

His  early  as.sociatiorjs  and  strn«;<^l»'s  have  l»cen   |)retty  full 
•spoken  of.  |)ririeipally  in  hi^  own  lanmia«^e. 

Social  distinctions  were  mnch  morf  stron<,'Iy  marked  a  cen- 
tury since  in    .\r\v   England   than   now.      Kven  down  to  tin 
Revolution,  (as  the  writer  is  informed,  by  i^ood  authority.)  tin 
names  of  the  members  in  the  classes  in  the  <'atalo«^u<'  of  Har- 
vard CoUege  were  arrani»ed  accordini^  to  the  social  rank  of  tli 
parents  or  putirtlians  of  the  stnch-nts. 

INIr.   Bailey's  narm*  stands  Itist  in  the  class  of   17-')''k      Hi 
father  was  a  farmer,  a  callintj  now  considered  as  rcspectal«i 
as   most    occupations,   but    then    |)laccd    ]»clo\v   many   other  , 
which   at  the    present    time  (Id    not,  of  necessity,  confer   aiu 
marks  of  distinction. 

liiil  when  Mr.  H.iiley  became  a  college  student,  he  was  at 
oDcc  admitted  to  the  society  of  those  who  would  not  ha'.  • 
noticed  him  as  "a  tiller  of  the  soil." 

Thus  we  have  seen  him.  in  his  sophomore  year,  the  guc- 
of  the  reverend  clerijy  Jind  of  lawyers  of  distinction;  noticed, 
on  more  tlian  one  occasion,  by  Sir  William  Peppcrell,  and 
invited  to  visit  that  baronet;  and  ilininij  with  the  father  of  his 
classmate,  .John  Wentworth,  the  father  then  holding  the  otli' 
of  Royal  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  which  was  afterward- 
conferred  upon  the  son,  who  graduated  in  the  same  class  with 
the  subject  of  our  sketch. 

Mr.  Hailey  deserves  the  credit  of  so  dischar^ini,'  his  duties 
during  the  four  years  that  he  taught  iti  dilVerent  |>laces,  that 
the  thoughts  of  his  faithftdness  must  have  been  a  satisfaction 
to  him  durin:,'  the  whole  of  his  after  life.  Those  of  his  jour- 
nals and  letter-books  that  remain,  afVord  abundant  evidence  of 
his  interest,  not  tMily  in  the  intellectual  j^rogress  of  his  scholar-. 


*  Ink  letter,  wriitrn  many  year*  nrtrrtrards,  he  says  that  he  "kept  the  Grammar 
School  at  Cape  Ann  Harbor  fur  about  two  years." 


17of).]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  45 

but  also  in  Ihcir  mannors  and  morals.  To  read  tlioin,  one 
would  suppose  that  he  was  eugagcul  iu  a  ])usiness  to  which  he 
had  devoted  his  life,  and  the  labors  in  whi(  h  were  rewarded 
with  abundance  of  honor  and  profit. 

Many  letters  to  his  female  scholars  are  jjrcservcd.  The 
mere  fact  that  the  master  would  write  to  his  pupils,  must  then 
have  be<'n  considered  as  a  remarkable  condescension.  These 
letters  are  not  mere  didactic  compositions,  excellent  in  them- 
selves, but  from  their  form  not  lil<i'ly  to  be  interesting  to  youth, 
but  ihey  show  a  wonderful  degree  of  ingenuity,  in  their  adap- 
tation to  those  to  whom  they  were  addressed.  Some  of  them 
contain  stories  of  considerable  length,  whose  object  is  to  show 
th<^  misery  in  whicii  wickedness  results,  and  especially  some 
forms  of  wickedn(^ss  jiecniiar  to  the  time,  and  but  lightly  re- 
garded. A  |)ul)lication  of  tiiese  writings  would  do  honor  to 
the  head  and  heart  of  their  author. 

The  schoolmaster  also  tried  to  refine  the  minds  of  his  female 
scholars,  by  lending  them  such  books  as  he  thought  conducive 
to  that  end.  And  from  the  mention  he  makes  of  his  reading 
to  them  the  works  of  suitable  writers,  it  is  fair  to  infer  that  his 
conversation  with  them  was  frecpiently  of  a  higher  character 
than  that  which  at  that  time  often  marked  the  interc(mrse  of 
parties  in  similar  relations. 

It  is  not  intended  here  to  speak  in  detail  of  the  religious 
character  of  that  portion  of  the  last  century,  which  is  now 
under  notice.  ]?ut  it  is  confidently  Ixlieved  iliat  the  piety  of 
Mr.  Bailey  was  as  deep  and  genuine  as  that  of  most  other 
church  nienil)«'rs  and  ministers  of  the  time.  That  a  religious 
man,  and  more  than  all,  a  minister,  should  in  these,  our  days, 
play  cards,  engage  in  private  theatricals,  drink  wine  and  punch, 
and  occasionally  dance,  would  destroy  his  inlluence,  and  sub- 
ject hiu)  to  discipline.  Hut  the  very  fact  that  the.se  things 
were  then  done  vithout  any  concrahnent,  and  with  no  ap|)arent 
consciousness  of  their  impropriety,  shows,  in  the  absence  of 
all  other  |)roof,  that  public  opinion  on  thes(>  matters,  was  dif- 
ferent then.  And  we  have  other  evidence  to  satisfy  us  that 
this  view  is  correct.  At  this  time  it  must  be  remembered  that 
Mr.    Bailey   preached   for    Orthodox   ministers  and   congrega- 


46  ru()NTii:u    M  I  >  ^  1  ()  N  A  K  Y  ;    OK,  [17o9. 

tioiis,  ami  no  txifpiioii  was  lakni  tn  pnuliccs  which  must 
have  bfcii  kiinwii. 

Thf  IMyiMouth  dracon  ''  was  uiidfr  stdiir  apprrhensions, 
k'st  Mr.  Haih  V  ^;houhl  he  u  North  Shore  man,  an  apjulhition 
for  Arminians;"  hut  the  time  had  not  thin  arrived  for  inipiir- 
ihi;  thf  ministrr's  viows  on  Total  Abstinence;  bein^'  satislied 
whether  lie  knew  how  many  cards  there  were  in  a  pack,  or 
knowing  whether  he  had  ever  worn  the  sock  or  buskin.  These 
were  evidently  trivial  thin«^s  in  the  eyes  of  that  generation. 
That  the  latter  part  of  the  Lord's  day  should  be  desecrated  l)y 
the  noise  and  sjjorts  of  chililreii  in  the  public  street,  and  near 
Forefathers'  Rock,  "  frii^hli-ncd  not  the  town  from  iis  pro- 
priety." rimrch  members  ami  ollicers  weri'  too  much  intent 
on  meta|)hysical  (piestions,  to  concern  themselves  nnich  with 
the  works  l)y  which,  as  the  Scriptures  assure  us,  a  true  faith 
may  be  discerned. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  one  of  tht^  many  who  hijvc  l(;ft  the  ministry 
of  the  dillcrcnt  denominations,  and  entered  that  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  his  motives. 
Unfortunately,  however,  the  series  of  his  journals  and  letter- 
books  at  this  time  is  broken,  Conld  these  missing  documents 
be  recovered,  much  light  might  be  siieil  on  this  change.  We 
learn,  from  those  that  remain,  that  it  was  not  till  nearly  three 
years  after  he  had  gradiiati-d,  that  he  cVer  attended  the  services 
of  the  Church  of  England,'  for  he  speaks  of  the  "novelty"  of 
what  he  witnessed  in  the  chm-ch  at  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  and 
that  this  novelty  previ-ntcd  his  falling  asleep  from  the  com- 
bined effects  of  the  heat,  fatigue,  and  want  of  rest.  His  con- 
versations with  Mr.  Warni'r  and  Dr.  Hrackett,  of  that  place, 
doubtless  had  some  cllcct.  lb-  had  interviews  with  the 
Rev.  Arthur  Brown,  Rector  of  (.Queen's  Chapel.  bVom 
what  we  can  learn,  however,  the  inllucncir  and  (exertions  of 
Capt.  or  l'iS(j.  (Jihljs,  of  (iloueester.  Were  luost  ellicacious  in 
di'termining  .Mr.  Hailcy  to  change  his  religious  relations.  In 
several   |)arts   of   his  journal    this   gentleman   is   sjjoken   of  in 


•  Till'  corner  stimc  (if  C'liri.st  Churi'h,  f'.im))ri<lgc,  .Mass.,  w.is  not  laid  till  ITC,  five 
years  after  Mr.  Bailc}'  graduated  at  Harvard  College. 


1759.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  47 


terms  of  warm  approbation.  Mr.  Bailey  records  liis  firj^t 
meeting  with  liiin  in  tin-  following  words  : 

"  April  20//!,  17'J8.  Tlii.-^  evening  had  an  interview  with 
Es(i.  Giibbs/  who  behaved  towards  me  with  a  degree  of  com- 
plaisance I  had  always  been  unaccustomed  to,  though,  I  must 
acknowledge,  I  have  had  my  share  even  of  extraordinary  ca- 
resses from  several  persons,  who  have  been  in  exalted  stations. 
I  was  pleased  with  this  gentleman's  aversion  to  rusticity  and 
profiineness." 

Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  Rev.  Mr.  Caner,  then  Rector  of  King's 
Chapel,  in  13oston,  has  been  given  in  full,  and  also  extracts 
from  his  letter  to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  at  tiiat  time  senior 
warden  of  the  same  church.  Both  these  gentlemen  loaned 
books  to  tlie  subject  of  this  Memoir,  and  undoul)tedly  had 
conversations  with  him  ow  the  subject  of  the  Church.  Jieyond 
what  has  been  mentioned,  the  materials  for  knowing  the  pro- 
gress and  means  of  the  change  in  his  religious  opinions,  do 
not  now  exist.  But  it  is  the  candid  belief  of  the  writer,  that 
Mr.  Baih^y  was  qualified  to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  minister 
to  any  Orthodox  congregation  over  which  he  might  be  called 
to  settle. 


*  The  writer  of  this  Memoir  has  been  able  to  obtain  but  scanty  information  respect- 
ing tlie  gentleman  spoken  of.  The  following  was  politely  communicated  by  John  J 
Babson,  Esq.,  in  a  letter,  dated  Gloucester,  May  IGth,  18.51 : 

"  I  can  only,  at  the  present  moment,  say  a  word  of  Mr.  Gibbs.  Of  him  all  my 
knowledge  may  be  expressed  in  a  very  few  words.  He  first  appears  in  Gloucester  on 
the  occasion  of  his  marriage,  November  30,  1727,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Thomas  San- 
ders, a  shipwright,  who  lived  an  obscure  life  here,  but  whose  descendants,  for  three  or 
four  generations,  emerged  into  considerable  notice.     «  »  •  «  • 

"  Mr.  Gibbs  was  a  merchant  in  good  standing,  taking  little  part,  I  suppose,  in  town 
affairs,  as  I  do  not  find  his  name  often  mentioned  in  connection  with  any  public  busi- 
ness. 

"  No  children  are  recorded  to  him,  and,  I  think,  there  is  no  doubt  that  his  marriage 
was  unjjroductive  of  issue. 

"  Mr.  Gibbs  is  one  of  the  few  whose  death  is  given  by  our  Town  Clerk,  in  office  at 
his  decease:  — '  Daniel  Gibbs,  Esi].,  died  March  21st,  1702,  in  the  Gist  year  of  his  age." 
'Mrs.  Mary  Gibbs,  wife  of  Daniel  Gibb»,  Estj.,  died  January  17lh,  17C9,  in  the  60th 
year  of  her  age.'  " 


48  FltONTlLK     M  ISS  KKN  A  K  V   ;      OK,  [17j9. 


("II  \  I'T  i:r  I  \ . 

Mn.  Haii,i:v  left  (iloiU'cstiT,  for  Boston,  on  the  lJ3ili  Dtctiiibfr, 
17'')H.  As  lie  walked  tlir  whole  (listaiice,  he  was  oblitjetl  to 
sto|)  one  ni^lit  on  the  road.  He  hulked  at  Norwood's  tavern. 
in  Lynn.  Speaking'  of  the  eonipany  whieh  he  Anind  there. 
he  ^^ays :  "We  had  arnontj  us  a  .soldier  helonginf.^  to  C'api. 
Ilazen's  company  of  ran^er^,  who  deelare<l  that  several  l*'rt  iieh- 
iTien  were  barbarously  murdered  by  them,  after  (piarters  wer<' 
given,  and  the  villain  added,  I  suppo.se  to  show  his  import- 
ance, that  he  'split  the  head  of  one  asunder,  after  he  fell  on 
}iis  knees  to  im|)lore  mercy.'  A  specimen  of  New  Kni^Iand 
clemency  I 

'■'■  Decnnl>cr  Wlli.  This  mornin:;  we  arose  with  the  dawning 
lisjht.  and  travelled  on  towards  Boston.  The  wind  blew  from 
the  N.  \\  .,  and  the  weather  was  excessive  et)ld.  1  presently 
found  myself  unable  to  proceed  on  my  journey,  whieh  Mr.  D. 
observing,  he  was  so  kind  as  to  let  me  riile  to  the  fc-rr),  whi! 
lie  travelled  on  foot. 

"  The  sun  had  l)een  risen  about  an  hour  when  we  arrived  at 
\\inuisiinmet,  but  it  was  almost  ten  before  we  made  Boston. 
•  •  •  I  then  proceeded  to  Dr.  (Silvester)  (lardiner's,  l)ut, 
to  my  sorrow,  found  him  very  sick,  and  in  such  a  situation 
that  he  could  not  be  spoken  with.  This  put  me  under  a  great 
disadvantagi',  as  thi"  ship,  1  was  informeil,  would  infallibly  sail 
within  a  few  days.  1  perceived,  however,  that  the  Dr.  took 
iiotiee  of  my  allairs  in  the  intervals  of  iiis  disorder.  His  son, 
Jeremy,  was  heartily  disposed  to  promote  my  interest,  and 
engaged  to  see  my  business  settled  to  my  content.  •  .  \\\ 
the  afternoon  I  visited  (Rev,)  Mr.  C'aner,  who  advised  me  to 
proceed  immediately  to  Cambridge,  fur  proper  testimonial 
from  the  President  and  I-'ellows  of  th(^  college,  especially  with 
regard  to  my  conduct  while  I  was  a  member  of  that  society. 


1759.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  49 

"  Dccrmber  15lh.  About  ten  o'clock  I  arrived  at  college, 
and  entered  those  walls,  where  I  had  formerly  resided  with  so 
much  satisfaction.  *  *  I  waited  ujion  the  President.*  He 
kindly  invited  me  into  a  parlor,  and  behaved  towards  me  in  a 
genteel  and  obliging  manner,  not  only  before,  but  after  1  liad 
manifested  my  request.  When  I  desired  some  testimonials  of 
my  moral  conduct  at  college,  he  answered  with  mildness,  and 
told  me  that  a  diploma  would  be  the  most  advantageous  thing 
I  could  possibly  carry  from  that  society,  and  added,  that  it 
should  cost  me  nothing  for  the  seal.  I  thanked  him,  and  re- 
turned to  college,  after  which  a  freshman  waited  upon  me 
with  a  copy  of  a  diploma.  #  *  *  About  three  o'clock  I 
waited  again  upon  the  President,  who  behaved  towards  me 
not  only  with  incivility,  but  a  kind  of  barbarous  roughness. 
Notwithstanding  the  weather  was  extreme  cold,  he  caused  me 
to  tarry  in  an  outer  kitchen  for  near  half  an  hour,  without  any 
fire  to  mitigate  the  prevailing  severity,  and  finally  refused  to 
give  me  any  testimonials,  although  it  was  well  known  that  I 
was  never  punished  for  tiie  breach  of  any  college  laws.  He, 
however,  signed  my  diploma,  and  sent  me  to  the  gentlemen  of 
the  corporation  for  the  like  favor. 

"  About  six  o'clock  I  waited  upon  Mr.  Caner,  and  was  con- 
strained to  give  him  the  disagreeable  news  of  my  unsuccessful 
journey  to  Cambridge.  Upon  which  he  declared,  with  some 
emotion,  that  all  my  afiairs  were  entirely  confounded,  and  that 
it  would  be  next  to  impossible  for  me  to  act  with  success. 
This  afforded  me  a  great  deal  of  uneasiness,  till  he  informed 
m«'  that  he  had  drawn  my  recommendatory  letters  to  the  so- 
ciety and  his  lordship,  the  Bishop  of  London;  and  now,  says 
he,  if  you  can  prevail  upon  the  ministers  of  this  town  to  sign 
these  letters,  you  may  jjossibly  succeed,  but  if  they  refuse, 
nothing  further  can  be  done. 

"  These  discouragements  whetted  my  industry,  and  made 
me  careful  to  lose  no  tiin(\  I  prt)ceeded  directly  to  Dr.  Cut- 
ler, who  readily  put  his  name  to  the  papers,  as  did  likewise 
I\Ir.  Troutbrtrk,  to  my  great  satisfaction. 

•  Rev.  Edward  Holyokc,  A.  M. 


50  F  no N T 1 1: II    M  I  s s  I  (> N  A  u  V  ;    o  u ,        [1 7G0. 

"  Dtccinhi  r  1<»///.  'I'liis  diiy  lH'in<^  Sunday,  wrnt  ti)  Clirist 
Cliurrh.  Diiu-d  wiili  Dr.  Cutler.  •  •  la  tlic  fveniiij^, 
waited  upon  .Mr.  t'aner,  where  I  found  .Mr.  A|)tlu)r|),  who  did 
me  the  fav;)r  of  signing  my  letters.  I  wa.s  Tery  much  ph'a.>*ed 
with  hi.«<  eoMversiitioM,  and  that  modesty  he  discovereil  in  pro- 
po.>»iiig  hi.s  sentiments. 

''  Drccmhcr  17///.  Called,  in  the  evening,  np<»n  l^irsou 
Hooper,*  who  behaved  towards  me  with  a  great  deal  of  com- 
plaisance. .\fter  looking  over  my  testimonials,  he  declared 
them  suflicient,  hut,  nevertheless,  refused  to  set  his  name  to 
my  reeonunendatory  letters,  objecting,  that  Mr.  Caner  liad 
drawn  them  up  without  suflicient  caution. 

•  •••«• 

''  Drrrmher  2[sl.  Tliis  day,  attended  prayers,  and  dined 
with  Mr.  Caner.  This  gentleman  has,  upon  every  occasion, 
shown  me  an  infmite  deal  of  kindness.  May  Heaven  prosjier 
all  my  benefactors  I         ..... 

*^  December  2(M/i.  This  morning,  waited  upon  Mr.  I'axon, 
who  engaged  to  use  his  interest  with  the  commander  of  the 
Hind  in  my  l)ehalf,  for  a  jiassagc  to  England. 

•  •«••• 

'■'•  January  Gth,  17G0.  This  morning,  early,  received  orders 
from  Capt.  Bond,  to  wait  ui)on  him  the  next  day  at  his  lodg- 
ings. After  church,  went  into  .Mr.  Caner's,  and  tarrieil  till 
dinner,  but  having  received  an  invitation  from  Mr.  I'axon,  I 
waited  U|)on  him,  was  politely  received,  introduced  into  a  line 
parlor  among  several  ai^'rceable  gentlemen.  I  found  here  the 
famous  Kit  Minot,  .Mr.  Mr  Kensie,  and  «>iir  .Mr.  Stuart,  a  j)retty 
young  gentleman.  I  observed  that  our  com|)any,  though 
chiclly  upon  the  gay  order,  distinguished  the  day  by  a  kind 
of  reverent  decorum.  Our  conversation  was  modest  and  per- 
fectly innocent,  and  I  scarce  remember  my  ever  being  in  any 
company  where  I  could  behave  with  greater  freedom.  After 
attending  divine  service  at  Trinity  Church,  and  hearing  a 
sermon  by  Rev.  .Mr.  Hooper,  1  waited  upon  Mr.  Caner,  and 
received  from  his  own  hands  into  my  custody,  tlvose  letters  of 

*  Kcv.  William  Iloopcr,  Hector  of  Trinity  Chuich,  Boston. 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  ol 

recommendation  which  lie  had  jireparcd  to  liis  graee  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  his  h)rdship  Uie  Bi?hop  of  London,  and 
the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts. 

•  •  •  k  •  • 

^^  January  10th.  •  ♦  Towards  evening  the  boat  appeared. 
In  the  boat's  crew  I  discovered  a  young  man,  whose  appear- 
ance and  behavior  pleased  me  more  than  all  I  had  seen.  I 
immediately  applied  to  him  for  advice,  and  he  courteously 
answered,  that  it  was  my  best  way  to  go  directly  on  board. 
Accordingly,  the  boat  was  loosed  in  a  few  minutes,  and  I 
found  myself  floating  upon  the  water.  In  our  way  to  the 
ship  we  met  Capt.  Bond  in  a  small  schooner,  returning  towards 
tiie  shore.  He  desired  me,  with  all  the  insolence  of  power,  to 
step  into  the  schooner,  while  he  entered  the  boat  and  proceeded 
to  land.  The  wind  blowing  strong,  it  was  some  time  before 
we  could  get  on  board  the  ship.  At  length,  with  dilliculty,  I 
clambered  up  the  sides,  and  found  myself  in  the  midst  of  a 
most  horrid  confusion.  The  deck  was  crowded  full  of  men, 
and  the  boatswain's  shrill  whistle,  with  the  swearing  and  hal- 
looing of  the  petty  olllcers,  almost  stunned  my  ears.  I  could 
find  no  retreat  from  this  dismal  hubbub,  but  was  obliged  to 
continue  jostling  among  the  crowd  above  an  hour,  before  I 
could  find  anybody  at  leisure  to  direct  me.  At  last,  Mr.  Let- 
terman,  the  captain's  steward,  an  honest  Prussian,  perceiving 
my  disorder,  introduced  me  through  the  steerage  to  the  lieu- 
tenant. I  found  him  sitting  in  the  great  cabin.  lie  ap|)eared 
to  be  a  young  man,  scarce  twenty  years  of  age,  and  had  in  his 
countenance  some  indications  of  mildness,  Uj)on  my  en- 
trance, he  assumed  a  most  important  look,  and  with  a  big 
voice  demanded  to  know  my  riMpicst.  I  informed  him  that  I 
was  a  passenger  on  board  the  Hind,  by  the  permission  of  Capt. 
Hond,  and  desired  that  he  would  be  civil  enough  to  direct  me 
to  the  place  of  my  destination.  He  replied,  in  this  laconic 
style :  *  Sir,  I  will  take  care  to  speak  to  one  of  my  mates.' 
This  was  all  the  notice,  at  present,  from  these  great  nothings. 
But,  hapj)ily,  on  my  return  from  the  cabin,  I  found  my  chest 
and  bedding  carefully  stowed  away  in  the  steerage.     In  the 


52  FRONTii.  K     missionary;     or,  [171)0. 

mean  time,  the  .-mj>  \n.i-  ihuu.m.m  .1,  aiul  \vr  f«ll  gently  down 
to  N:uitaMket, 

"  The  cohl  was  extreme  at  this  season,  the  wind  blowing  hard 
from  the  n(»rth-west,  and  what  added  va.stly  to  njy  alilieti<»ii, 
was  the  tlisagreeable  eonversation  around  me.  I  spent  an 
hour  in  walking  und«*r  the  half-deek,  during  which  time  I  ob- 
served a  yoimg  gentleman  at  a  distance,  walking,  with  a  pi  ii- 
sive  air  in  his  et)untfnanee.  Coming  near  him,  he  advamed 
forward,  and  in  a  etJurteous  mann<'r  invited  me  down  between 
deck.**,  t(»  a  place  lu-  called  his  berth.  I  thanked  him  for  liis 
kindness,  antl  readily  followed  him  down  a  ladder  into  a  dark 
and  dismal  region,  where  the  fumes  of  pitch,  bilge  water,  and 
other  kinds  of  nastiness  almost  suffocated  me  in  -a  minute. 
We  had  not  prt)ceeded  far  before  we  entered  a  small  apart- 
ment, hung  round  with  damp  and  greasy  canvas,  which  made, 
on  every  hand,  a  most  gloomy  and  frightful  appearance,  but  a 
little  superior,  in  my  imagination,  to  the  infernal  abodes,  where 
darkness  and  horror  remain  unmolested.  In  the  middle  stood 
a  table  of  pine,  varnished  over  with  nasty  slime,  furnished 
with  a  bottle  of  rum  and  an  old  tin  mug,  with  an  hundreil 
and  fifty  bruises  and  several  holi's,  through  which  the  liipior 
poured  in  as  many  streams.  This  was  quickly  filled  with 
toddy,  and  as  sj)eedily  emptied  by  two  or  three  con)p;uiions, 
who  presently  joined  us  in  this  doleful  retreat.  Not  all  the 
scenes  of  horror  about  us  could  afford  me  much  dismay,  till  I 
received  the  news  that  this  detestable  apartment  was  allotted 
by  the  ca|)tain  to  l)c  the  place  of  my  habitation  during  the 
voyage  I  I  endeavored  to  soothe  the  melancholy  ideas  that 
began  to  intrude  upon  my  mind,  by  considering  that  I  should, 
through  the  permission  of  a  favorable  Providence,  shortly  be 
in  brighter  regions. 

"  Our  eomi)any  continually  increased,  when  the  most  shock- 
ing oaths  and  curses  resounded  from  every  corner,  some  load- 
ing tlu'ir  neighbors  with  bitter  execrations,  while  others  uttered 
imprecations  too  awfid  to  be  recorde<l.  The  persons  present 
were:  first,  the  captain's  clerk,  the  young  fellow  who  gav«'  mc 
the   invitation.      He  was  born   in    Northampton,  about  sixty 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  53 

miles  from  London,  and  was  educated  to  the  stationery  em- 
ployment. I  found  him  a  person  of  considerable  reading  and 
observation,  who  had  fled  his  native  country  on  account  of  a 
young  lady  to  whom  he  was  engaged ;  but  his  parents,  for  cer- 
tain reasons,  appeared  so  violently  against  the  match,  that  he 
was  prevented  from  marrying.  He  would  sometimes  get 
drunk',  and  at  other  times  behave  in  a  most  unaccountable 
manner.  Second:  Another  was  one  John  Tuzz,  a  midship- 
man, and  one  of  my  messmates;  he  proved  a  good-natured, 
honest  fellow,  was  apt  to  blunder  in  his  conversation,  but  too 
frequently  gave  it  a  dash  of  extravagant  profaneness.  Third  : 
Another  of  my  messmates,  named  Butler,  was  a  ministers 
son,  who  lived  near  Worcester,  in  England.  I  lis  mother  was 
a  Bailey,  and  himself  a  descendant  from  Butler,  the  author  of 
Hudibras.  He  appeared  to  be  a  man  of  fine  sense,  considera- 
ble breeding,  a  stiff  Jacobite  ;  his  language,  upon  all  occasions, 
was  extremely  profane  and  immodest,  yet  nobody  seemed  a 
greater  admirer  of  delicacy  in  women  than  himself.  My  fourth 
com|)anion  was  one  Spears,  one  of  the  mates,  a  most  obliging, 
ingenious  young  gentleman  ;  he  informed  me  that  the  captain 
had  recommended  me  to  hini,  and  that  he  should  endeavor  to 
make  tiie  passage  as  agreeable  as  j)ossible,  and  accordingly  he 
tn.'atcd  me,  upon  every  occasion,  with  uncommon  civility  and 
kindness,  and  was  as  tender  of  me  in  my  cruel  sic':ness,  as  if 
he  had  l)een  a  brother,  and  what  I  most  valued  him  for,  was 
his  aversion  to  swearing  and  obscenity.  Fifth :  One  of  our 
company,  this  evening,  was  the  carj)enter  of  the  ship.  He 
looked  like  a  country  farmer,  drank  excessively,  swore  roundly, 
and  talked  extravagantly.  Sixth:  Anotjier  was  one  Shephard, 
an  Irish  midshipman,  the  greatest  champion  of  profaneness 
that  ever  fell  under  my  notice.  The  sacred  name,  at  every 
word,  was  uttered  with  the  strongest  emphasis,  and  I  scarce 
ever  knew  him  to  ojicn  his  mouth  without  roaring  out  a  tu- 
multuous volley  of  stormy  oaths  and  iMipr<-(:itit)ns.  After  we 
had  passed  away  an  hour  or  two  together,  Mr.  Lisle,  the  lieu- 
tenant of  marines,  joined  our  company,  lie  appeared  about 
fifty  years  old,  of  a  gigantic  stature,  and  quickly  distinguished 


54  FRONT  1 1. R    missionary;    or,  [1760: 

lum.Hflf  by  ihf  iiuaiititirs  of  licinor  li-'  poiind  down  liis  throat. 
IK"  also  was  very  profanr. 

"  About  iiinr  o'clork  the  coiii|)aiiy  bi-^an  t()  think  of  supper, 
when  a  boy  was  eullod  into  the  room.  Nothing'  in  human 
-hape  dill  I  ever  see  before  so  loathsome  and  nasty.  He  had 
on  his  body  a  fnigment  only  of  a  check  shirt,  Ijis  bosom  was 
all  naked  and  greasy,  over  his  shoulders  hun;^  a  bundle  of 
woollen  raijs,  which  reached  in  strings  almost  down  to  his  feet, 
:in<l  the  whole  composition  was  curiously  adorned  with  little 
-hinini,'  animals.  The  boy  no  sooner  made  his  appeanince, 
than  one  of  our  society  accosted  him  in  this  gentle  lani,'Ma«^e  : 
'  Go,  you  •  •  rascal,  and  sec  whether  lobscouse  is  ready.' 
T'p«)n  this  the  fellow  began  to  mutter  and  scratch  his  head, 
l)Ut  after  two  or  three  hearty  curses,  went  for  the  galley,  and 
j)resently  n-turned  with  an  cltgant  dish,  which  he  placed  on 
tin*  table.  It  was  a  comi)(»sition  of  beef  and  onions,  bread 
and  pi>tatoes,  minced  and  stewed  together,  then  served  up 
with  its  broth,  in  a  wooden  tub,  the  half  of  a  (piarter  cask. 
The  table  was  furnished  with  two  pewter  plates,  the  half  of 
one  was  melted  away,  and  the  other,  full  of  holes,  was  more 
weather-beaten  than  the  sides  of  the  ship;  one  knife  with  a 
bone  handle,  one  fork  with  a  broken  tine,  half  a  metal  spoon, 
and  another,  taken  at  (.Quebec,  with  part  of  the  bowl  cut  ofT. 
AVhen  sup|)er  was  ended,  the  company  continued  their  exercise 
of  drinking,  swearing  and  carousing,  till  half  an  hour  after 
two,  when  some  of  these  obliging  gentlemen  made  a  motion 
for  my  taking  some  repose.  Accordingly,  a  row  of  greasy 
canvas  bags,  hanging  overhead  by  the  beams,  were  unlashed. 
Into  one  of  them  it  was  proposed  I  should  get,  in  order  to 
sleep,  but  it  was  with  the  utmost  dilHcidty  I  j)rcvented  myself 
from  falling  over  on  the  other  side.  Here  I  endeavored  to 
compose  myself,  but  ha<l  no  rest  this  night,  except  a  few  un- 
easy snatches, 

^^  January  11///.  In  the  morning  I  awoke  with  ion  thousand 
dismal  a|)prehensions  ringing  in  my  cars,  which  gave  me  a  very 
melancht)ly  idea  of  my  present  situation,  but  being  sensible 
that  I  must,  for  some  time,  endure  it,  I  arose  and  put  on  as 


17G0.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  55 

much  cheerfulness  as  possible.  We  expected  to  sail  every 
minute,  till  evening,  when,  the  wind  becoining  unfair,  we  were 
obliged  to  continue  still  at  anchor. 

^^  January  12th.  This  day  began  to  reconcile  myself,  in  some 
measure,  to  my  new  method  of  living.  Nothing  remarkable 
happened,  except  that  the  ca|)tain  and  oHiccrs  endeavored  to 
conceal  a  negro  servant,  belonging  to  Capt.  Ellis,  of  Beverly, 
but  Mr.  Kllis,  understanding  his  business,  recovered  his  servant 
by  authority. 

"  Towards  evening,  several  passengers  came  on  hoard,  viz. : 
Mr.  Barons,  late  Collector,  Major  Grant,  Mr.  Baron's  footman? 
and  Mrs.  Cruthers,  the  purser's  wife,  a  native  of  New  England. 
After  some  considerable  dispute,  I  had  my  lodgings  fixed  in 
Mr.  Pearson's  berth,  where  Master  Robant,  Mr.  Baron's  man, 
and  I,  agreed  to  lie  together  in  one  large  hammock. 

"As  the  Sabbath  approached,  I  crilieally  observed  the  beha- 
vior of  our  people,  but  found  not  the  least  respect  paid  to  the 
approaching  season  by  one  person  on  board. 

^'January  Villi,  {Sunday.)  This  day  spent  in  a  very  dis- 
agreeable and  scandalous  manner,  without  any  kind  of  divine 
worship.  Our  people,  instead  of  keeping  the  Sabbath  dav 
holy,  passed  it  away  either  in  diversions  or  quarrels.  • 
This  evening  the  barge  returned  from  a  cruise  to  one  of 
the  neighboring  islands,  when  Mr.  Glover,  the  lieutenant,  and 
Mr.  Pearson,  gave  an  account  of  the  following  adventure. 
They  came  to  a  house  where  lived  a  man,  who,  in  our  country 
dialect,  is  called  a  substantial  farmer;  he  had  several  prettv 
young  daughters,  whom  he  had  taken  great  pains  to  educate. 
They  could  not  only  read  and  write,  but  understood  letters  to 
a  considerable  degree  of  perfection.  Every  lady  admired  their 
innocence,  modesty,  and  decent  behavior,  but  the  neii/liborinii 
youths,  in  general,  imagined  themselves  too  inferior  to  uller 
their  addresses  to  these  excellent  virgins.  Mr.  (Jlt)\cr  and 
Mr.  Pearson,  however,  had  the  happiness,  by  means  of  laced 
clothes,  and  loud,  rattling  oaths  and  imprecations,  to  get  intro- 
duced to  their  company.  They  followed  their  suit  with  all 
expedition,  and,  in  less  than  two  clays,  seduced  and  ruined  a 
cou{)le  of  fine  creatures,  the  one  about  sixteen,  the  other  about 


56  FRONTIER   missionary;    ort,  [17G0. 

ciphtoi'ii  yi'iir^  oid.  'I  riat  tni"  \\:i>  n-.illy  Iriu',  the  following 
nccidi'iit  tlinroviTrd.  As  Mr.  I'fursoii  was  takin*^  somcthiii'^ 
out  of  his  pockt't-book,  he  dropped  a  pa|)«r  that  I  i«u>k  iij)  and 
read,  which  was  qs  follows:  — 

"*I)kar  Sir: — 'T  is  with  the  utmost  reprot  I  am  forced  to 
part  with  yt'ii,  and  shall  have  many  a  sorrowfid  hour  till  you 
rettjrn. 

• '  I  rannot  think  yon  will  <v»t  he  so  cruel  as  to  forget  on 
who  has  sacrilici-d  my  Innocenci',  and,  I  fear,  my  hajipinc<s,  to 
yotir  pleasure, 

•  •  I'ray  let  me  hear  from  you  before  you  sail. 

"'  I  am,  sir,  vours  forever, 

"'S.M.I.V.'" 

J'ive  days  passed,  after  the  events  recorded  in  the  last  ex- 
tract, and  found  the  fleet  still  at  anchor  in  Nantasket  Roads. 

'■' Jd/iiiari/  \9t/i.  This  morning,  almost  before  daylight  aj)- 
pcared,  I  awoke  with  the  clangor  of  tnuupets  and  the  noise 
of  whistles,  and  tin-  bustling  of  all  hands  upon  deck,  l)y  which 
I  perceived  that  the  ship  was,  at  last,  luuuooring,  and  that  wi- 
were  preparing  to  sail.  This  instantly  drove  me  from  my 
repose,  upon  the  cpiarter-deck,  where  I  found  a  most  serene 
and  pleasant  morning.  In  less  than  an  hour,  the  whole  fleet 
was  under  sail,  and  enjoyed  a  gentle  breeze  tijl  we  had  sailed 
some  leagues  to  the  eastward  of  the  lighthouse.  Our  fleet 
consisted  of  seven  sail,  vi/. :  the  Hind,  a  twenty-gun  ship,  the 
ISIaria,  the  Ruby,  the  Molly,  the  CJenoa  Packet,  the  Galley, 
and  the  St.  I'aiil.  I  stood  with  a  melancholy  feeling,  to  see 
the  New  JCngland  shores  grow  further  and  further  distant,  till 
the  tops  of  till!  mountains,  and,  at  last,  the  whole  country. 
entirely  disappeared.  The  wind  cpiickly  died  away,  and  ii 
was  perfectly  calm  for  an  hour  or  two,  which  gave  us  some 
fearful  a|>prehensions,  but  towards  evening  it  sprang  up  a  little 
to  the  eastward  of  south.  It  blew  fresh,  and  we  were  obliged 
to  keep  the  shij)  close  hauled  to  the  wind,  which  caused  a 
great  motit)n,  and  I  presently  was  ol)liged  to  rej>air  to  my 
hammock,  extremely  sick,  and  so  continued  all  night.'' 


1760.]  LtFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  57 

The  daily  occurrences  of  tlie  voyage  are  related  with  more 
or  less  minuteness.  Mr.  Bailey  mentions  several  acts  of  kind- 
ness and  attention  to  him  on  the  part  of  the  petty  ollieers  of 
the  ship,  but  which  were,  nevertheless,  accompanied  with 
much  that  was  unpleasant  and  repulsive.  Thus,  they  with 
whom  he  dined,  by  invitation,  one  day,  "tried  to  tempt  him 
into  some  fashionable  excesses,  and  as  the  accjuaintance  in- 
creased, were  perpetually  criticising  his  conversation.''  On 
one  occasion  he  dined  with  the  doctor  of  the  ship,  who  did 
not  hesitate  to  express  Deistical,  and  even  Atheistical,  opinions. 

He  states,  in  his  journal,  after  he  had  been  at  sea  a  few 
days,  that  "at  this  season  I  was  much  etnaciated  with  sick- 
ness, and  oftentimes  not  less  disconcerted  at  the  abominable 
profaneness  (hat  everywhere  prevailed,  more  especially  in  the 
apartment  to  which  T  had  the  misfortune  to  be  confined." 

The  following  is  gladly  inserted,  as  it  makes  the  captain  of 
the  ship  appear  in  a  more  amiable  light  than  previously:  "  I 
cannot  help  taking  notice  of  the  kindness  of  our  captain  to 
me,  whicli,  though  conferred  with  a  good  deal  of  insolence, 
yet  was  exceedingly  comfortable  to  me  in  my  reduced  condi- 
tion, since  he  ordered  his  servant  to  send  me  something  every 
day  from  his  table." 

After  a  terrific  storm,*  which  nearly  proved  the  destruction 
of  the  ship  and  all  on  board  of  her,  their  cars  were  saluted,  on 
the  morning  of  Feb.  IGth,  with  the  joyful  cry  of  land!  "  Such 
was  my  satisfaction,''  says  our  voyager,  "at  the  sight  of  the 
British  shores,  which  I  had  so  long  sighed  for  in  my  native 
country,  that  I  could  not  forbi-ar  shedding  tears  upon  the  occa- 
sion. •  •  Exactly  at  twelve  o'clock  we  came  to  anchor 
between  St  Helens  and  Spiihcad,  it  being  completely,  to  an 
hour,  twenty-eight  days,  from  the  time  we  weighed  anchor  at 
Nantasket  The  next  day,  (Sunday,)  about  eleven  o'clock,  the 
barge  was  hoisted  out,  and  the  captain,  with  Mr.  Barons  and 


•  Mr.  Biiilry  subscrjucntly  speaks,  in  hi«  journal,  of  the  accounts  which  the  news- 
papers contained,  of  the  disasters  occasioned  by  this  storm.  The  Hind  was  signal- 
ized by  the  Ilamilics,  a  ninety-gun  ship,  on  the  IJtli  inst.  That  very  night,  tliis  ship 
was  shipwrecked,  and  of  a  crew  of  seven  hundred  and  thirty-four  persons,  only  twenty- 
five  escaped  with  their  lives. 


58  FRONTIEH       MISSIONAIiV;     (>U.  [17(^)0. 

his  ;itt«iiilant.«*,  wen*  pn'pnrini,'  to  l:iii(l  at  I'ort.^^tnDinli,  \vlii'n 
I  rrquf.xtril  K*avr  of  t»ur  haughty  tDimiiaiKlcr  to  visit  the  shore 
but  he  rrturncil  me  answer,  with  all  tin-  insolmce  of  tyramis. 
that  '  I  must  wait  for  the  n'turii  of  the  boat.'  This  ilisap- 
poiiitment  raised  my  spirits  to  a  prodigious  degree,  but  I  was 
constrained  to  vent  my  disappointment  in  silence.  I  took. 
however,  a  social  tlinner  with  the  doctor,  the  purser,  and  hi» 
agreeable  consort,  after  whieh,  ISIr.  .Major,  a  young  gentleman 
who  had  conveyeil  his  chest  on  board  the  Hind,  but  was  disap- 
pointed of  a  passage,  joined  our  company.  Towards  evening 
he  was  disposed  to  n-turn  towards  l\)rtsmouth,  and  having  a 
large  boat  alongside,  I  recpiested  the  favor  of  accompany ini; 
him  to  the  shore,  whieh  he  readily  granted.  Having  taken  n 
leave  of  all  friends  in  the  ship,  I  left  it  with  the  greatest  satis- 
faction, but  not  without  a  strong  inclination  of  seeing  again 
those  who  had  been  companions  in  so  many  dangers.  In  our 
way  to  the  harbor,  we  passed  by  a  vast  number  of  siiips,  either 
lying  at  anchor,  or  getting  under  sail.  In  less  than  half  an 
hour  we  landed  on  the  strand,  in  Portsmouth,  which  was 
covered  with  a  great  multitude  of  people,  chielly  boys  atid 
servants,  at  their  several  diversions.  This  opened  to  me  a 
new  scene,  ami  quickly  made  me  sensible  that  I  was  in  a 
country  dilVcrent  from  New  England.  The  gentleman  wli 
cauie  on  shore  with  me  was  a  stranger  to  the  city  as  well  a~ 
myself,  which  occasioned  me  a  great  deal  of  imeasy  confusion, 
since  I  was  not  acquainted  wiili  any  living  person.  Wliile  I 
stood  staring  around  me  in  the  wildest  disorder,  a  young  lad 
came  down  to  the  water,  and  ollered  to  carry  my  chest  to  any 
place  1  should  direct,  1.  in  a  moment,  recollected  that  il 
might  be  proper  to  have  it  re|)osited  in  sonu*  wagon-house,  till 
it  could  be  conveyed  up  to  London.  Accordingly,  he  put  it 
down  at  the  Blue  Anchor,  where  I  was  informed  that  it  would 
be  put  into  the  wagon  the  next  morning." 

One  of  the  ollicers  of  the  Hind  hail  given  Mr.  IJailcy  a  let- 
ter of  introduction  to  a  lady  who  kept  a  boarding-house  in 
Portsnu)uth,  and  immediately  on  his  arrival  there,  he  set  out 
in  search  of  her  dwelling.  He  rambled  through  the  streets, 
inquiring  of  many  |)crsons  where  the  person  lived  to  whom  his 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILET.  59 

letter  was  addressed.  For  a  long  time  he  could  gain  no  infor- 
mation, till,  at  last,  "an  honest-looking  tar"  ollired  to  conduct 
him  to  the  place  of  his  destination.  "  I  made  no  scruple," 
says  Mr.  Bailey,  "to  commit  myself  to  his  direction,  especially 
when  he  told  me  that  he  belonged  to  the  Diana,  the  ship  in 
which  IMr.  Greaton*  took  his  passage  for  England."  The  let- 
ter of  introduction  })rocured  him  a  welcom(>,  and,  at  last,  he 
found  himself  iji  comfortable  tjuarters,  waiting  for  the  llrst 
pul)lic  conveyance  to  Tjondon. 

The  reader  can  hardly  have  failed  to  remark  the  dillicidties 
which  Mr.  Bailey  encountered,  and  the  trials  to  which  hi'  was 
subjected  in  his  efforts  to  obtain  orders  in  the  Church  of  Kng- 
land.  We  cannot  easily  account  for  the  coldness  with  which 
he  was  treated  by  the  President  of  Harvard  College,  or  the 
refusal  of  that  odicer  to  certify  the  acknowledged  fact,  that  his 
character  was  unexceptionable  while  he  was  a  member  of  that 
institution.  This  refusal  caused  Mr.  Bailey  much  anxiety  and 
trouble,  and  nearly  prevented  his  obtaining  the  testimonials 
reiiuired  by  the  ecclesiastical  authority  in  England. 

AltlK)Ugli  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  found  friends  who  had 
sufl'icient  inlluence  to  secure  him  a  passage  in  an  armed  ship, 
yet,  it  would  seem,  he  could  not  obtain  decent  accoiiunoda- 
tions  on  board,  and  that  he  was  even  obliged  to  share  his 
hammock  with  the  man  servant  of  one  of  the  passengers. 
The  captain  treated  him  with  a  superciliousness  little  to  be 
expected  from  one  of  a  profession  with  which  civility  and 
politeness  are  unifortnly  associated.  The  petty  ollicers  of  the 
ship,  including  the  surgeon,  appear  to  have  been  almost  brutes 
in  human  shape,  who  bore  the  royal  commission.  Their  pas- 
senger was  an  educat(Hl  man,  a  licensed  clergyman  of  the 
Congregational  denomination,  and  the  object  of  his  voyage  to 
England  was  to  obtain  orilers  in  the  Established  Church. 
Yet  their  i)rofaneness  ajipears  to  have  bei'u  unrestrained  in 
his  ])resence ;  they  sought  to  tempt  him  into  some  fashionable 
excess;  they  made  severe  rcllections  on  his   native  country; 


•  Afterwards  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  M.xss. 


GO  K II  o  N  T  1 1:  li    M  I  s  s  I  o  N  V  It  V  ;    o  u  ,  [  11(]0. 

niul,  fvrn  wIh'm  |i«-  was  n  mirst  at  tlirir  tahlf,  llioy  critiiisod 
his  |)r«)iuiiuiatiitii  and  rnaiiiirr  i)f  speak iiii,'. 

W'c  Know  not  if  Mr.  n.iil>v>  i\|HTifn«c  in  obtaining  losti- 
nioniaU,  and  on  liis  voyayr  to  l-wi^'land,  was  a  fair  sprciineu 
of  that  of  other  candichitrs,  in  grmral,  for  ht»ly  ordrrs.  If  it 
were  »o.  we  cannot  but  ndrnire  the  perseverance,  and  res|>ect 
the  strong  principlr  which  inlhic-ncfd  these  young  men,  ncit 
only  to  sacrifue  the  time  and  money  necessary  to  the  voyage, 
and  to  incur  the  ilangers  of  the  .'^ea,  but  which  coidd  support. 
*hcm  under  the  trial  of  being  associated,  for  an  indefnu'te 
time,  with  unmannerly,  drimUen,  profarie  and  licentious  com- 
panion.^.  \Ve  art-  sure,  that  a  person  of  a  similar  standing 
with  Mr.  Hailey,  who  should  now  take  passage  in  an  armed 
ship,  woulil  not  suller  as  he  was  compelled  to  do.  The  naval 
service  has  g«-ntlemen  for  its  otlieers,  and  among  them  are 
bright  ornaments  of  the  rili<:ioM  which  they  profess. 

On  the  second  day  after  .Mr.  liailey's  arrival  in  Portsmouth, 
he  commenced  his  journey  to  Lontlon.  The  public  convey- 
ance in  which  he  took  passage,  is  thus  described  by  iiim  : 
*' These  stage  machines  are  built  in  the  form  of  a  common 
coach,  but  somewhat  larger ;  they  are  drawn  by  six  horses,  arc 
capable  of  carrying  six  persons,  with  their  bundles,  which 
must  never  exceed  fourteen  pounds  to  a  single  passenger. 
Besides  the  projicr  body  of  the  coach,  there  is  a  large  apart- 
ment erected  behind,  which  frenueutly  contains  seven  or  eight 
jx'oplc.  But  it  is  very  uncomfortable  riding  there  in  stormy 
weather,  it  being  wholly  uncovered,  and  exposed  to  the  open 
air."  Of  the  passengers  that  tiecupii-d  the  coach  with  him  on 
this  journey,  he  says:  "A  greater  variety  of  characters  and 
employments  in  life,  perhaps  were;  never  before  assembled 
together  in  so  narrow  an  apartment." 

In  the  evening,'  of  the  same  day,  .Mr.  Bailey  reached  the  city 
of  Iiondi>n,  and  lodged  at 'Mhc  great  Sj)reatl  Eagle  Inn,  (Jrace 
Church  Street."  The  next  mornirig  he  called  upon  "Mr.  IJut- 
ler,  a  noted  bookseller,  near  King  Street,  Cheapside,"  and  de- 
livered to  him  a  letter  of  introtluction.  Through  his  assistance 
he  engaged  lodgings  with  a  family,  where  other  American  cler- 
gymen and  candidates  for  orders  had  resided.     The  same  day 


1700.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  HI 

he  found   Mr.   Greaton,  wlio  liad  visited   Kiiglaiid   to  obtain 
ordination. 

On  the  27th  February,  the  subject  of  our  Memoir  waited 
upon  Rev.  Dr.  Bearcroft,  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Pro- 
moting the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  and  delivered  to  him 
some  letters,  "  together  with  a  will,  wherein  a  New  England 
lady  iiad  left  a  legacy  of  £1,000  sterling  to  the  society."  The 
same  day  he  called  on  Rev.  Dr.  Nichols,  and  presented  him 
with  letters  for  his  lordship  the  Bishop  of  London. 

"  February  28///.  This  morning  Mr.  Cireaton  and  I  waited 
upon  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,*  at  his  palace  at  Lam- 
beth. We  had  the  good  fortune  to  fmd  him  at  home.  After 
being  conducted,  with  a  vast  deal  of  ceremony,  through  ex- 
tended walks,  grand  halls,  and  spacious  chambers,  we  were,  at 
length,  presented  to  his  grace,  who  immediately  rose  from  his 
seat  and  gave  us  his  blessing,  before  we  had  an  opportunity  to 
kneel.  He  then  desired  us  to  sit,  and  conversed  with  us  in  the 
most  easy  and  polite  manner.  He  inquired  of  me  concerning 
the  war  in  America,  and  asked  me  'what  the  sentiments  of 
people  were,  in  general,  concerning  Col.  Amherst?'  I  an- 
swered him  with  caution  and  coolness,  more  than  was  neces- 
sary. After  he  had  conversed  freely  for  nuire  than  half  an 
hour,  taking  pen  and  paper,  lie  wrote  to  Dr.  Nichols,  that  upon 
the  recommendation  I  was  able  to  protluce,  he  need  not  be 
under  any  scruple  of  admitting  me  to  ordination. 

"  Fcbruarij  29th.  This  luorning  I  arose  full  of  anxious  con- 
cern, and,  not  tarrying  for  my  breakfast,  walked  near  two 
miles,  to  the  place  of  my  examination.  I  was  presently  intro- 
duced to  the  Doctor,  (Nichols,)  who  received  me  with  all  that 
mildness  which  he  always  assumes  towards  his  dependants. 
Requesting  me  to  sit,  he  proceeded  to  ask  me  a  great  number 
of  questions  concerning  my  country,  relations,  and  education* 
I  observed  that  my  answers  appeared  to  give  him  satisfaction. 
At  length,  examination  came  on.  He  gave  me,  first,  the  Greek 
Testament,  and  desired  iiie  to  render  a  portion  of  it  either  into 
Latin  or  Englisii,  according  to  my  inclination.     He   likewise 

•  Dr.  Seeker. 


62  FUONTir.  K     MISSION  A  KV;     OK,  [1700. 

gave  inr  librrty  to  {hoosu  what  boi)k  or  chapter  I  pleased.  I 
happened  to  open  al)Out  the  middle  of  the  first  chapter  of 
Matthew,  and  passed  through  this  part  of  my  examination 
with  ease.  The  next  book  he  put  into  my  hand  was  Urotius 
dc  Veritate.  Here  I  was  not  at  my  liberty,  but  he  heard  ni- 
to  the  first  section  in  the  Second  Book,  where  I  read  oir  that 
and  two  .sections  besides,  into  English,  without  receiving  any 
correction.  The  last  part  of  the  examination  was,  to  render 
the  Thirty-nine  Articles  into  Latin,  and  then  to  explain  it. 
This  I  had  the  happiness  to  perform,  not  only  to  his  accept- 
ance, but  even  far  beyor)d  what  I  could  wish.  After  I  had 
passed  through  the  several  forms  used  on  these  occasions,  h' 
dismissed  me,  with  a  declaration  that  he  had  the  pleasure  to 
find  me  ipialified,  and  would  nMoimncMd  iiu;  (or  onlinatiou 
the  next  Sunday. 

''  Miirclt  2(1.  This  nu)rning  arose  early,  and  met  my  com- 
panions, according  to  agreement.  •  •  I  found  Mr.  Morton,> 
a  young  gentleman  from  Philadelphia,  arrived  before  me.  •  • 
AVhen  wc  had  finished  our  breakfast,  a  couple  of  coaches 
appeared,  to  tronvey  us  to  Fulham.  We  had  a  pleasant  ride 
through  a  beautiful  country,  for  the  space  of  five  miles  beyond 
the  town.  •  •  About  ten,  we  came  in  sight  of  the  bishop's 
palace.  •  •  The  servants  cf)nductetl  us  into  a  very  odd 
apartment.  We  found,  however,  a  good  lire,  which  alloRled 
us  a  very  seasonable  refreshment,  as  the  weather  was  chilly. 
We  were  presently  joined  l)y  several  other  gentlemen,  candi- 
dates for  ordination.  His  lordship  the  Bishop  of  Rochester, 
soon  arrived,  when  we  were  calletl  into  his  presence.  Ileri' 
we  were  obligc-d  to  subscribe  the  Thirty-nine  Articles.  The 
bell,  a  few  minutes  after,  ringing  for  |)rayers,  we  were  all 
shown  into  the  chapel,  where,  after  taking  three  oaths,  we 
were  admitted  to  deacons'  orders  by  the  Bishop,  with  the  as- 
sistance! of  Dr.  Nichols  and  another  clergyman.  When  we 
returned  from  the  chapel,  we  were  conducted  into  a  vast  large 
hall,  entirely  composed  of  the  finest  marble.     It  was  arched 

*  Dr.  Zachary  Tearcc. 


1760.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  G3 


overhead,  and  was  at  least  twenty  feet  liigh.  All  the  walls, 
as  well  as  the  grand  canopy,  were  covered  with  the  most  strik- 
ing figures,  so  that  this  spacious  apartment  might  truly  be  said 
to  be  fine  without  hangings,  and  beautiful  witliout  paint.  In 
the  middle  stood  a  long  table,  covered  with  silver  dishes.  Wc 
sat  down  with  his  lordship  of  Rochester,  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don's lady,  and  several  others,  being,  in  all,  twenty-one.  We 
had  ten  servants  to  attend  us,  and  were  served  with  twenty- 
four  different  dishes,  dressed  in  such  an  elegant  manner,  that 
many  of  us  could  scarce  eat  a  mouthful.  The  drinking  ves- 
sels were  either  of  glass  or  of  solid  gold.'  The  Bishop  was 
very  sociable  at  table,  but  was  seen  to  behave  with  a  very 
important  gravity.  After  paying  eleven  shillings  a-piece  for 
our  orders,  we  drove  into  the  city,  and  took  a  dish  of  tea  to- 
gether, and  then  parted  in  friendship. 

^^  March ''jth.     This  morning  waited  upon  the  famous  Mr. 
Benjamin  P'ranklin,  and  received  an  invitation  to  dine.     • 
His  son  dined  with  us,  a  barrister-at-law.     He  is  a  gentleman 
of   good  education,  but   has  passed   away  the  flower  of  his 
youth  in  too  many  extravagancies. 

•  •••** 

"  March  14///.  This  day  was  appointed  for  ])ublic  fasting  and 
prayer  through  Great  Britain,  to  implore  tlie  divine  blessing 
on  the  arms  of  the  nation.  In  the  afternoon,  walked  abroad 
with  Messrs.  Greaton  and  Morton.  After  rambling  several 
miles,  we  came  to  Moorfields,  and  passing  through  them,  we 
entered  the  lane  which  leads  to  .Mr.  Whitfield's  famous  taber- 
nacle.     We  saw  multitudes  of  people  crowding  along  from 


•  In  reading  this  description,  allowance  should  be  made  for  the  novelty  of  the  sights 
which  met  Mr.  Bailey's  eyes  on  this  occasion.  His  early  days  were  passed  in  humhlc 
circumstances,  and  though  afterwards  he  had  some  ojjportunity  of  associating  with 
persons  of  wealth  and  refinement,  yet  it  can  hardly  be  supposed  that  he  had  ever  been 
present  at  any  entertainment  in  whicli  much  display  of  luxury  and  wealth  had  been 
made.  Besides,  America  could  not  compete  with  England  in  the  style  of  furniture 
and  decorations  of  buildings.  Ilis  description  of  his  visit  at  the  house  of  the  Bishop, 
was,  no  douljt,  according  to  his  impressions  at  the  time.  That  he  was  mistaken,  in 
some  degree,  we  know,  from  his  remark,  that  "  the  drinking  vessels  were  either  of 
glass  or  solid  gold."  It  has  been  stated,  by  competent  authority,  that,  even  at  the 
present  day,  services  of  gold  plate  are  composed  of  silver,  more  or  less  heavily  gilded. 


(U  rU().NTIi:il     M  ISS  ION  A  K  Y  ;     oil,  [17G0. 

cvrry  (juartrr,  to  hear  tin-  tiitrrtaiiiiiii;  iiupcniiicm'c  of  tliat 
gentli'iuan.  By  tin*  raUulutioii  I  was  t'liablcil  to  make,  I  am 
sensible  tliorc  was  not  less  than  ten  thousand  persons  in  and 
about  the  tabernaele.  Here  were  nwiny  serious  people  of  the 
lower  sort,  several  of  fashion,  and  a  great  number  of  villains, 
who  take  thr  advantage  to  pick  tin-  poikets  of  the  innocent 
rabble.  I'pon  our  return,  we  n)et  Mr.  Milner,  a  young  grntU-- 
man  from  New  York,  who  earne  ov«*r  for  orders.  Hut  .Mr. 
Morton  being  obliged,  with  me,  to  wait  upon  Dr.  Niehols,  we 
parteil  with  these  gentlemen,  and  walked  to  l^ieeadilly.  The 
Doett>r  nn't  us  at  the  door,  and  with  an  easy  smile  informed 
us  that  he  had  been  so  happy  as  to  j)rocure  us  a  private  ordi- 
nation, wliieh  woulil  be  conferretl  the  ne.xt  Sunday,  by  the 
IJishop  of  I'eterboro'.'  This  news  was  very  joyful  to  us,  who 
wished  for  nothing  more  than  to  have  our  atFuirs  settled. 

•  ••••• 

^''  March  \Cit/i,  {Sumlai/.)  This  being  the  day  ajipointed  for 
my  admission  into  priests'  orders,  Mr.  Morton  ealled  at  my 
lodgings  a  little  after  eight.  We  took  coaeh,  and  ordered  the 
coaehman  to  drive  to  Piccadilly.  We  stopped  at  Dr.  Niehols' 
door,  and  found  that  obliging  gentleman  ready  to  enter  upon 
our  allairs.  We  were  soon  eonducted  into  the  presence  of  his 
lordship  the  Bishop  of  IVterboro',  and,  under  his  direction, 
took  all  the  oaths  which  the  canons  of  our  church  recjuire 
upon  these  sacred  occasions.  We  were  next  conducted,  with 
the  usual  ceremonies,  into  St.  James'  Church,  and  there  re- 
ceived ordination  from  the  Reverend  Bishop.  The  whole 
atiair  was  conducted  with  the  utmost  solemnity.  O,  that  our 
minds  may  ever  be  sensible  of  the  weight  and  importance  of 
this  sacred  ollice  to  which  we  are  now  appointed,  and  may 
the  Divine  inlluence  animate  and  direct  our  actions  to  the 
glory  of  HeavcMi  and  the  ha|)piness  of  those  beings  which 
surround  us  I  The?  ordination  being  cner,  we  returned  into 
the  Doctor's  apartment,  and  there  paid  half  a  guinea  for  our 
orders,  and  half  a  crown  to  the  man  who  attended  at  the  altar. 
We  received  orders  from  our  reverend  superiors,  to  partake  of 

•  Dr.  Tcrrick. 


17G0.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     J  A  COR     BAILEY.  G 


).J 


the  Sacrament  at  the  King's  Parish  Church  of  St.  Martins-in- 
thc-Field:?.  We  had  an  excellent  sermon,  suitable  to  the 
occasion,  and  parted  from  the  holy  ordinance  in  some  measure 
sensible  of  the  favors  Heaven  had  bestowed  upon  us,  in  mak- 
ing everything  succeed  to  our  wishes. 

"  March  lllh.  .  .  «  We  arrived  at  the  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don's palace  (at  Fulham),  and  were  admitted,  with  u-^ual 
ceremony,  into  the  secretary's  apartment,  from  whose  hand  we 
received  our  license,  after  paying  £1  IS.v.  6^/.  We  had  the 
honor  of  being  introduced  to  His  Lordship's  presence.  He  was 
sitting  with  his  consort  in  a  beautiful  parlor,  with  his  hat  upon 
his  head.  When  we  approaciied  him,  he  endeavored  to  move, 
but  with  the  greatest  diiriculty.  Wc  came  around  on  the 
other  side  of  the  table,  and  saw,  in  the  face  of  His  Lordship, 
an  object  which  at  once  excited  horror  and  compassion.  His 
face  was  swollen  to  a  prodigious  degree,  and  his  tongne,  in- 
fected with  some  terrible  disorder,  hung  out  of  his  mouth,  and 
extended  down  his  chin.  The  good  Bishop,  unable  to  speak, 
looked  earnestly  upon  us,  as  if  he  meant  to  convey  us  a  l)Iess- 
ing.  Having  subscribed  the  artick's  re([nired,  we  took  leave  of 
His  Lordship.' 

•  .  »  •  •  • 

^^  March  19///.  Mr.  Morton  calling  on  me,  we  dressed  in 
our  robes,  and  went,  first,  to  wait  upon  Mr.  Franklin.  Wc 
found  him  and  his  son  at  breakfast,  with  several  ladies,  who 
prevailed  upon  us  to  take  a  dish  of  tea.  After  engaging  to 
dine  with  them  the  next  Tuesday,  we  went  to  St.  Martin's, 
expecting  to  meet  the  Venerable  Society.  We  tarried  prayers, 
but  not  finding  those  reverend  gentlemen  we  wanted,  we 
repaired  to  the  ehaptir-house,  and  were  introduced  into  a 
handsome  apartment,  witii  the  Archbishop's  gentlemen,  and 
other  attendants.  About  one,  the  assembly  broke  np,  when 
we  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  several  bishops.  His 


•Thiswas  Bishop  Thomas  Sherlock,  the  aiUiigonist  of  Bishop  Iloadlcy.  in  the 
Bangorian  controversy.  He  died  in  a  few  months  after  the  interview  recorded  in  the 
Memoir.  His  attestation  to  Mr  Bailey's  declaration  of  conformity  to  the  Liiurgy  of 
the  Church  of  England  is  preserved.  The  Bishop's  signature,  in  the  margin,  shows 
the  tremulousncss  of  a  hand  enfeebled  by  sickness. 


66  I'UDNTIKU     MISSIoNAliV;     OR,  [17G0. 

Ciraco,  in  pa^siiii^  out  i)f  the  '^rviit  room,  coMcK'.-^cciided  to  ad- 
dress us  vtrv  roiu|)la(i'iJtIy,  aud  "jjave  us  his  blessing.  •  • 
Froui  the  cliapter-house  we  went  dircc-tly  to  the  treasury,  •  • 
thence  to  the  ehaneellor's  liouse.  Here  we  received  X19  7s. 
6f/.,  the  royal  bounty  to  all  Aniericaji  clergynjen  after  ordina- 
tion. The  king  himself  signed  the  onler  for  the  delivery  of 
llu!  morwy.  I  cannot  but  thankfully  acknowledge  the  good- 
ness of  i*rovidence,  this  day,  in  succeeding  my  concerns,  and 
so  happily  finishing  the  business  for  which  I  made  this  danger- 
ous voyage  to  London.  I  had  the  pleasure  to  be  informed 
that  the  generous  Society  had  appointed  mc  their  missionary, 
with  a  salary  of  £')0  per  annum,  to  begin  from  last  Christmas. 
This  was  favorable,  even  beyond  my  most  sanguine  expecta- 
tions. 

•  ••••• 

"  March  22d.  This  day  received  half  a  year's  salary  from 
Alderman  Gosling,  banker  to  the  Society.  •  •  I  then  rode 
to  the  upper  part  of  New  Bond  Street,  and  bought  a  number 
of  books.  The  afternoon  I  spent  in  collecting  articles  I  de- 
signed to  take  with  me  to  New  England,  having  first  visited 
the  New  England  CotVec  House,  and  agreed  with  Capt.  Watt 
for  a  passage,  first  paying  for  it  ten  guineas. 

•  ■••** 

"  Jl/arr//  '2')(/t.  \  i>iitil  Dr.  Bearcroft  with  ]\Ir.  Greaton  and 
Morton,  where  we  received  Lcland's  View  of  the  Deistical 
Writers,  a  present  from  his  royal  highness  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  several  other  excelKnt  j)ieces.  About  two,  Mr.  Morton 
called  on  me,  and  accompanied  me  to  ^Ir.  I'Vanklin's,  in 
Craven  Street.  We  IkkI  four  ladies  at  table.  They  all  dined 
in  full  dress,  without  so  much  as  taking  their  liats  from  their 
heads.  Nothing  could  pcissibly  be  more  agreeable  than  the 
conversation,  behavior  and  entertainment  of  this  afternoon. 

"  Marrit  2(M/i.       This  day  went   down   the  river  with    Mr. 

Greaton,  to  put  our on  board  the frigate,  at  Stone 

Stairs. 

•  ••••• 

"  Mat/2S(/i.  About  icn  o'clock,  to  our  inexpressible  joy,  we 
made  the  mountains  of  Agamcnticua,  on  the  coast  of  New 


1760.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB     BAILEY.  GT 

England,  having  been  out  of  sight  of  land  from  Cape  Corn- 
wall, in  Great  Britain,  thirty-two  days." 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  in  Boston  a  few  days  after,  as  we  learn 
from  the  following  item  from  the  "  Boston  Xews  Letter,"  of 
June  5th,  1760  :  "  Custom  House,  Boston,  June  4th.  Entered 
inwards,  Watt,  from  London.  In  Capt.  Watt  came  Passen- 
gers General  Winslow,  who  was  welcomed  on  shore,  and  con- 
gratulated  by  a  great  number  of  People,  upon  his  return  ;  also, 
the  Rev.  Mr,  James  Grayton,*  of  Roxbury,  and  the  Rev.  Mr, 
Jacob  Bailey,  of  Bcverly,t  two  young  gentlemen  who  have 
received  Episcopal  Ordination,  the  former  for  Christ's  Church, 
in  this  Town,  the  other  for  a  Church  to  be  established  at 
Pownalboro',  on  the  Kenncbcck  River;  and  several  other  gen- 
tlemen." 

*  Greaton,  +  Uowhij, 


FllONTIER    MISSIONAUY;     OR,  [1006. 


(11  A  I'TKK  V. 

Br.KDHK  wc  follow  Mr.  liailcy  to  his  chosen  field  of  labor,  it 
becomes  necesaary  to  sketch  the  iiistory  of  that  part  of  the 
country  in  which  that  field  was  situated. 

As  the  French  had  led  the  way  in  colonizing  other  parts  of 
Amc-rica,  so  were  they  the  first  in  exploring  this  region,  and  in 
:itteMi|)ting  to  settle  it.  The  king  of  France  had  given  to  De 
Monts  the  whole  of  the  country  between  the  island  of  Cape 
Hreion  and  the  shores  below  Hudson  River,  and  had  called 
:l)e  territory  Acadia.  In  the  spring  of  1(>04,  De  Monts,  ac- 
companied by  the  fnture  founder  of  C^ucbec,  entered  Annapo- 
lis River,  in  Nova  I^eotia,  and  grunting  a  territory,  extending 
>ome  miles  from  its  mouth,  to  one  of  his  companions,  sailed 
for  the  Sehoodic,  or  St.  Croix  River,  which  now  forms  jiart  of 
the  north-eastern  boundary  of  the  United  States.  An  island 
was  chosen  for  the  residence  of  the  party,  and  fortified.  The 
j)riv;itions  of  one  winter,  however,  caused  them  to  abandon  this 
locality  the  following  spriiig,  and  to  join  the  rest  of  the  inuni- 
grants  on  the  pleasant  river  of  Annapolis.  The  same  season 
an  exploring  party,  led  by  De  Monts,  ascended  the  Kennebec 
River,  erected  a  cross,  and  took  possession  of  the  territory  in  the 
nauje  of  the  king  of  France.  While  these  expeditions  were  in 
progress,  English  enterprise  was  also  excited.  On  the  pretence 
of  cli.'covering  a  north-west  passage,  a  party  left  Great  Britain. 
After  touching  at  a  few  places  in  Maine,  the  vessels  ascended 
the  Penobscot  River,  probably  a  considerable  distance,  and  the 
<  '         '    '  erected  a  cross,  "a  thing,"  he  says,  "never 

I  lian  travellers."     Thus,  in  the  same  year,  i)er- 

haps  in  the  same  month,  the  symbol  of  man's  salvation  was 
]ilanted  on  the  banks  of  the  two  noblest  rivers  in  Maine.  The 
leaders  of  both  these  expeditions  were  Protestants.  The  Eng- 
lish enterprise  was  disgraced  by  the  seizure  of  five  of  the  na- 


IGOG.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      J  A  (OR      11 A  ILK  Y.  GO 

tives,  who  were  carried  to  Great  liritaiii.  This  act  of  iin([uali- 
licd  baseness  was,  however,  l^rovidentially  made  productive  of 
good/  Three  of  the  captives  were  delivered  to  Sir  Fkhd;- 
NANDO  GoiuiKs,  govcriior  of  Plymouth.  A  residence  with  him 
taught  them  the  English  language,  and  the  accounts  they  gave 
of  their  native  land  first  excited  in  their  host  that  interest  in 
the  colonization  of  New  England,  which  terminated  only  with 
his  life. 

[n  1606,  an  association  of  English  gentlemen  was  formed, 
for  the  purpose  of  colonizing  America,  and  converting  its 
savage  inhabitants  to  the  Christian  religion.  Although  di- 
vided into  two  companies,  yet  they  were  under  one  general 
council  of  government.  James  I.  gave  them  a  royal  charter. 
To  one  of  these,  called  the  Second  Colony,  or  the  Plymouth 
Company,  was  granted  a  territory,  identical,  to  a  great  extent,! 
with  that  given  to  De  Monts  by  the  king  of  France.  The  re- 
ligion of  the  Church  of  England  was  established  in  the  colo- 
nies to  be  formed.  In  the  following  year,  the  founders  of  Vir- 
ginia, under  the  patronage  of  the  first  of  these  companies,  left 
their  native  land  and  commenced  a  settlement  on  James  River. 
Late  in  August  of  the  same  year,  public  thanks  to  Ahnighty 
(iod  were  oilered  up  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Kennebec  River, 
near  its  mouth,  by  a  party  who  had  landed  from  ships  sent  out 
by  the  Second,  or  Plymouth  Company,  to  colonize  their  patent. 
A  sermon  was  delivered  on  this  occasion,  their  charter  was 
read,  and  rules  for  the  government  were  promulgated.  Build- 
ings for  jiublic  use,  including  a  Church  and  a  few  slender 
cal)ins,  were  erected,  with  a  rude  fort  iticat ion.  Early  winter 
witnessed  the  departure  of  the  ships  which  had  transported 
the  colonists,  leaving  only  forty-five  persons  to  undergo  the 
unknown  trials  which  miglit  await  them.  Not  the  lea>t  of 
these  trials  was  the  extreme  s(!verity  of  the  climate.  In  mid- 
winter lire  consumed  tlu'ir  storeh(»use,  with  the  provisions  it 


•  "  This  accident  must  be  acknowledged  the  means,  under  God,  of  putting  on  foot 
and  RiviiiR  life  to  all  our  plantations." — l?ir  Ferdinando  Gorget'  Britft  Xarration. 
London :  IG08. 

tTo  the  two  companies  .ill  North  America,  from  the  34th  to  the  4.5th  degree  of 
latitude,  was  granted.    De  Monts'  patent  extended  one  degree  further  north. 


70  ri!<'viiii;    M  I  •.>.  I ..  N  \  u  Y  ;    on,  [1()07. 

iifiiiiH'il.  liiHirgf!  l\)|iliaiii,  tlifir  president,  died.  The  sliips 
•  lit  from  Kngluiid  the  succeeding  spriiij^,  brou«,'ht  news  of  the 
death  of  the  Chii'f  Justice  of  Kiij^laiid,  one  of  the  priiuipal 
men  of  the  Plymouth  Council,  and  also  of  another  member,  a 
brother  tt)  the  "  Admiral"  of  the  colony,  who  had  now  become 
ita  |)re>ident.  These  untoward  »'vents  determined  the  emi- 
grants to  return  to  their  native  country,  and  when  the  ships, 
despatched  to  their  aid,  entered  the  l'in<,dish  harbor  on  their 
n'turn,  instead  of  brin^'ing  news  of  encouragement  to  tin- 
sagacious  and  enterprising  men,  who  liad  attempted  to  trans- 
fer the  religion  and  civilization  of  ICngland  to  tlii'  hunting- 
grounds  of  the  savages  of  North  America,  they  landed  dis- 
heartened adventurers,  whose  story  and  whose  return  would 
j)ostpone,  to  a  distant  day,  the  renewal  of  an  enterprise  that 
had  thus  lamentably  and  visibly  failed. 

As,  by  the  royal  letter  of  instrui-tions,  given  to  the  early  colo- 
nists, the  religion  and  polity  of  the  Church  of  England  wire 
distinctly  established,  anti  as  religious  services  were  heUI,  and 
a  sermon  pn-aclnd  on  the  day  of  the  debarkation  of  the  colo- 
nists, at  Kennebec,  by  their  chaplain,  who  also  oiliciated  dur- 
ing the  time  the  colony  remained,  it  is  certain  that,  on  the 
shores  of  Atkins'  Bay,  the  halloweil  strains  of  Kngland's  ritual 
were  heard  at  no  infreipient  intervals,  during  the  autumn  of 
1(")07,  ami  the  succeeding  winti-r.  And,  tiierefore,  these  are 
the  rir.-t  instances  of  the  use  of  the  liturgy,  and  the  perform- 
ance of  flic  rites  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  any  part  of  ihe 
present  United  States,  north  of  \'irginia.  And  not  only  so, 
this  was  THE  fihst  Piiotksta.nt  woksiiii'  and  ruEAcniNr,,  nv 

AN     ORDAINED    MIMSTKIl,    IN    ANY    PORTION    OF    THIS    VAST    TKRUI- 
TORV.* 

\i:w  Enoland  \vas  the  name  given  n»  a  n  gion,  extending 
from  the  fortieth  parallel,  eight  degrees  northward,  in  a  lu-w 
charter,  granted  to  the  Plymouth  Council,  in  H\'20.  Several 
voyages,  undertaken  by  private  persons,  had  been  made  during 
the  thirteen  years  which  followed  the  failure  of  the  colony  at 
Kennebec.      Although  the  famous    Captain    John   Smiffi  was 

■Sec  note  b. 


i 


163G.]  LIFE     OF     Ki:V.     JACOB     BAILEY.  71 

engaged  in  two  of  these  enterprises,  yet  nothing  was  effected 
in  the  way  of  colonizing  the  territory.  A  few  persons,  under 
Richard  Vines,  passed  the  winter  of  1617,  at  the  mouth  of 
Saco  River,  but  a  i)arty  of  English  mutineers,  who  had  hern 
set  on  shore  in  the  succeeding  year,  found  there  no  wiiite 
inhabitants,  and  were  obliged  to  travel  eastward,  till  they 
reached  the  island  of  Monhegan,  a  noted  fishing  station  for 
the  Europeans. 

Thirteen  years  after  \  incs'  short  stay  at  Saco,  two  patents 
were  granted  to  him  and  others,  of  about  eight  square  miles, 
on  the  banks  of  that  river.  The  settlers  on  these  grants  pre- 
served friendly  relations  with  their  savage  neighbors,  and 
raised  taxes  for  the  support  of  religious  worship,  though  no 
clergyman  seems  to  have  been  among  them  at  the  time.  But 
in  1636,  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  who  had  obtained  a  grant  of 
all  the  territory  in  Maine,  west  of  the  Kennebec  River,  sent 
over  his  nephew,  William  Gorges,  in  the  capacity  of  governor. 
In  the  spring  of  that  year,  he  opened  a  court  in  Saco,  and  thus 
established  the  first  organized  govermnent  within  the  limits  of 
the  present  State  of  Maine.  In  the  autumn,  '' a  book  of  rates 
for  the  ihinister,  to  be  paid  cpiarterly,  the  first  payment  to  begin 
at  Michaelmas  next,"  was  drawn  up,  and  the  sum  of  £31  los. 
was  subscribed.  The  patent  of  this  territory  established  the 
Church  of  England,  and  gave  the  patentee  the  patronage  of 
all  churches  and  chapels.  Rev.  Ricuard  Gibson,  an  Episco- 
pal minister,  was  here  at  least  as  early  as  1637,  and  remained 
on  tills  side  the  Atlantic  seven  years  before  his  return,  part  of 
which  time  was  spent  in  Saco.  It  was  in  this  place,  then, 
that  Episcopacy  was  first  prrmanoitl//  established  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Maine.  But  (Jibson's  labors,  though  given,  perhaps, 
at  first,  in  a  great  degree,  to  Saco,  became  afterwards  extended, 
and  the  settlers  at  Richmond's  Island,  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  and 
at  Piscataqua,  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  his  ministrations.  In 
fact,  he  is  known  to  have  been  the  first  minister  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  II.  He  was  drawn  into  a  controversy  with  a  Puri- 
tan minister,  of  Dover,  N.  II.,  who  attacked  him,  and  he  after- 
wards offered  acknowledgments  to  Massachusetts,  and  in  1643 
returned  to  England.     The  testimony  of  those  who  regarded 


72  FRONTIER     MISSION  AKY  ;      (Ml,  [1()()0. 

the  churt-h  of  wliii-h  Uv  was  a  miiiistcr  with  no  favorahk'  fet'l- 
ings,  is,  that  he  was  "  a  good  tschohir,  a  poj)uhir  speaker,  and 
highly  esteemed  as  a  Gospel  minister,"  by  those  among  whom 
he  labored. 

A  small  island  near  llie  ^uutluriy  shore  of  Cape  lOIi/abeth, 
had  been  granted  by  the  Plym<Mith  Touneil  to  two  persons, 
who  appointed  John  Winter  to  manage  their  interest  therein. 
It  soon  beeame  a  noted  plaee  for  fishing,  and  the  prodnets  of 
the  sea  and  fonrst  were  exchanged  to  so  large  an  extent  for 
foreign  commodities,  ih;it  an  European  trade  of  some  amount 
grew  up,  and  continued  many  years. 

Rev.  Ilonr.HT  .I»)Hn.\N,  a  chTgynian  of  the  Church  t>f  I'iUg- 
land,  married  Sarah,  the  daughter  of  this  .lolni  Winter.  It  is 
certain  that  Jordan  ollieiated  during  the  first  years  of  his  resi- 
dence on  Richmond's  Island,  and,  as  he  is  termed  an  ''itinerant 
preacher  to  the  people,"  his  labors,  like  those  of  Ciibson,  may 
have  extended  eviMi  to  New  Hampshire.  The  original  grantees 
of  Richmond's  Island  evidently  contemplated  the  regular  per- 
formance of  divine  worship  there,  according  to  the  ritual  of 
the  Church  of  England,  if  not  the  erection  of  a  church,  for,  in 
the  joint  inventory  between  one  of  them  and  their  agent,  arti- 
cles used  in  the  Church  service  are  enumerated,  such  as  "Com- 
munion vessels,  cushions,  etc."  Jordan  also  exhibited  a  charge 
against  the  estate  of  his  father-in-law,  in  1G1-"),  "for  my  min- 
istry, as  by  composition,  one-half  year,  iJlO."  IJut  Jordan's 
life  was  destined  to  be  a  checkered  one.  The  whole  of  Rich- 
mond's Island  was  awarded  to  hitn,  as  legal  re|)resentative  of 
Winter,  to  satisfy  a  claim  of  the  latter  on  the  proprietors. 
The  territory  in  which  his  estate  was  situated,  changed  owners 
more  than  once,  and  Jordan  became  involved  in  the  political 
disputes  arising  from  such  lluct nations.  We  lind  him,  at 
various  times,  acting  in  a  judicial  capacity,  ai)pointed  to  his 
olHce  by  the  power  which,  at  the  time,  held  |)ossession  of  the 
Province  of  Maine.  That  he  did  not  entirely  lay  aside  the 
exercise  of  his  ministerial  ollice,  ap|H'ars  from  the  fact  that,  in 
IGOO,  he  baptized  some  children,  "  after  the  exercise  was  ended 
on  the  Lord's  day,  in  the  hotise  of  Mrs.  Ma(! Worth,  in  Fal- 
mouth,"   for  which   he  was  summoned  before    the    Cieneral 


1677.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAILEY.  73 

Court  of  Massachusetts,  wlio  also  called  him  to  an  account, 
in  the  succeeding  year,  for  solemnizing  a  marriage.  Four 
years  after,  his  house  was  attacked  l)y  Indians,  lie  barely 
escaped  with  his  lite,  to  Great  Island,  now  New  Castle,  in 
Piscatacjua  River,  where  he  died,  in  1()79,  aged  68,  leaving  a 
large  landed  estate. 

The  territory  of  Maine,  after  many  changes  of  ownership, 
passed,  by  purchase,  into  the  hands  of  the  neighboring  colony 
of    Massachusetts,    in    1(377.       Thenceforward,    the    religious 
teachers  encouraged  in  this  Province  were  Puritans. 
10 


74  F R O  N  T  I  i:  R     M  I  S  S  I  (>  N  A  U  Y  ;     OR,  [1749. 


CIIA  V'VVAl    \\. 

J\  1711),  ilic  rrprcsentatives  of  llie  oriirinal  proprietors  of  the 
KeniH'ln'c  Purehase,  with  othiTs  who  liad  joined  them,  htld  a 
meetin*?,  to  take  measures  for  the  improvement  of  their  proj)- 
erty.  Four  year.s  after,  a  corporation  was  formed,  by  ihi- 
name  of  the  "  IVoprietors  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase  from  the 
late  CoKuiy  of  New  Plymouth,"  though  this  corporation'  is 
generally  called  ''The  Plymouth  Comj)any."  * 

t"ln  the  year  17ol,J  a  number  of  Germans  having  arrived 
in  Boston,  the  Plymouth  Company,  as  an  inducement  to  them 
to  settle  in  their  patent,  oH'ered  immediately  to  give  each 
family  one  hundred  acres  of  land,  in  what  is  now  called  Dres- 
den, to  pay  their  passages  from  Boston,  to  advance  them  six 
months'  jirovisions,  and  to  build  them  a  house  of  defence 
against  the  Indians.  Tiie  only  conditions  imposed  upon  tli< 
settlers  were,  that  each  should  clear  five  acres  of  land,  and 
build  an  house,  twenty  feet  liy  eighteen,  witiiin  three  years. 
These  olTers  were  accepted,  and  the  descendants  of  tln)se  (Jer- 
mans  are  yet  to  be  distinguished  in  that  neighborhood,  by 
their  patronymic  names."  The  plantation  begun  by  these 
people  was  called  Frankfort. 

The  wars  between  France  and  England  involved  their  n>- 
pectivc  colonies  in  America,  and  the  influence  which  the 
former  had  obtained  over  the  Indians,  was  used  in  exciting 
them  to  attack  the  white  settlers  in  Maine.  As  Richmonc^ 
fort   had  become  almost  ruinous,  another  was  built,  in  175 1, 


•  See  note  C. 

t  History  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase,  by  R.  II.  Gardiner,  Esq.  —  ^[ainc  llUiorical 
Collect ioni,  II.,  p.  280. 

♦  After  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  some  of  the  French  went  to  Ger- 
many, and  with  the  Germans  came  thence  to  Frankfort,  on  the  Kennebec,  from  the 
River  Rhine. 


1749.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  75 

about  one  and  a  half  miles  above  it,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  and  called  Fort  Frankfort,  or  Fort  Shirley.  To  this 
the  inhabitants  fled  for  security,  when  alarmed  by  the  Indians. 
The  circumstances  of  the  people  at  Frankfort  were  extremely 
straitened.  They  had  been  transported  to  a  region  whose 
winters  are  long,  and  generally  rigorous,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  fell  the  enormous  growth  of  timber  which  covered  the 
ground,  before  anything  could  be  raised  for  the  support  of 
themselves  and  their  families.  Unused  to  this  kind  of  labor 
in  their  native  country,  their  attempts  to  cut  down  the  forest 
were  awkward,  and  of  course  very  toilsome.  As  it  must  be 
long  before  they  could  raise  their  own  food,  and  as  they  had 
no  means  of  renewing,  in  their  new  home,  their  clothing,  when 
worn  out,  they  were,  of  course,  doomed  to  a  protracted  and 
severe  struggle  for  the  necessaries  of  life.  It  is  evident,  then, 
that  a  provision  for  religious  instruction  was  entirely  l)eyond 
their  power.  ,  In  fact,  the  whole  of  the  present  State  of  Maine, 
east  of  Brunswick,  was  at  that  time,  and  for  some  years  after, 
(with  the  exception  hereafter  to  be  named,)  entirely  desti- 
tute of  the  services  of  a  minister  of  any  denomination.  But 
Popish  emissaries  were  not  idle.  In  1()0'),  the  expedition  of 
I)e  Monts,  (as  before  stated,)  ascended  the  Kennebec  River, 
erected  a  cross,  and  took  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name 
of  the  king  of  France,  In  IGI'2,  De  Biencourt  and  Biart 
visited  the  same  river,  and  brought  the  natives  to  the  j^rofes- 
sion  of  the  Romish  religion,  and  allegiance  to  the  I^^rench 
king.*  Thirty-fourf  years  after,  Drenillettes  took  up  his  abode 
in  this  region,  and  olficiated  in  a  chapel  erected  by  the  Indian 
converts.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Bigots,  father  and  son. 
When  Ralle  was  killed  by  the  English  forces,  at  the  Indian 
village  of  Norridgewock,  in  1724,  he  had  been  their  priest  at 
that  place  for  a  cpiarter  of  a  century.  As  the  Jesuits  were 
well  established  in  Canada,  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  Ralle, 
and  as  the  route  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  Kennebec  was 
well   known  to   llie    Iiidiaiis,   and   frequently  passed   t)ver   by 


♦  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  I.,  27. 
t  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States,  III.,  135. 


7()  ruoNTiKii    missionary;    or,  [17.")  I. 

them,  pmissnrios  of  the  Koiiiish  C'linrcli  could,  with  little  com- 
l):ir:itivf  dilliculty,  liiid  tlifir  way  into  the  rountry  wIutc  the 
hrad-qjMrttTs  of  the  Norridgewock  tribf  had  formerly  existed, 
'i'hat  these  opportunities  were  not  neglected,  ap|)ears  from  the 
following  narrative:  "On  the  Ith  of  January,  17")  1,  Mr.  Peter 
Audron,  a  Jesuit,  and  missionary  to  the  Norridgewock  tribe, 
arrived  at  b^rankfort.  •  •  Mr.  l^myon,  one  of  the  CJerman, 
or  I'reneh  settlers,  aeeompanit'd  the  Jesuit  to  his  hai)itation, 
whieh  was  about  three  or  four  ruilc.s  above  Cushnoc,  at  the  dis- 
tanee  of  half  a  mile  from  the  eastern  shore,  and  his  house  was 
surrounded  by  a  number  of  Indian  wigwams.  The  French  were 
carrying  on  a  settlement  at  Anondowincke,  a  remarkable  situa- 
tion, between  the  head  of  Kennebeck  and  Ammagantick  Lake, 
and,  it  is  reported,  that  the  above-mentioned  Jesuit  was  busy 
among  the  I'reneh  people,  at  Frankfort,  to  engage  some  of 
them  to  remove,  and,  for  their  encouragement,  he  promised 
each  family  two  hundreil  acres  of  land,  and  some  other  advan- 
tages; but,  with  all  his  arguments  atid  insinuations,  he  was 
unable  to  prevail."  * 

The  poor  settlers  at  Frankfort,  thus  exposed  to  the  arts  of 
Romish  missionaries,  and  unable,  themselves,  to  provide  for 
religious  teaching,  looked  in  vain  to  any  in  America  to  assist 
them.  No  Protestant  minister  had  ever  been  in  the  valley  of 
the  Kennebec,  of  which  we  have  any  account,  save  at  George- 
town, a  settlement  near  the  mouth  of  that  river,  and  the  last 
clergyman  had  left  that  place  two  years  previously,  while  there 
was  no  prospect  that  the  vacancy  there  would  be  supplied. 
Nothing,  then,  was  left  to  these  neglected  pioneers  but  to 
a))ply  to  the  Ijenevolence  of  pious  persons  in  England.  In 
this  emergenev,  the  peopli'  of  Frankfort  joined  with  those  in 
(Jeorgetown,  in  petitioning  the  "Society  for  Propogating  the 
(iospel  in  Foreign  Parts,"  to  send  them  a  missionary.  This 
petition,  dated  in  1754,  states  that  they  who  signed  it  "arc  a 
f.Mii.'.fi.M,  ,,r  rr,,t<..t  ,nf<.  from   Great  Britain,  Ireland,  France 


•Rev.  J.  Bailcy'n  MSS.  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  II.,  297.  Both  of  these 
authorities  concur  In  stating  that  this  visit  of  the  Jesuit,  with  other  facts,  drew  the 
attention  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  led  to  the  renewal  or  erection 
of  forts,  one  of  which  was  placed  in  the  present  town  of  Winslow. 


I 


/       6'ilr  of  I'liiihiim's  Colony    ISO^. 

2  SiiT  II f  Knrt  Hirhmiinit ,   IJVl 

3  S*^  Johns  Chunrh  .  FowniilhaT'o  . 
A  —  -  —  Bo-  (ifnfarfoH'n  . 
A'  B      The  niunrs  af  ploi  rj  arr  tknta 

prrvituj  tv    1773 


PART  OF 

MAINE 


J/^t'wKlj  /■MA'/w 


1756.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  77 

mid  Germany"  compelled,  by  poverty,  "  to  accept,  gladly,"  a 
Settlement  on  the  Frontier  of  New  England,"  who  feel  sensibly 
the  want  of  "the  Administration  of  God's  "Word  and  Sacra- 
ments, and  their  Children  must  be  in  evident  Danger  of  falling 
into  the  grossest  Ignorance  and  Irreligion,  so  as  to  become  an 
easy  Prey  to  the  Popish  Missionaries  in  that  Neighbourhood, 
unless  the  Society  shall  send  a  Missionary  to  olilciatc  to  and 
instruct  them." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society,  for  1755,  states  that  "  Gov- 
ernor Shirley,  and  other  very  worthy  Persons,  recommending 
Mr.  Macclenag-Jian,  that  he  had  been  for  many  Years  a  Dis- 
senting Teacher,  but  was  become  a  Convert  to  the  Church  of 
England.,  as  a  proper  Person  for  this  Mission,  on  account  of 
his  uncommon  Fortitude,  and  a  Mind  cheerfully  disposed  to 
undergo  the  Dangers  and  Difficulties  to  be  expected  in  that 
Mission,  the  Society,  Mr.  Macclenag-Iian  having  been  received 
into  the  Holy  Orders  of  our  Church,  hath  appointed  him  their 
Missionary  to  George  Town  and  Frankfort,  and  to  the  neigh- 
boring Places  on  the  Eastern  Frontier  of  the  Province  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay."  The  annual  stipend  attached  to  this  mission 
was  fifty  pounds  sterling. 

In  May,  1756,  Mr.  Macdenachan  arrived  at  Kennebec,  and 
took  up  his  residence  in  Fort  Richmond.  His  family  after- 
wards joined  him  there. 

But  one  report  of  Mr.  Macdenachan  to  the  Society  has  been 
preserved.  This  is  compiled  from  his  letter  to  them,  dated 
Richmond,  August  5th,  1757.  In  this  he  speaks  of  his  "  dili- 
gence in  preaching  the  Gospel  on  common  Days,  as  well  as 
the  Lord's  Day,"  and  states  that  "  the  number  of  his  Hearers 
increases."  He  complains  "that  there  is  no  Church,  either  at 
George  Tovm  or  Frankfort,  nor  Ctlebe  nor  House  prepared  for 
the  Missionary,  as  was  promised  to  the  Society  on  his  appoint- 
ment; but  that  he  had,  1o  that  time,  resided  in  an  old  disman- 
tled Fort,  wonderfully,  through  God's  mercy,  preserved  from  a 
merciless  Enemy,  to  whom  he  is  often  exposed." 

Mr.  Macdenachan  removed  from  his  mission  in  December, 
1758.*     A  large  territory  was  thus  left  without  the  services  of 

•  See  note  D. 


78  FRONTU'R     missionary;     OR,  [1760. 

any  resilient  ininisier  of  any  ck'iiomiiiation.  Tlie  title  of  the 
incuinbeiit  of  the  Chureh  Mission  in  this  region  was,  "  Itine- 
rant Missionary  on  the  Eastern  Frontier  of  Massachusetts 
liay."  This  frontier  was  indeterminate,  both  in  length  and 
breadth.  It  extended  from  the  oeean,  indefinitely,  towards 
Canada,  and  from  Brunswick,  as  far  cast  as  any  white  j)rople 
could  be  founil.  It  was  shortly  after  stated,  by  one  who  had 
the  means  of  knowing,  to  be  "one  hundred  miles  in  length, 
by  sixty  in  breadth."  Few  roads  had  been  made,  and  the  set- 
tlements being  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  the  sea-coast,  the 
usual  mode  of  travelling  was  by  a  canoe.  At  this  time,  and 
in  fact  for  many  years  after,  county  roads,  connecting  one 
township  with  another,  were  entirely  unknown.  In  summer, 
the  canoe  held  the  place  of  the  wheeled  carriage,  while  in 
winter,  the  icy  surface  of  the  frozen  river  formed  the  princijial 
highway  for  the  sleigh,  and  even  for  the  ox-sled,  with  its  heavy 
load.*  It  is  evident,  that  it  would  be  beyond  the  power  of  any 
one  missionary  to  labor  successfully  in  all  parts  of  so  large  a 
field.  But  he  was  liable  to  be  called  on  for  services,  even 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  extensive  region  to  which  he  was 
appointed.  As  the  Church,  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  was  the  first 
to  be  met  with  in  travelling  to  Boston  from  these  eastern  parts, 
the  mission  may  be  said,  in  some  sense,  to  have  embraced  all 
that  was  then  settled  of  the  present  State  of  Maine. 

There  was,  at  that  time,  but  one  county,  that  of  York,  whose 
limits  included  all  the  territory  east  of  Piscataqua  River.  On 
the  19th  of  June,  1760,  two  new  counties  were  taken  from  this, 
the  more  easterly  one,  the  county  of  Lincoln,  having  Pownal- 
borough  for  its  shire  town.  This  town  included  the  ancient 
j)lantation  of  Frankfort,  and  its  area  was  so  large,  that  it  was 
afterwards  divided  into  three  towns.f  In  the  succeeding  year, 
the  Plymouth  Company  erected  the  necessary  county  build- 
ings, one  of  which,  the  court-house,  three  stories  in  height,  is 
still  standing,  a  conspicuous  object  to  all  who  pass  on  the 
Kennebec. 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  in   Pownalborough,  July  1st,  17()0.     He 


•  Sco  note  Da. 

t  Dresden,  Alna,  and  Wiscassct. 


1761.] 


LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     EAILET. 


79 


represents  the  majority  of  the  inhabitants  as  extremely  j)oor, 
and  very  ignorant,  without  the  means  of  either  religious  or 
secular  instruction.  He  resided,  for  the  first  few  months,  in 
the  family  of  Capt.,  (afterwards  JNlajor,)  Samuel  Goodwin, 
who  had  been  in  the  country  a  number  of  years,  as  a  surveyor 
and  military  oflicer. 


[View  of  the  Court-Housc,  Pownalborougli,  Maine.] 

But  little  is  to  be  found  touching  INIr.  Bailey's  first  year's 
labor  as  missionary.  In  a  letter,  (probably  to  Florentius  Vas- 
sall,  Esq.,  in  London,)  he  says:  "I  have  been  about  two 
months  upon  tiie  spot,  have  travelled  through  most  of  the  set- 
tlements upon  your  ])atent,  and  been  si.vty  miles  up  the  Ken- 
nebec. Frankfort  is  now  called  Pownalborongh,  and  has  in  it 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  famirK\-." 

After  the  court-house  was  built,  in  17(il,  it  was  used,  for 
many  years,  on  Sundays,  for  the  services  of  the  Church.  Pre- 
vious to  this,  these  services  must  have  been  held  in  the  chapel 
of  Fort  Richmond,  and  in  private  houses. 

The  inhabitants  of  Frankfort,  in  their  petition*  to  the  Ven- 


*  See  note  E,  for  the  petition  entire. 


80  FRO.NTir. K     missionauy;    or,  [17G2. 

erable  Soi-ii-ty,  in  17'j0,  for  a  missionary,  stated  that  "  llioy 
have  a  Cilcbe  of  200  Acres  of  good  Land,  wliicli,  with  their 
Conlrihntions  in  Money,  will  not  amount  to  less  than  X'2(). 
Sterlinff,  per  iinnuin;  and  as  soon  as  they  enjoy  the  l^lessing 
of  IVaee,  they  will  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  House, 
and,  in  the  mean  time,  they  ean  have  Rivhmoml  Fort  for  an 
House  for  the  Minister,  and  the  Chapel  belonging  to  it  for 
Pivine  Service,  and  the  l''arm  around  it  for  a  Glebe." 

'Y\\r  peoi)le,  from  ihfir  ))ovcrty,  were  unable  to  jierform  tlit- 
jiromises  which  were,  no  doubt,  honestly  made ;  but,  in  the 
spring  of  17()1,  Mr.  Bailey  removed  to  Richmoiul,  and  received 
a  grant  of  the  use  o(  the  laiid  around  the  fort,  to  draw  from  it 
what  prolit  ln'  ctuiid.  \\\  August  of  this  year,  Mr.  IJailey  was 
married  to  Miss  Sally,  fourth  daughter  of  Dr.  .lohn  Weeks,  of 
Hampton,  N.  H.  The  lady  was  much  younger  than  himself. 
She  had  been  one  of  his  scholars,  when  he  was  teaching  in 
the  place  of  her  residence,  and  much  evidence  yet  remains 
that  he  was  very  assiduous  in  his  endeavors  to  implant  in  her 
young  mind  the  princii)les  of  morality  and  religion,  as  well  as 
to  imi)rove  her  intellect  and  refine  her  manners.' 

In  1702,  Rev.  Hemy  Caner,  of  Boston,  wrotef  to  the  Society: 
"It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  me  to  hear,  as  I  have  repeatedly,  that 
Mr.  Bailey,  lately  sent  missionary  to  Kennebec,  is  highly  use- 
ful there,  by  his  diligence,  ])rudence,  and  exemplary  conduct. 
That  country,  though  a  frontier,  peoples  very  fast.  Had  they 
the  happiness  of  two  more  such  missionaries,  one  at  the  west- 
ern, the  other  at  the  eastern  boundary,  as  Mr.  Bailey  is  in  the 
centre,  the  whole  country  would  unite  in  one  profession,  with- 
out any  perplexing  disputes,  or  dilVering  sentiments.  But  this 
is  a  matter  which  must  be  referred  tt)  the  wisdom  of  the  So- 
ciety." 

From  the  report  of  Mr.  Bailey  to  the  Society,  in  1762,  we 
learn,  tiiat  a  gentleman  had  presented  to  the  parish  a  set  of 
Conuuimion  ware,  and  that  the  congregations  were  on  the 
increase,  both  at  Pownalborough  and  Georgetown.     He  states. 


•  See  note  F. 

t  Original  letter  quoted  in  Hawkins'  •'  Historical  Notices  of  the  Missions  of  the 
Church  of  England,"  p.  231. 


ITOL]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     IJAILKY.  81 

that  the  nnml)er  of  communicants  is  already  al)ovc  fifty.  '■  Ir 
gives  me  great  satisfaction,"  he  continues,  "to  find  Industry, 
Morality  and  Religion,  nourishing  among  a  People,  till,  of 
late,  abandoned  to  Disorder,  Vice  and  Profaneness,  which  Al- 
teration is  chiefly  owing  to  the  Performance  of  Divine  Service, 
and  those  Pious  Tracts,  which  the  Society's  Pious  Care  has 
dispersed."  He  acknowledges  "the  Receipt  of  a  great  Niun- 
l)er  of  Catechisms  and  Common-Prayer  Books,  which  will  be 
of  great  Service  to  the  younger  Sort,  and  Promote  tiie  Decency 
of  Divine  Worship."  However,  he  complains,  that  "the  Mis- 
sion is  attended  with  great  Disadvantages,  from  the  Poverty 
of  the  People,  and  the  Dilliculties  of  Travelling  in  the  Winter, 
when  the  Snow  is  sometimes  Five  or  Six  Feet  deep  for  several 
months.  Jf  a  Missionary  could  be  sent  to  George  Town, 
IlnrjtsirrI/,  and  Places  adjacent,  it  would  lessen  these  Dillicul- 
ties, and  very  much  establish  Religion  among  a  People  whom 
he  is  obliged,  in  Winter,  to  leave  almost  destitute;  besides 
that,  another  Minister  would  give  him  an  Opportunity  to  do 
more  service  in  the  New  Settlements,  and  upon  the  neighbor- 
ing Rivers  of  S/ieepsco/t  and  Ditmarascotta.^^ 

In  connection  with  this,  occurs  the  following  record  :  '•  The 
Society  have  also  received  a  Petition  from  the  Inhabitants  of 
(U'orgc  Town  and  Harpsirell,  on  Kennebeck  River,  dated  Dec. 
11th,  1761,  thankfully  acknowledging  the  Society's  charity  to 
them,  to  which  it  is  owing,  under  God,  that  a  sense  of  Religion 
is  preserved  among  them;"  and  observing  "that  the  large 
Increase  of  a  poor,  industrious  People,  consisting  of  above 
7,()()()  Inhabitants,  (situated  in  a  New  Frontier  Settlement, 
with  not  one  Ordained  Minister  of  any  Denomination  c-xct-pt 
Mr.  Pailey,)  ol)ligcs  them  hnml)ly  to  reciuest  another  Mission- 
ary for  this  large  District.  This  favor  they  particularly  en- 
treat for  the  Inhabitants  of  George  Town  and  ILtrpswell,  wirkh 
are  about  twenty  miles  froiu  Poinialhoroiigh,  where,  and  in  the 
neighborhood  of  which,  Mr.  Jidi/ei/  finds  so  full  Emi)loyment, 
that  he  can  ailord  the  Petitioners  but  a  very  small  Proportion 
of  his  Service,  and  that  to  the  Detriment  of  the  Places  contigu- 
ous to  his  Settled  Abode.  In  Hopes  of  this  further  Increase 
11 


82  KUONTIEU     MISSION  A  KY   ;     OK,  [1765. 

of  llu'  >i'(-i'() 'x  I  "iMiipassiou,  tlu-y  have  l)f«,'un  to  builil  a 
Church,  which  in  now  in  great  Forwardiirss,  and  ciigagi',  in 
their  prfHi-nt  U)W  and  hiborious  State,  to  give  the  Rlistiionary 
thi*  Suiirty  .nliall  br  plrasi'd  to  send,  £20  Sterlijjg  per  Ainiui/t, 
build  him  a  Parsonage  House,  and,  as  their  Circurnstanees 
cnhirgr,  give  hini,  from  Time  to  Time,  such  further  encourage- 
ment as  may  be  Proof  how  higlily  they  value  the  Blessing 
they  now  petition  for." 

This  petition  i.s  accompanied  by  a  letter  from  the  Kiv.  Mr. 
Giin  r,  minister  of  the  King's  Chapel,  in  Boston,  dated  June 
10th,  17(J2,  certifying  that  "the  above  is  a  faithful  and  modest 
account  of  the  Condition  of  the  People  on  Kvnncbcck  River, 
and  especially  at  George  Toirn,  where  Mr.  Bailrys  greatest 
Diligence  is  utterly  insutfieieut  to  answer  the  pressing  Neces- 
sities of  that  People  in  regard  to  the  Means  of  Publick  Wor- 
ship, and  begging  such  Assistance  as  their  Circumstances  do 
truly  call  for." 

In  ITtil,  an  Episcopal  Church  was  formed  in  Falmouth, 
now    Portland,   Maine. 

Hut  few  materials  remain  for  writing  a  detailed  account  of 
Mr.  Bailey's  life  during  the  next  five  years.'  That  he  was 
active  and  devoted  to  the  duties  of  his  Mission,  appears  from 
his  reports  to  the  Society,  in  which  he  gives  the  number  of 
baj)tisms  and  of  additions  to  the  Communion.  In  conse- 
quence of  the  want  of  a  parsonage,  he  became  a  tenant  of 
others,  and  was  obliged  to  remove  his  family  more  than  oik 
during  this  period,  and  a  largt-r  part  of  the  time  he  resided  in 
lliehmond,  while  the  services  of  the  Church  were  performed, 
and  most  of  his  parishioners  resided  in  Pownalborough,  on 
the   opposite  sid(^  of  the  river. 

From  tin-  2d  volume  of  "  The  Works  of  John  Adams,"  it 
Bccms  that  he  made  a  journey  to  Pownalborough,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  17(»'J.  No  uu'ntion  is  made  of  the  object  of  this  jour- 
ney. As  Mr.  Adams  was  then  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  it  is 
to  be  presumed  that  his  visit  to  these  eastern  parts  might  have 

•  iJcf  uotc  U. 


ITGG.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  83 

been,  to  attend  to  some  case  to  be  tried  at  the  term  of  the  court 
held  at  Pownalborouj^h.  Mr.  Adam?,  it  will  bo  remembered, 
was  a  claBsmate  of  Mr.  B. 

The  following  exiract  from  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Bailey, 
and  dated  Boston.  May  17th,  1700,  is  of  interest,  as  concern- 
ing the  history  of  the  Church  in  New  England:*  "I  must 
inform  you  that  the  Clergy  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  Towns, 
having  been  together  some  time  ago,  upon  a  special  occasion, 
agreed  upon  a  voluntary  annual  Convention  of  the  whole  Clergy 
of  this  Province,  to  which  the  Bishop  of  London  has  since  given 
his  Sanction.  The  day  appointed  for  this  year  is  the  first 
Wednesday  in  June,  on  which  day  there  will  be  a  Sermon 
preached  before  them  at  King's  Chapel  in  this  Town  ;  at  which 
you  an;  desired  to  be  present,  and  to  dine  with  me  after  Ser- 
mon. As  you  have  few  opportunities  of  meeting  and  convers- 
ing with  your  Brethren,  I  doubt  not  you  will  cheerfully  lay 
hold  of  this,  and  tai<e  the  benefit  of  the  lirollierly  correspond- 
ence and  advice  which  such  an  occasion  allbrds. 

f 

"  I  am.  Dear  Sir, 

"  Your  allec.  Bro.  and  humble  Servant, 

"  H.  Cankr." 

In  his  letter  to  the  Society,  in  170(5,  he  makes  the  following 
statement:  "  A  great  nu  in  her  of  Indians  freipient  this  Neigh- 
bourhood. They  are  the  Remains  of  the  ancient  Xorn'di^-c- 
ivalk  Tribe,  and  lead  a  rambling  Life.  They  sup))ort  1  hem- 
selves  entirely  by  hunting,  are  very  savage  in  their  Dress  and 
Manners,  have  a  Language  of  their  own,  l)ut  universally  speak 


•  "  Wc  have  now  to  remark  the  commencement  of  efforts  for  the  better  organisa- 
tion of  the  Church.  It  had  bcon  delerminod  by  the  clcr(j[y,  who  followed  the  remains 
of  Dr.  Cutler  to  the  grave,  in  \~<>'i,  to  have  an  annual  convention  nt  Boston,  with  a 
■view  to  promote  mutual  love  and  harmony  amoni;  themselves,  and  to  assist  each  other 
with  advice  in  dittieult  cases  The  plan  was  approved  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and 
the  first  meeting  took  place  in  June,  I7GC.  The  appearance  of  fourteen  clergymen, 
Walking  in  their  gowns  and  cassocks  in  procession  to  Church,  was  a  novelty  in  America 
at  that  time,  and  was  calculated  to  create  an  impression  of  the  importance  of  the 
body  to  which  thoy  belonged.  Dr.  Caner,  who  was  appointed  moderator,  prearlied  the 
first  sermon  in  King's  Chapel."  f 

fMacgilchist,  June  27,  1766. 

Hawkins'  Mistiona  oftht  Church  of  England,  p.  234. 


84  rijoNiiiu     \i  I -- '"  N  \  If  V  ;    OH,         [17(57. 

French^  oiui  also  |)rof«'!<8  the  Hoiuisli  Uilij,'ioij,  :uul  vi.-jit  Canada 
once  or  twice  a  Year  fi)r  Ab-^olutioii.  'J'liry  have  a  \in'\\{ 
Avcr!«ioii  to  the  Kn-^lish  Natii)ii,  chirlly  o\viii<,'  to  th»'  IiiMiu'Dcc 
of  Roman  Catholick  Missionarie»,  who,  instead  of  riKlcavoiir- 
ing  to  reform  their  Morals,  eoinply  with  thciii  in  their  iin)>t 
extravui»tint  Vices,  and  teaeh  them  that  nothing  is  ne(essar\ 
to  eternal  Salvation,  hnt  ti)  believe  in  the  Name  of  C/irisf,  to 
ack'  '   ••   the    Po|)e.  his  holy   \'iear,  and  to  extirpate  ili' 

En^  ,  lanse  they  eruelly  murdt-red  the  Savionr  of  Man- 
kind. He  concludes  one  of  his  Letters  with  a  Detail  of  tin 
great  'I'hini,'s  Dr.  (r'ardincr,  a  Physician  of  U()ston,  has  done, 
and  is  doing,  for  the  Church  of  Kiif^land  in  these  Parts;  par- 
ticularly his  generosity  in  giving  the  People  o(  Poiciuilborom^/i 
the  use  of  Ilithmonil  House  and  Farm  seven  Years,  for  Mr. 
Bailey's  Improvement ;  his  stibscribing  largely,  and  solieitiuL' 
a  Subscription  for  building  them  a  Church  and  Parsonag' 
House;  his  publishing,  at  his  own  Expense,  an  Edition  of 
Bishop  Beveridij;cs  Sermon  on  the  Excellency  of  the  Common 
Prayer,  which  has  been  dispersed  to  good  Purpose;  his  inten- 
tion to  give  a  Glebe,  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  House, 
and  endow  it  for  the  support  of  an  Ejuscopal  Minister,  at 
Gardner  s  Town." 

"From  Sept.  2Gth,  1704,  to  Sept.  29th,  17(5'),  Mr.  Paij.y 
baptized  Ul  Infants  arid  'i  Adults;  and  from  Sept.  iJlJth,  17()"», 
to  Sept.  23d,  17GG,  baptized  3S  Infants  and  1  Adult  ;  and  in 
each  Year  had  an  Addition  of  2  new  Comumnieants." 

The  clergy  of  Mas.sachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  met  in  con- 
vention in  Boston,  June  (>th,  17(57.  They  drew  up  a  report  to 
the  Venerable  Society,  which  contained  notices  of  ."^everal 
missions  in  those  provinces.  This  report,  which  was  dated 
June  7th,  concluded  with  an  earnest  appeal  to  the  Society  for 
American  bishops.  .Mr.  Bailey  signed  this  i)aper,  with  thirteen 
others  of  his  clerical  i)rcthrcn.* 

Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  his  brother-in-law,  Rev.  .1.  AVingate 
Weeks,  Rector  of  St.  MichaePs  Church,  Marblehead,  Mass.. 
under  date  of  November  Dith,  17(57,  as  follows :     *'  I  fmd  tin 

•  Hawkint'  HUtorlcal  Notices,  etc.,  r-  396. 


17G7.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  8.5 

treasurers  at  Georgetown  are  determined  to  prevent  us  from 
drawing  the  rates  belonging  to  the  Church  people,  unless  we 
can  recover  them  by  a  law-suit.  By  what  I  can  find  out,  there 
are  £400  or  .£-500  already  in  their  hands." 

The  original  Presbyterian,  or  Congregational  Society,  in 
Cieorgetown,  was  destitute  of  a  minister  for  thirteen  years, 
commencing  with  17'>2.  ])uring  that  time,  it  had  been  in- 
debted to  missionaries  of  the  C'hurch  of  England  for  ail  the 
regular  religious  services  which  it  (mi joyed.  The  i)lace  was 
especially  included  in  the  mission  on  ilie  eastern  frontiers  of 
INIassachusetts  Bay,  and  was  visited  by  Mr.  Bailey  and  his 
predecessor,  as  often  as  was  |)racticable.  Indeed,  Mr.  Baili'y 
states  that  he  had  "frequently  preached  there,  and  adminis- 
tered the  Sacraments,  and  found  the  Dissenters  so  much  in- 
clined to  the  Church,  that  had  they  a  Missionary  resident, 
they  would  probably  come  over  to  it." 

Under  such  circumstances,  the  withholding  of  these  rates, 
contributed  by  the  people,  to  whom  the  town  was  indebted  for 
the  ordinances  of  religion  during  a  considerable  part  of  so 
long  a  time,  seems  to  be  inexcusable. 

Under  date  of  October  30th,  1767,  Mr.  Bailey,  in  his  report 
to  the  Society  P.  (t.,  etc.,  "expresses  his  Satisfaction  to  lind 
that  the  j)oor  People,  who  petitioned  the  Society  for  a  Minis- 
ter, continue  steady  to  the  Church,  as  do  the  poor  Lutherans 
and  Ccilvinists,  and  most  of  the  young  People  among  the 
other  various  Denominations.  From  Oct.,  176(5,  to  Oct.,  1767, 
he  baptized  31  Infants  and  1  Adult,  and  had  an  Aildition  of  2 
new  Comnmnicants." 

The  Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  wrote  Mr.  Bailey, 
towards  the  close  of  the  present  year,  and  stated  that  he  had 
been  informed,  by  a  person  who  had  visited  Pownalborough 
some  months  before,  that  the  Church  people  in  that  town  "had 
not  yet  procured  a  house  for  him  to  liv<'  in,  nor  had  hardly 
done  anything  in  pursuance  of  their  engagements  to  the  So- 
ciety.'' II<'  gives  Mr.  Hailey  credit  for  "  his  great  tenderness 
for  his  people,  in  not  making  any  mention  of  this  matter.*' 
Fearing  that  this  di«lin(|neMcy  might  have  "put  .Mr.  Bailey  to 
some  dilliculties,  and  desirous  It)  give  him  some  present  relief, 
the  Society  ordered  him  a  gratuity  of  Ten  Pounds." 


86  FiioNTM.K    missionary;    on,  [1769. 

Ill  Ihf  roursr  of  thr  nrxt  yonr,  Mr.  Bailoy  rcceivrd  nii  invi- 
tation to  romovr  to  Aiiirsbury,  Mu^^s.,  and  to  tak«'  flKir<^(>  of 
th«'  Chljrrh  there.  Many  considi'mtions  must  have  conspired 
to  indnee  him  to  aeecpt  this  invitation,  yet  h*-  (lcei(h'd  to  re- 
main in  that  remote  region,  among  the  poor  peoj)le  to  whom 
he  had  ministered  nearly  «Mght  years. 

The  Rev.  William  Willard  Whi-rler  entered  u|)on  the  Mis- 
sion in  Georgetown,  dnrinj:^  the  summer  of  this  year,  and  thus 
relieved  Mr.  Hailry  of  some  of  the  labor  imposed  upon  liim, 
in  visiting  and  ollieiating  at  a  place  some  miles  from  his  resi- 
dence. 

Some  measures  appear  to  have  been  taken,  in  17<)fl,  towards 
the  erection  of  a  ('hiircli  in  l*i)wiialborough.  Dr.  Silvester 
CJardiner  int»'rest«'d  himself  much  in  the  enterprise.  He  solic- 
ited subscriptions,  and  himself  contributed  largely.  In  a  let- 
ter to  Mr.  Bailey,  accompanying  the  ])]ans,  Dr.  Gardiner  says 
of  the  proposed  building:  "  It  will  be  one  of  the  prettiest  in  the 
Province,  and  not  expensive,  and  a  bigger  on<*  you  can't  build.'' 

The  prospect  of  the  erection  of  a  Church  in  Pownalborough, 
set'ins  to  have  excited  the  opposition  of  a  few  of  the  citizens. 
The  following  letter  suiliciently  explains  itself:  — 

"  PowNALBORoroH,  March  2i9t,  1700. 

"  Ti>  /.%/•.  Mr.  Wii/frr.  Bosloti  : 

"Dr.AR  Sin:  —  The  bearer  of  this  letter,  Mr.  Ridall,  was  edu- 
cated a  Lutheran,  but  has,  for  some  years  past,  been  a  com- 
numieant  in  the  Church  of  England.  He  appeared  well 
afTccted  td  «)ur  worship,  till  the  Dis.sentcrs  lately  insinuated 
that  the  constitution,  discipline  and  worship  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  agree  almost  exactly  with  the  Independants  of  this 
coimtr\',  and  are  in  no  respect  like  the  Church  of  England. 
He  cannot  read  English,  but  understands  German  very  well, 
and  by  perusing  some  authors  in  that  language,  declares  him- 
self Ratishe^l  with  the  Church,  but  entreats  the  favor  that  you 
would,  by  a  line,  signify  which  is  nearer  to  the  Lutherans,  the 
Independants,  or  the  Church  of  England,  that  he  may  show- 
it  for  the  satisfaction  of  his  comitrymen  here,  who  are  willing 
to  abide  by  your  determination." 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  87 

The  building  of  the  churcli  was  delayed  from  some  nnex- 
plained  cause,  and  it  was  not  linished  till  the  autumn  of  the 
succeeding  year.  Mr.  Bailey  writes,  under  date  of  November 
5th,  1770 :  "  We  performed  service  yesterday  in  our  new 
Church.  The  outside  is  completely  linished,  the  windows 
glazed  and  put  up,  the  floor  laid,  and  a  temporary  pulpit  built. 
I  had  a  full  congregation,  and  gave  them  a  discourse  from 
Ecelesiastes  v.  1  and  2  verses."  The  churcli  was  called  St. 
John's  Church,  Pownalborough.  In  writing  to  the  Society  in 
I'^nglaiid,  he  says :  "  The  dimensions  of  the  Church  are  sixty 
feet  in  length,  including  the  chancel,  and  thirty-two  feet  in 
breadth.  1  acknowledge  not  only  the  generosity  of  Dr.  Gar- 
diner, but  also  the  charitaljle  assistance  of  several  gentlemen 
in  Marblehead,  and  other  places.  *  •  I  have  received  no 
support,  except  the  Society's  salary,  for  two  years  past,  and 
have,  besides,  been  at  considerable  expense  in  forwarding  the 
Church."  And  again,  speaking  of  the  Church,  he  states  that 
"they  were  much  obliged  for  it  to  the  liberality  of  Dr.  Gard- 
iner, who  gave  £-'jO  sterling  towards  it.  He  has  also  built  a 
Church  at  Gardiner's  Town,  nine  miles  up  the  river,  upon  the 
banks  of  which  are  near  300  families,  destitute  of  the  ])ublic 
worship." 

The  Church  at  Pownalborough  was,  at  this  time,  only  fitted 
temporarily  for  public  worship.  The  pews  were  afterwards 
erected.  On  the  17tli  March,  1771,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Dr. 
Gardiner:  "  1  would  submit  to  your  consideration,  whether  it 
may  not  be  proper  to  have  something  done  to  our  Altar  place, 
{sic,)  that  the  Sacrament  may  be  administered  with  greater 
decency.  You  doubtless  recollect,  that  when  I  waited  uj)on 
your  Church  Committee  at  Mr.  Powell's,  Mr.  (Gilbert  Deblois 
promised  that  he  would  give  us  a  Christening  Basin  and  Ves- 
sels for  the  Communion.  Would  it  be  amiss  to  remind  him 
of  it?" 

Late  in  the  fall  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  writes:  "  We  have 
been  removed  into  the  parsonage-house  tjiis  fortnight,  and 
have  one  room  already  very  comfortaiile.  We  have  been 
obliged  to  board  the  workmen,  and  must  still  keep  them  till 
they  have  done  another  room,  and  secured  us  from  the  wea- 


8S  FRONTIFIl      MISSION  A  UV;      OU,  [1771. 

tlirr."  la  auotluT  Ittn-r,  hv  icrU  ciillid  upon  to  mcinion  ilie 
"kimliiC5»9  of  thf  pooplr  ."iiu-e  my  sftllciticiit  ainonir  tlicin," 
i.  e^  removal  into  the  parsonagf-housc,  "for  you  must  mulcr- 
staiul  that  I  livrd,  hi-rrtoforr,  out  of  the  Parish." 

The   Memoir  of   Mr.  liaih-y  has  now  bi't-n   broii^'lit  up  i" 
what  may,  perhaps*,  be  coiisid^'nd  as  a  turning  point  in  that 
part  of  hif  life  whieh  was  passeil  on  the  K«'nnel)r<'.      Wr  hnv 
presented   but  a   brief  sketch  of   his   history  during  the   lir>i 
eleven  years  of  hi.s  Mission.     This  brevity  has  been  eaused  by 
the  absence  of  any  very  striking  events  during  this  time.     But 
an  opportunity  is  afl'orded,  at  this  stage  of  his  history,  to  tak'- 
a  general  view  of  men  and  things  around  him,  from  the  tim 
of  his  coming.     The  materials  for  this  view  are  to  be  found, 
mainly,  in  one  of  his  .MSS.,  written,  j)robably,  in  1771.     It  '• 
entilleil,   •'  Some   Account  of   the  first    Mission  on   Keniulx  ■ 
River,  with  various  transactions  rehitivr  to  the  same,  since  my 
arrival,  in  17(>0.      In  a  letter  to  a  friend." 

Speaking  of  the  i-ondition  of  the  inhabitants  in  these  east- 
ern regions,  when  he  first  came  among  them,  Mr.  Haih-y  says: 
"  The  people  were  thinly  setthnl  along  the  banks  of  rivers,  in 
a  country  which  aflbrded  a  rugged  and  <lisagreeable  prosj)ect  • 
were,  in  getieral,  so  poor,  not  to  say  idh*,  that  their  familii 
almost  sullered  for  necessary  food  and  clothing,  and  they  lived 
i?i  miserabh"  huts,  which  scarce  allbrdrd  them  shelter  from  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather  in  a  rigorous  climate.  And  their 
lodgings  were  rather  worse  than  food,  cloihiug.  or  habitation^. 
I  niight  here  add  many  afTccling  instances  of  their  extrcMn 
poverty,  —  that  muhitudes  of  children  are  obliged  to  go  ban  - 
foot  through  the  whole  winter,  with  hardly  clothes  to  cover 
their  nakedness,  —  that  half  the  houses  were  without  any 
chimneys,  —  that  many  people  had  no  other  beds  than  a  lu-ap 
of  straw,  —  and  whole  familits  had  scarce  anything  to  subsi-^' 
upon,  for  months  together,  except  potatoes,  roasted  in  lii 
ashes. 

"  Now,  is  it  probable,  that  the  inhabitants  of  such  a  wilder- 
ness country,  in  such  necessitous  circumstances,  and  so  far 
distant  from  any  large  town,  or  cultivated  region,  should  Hnd 
means,   either  to  support   the    Ciospcl,  or  to  provide    proper 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     Ri:V.      JACOB      BAILEY.  89 

instruction  for  tli«ir  tliiklrcn?  Beside?,  those  who  were  born 
and  educated  in  these  remote  parts,  were  so  little  aetjuainted 
with  any  religious  worship,  and  had  so  long  enjoyed  their 
native  ignorance,  that  they  discovered  hardly  any  inclination 
for  rational  or  moral  imj)rovement.  It  is  true,  that  these  peo- 
])le  had  either  been  brought  up,  heretofore,  where  the  Christian 
religion  had  been  enjoyed,  or  were  born  of  such  parents  as 
acknowledged  the  Gospel ;  but  how  many  melancholy  in- 
stances have  I  observed  of  this  truth,  —  the  impressions  of 
religion  and  morality  will  tpiickly  grow  faint,  or  entirely  vanish, 
where  neither  schools  or  Divine  service  are  maintained.  This 
I  most  j)t)sitively  allirm,  that  when  I  came  to  this  country, 
there  was  no  settled  minister  of  any  denomination  in  the 
whole  extensive  territory.  I  found  Christians  of  eight  dilVer- 
ent  persuasions;  multitudes  could  neither  read  nor  write; 
heads  of  families  were  unbaptized  ;  some  had  a  very  weak  and 
imperfect  notion  of  a  future  state,  and  fancied  that  they  should 
enjoy  their  wives  and  children  in  another  world;  many,  I  may 
add,  most  houses  were  destitute  of  Bi!)Ies,  or  any  other  books; 
they  had  no  settled  principles;  and,  in  short,  their  morals  were 
extremely  deficient.  *  «.  »  ♦  I  would  therefore  ask  all 
sober,  candid,  and  impartial  Christians,  whether  a  j)et)ple,  so 
riiuch  iindi-r  the  dominion  of  poverty,  ignorance  and  inuuo- 
rality,  were  not  jjropcr  objects  of  charity,  and  whether  the 
Society  for  Propagating  the  (Jospel  in  r\)reign  Parts  has  done 
any  injury  l)y  supporting  a  Mission  for  so  many  years,  and  for 
dispersing,  by  my  hands.  Bibles  and  other  pious  books,  to  the 
amount  of  above  .£30  sterling,  prime  cost,  in  London?     • 

"  And,  1  would  further  remark,  that,  as  no  other  worship 
has  ever  been  established  at  Frankfort,  but  that  of  the  Eng- 
lish Church,  it  cannot  be  removed  without  prejudice  to  the 
foreigners,  as  well  as  the  children  and  younger  pi'ople,  who 
have  been  constantly  used  to  our  service,  and,  as  many  of  them 
cannot  read  English,  they  are  incapable  of  understanding,  so 
as  to  profit  by  any  other.  I  am  conscious  that  my  intentions 
in  coming  among  this  people,  were  \o  serve  them  in  the  best 
maimer  I  was  able,  and  I  Matter  myself  that  in  many  instances 
they  have  receiv(>d  some  advantage.  I  have  ever  eompassion- 
1-2 


90  ricoNTirii    minvk.nauy;    ok,  [1771. 

ntod  their  povrrty,  and  liavc  hrcii  so  far  from  making  any 
doinaiuls  upon  iIhmu,  that  1  have  shan'd  with  them  in  many 
haril.-*hipH  and  dillicidtirs.  As  to  the  French  and  Dntth,  I 
have  found  them,  in  general,  a  .sober,  honest  and  industrious 
set  of  peoph- ;  and,  notwithstandinL,'  some  have  been  indneed 
to  nign  ft>r  a  Mfctinij,  yet  they  all,  ivxeept  on«'  or  two  Calvin- 
iats,  deelnre  that  they  had  ratlier  adhere  to  the  Church,  and 
besides,  thi'V  acknowledge  that  their  ministers,  when  they  left 
Ciermanv,  stn)ngly  recommended  their  joining,  if  possible, 
with  the  Church  of  England.  It  :i])pears,  upon  the  whole, 
\vT\  hard,  and  i"<  just  matter  of  complaint,  that  in  a  land  o( 
religious  liberty,  and  under  u  govj'rnment  where  all  religions 
are  tolerated,  any  should  be  teased  and  persecuted  on  aeeouii' 
of  their  particular  modes  of  wt>rshi|).  Yet  this  is  really  the 
case  at  I'ownalborough ;  for,  can  a  poor,  ignorant  man  be  at 
liberty  to  act  his  sentiments,  when  he  is  continually  persuaded, 
entreated,  reasoned  with,  and  perhaps  threatened,  by  a  gentle- 
man of  learning,  wealth  and  inllnenee,  to  whom  he  may  pro- 
bably be  indebted  ? 

'•  As  I  ob.scrvcd  before,  upon  my  first  arrival  in  tliis  country. 
I  found  no  settled  ministiT,  and  not  only  a  great  di-al  of  i^Mio- 
rance,  but  a  considerable  degree  of  backwar«lness  and  indispo- 
sition to  attend  Divine  service  among  people  of  every  denomi- 
nation. This  was  partly  owing  to  the  ditlicnlty  of  travelling, 
partly  to  the  want  of  decent  clothing,  but  chielly,  I  conceive. 
to  the  want  of  a  due  sense  of  religious  worship,  for  such  :i 
had  been  used  to  spend  the  Tiord's  day  in  idleness  ajid  halter- 
ing at  home,  could  not  suddenly  prevail  upon  themselves  to 
reform,  especially  as  there  was  some  didiculty  and  expense  in 
the  atTair.  Few  had,  however,  much  to  object  against  the 
Church  of  Kngland,  and  I  was  fretpiently  assured,  by  the  old- 
est and  most  religious  settlers,  that  if  .Missions  were  e.-tab- 
lished  at  convenient  distances,  especially  upon  Kennebec 
Kiver,  in  such  a  manner  as  people  might  genendly  attend  ser- 
vice, that  it  would  meet  with  almost  universal  acceptance,  and 
conduce  greatly  to  serve  the  interest  of  religion  and  mnr;dii\. 
The.se  .•sentiments,  St)  often  proposed,  together  with  the  increas- 
ing demand   for  my  labors,  induced  me   to  write  in  favor  of 


1771.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     liAILEY.  lU 

new  Missions,  and  at  length  one  was  established  at  (^leorge- 
town.  While  I  resided  at  Frankfort,  I  observed,  with  eoneern 
and  compassion,  that  the  French  and  Dutch  children  were 
likely  to  be  brought  up  in  ignorance,  for  want  of  a  school. 
This  induced  me  to  ofler  to  instruct  them  gratis,  but  travel- 
ling was  then  so  very  dillicult,  and  many  were  in  such  neces- 
sitous circumstances,  that  I  had  but  a  very  few  scholars,  and 
when  winter  came  on,  nothing  of  this  kind  could  I)e  continued, 
and  in  tin*  spring,  I  was  obliged  to  c-hangt;  my  lodgings,  and 
reside  at  Richmond,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  The  first 
summer  of  my  Mission,  I  olliciated  at  (Jeorgetown  every  third 
Sunday,  and  was  constrained  to  endure  a  great  deal  of  hard- 
ship and  fatigue,  being  obliged  to  travel  by  water  no  less  than 
eighteen  miles.  Once,  I  remember,  on  the  last  of  November, 
after  being  eight  hours  on  the  water,  in  my  way  to  George- 
town, without  anything  either  to  eat  or  drink,  it  was  my  mis- 
fortune to  be  lost  in  the  woods,  where  I  was  exposed  all  night 
in  the  open  air  to  a  most  severe  storm  of  wind,  rain,  thunder 
and  lightning.  And  commoidy,  in  my  journeys  to  and  from 
Georgetown,  I  suflVred  a  great  deal  with  hunger,  cold  and  wet, 
and  in  the  summer,  was  often  alllicted  with  extreme  heat,  and 
assaulted  with  armies  of  (lies  and  nuisketoes.  Sometimes, 
for  a  whole  season  together,  I  have  been  obliged  to  undertake 
this  little,  but  dillicult  voyage,  alone,  —  have  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  be  cast  away  by  the  violence  of  winds  and  waves,  and 
to  travel,  for  miles  together,  through  the  woods,  over  rocks  and 
precipices,  with  my  books  and  habit,  having  nothing  to  eat 
from  morning  to  night.  I  think  every  one  must  acknowledge 
that  it  required  no  small  degree  of  resolution,  prudence  and 
patience,  as  well  as  strength  of  constitution,  to  conduct  mat- 
ters properly  among  such  an  ignorant  and  unsteady  people, 
and  to  go  through  the  fatigues  of  travelling  in  such  a  rough 
and  wilderness  country." 

Jlad  Mr.  Bailey  been  obliged  to  contend  only  with  the  igno- 
rance of  the  poor  people  among  whom  he  was  settled,  he 
might  have  pursued  his  arduous  labors  with  some  satisfaction. 
Like  others,  who  have  addressed  themselves  to  the  work  of 
extending  the  Gospel  to  those  who  were  benighted,  he  woidd 


92  v.-.v......    -  r^<;  i.(N  \  i:  V  :    ok,  [1771. 

have  been  chccrfcl  with  the  evident,  though  pcrliaps  gradua!. 
improviMnrnt  of  tip  '  '■<  of  his  chnrpc,  and  liv  conlil  die 
content,  in  the  con-  ^s  of  having  labored  in  the  early 

stogcti  of  a  work,  which  others  might  be  privileged  to  carry  i>u 
toward**  perH'ction.     He  e(»idd  lo()k  for  an  increasing  attarli- 
mcnt  on  the  part  of  those  for  whose  henefif  he  had  sacrilleci] 
SO  much,  nnd  fed  that  he  wonid   Ix-  loved  while  living,  an 
that  hii*  memory  wonld  he  revered  when  lie  was  dead. 

Hut  the  establi.shnicnt  of  the  courts  in  Pownalborougli,  in 
1701,  introduced  a  new  clement  into  the  society  of  the  place. 
The  shire  town  became  the  temporary  or  settled  residence  of 
the  county  oiricen*,  and  gentlemen  of  the  legal  professior; 
This  at  once  created  an  aristocracy,  small  indeed  in  number 
but  of  controlling  influence.  In  education,  property,  and 
power,  these  persons  hail  immensely  the  advantage  of  the 
poor  settlers.  True,  the  ujinister  was  entitled  to  rank  with 
this  class.  If  he  could,  consistently  with  his  duty,  think  an  1 
aet  with  them,  his  situation  would  be  pleasant.  But  if  he  felt 
obliged  to  did'er  from  tliem,  tliey  c<ndil  render  his  situation 
very  imcomfortable. 

Wc  should  bear  in  mind,  as  accounting,  in  some  tlegrce,  for 
what  is  to  follow,  that  the  scene  of  the  transactions  was  on 
the  extremity  of  the  then   Province  of  IMassachusctt.'',  and  th:i 
from  the  didieulty  of  travelling  in  those  days,  it  was  furtlie 
practically,  from  Boston,  than  it  now  is  from  the  capital  of  tii 
nation. 

'I'his  remoteness  from  communities  of  greater  advanccmen  . 
which  almost  amounted  to  isolation,  permitted   a   great  abu 
of  power.      Amid  the  j)overty  which  so  generally  prevailed  i 
this  region,  few  would  dare  to  oppose,  in  any  way,  the  wish< 
of  men  of  wealth  and  influence,  to  whom,  |)erliaps,  many  wj-rc 
indebted  for  supplies  ft)r  their  families,  and  who,  having  a  part 
in  the  administration   of  the  law,    might  harass  and  even  ruin 
an     '  us  individual.      Mr.    Bailey    found  this   to   be  tru' 

It  misfortune  to  incur  the  ill-will   of  .^^omc   of  tlie>' 

officials.  Two,  in  particular,  distinguished  themselves  by  their 
enmity  to  him.  One  of  them  was  excited  mainly,  no  doub:. 
by  the  other,  who,  it  would  seem,  left  but  little  untried  to  ruin 


ITT?.]  LIFE     OF     RLV.     JACOB     I1AII.F.V.  '.)'] 

Mr.  Bailoy,  and  to  break  up  tlio  Clmrfh  in  iliat  rc^'ioii.  'J'lic 
iinmes  of  these  persons  will  not  be  given.  In  withholding  their 
names,  the  writer  is  aware  that  there  is  no  want  of  provocation 
to  a  dilTerent  course.  The  conduct  of  the  persons  spoken  of, 
while  it  distressed  the  missionary  in  this  region,  had  of  neces- 
sity no  small  eflect  on  the  interests  of  the  Church.  As  it  will 
be  necessary,  frequently,  to  refer  to  these  persons,  we  shall 
designate  the  principal  as  M.  and  his  subordinate  as  N. 

Mr.  Bailey  records  some  of  the  doings  of  M.  in  his  journals, 
lie  brings  charges  against  him  of  ungentlemanly  and  even 
indecent  conduct,  and  of  oppression,  in  his  letters  to  his  cor- 
respondents, some  of  whom,  at  least,  were  acquainted  with  the 
subject  of  these  charges.  He  makes  distinct  statements  re- 
specting this  man  in  his  reports  to  the  Society  for  Propagating 
the  (tospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  and  complains  grievously  of  him 
l)y  name  in  a  memorial  addressed  to  the  Convention  in  Boston, 
in  177'2.  Not  a  line  is  found  among  Mr.  Bailey's  papers, 
which  tends  to  show  that  his  opinion  of  M.  was  a  mistaken 
OIU-.  Those  of  his  correspondents  who  possessed  the  means 
of  correcting  these  statements  if  tiiey  were  erroneous,  make  no 
attempt  to  do  so,  and  the  inference  is  that  they  were  correct. 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  "  A  Letter  to  a  friend,''  »5s:c.,  which  has  been 
before  (pioted  :  "As  I  j)resently  found  that  M.  still  profrssed 
himself  a  Dissenter,  I  seldom  entered  into  any  controversy 
with  him  about  our  dillerent  persuasions,  and  he  as  cautiously 
avoided  begitming  any  dispute  with  me.  He  used  sometimes 
to  attend  Divine  Ht'rviee,  but  more  frecpiently  tarried  at  hoiue, 
and  when  he  attended,  commonly  behaved  with  a  great  deal 
of  irreverence,  especially  at  prayers."  .  ..."  I  had, 
])resently,  sufficient  evidence  that  he  used  all  his  endeavours  to 
prejudice  the  minds  of  the  people  against  the  services  of  the 
Church,  that  he  comleuined  several  |)arts  as  directly  contrary 
to  Scripture,  and  matle  ;ui  (i|)eii  ridicule  of  others,  which  he 
was  not  alVie  to  confute.  And  when  I  received  a  number  of 
Common  Prayer  l^ooks  from  the  Society,  he  took  the  liberty 
to  scratch  out  several  sentences  in  all  that  he  could  procure  to 
his  hands."  .  .  '•  From  the  beginning,  as  I  have  already 
observed,  h(^  was  very  negligent  in  hi-  attendance  upon  j)ul)lic 


\)[  FEosTii: It    minskinauy;    ok,  [177*2. 

\vi)r-tiij>.  iii'i  w  ii.  II  jn. '1  (li.  11-  u' i"  rally  Ijcliavi'tl  with  f;reat 
iiidivfiuy,  fontriviii^,  l)y  ji  imiltitmlt'  of  boyish  tricks, to  make 
thf  women  »mile;  and  sometimes  lie  has  taken  a  primer,  instead 
t'f  a  Pniyer  Book,  and  n-ad  ont  of  it  with  an  audihie  voice. 
M.  was  nlways  extremely  iiuhistrioiis  in  jjrocuring  from 
Boston,  and  other  phuM-s,  all  the  little,  dirty  pieces  that  have 
a|)|)eared  a^'ainst  the  Church  of  liiiuland,  especially  '  The 
Dissenting;  (Ji-ntleman's  Answer  to  Mr.  White's  three  Letters," 
the  very  title  of  which  airrighted  sinjple  |)eople  from  the  Church, 
and  prevented  them  from  attending  the  service.  Thi'se  l)c»)ks 
he  used  to  reeonmiend  and  put  into  the  hands  of  all  disail'ectcd 
persona."  •  •  •  "  Many  low,  dirty,  and  scandalous  remarks 
have  been  written  by  this  gentleman,  both  in  the  great  Bible 
and  Conunon  Prayer  Book,  used  in  Divine  service.  Instead 
of  money,  M.  used  often  to  put  into  the  contribution  box,  soap, 
scraps  of  paper,  news  letters,  and  once  a  pack  of  cards.  It  is 
to  be  observed  that  all  this  was  done  before  the  least  ditlerence 
subsisted  between  us.  I  bore  all  this,  with  many  personal 
rellcctions,  without  expressing  the  least  resentment,  eitlur  to 
him,  or  to  any  other  person."  .  .  "  M,  took  the  liberty  of 
disj)ersing  several  Ct)nHnon  Prayer  Books,  without  my  knowl- 
edge, having  first  corrected  iliem  agreeable  to  his  taste,  and 
when  1  afterwards  reproved  tiiin  for  the  lil)erty  he  had  taken 
with  me,  both  in  a  public  and  private  capacity,  he  replietl  tiiat 
he  had  treated  me  just  as  I  deserved,  and  as  for  those  things 
he  had  erased  from  the  Prayer  Book,  they  ought  not  to  be  in 
it.  This  he  attended  with  a  loud  and  contemptuous  laugh  ; 
but  these  were  but  the  beginnings  of  that  temper  and  disj)osi- 
tion  of  mind  he  has  since  discoven-d.  He  has  laboured  all  in 
liis  power  to  ruin  my  interest,  to  prevent  my  usefulness  among 
the  j)eoplir  ;  he  has  unjustly  and  falsely  wounded  my  reputa- 
tion ;  has  been  cdutriving  to  make  the  most  fatal  mischief  in 
my  family,  and  labouring  to  stir  u|)  lawsuits  against  me.  And 
tliat   he   might  more  elVectually  ac(H)mplish    his  iniquitous  ile- 


•  Tiii«  work  mml  ha»e  had  a  widc-Kprrad  circulation,  since  the  Ilev.  Dcvcrcnx 
jMTat  (tato*  that  at  the  time  hi«  attention  wnt  turned  towards  the  mini»try  of  the 
Church  of  England,  this  booli  wa«  put  iut3  his  hand^,  in  Virginia,  the  place  of  his 
rctidsDce. 


1772.]  LIFE     OF     RKV.     JAf'On     UAILEY.  05 

signs,  did,  in  my  absence  nt  Georgetown,  open  my  desk,  and 
lake  out  divers  pa})ers,  which  he  spread  abroad  with  invidious 
remarks  and  comments,  to  my  great  damage.  As  to  N.,  he 
was  once  a  communicant,  but  it  appears  at  the  instigation  of 
M.,  has  left  the  publiek  worsliip  for  several  years,  and,  though  I 
have  fretpiently  written  to  him  with  the  utmost  complaisance, 
and  signified  my  earnest  desire  after  a  reconciliation,  yet  he 
still  continues  inexorable,  and  treats  both  me  and  my  letters 
with  the  utmost  contempt.  Upon  the  whole,  I  am  fully  con- 
vinced that  the  above  mentioned  gentlemen  have  always, 
notwithstanding  their  pretensions,  been  enemies  to  the  Church  ; 
have,  in  artful  manner,  plotted  against  the  Society's  Mission, 
and  secretly  endeavoured  to  banish  that  generous  bounty  from 
these  parts." 

"  I  have  never  received  any  salary  from  the  people.  My 
perquisites,  such  as  marriages,  contributions,  6cc.,  have  not 
amounted,  take  one  year  with  another,  to  £dO,  old  tenor,  and 
the  last  two  years  they  have  not  been  .£20,  besides  presents 
from  particular  persons,  which  is  not  so  much  as  I  have  to  pay 
for  house  rent.  I  had,  indeed,  the  improvement  of  Richinond 
Farm,  through  the  bounty  of  T)r.  (Jardiner,  for  seven  years, 
but  the  inhal)itants  of  Pownall)()rougli,  especially  jjcople  of 
substance,  almost  destroyed  the  wiiole  j^rolit  by  large  droves 
of  wild  horses  and  cattle,  which  no  fence  could  resist  which 
we  were  able  to  make.  And  though  Mr.  MacClennachan  was 
paid  for  the  pasturing  of  creatures,  I  never  had  but  one 
dollar,  which  a  poor  man  gave  me,  while  my  rich  neighbours 
never  allorded  me  a  farthing,  even  when  their  cattle  had  de- 
stroyed both  my  hay  and  garden.  Every  winter  since  my 
arrival,  there  has  been  a  proposal  on  foot  for  building  a  meet- 
ing-house, though  they  were  never  able  so  much  as  to  begin, 
before  the  present  year,  and  all  the  success  of  their  jiroceedings 
is  now  owing  to  the  falst^  and  malicious  representations  of  two 
or  three  gentlemcii.     •  I  have  long  been  convinced,  by  the 

l)rt)ei>edings  of  our  gentlemen,  that  it  picjues  their  |iride  to  have 
any  other  minister  than  one  of  their  own  choosing;  they  are 
really  too  self-sutBcient  to  receive  one,  even  from  the  most 
respectable    and    jhdicious    body    of    men,    and    are    above 


9G  .  .  •  ^  !••  ^   :    "It,  [1 ''"'-• 

ackiiowK'dging  then»8t'lvr»  imirliiLtl  lo  uiiy  Society  of  Chri>i- 
ian»  for  tlu*  support  of  tlirir  n'ligious  worship.  I  imi.^t  tuM. 
that  both  N.  tiiul  M.  havr  long  i'm|)Ioyi'(l  all  tlu-ir  indui'ix 
and  authority,  to  prevent  people  from  attending  Divine  Servii 
c»peeially  the  latter,  who  prohihits  hi:}  .«*ervanls  from  comin- 
to  ehureh.  And  tlfv  not  only  contrive  means  to  hinder  olliern, 
hut  have  praet  nllitude  of  stratagems  to  keep  me 

honte,  »inee  I  muvni  over  to  the  western  side   of  the  river,  1 
detaining  every  boat  and  canoe  they  can  get  into  their  pow' 
And  especially  last  Easter,  that  I  might  not  be  able  to  olliciai 
they  came  the  Wednesday  before,  with  a  number  of  men  and 
cattle,  broke  two  locks,  seized  a  canoe  in  my  cure,  and  carrit  <1 
it  olV,  it  being  the  only  one  on  this  side  fit  to  launch  into  tl 
water  when  the  river  opened.     13ut  it  is  observable  that  our 
common   people  were  never  disposed  to  ft)llow  the  example  •'•' 
our  gentliMuen  ;  they  were,  on  the  other  hand,  abundantly  moi 
kind  and  generous  after  their  enmity  began,  and  more  consta 
in  their  attendance  on  publick  wi)rslii|).     My  congregation,  iti 
good  weather,  has  been  near  a  third  larger  since  the  above  left 
going  to  church.     In  :i  word,    1   am  persuaded  that  these  gei- 
tlomen  had,  from  the  begiimiiig,  a  settled  design  of  drivii 
away  the  Mission  from  Pownalborough,  and  in  order  to  eil'i  i 
this  meritorious  design,  Ihey  have  stuck   at   nothing,  Iiowcn 
unjust,  false  and  injurit)us;    but   as  this  could  not   easily  be 
accomplished,  my  character  and  iiilliu'ii(<'  must   be  sacrilici'd 
to  their  favorite  views." 

Mr.  Hailey  had  hardly  reuutved  into   the   parsonage-huu-'  . 
(which  was  oidy  partially  tinished,)  when  M.  claimed  the  iai 
on  which  both   the  parsonage  and  the  church  were  built.      1 ' 
"proceeded  so  far  as  to  threaten  tlu*  people  if  they  went  : 
church  ;  he  declared  that  he  would  build  a  chimney  in  it,  (i.  ■ 
the  chuieh,)  and  place  a  ti'uaut  on  the  laud."     The  origin 
this  claim  is  somewhat  obscure.     As  mar  as  can  now  be  :i 
ccrtained,  it  seems  to  have  been  this:      A  j)er.-«on  who   li  i  i 
bci'U  an  ollieer  in  the  Church  at   Pownalborough,  and  who-< 
general  conduct,  both  before  and  after  this  transaction,  appears 
to  have  been  friendly,  claiuu'd  the  land,  as  administrator  <  ' 
the  estates  of  some  pcrsuus  dcceasi'd.      This  is  the  more  r'  - 


1772.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  07 

markablo,  as  Mr.  Bailoy  pays  not  only  lliat  "Dr.  Cardliipr  jnit 
me  in  possession  of  the  land  above  two  years  since,"  but  that 
the  administrator  above  referred  to,  "on  my  lirst  arrival, 
showed  me  this  tract,  as  the  parsonage-lot,  employed  proj)le 
the  next  year  to  work  on  it  as  such,  and  gave  me  leave  to  have 
the  buildings  erected  upon  it."  How  the  claim  was  transferred 
to  M.  does  not  appear.  But  when  it  passed  into  his  hands, 
he  lost  no  time  in  his  eflbrts  to  obtain  the  land.  A  suit  at  law 
for  its  possession,  instituted  by  I\I.,  was  decided  in  his  favor, 
and  judgmetit  was  obtained.  Dr.  Gardiner  was  written  to  on 
the  subject,  who  replied:  "July  22d,  1772.  •  •  If  they 
serve  an  Execution  it  is  at  their  peril,  and  don't  resist  the 
oilicer,  l)ut  go  to  lodgings,  leaving  everything  in  the  house 
behind  you.  Remember  what  T  now  write;  if  they  serv(?  an 
Execution  on  your  house,  or  the  Church,  you  will  make  the 
best  voyage  you  ever  did  in  your  life,  for  they  and  all  their 
coadjutors  can  never  make  the   land  where   the   Church   and 

your  house  stand.s  to  be,  or  ever  was,  any  part  of 's  estate, 

more  than  they  can  prove  the  sun  to  be  green  cheese :  there- 
fore I  beg  to  hear  no  more  of  this  aflair,  until  you  are  carried 
by  the  sherifl*  out  of  the  house,  and  then  I  will  see  justice 
done  both  to  you  and  the  Church ;  but  this,  you  may  depend, 
will  never  be  attempted." 

Meanwhile,  the  members  of  the  congregation  became 
alarmed  that  the  church  and  parsonage,  which  had  l)een 
obtained  with  so  much  exertion,  (and,  as  Mr.  Bailey  says,  by 
great  sacrifices  on  their  part.)  should  l)e  jilaced  in  a  situation 
apparently  so  perilous.  Inllucneed,  pr()l)al)ly,  by  their  apjire- 
hensions,  Mr.  Bailey,  being  threatened  by  M.,  concluded  to  take 
a  lease  of  him  for  six  months,  which  was  aft(^rwards  renewed 
for  three  months  longer.  Air.  Bailey  undoubtedly  Ixlieved 
that  this  course  was  the  most  expedient  for  him  to  take.  But 
it  unfortunately  excited  the  anger  of  Dr.  Gardiner.  The  mat- 
ter was  brought  even  before  the  Convention  of  Massachusetts, 
and  caused  some  angry  debate,  but  was  finally  drojipcd.  Mr. 
Bailey  states,  most  explicitly,  that  he  acted  under  the  advice 
of  judicious  lawyers  in  this  matti-r,  who,  as  the  case  then  ap- 
13 


98  FRONTir. R    missionary;    or,  [1772. 

Pl'iirhI,  thought  that  he  could  not,  on  an  appeal  to  a  higlicr 
eourt,  get  the  jiulgineiit  reversed.  A  more  accurate  survey, 
afterwards,  showed  that  "the  Church  and  thirty-five  acres  of 
land  were  without  the  limits  of  the  administrator's  claim;  the 
parsonage-house  was  found  to  l)e  on  land  of  which  M.  gave 
him  no  h-ase,"  while  the  grant  frt)iu  the  Plymouth  Company 
was  not  included  in  the  tract  claiiufd  by  INI.  The  matter  was 
shortly  after  settled  by  the  instrumentality  of  Dr.  (Jardiner,  and 
the  title  to  the  glebe  was  not  again  disputed. 

Whether  or  not  I\I.  was  honest  in  his  part  of  this  business, 
cannot  now  l)e  decided.  The  afVair,  however,  gave  Mr.  IJaiiey 
much  uneasiness,  and  .seemed,  at  one  time,  to  be  lilvcly  to  l^c 
fatal  to  his  prospects.  There  were  not  wanting  circumstances, 
however,  to  encourage  him,  for  he  reports  to  the  Society  "  that  of 
the  forty-nine  persons  baptized  in  the  year  1772,  twenty-one  had 
belonged  to  the  families  of  rigid  Dissenters.  On  Trinity  Sunday 
I  had  five  new  Couununicants,  all  educated  Presbyterians." 

Rev.  William  W.  Wheeler  resigned  his  Mission  in  George- 
town in  the  spring  of  1772.  This  not  only  deprived  Mr.  Bailey 
of  the  occasional  counsel  and  assistance  of  the  only  Church 
minister  in  Maine,  but  threw  the  whole  burden  of  that  Mission 
again  upon  him,  from  which  he  had  been  relieved  during  the 
four  years'  incumbency  of  Mr.  Wheeler. 

Rev.  William  Clark,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dedham, 
Mass.,  wrote  Mr.  Bailey,  under  date  of  July  10th,  1772,  with  a 
view  of  obtaining  the  parish  at  Georgetown.  Mr.  C.  was 
induced  to  think  of  this  on  account  of  the  "support  of  the 
Mission"  at  Dedham,  being,  at  that  time,  "too  scanty,"'  and 
likely  thus  to  remain,  till  "the  estate  in  reversion"  fell  in. 
Dr.  Caner,  of  Boston,  was  favorable  to  Mr.  Clark's  intentions. 
But  nothing  appears  to  have  been  done  in  the  matter. 

The  following  extract  fntni  a  letter  of  Mr.  l^ailey,  is  part  of 
the  early  history  of  a  i)arisli  now  arrived  at  a  condition  of 
mueli  ^tretlgth  and  prosperity:  — 

;  ive  lately  (August  llitli,  1772)  dedicated  the  new 
Church  at  (Jardinerstown,  nine  miles  up  the  river,  and  iIk; 
p,M»p!.'  ;ire  very  urgent  for  my  preaching  freijuently  among 


1773.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  99 

them.  I  have  likewise  received  several  invitations  from 
Georgetown,  but  I  cannot  possibly  answer  all  these  demands 
without  neglecting  my  own  people." 

The  matter  of  M.'s  claim  to  the  glebe  was  arranged  as 
above  stated.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  a  friend,  that  "  the  settle- 
ment of  our  Parsonage  has  given  us  high  spirits,  but  a  mortal 
chagrin  to  our  enemies." 

This  active  persecutor,  iiowevcr,  was  not  yet  discouraged. 
The  Church  was  incorporated  by  the  General  Court  in  1773, 
and  a  parish  meeting  was  called  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  by 
M.  and  N.,  during  the  absence  of  the  two  wardens  and  of 
JNIajor  (joodwin.  The  warrant  contained  but  two  articles, — 
First:  to  choose  a  moderator.  Second:  to  choose  a  parish 
clerk,  assessors,  and  a  committee  for  managing  parish  affairs. 
All  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants,  legally  qualified  to  vote 
in  town  meetings,  were  required  to  attend.  From  the  titles 
given  to  some  of  the  officers,  e.  g.,  "committee  for  managing 
parish  affairs,"  and  also  from  the  omission  of  names  of  war- 
dens and  vestry,  it  is  evident,  that  this  could  be  no  meeting  of 
the  congregation  attending  the  Church.  As  all  freeholders, 
etc.,  were  notified,  the  intention  manifestly  was,  to  form  a  new 
religious  organization,  —  its  character  to  be  determined  by  the 
majority  of  the  voters  present.  IMany  Churchmen  were  "le- 
gally (lualified  to  vote  in  town  meetings,"  and  therefore  at- 
tended on  this  occasion,  as  they  had  a  perfect  right  so  to  do. 
M.  was  the  active  spirit  at  this  meeting.  A  moderator  of  his 
own  selection  was  chosen,  who  decided  that  "no  Churchman 
had  any  right  to  vote."  "  Our  people,"  says  Mr.  Bailey, 
"  though  twenty-four  to  twelve,  offered  to  withdraw  from  their 
meeting,  and  never  more  to  concern  themselves  with  any  parish 
allairs  for  the  future  ;  provided,  they  would  agree  not  to  tax  us 
towards  the  Congregational  worshiji,  l)ut  this  was  utterly 
denied  us."  Upon  the  withdrawal  of  the  Churcluncn,  and 
part  of  the  others,  the  business  was  left  in  the  hands  of  eight 
})(>rsons.  "  These  dissenters,  though  so  few  in  number,  (juar- 
rellcd,  the  same  evening,  among  themselves,  about  fixing  the 
place  for  their  meeting-house;  and  upon  hearing  that  their 
lumber  had  been  seized,  became  wholly  disheartened.      •     •     • 


1(M)  iu<iNTii:u    MissiONAUv;  OR,  [1773. 

Thcrr  is  not  a  siii^lf  \v«iril  ii»  tin*  warrant  about  a  riiiiiisttT  or 
a  mt'ftin^-liouso." 

Thi."*,  whiih  \vn»  one  of  sevcml  nbortive  attein|)ts  to  rstah- 
H-hIj  till*  (\tnf;rt'fjatioMaI  iihk1«'  of  worship  in  tlir  wrsttrii  j)ar' 
of  Ptiwnulljorough,  i.n  t^pokcn  of  lirn*,  tliai  it  may  be  seen  Im»\\ 
violent  nntl  lui.Heriipulotus  was  the  op|)o.>*ition  of  a  very  few 
jn(Iivi(hialr«  in  that  plaee  to  the  Chiireh  of  Enylatul. 

Mr.  Haih'y  writes  to  a  friend:  "  Rev.  Mr.  Badger  pn'ached 
for  nie,  June  20th.  I  have  likewise  had  a  visit  from  Monsi<'nr 
Balcle,  Romish  Mi.aisionary  to  the  Indians  of  St.  Franeis.  W< 
hove  now  at  our  honse,  Monsieur  Naphew,  a  Franciscan  friar. 
from  Brittany,  in  I'rance.  I  have  made  considerable  profi- 
ciency in  the  I'renc-ji  language.  •  •  1  (■.\i)ect  to  j)n:i(li. 
next  Sunday,  in  a  new  pulpit.  Mrs,  l^alK-y  has  collected, 
nmotig  the  women,  .£1'),  O.  T.,  towards  furnishing  the  pulpit- 
cloth,  etc." 

The  re|)ort  to  the  Society,  in  October  of  this  year,  contain- 
the  following:  "  I  have  baptized,  since  October  last,  lifty-liv< 
persons,  four  of  them  adults;  and  notwithstanding  the  vioU-n; 
attempts  of  my  inveterate  enemies  to  injure  the  Church,  m\ 
parish,  at  present,  is  in  nourishing  circumstances.  Our  peo|)lt 
have  built,  at  their  own  expense,  an  eli-gant  pulpit  and  readiiii: 
desk,  and  tht'ir  wives  and  daughters  have  furnished  it  with  a 
cushion,  and  hangings  of  crimson  damask.  Our  j^arsonage- 
house  and  land,  which  occasioned  me  so  much  concern  and 
expense,  are  now  redeemed  fri)m  the  |)ower  of  our  em-niies, 
and  I  hope  to  enjoy  them  in  j)eace.  I  woulil  liki'wise  be^' 
leave  to  recommend  the  pcojile  at  (Jardinerstown,  and  the  si>i- 
tlcmcnts  above,  on  Kenneljeik  river,  to  the  Society,  as  object- 
of  their  charitable  assistance.  They  are  a  luixture  of  variou 
denominations,  chielly  very  j)oor,  among  which,  numbers  an 
well  dispos(>d  towards  the  Church.  Many  were  formerly  under 
my  care  at  Bownalborough,  and  several,  communicants  of  good 
character.  It  appears  probable,  that  if  a  Missionary  was  fixed 
at  Oardinerstown,  with  proper  encouragements,  the  people,  in 
general,  would  adhere  to  the  Church.  I  have  olllciated  twice 
thissumnjerat  the  last-mentioned  place,  and,  on  the  iSfli  of  Au- 
gust, baptized  twenty-two  persons,  eight  of  them  adults.    These 


1774.]  LIFE     or     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  lUl 

infant  settlements  extend,  from  Pownalhonmc^h,  forty-five  miles 
along  the  river,  and  contain  four  luindred  families,  among  which 
tiiey  have  no  ordained  minister  of  any  denomination,  to  admin- 
ister the  ordinances,  and  to  pre.'^erve  a  proper  sense  of  religion. 
But  such  are  the  necessitous  circumstances  of  the  people,  the 
dilliculty  of  travelling,  and  the  expense  of  living,  that  no  Mis- 
sionary can  subsist  upon  Kenneheck  river,  with  credit  to  his 
profession,  without  a  liberal  sui)port ;  and  every  dilliculty  here 
is  rather  greater,  I  conceive,  than  in  the  adjoining  Province  of 
Nova  Scotia,  where  many  of  the  English  entered  upon  lands 
already  improved  by  the  former  French  inhabitants.  I  would 
further  mention,  that  Dr.  Gardiner,  who  has  erected  a  decent 
Church  at  Gardinerstown,  and  provided  a  glebe,  engages,  be- 
sides, to  give  ten  pounds  sterling,  per  annum.  I  am  obliged 
to  remark,  that  we  arc  indebted  to  the  care  and  vigilance  of 
this  gentleman  for  the  redemption  of  our  parsonage  at  Puwn- 
alborough,  and  its  present  establishnu'iit  upon  a  sure  founda- 
tion." 

That  Mr.  Bailey  had  not  lost  his  early  passion  for  writing, 
ajipears  from  a  statement  which  he  makes,  wherein  he  says: 
"  I  have  almost  finished  a  description  of  the  eastern  country, 
in  three  chapters.  The  first  contains  the  CJcography  and 
Natural  History;  the  second,  an  account  of  the  Ancient 
Indians;  and  the  third,  the  most  remarkable  events,  from 
its  discovery  in  1G03,  to  the  present  day,  with  a  view  of  its 
late  jirodigious  improvements  in  the  character  of  its  inhabit- 
ants. My  account  takes  in  all  the  country  between  Casco 
Bay  and  Nova  Scotia.  I  have  had  unexpected  assistance, 
both  from  gentlemen  and  boolis."  He  also  states  that  "two 
gentlemen  have  otlered  me  seven  guineas  for  the  copy  of 
Madockawando,  for  the  press,  but  1  refused.**  That  his  tem- 
poral prospects  were  brightening  at  this  time,  appears  from 
the  following  extract  from  a  letter  to  a  relative,  in  August  of 
this  year:  "  I  have  a  wealthy  parishioner,  Mr.  Ayling,  from 
England,  who  has  purchased  Richmond  farm,  to  the  amount 
of  sixteen  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  and  is  on  the  spot,  making 
great  improvements."' 

Jn  February  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  visited  the  npj)er  set- 


102  FRONTIFR     MIRSIONAUY;     OR,  [1774. 

lUiiKii;-*  (in  tin-  Kiiiii'  :i' c,  ir;iv«'lliiig  the  wliDJe  tlistance  in  a 

Hli'igli  on  tlio  fro/«'ii  rivi-r.     Ills  jouriu-y  extcnclccl  aliovc  Fort 

Ilalifax,  in  the  present  town  of  Win.slow.     IJeinj^,  on  Siuulay, 

iicrrs,  who,  until  thrn,  hatl  hail  no  n-HiL^ioiis 

,  !i('(l  to  a  congngation  of  forty  prrjions,  and 

II   that   region  ho  baptized  seventeen,  whose   names  are  re- 

I  in  his  journals. 

1  ..ree  years  had  now  passed  since  Mr.  liailey  removed  with 

is  family  into  the  parsonage-house,  thus  securing  the  first 

I"  rnianent  habitation  which   they  had   enjoyed  since  he  had 

Urn  in  his  Mission.     WhiU'  the  house  was  in  building,  he  had 

enclosed  about   three   acres   for  a  garden,   and   began    imme- 

liately  to  cultivate  it  with   great  industry.      Nearly  a  dozen 

;  in  one  of  his  journals,  are  occupied  with  his  "  Obser- 

:is  in  gardening  in  the  Autumn  of  1774,  and  spring  of 
17^'."  Till -I-  observations  arc  curious  in  more  than  one 
rcspi'ct.  'I'licy  note  jiarticulariy,  not  only  the  kind  of  seeds 
sown,  and  shrubs  and  trees  transplanted,  but  also  give  each 
day  in  which  the  work  was  done,  state  the  quantity  of  what 
was  put  into  the  ground,  with  the  precise  locality.  It  would 
seem,  from  this  record,  that  there  could  have  been  but  few 
l)l;iii;s,  cither  of  the  ornamental  or  usefid  kind,  then  known  in 
New  Kngland,  of  which  a  specimen  might  not  be  seen  grow- 
ing near  the  humble  parsonage  of  this  frontier  Missionary. 
Till'  neighboring  fields  and  forests  were  also  laid  under  contri- 
Ittiiitin,  and  many  wild  llowers  were  mingled  with  the  more 
euhivatetl  ones.  Even  the  sea  beach  of  his  native  place  had 
fnrnisheil  one  of  the  two  or  three  species  of  vegetation  which 
its  arid  sands  can  nourish.  Tradition  confirms,  what  would 
be  '^nrtnised  from  his  journals,  that  the  minister's  garden  at 
l'»i\.  ii.;ll)orough  had  fuw  superiors  east  of  Boston. 

The  following  letter,  addressed   to   a   female   friend  a  few 

!-  after,  '!         '    -   his   residence   at    I'ownalborough  :     ''I 

at  this  I  present  to  my  imagination,  those  roman- 

les  which  surrounded  my  habitation,  many  of  which 

aiiiler  my  eye,  or  were  formed  by  my  conducting  hand, 

:■ .    !'■  the  rcmaintler  appear  in  all  their  native  wildness,  and 

are  cither  beautifully  irregular,  or  excite  the  ideas  of  admira- 


1774.] 


LIFE     OF     KEV.     JACOB     HAILEY. 


10:3 


tion  and  honor.  INIy  cln-cHing  was  situatnl  on  the  snnunit  of 
a  towering  eminence,  between  two  navigable  rivers,  which  dif- 
fused itself  into  an  extensive  plain,  agreeably  diversified  w*tli 


<^' 


k    J. 


[View  of  the  Piirsonagc  at  Pownalborough.] 

clumps  of  evergreens,  and  lofty  spreading  trees,  interspersed 
with  grass  j)lats  and  cultivated  herbage.  Around  the  house 
lay  a  garden,  containing  three  acres,  mostly  on  a  gentle  decliv- 
ity; several  regular  squares  and  elegant  parterres  had  been 
created  out  of  the  rocky  and  stubborn  materials,  divided  into 
walks  and  borders,  either  crowded  with  thriving  fruit  trees  of 
various  species,  or  adorned  with  a  multitude  of  various  shrubs 
and  (lowers,  which  added  softness,  splendour  and  beauty  to 
the  wilderness,  and  perfumed  the  air,  already  |)ure  as  the  virgin 
breezes  of  Paradise,  with  their  blended  fragrance.  The  other 
parts  of  this  enclosure  continued  still  in  all  the  misshapen 
rudeness  of  nature,  where  she  puts  on  the  roughest  appear- 
ance, and  wore  an  as|ic(t  wrinkled,  severe,  rugged  and  de- 
foruied  beyond  expression.  Here  we  l^eheld  the  j)rostrate 
trunk  of  some  enormous  tree  which  sunk  Ixiieatli  the  burdeu 
of  age  and  infirmities,  or  else  was  borne  down  headlong  by 
tlir  rapid  tempest,  mouldering  into  its  original  dust,  while  a 


10  I  lUONTIKU     MISSION  A  It  V  ;     OK,  [1775. 

miinrrou!*  ofT^prii)';  wrrc  s|)rin;,'liig  tip  on  t-vory  side,  and  I'xiilt- 
ing  in  the  pridi-  of  youtlifiil  virdun*;  tluTc,  on  the  margin  of 
a* rocky  rniirifncr,  covrred  with  thorns  and  briars,  you  might 
discover  the  breaking  precipice  with  gaping  cav«'rns  and  ragged 
fnignjcnts*,  tiunbling  to  the  bottou),  coinj>osed  a  |)ile  of  defor- 
mity, the  habitation  of  reptiles  and  vermin.  On  the  western 
quarter,  beyond  the  limits  of  the  garder)  and  a  winding  road, 
lay  a  large  open  grove  of  maples  and  beeches,  with  two  or 
three  majestic  oaks,  which  reared  their  venerable  heads  abov< 
the  surrounding  trees;  at  a  further  distance,  on  the  declivity  of 
the  hill,  is  situated  a  stately  forest,  sloping  into  an  impenetra- 
ble swam|)  of  spruce  and  cedar,  ending  in  cultivated  (iejci- 
along  the  llowery  banks  of  Kenncbeck,  while  from  the  cham- 
ber windows  we  have  a  prospect  of  tin?  White  Mountains, 
above  lifty  miles  remote,  concealing  their  glittering  summits 
among  the  clouds.  I'rom  the  same  apartment,  to  the  south, 
appeared  a  numlicr  of  si'ttlenu'nts,  stretching,  for  miles  to- 
gether, on  the  Eastern  River,  and  the  waters  of  .Merrymecting 
Bay,  with  the  adjacent  hills,  closes  the  delightful  view,  (^n 
the  northern  (puirter,  at  the  distance  of  fifty  rods,  almost  ob- 
scured Ijy  a  rising  grove  of  birches,  appears  the  Church,  an 
elegant  building,  standing  on  a  gravelly  spot  of  ground,  sur- 
rounded with  a  large  piece  of  beautiful  turf.  From  the  east- 
ern door  in  front,  througn  a  spacious  avenue,  we  have  a  fine 
prospect  of  the  river  .Mundooscottook,*  which  ajipcars,  by  a 
deception,  almost  contiguous  to  the  garden,  ruiming  at  the 
bottom  of  a  large  open  pasture;  beyond  the  river  the  laml 
rises  with  a  majestic  grandeur,  and,  swelling  with  a  stupcn- 
duous  arch,  covered,  with  trees,  the  hori/on."t 

It  has,  we  presume,  snlUciently  aj)peared,  that  the  "  Itinerant 
Mission  on  the  Eastern  Frontiers  of  Massachusetts  13ay"  was 
no  Bineeure.  The  territory  it  embraced  was  extensive,  the  inhab- 
itants thinly  scattered,  and  the  rueans  of  travelling  were  incon- 
venient, and  oftentimes  dangerous.  The  poverty  and  igno- 
rance of  the  people,  and  the  imscrupulous  opposition  of  some 


•  Of  Eutcrn  lUrex.  f  Sec  note  11. 


1774.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  lOj 

persons  of  wealth  and  innnence  greatly  increased  labors  which 
were  of  themselves  sulliciently  arduous  to  have  discouraged 
most  men.  To  all  these  dilliculties  were  now  to  be  added 
others.  The  date  of  Mr.  Bailey's  coming  into  these  regions 
was  almost  the  same  as  that  of  the  commencement  of  those 
measures  on  the  part  of  the  British  government,  which  finally 
alienated  the  American  colonies.  The  nature  of  these  mea- 
sures and  their  dates,  are  too  well  known  to  the  intelligent 
reader  to  render  it  necessary  that  they  should  be  stated  here. 

The  first  instances  of  political  persecution  which  Mr.  Bailey 
experienced,  occurred  at  a  distance  from  the  place  of  his  resi- 
dence. On  the  7th  September,  1771,  he  set  otT  with  a  friend 
for  Boston.  His  journal  states  that  he  was  "insulted  the  next 
day. 

"  Sept.  Slh.     Lodged  at  Millican's.'     Ill  treated. 

•  •»••• 
"llt/i.     Lodged  at  Newbury:  the  country  all  in  commotion. 

•  ••*»• 
"14///.     Convention  8'jrmon  preached  by  Mr.  Seargent. 

•  •  •  •  •  • 
"23c/.     Mobbed  at  Brunswick;  got  home  at  night. 

"  '2C^f/l.  Abroad ;  fled  from  the  mol).  Ijodged  at  George 
Miers'." 

He  afterwards  writes  to  a  friend  :  "  I  was  obliged  to  ab- 
scond in  the  night,  to  avoid  the  fury  of  the  mob,  and  to  keep 
myself  concealed  two  days." 

Under  date  of  October  17th,  1771,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  as 
follows,  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts:  — 

"I  take  this  opportunity  of  writing  by  Capt.  Callahan,  one 
of  my  Wardens,  bound  directly  from  this  place  to  (ila.-'gow, 
sinfc  the  unhappy  condition  of  this  country  renders  it  wholly 
unsafe  to  trust  a  letter  by  the  way  of  Boston  to  London.  I 
have,  since  my  last,  visited  the  upper  setth'inents  u|)on  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  to  the  distance  of  fifty  miles,  where   I  baptized 


•In  Scarborough. 

14 


Kx;  iic()Nrii:u    MissioNAKv;    ok,  [177-4. 

twrntv  iiifiintM  ami  two  lulult-*.  Notliini;  rcin:irUal)le  has  oc- 
curred in  my  parir^li,  but  I  liavr  tl)«'  >«aii>fartion  to  observe. 
that  none  of  my  hearers  have  cntereil  into  :my  desperate  com- 
binations a^'uinst  the  authority  i>f  (Jrrat  Hrifain,  nor  joined 
in  any  of  those  tumults  and  insurrections  whii  li  have  lately 
prevailed  in  other  parts  of  the  Province,  and  even  in  the  neii,'li- 
bourinj;  towns.  On  my  late  journey  to  Boston,  I  was  fre- 
quently insulted  and  mobbed,  and  iimnediately  after  my  return, 
this  place  was  invaded  by  one  hundred  men  in  arms,  while  tli' 
Court  wa8  sitting,  vowing  reveng*?  upon  me  and  several  of  iir, 
parishioners,  for  op|)osing  the  solemn  league  and  covenair. 
To  avoid  their  fury,  I  was  obliged  to  (lee  from  my  house  in  tip 
night,  and  to  conceal  myself  for  two  days.  The  mob  was  a 
length  obliged  to  disperse,  without  success,  or  doing  any  eon- 
siderable  mischief.  In  the  neighbouring  settlements,  however. 
they  assaulted  both  persons  and  property,  brake  into  houses 
and  stores,  abused  the  iidiabitants,  and  destroyed  their  sub- 
stance, and,  after  being  intoxieated  with  strong  rKpior,  fon^'ln 
among  themselves.  We  are  daily  thr»'ateni'd  with  another 
hostile  invasion  ;  and,  it  may  be  remarked,  that  these  insurree- 
tions  are  encouraged  by  some  of  our  magistrates,  and  the  late 
mob  was  headed  by  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly.  In 
short,  nothing  can  be  more  dismal  than  the  situation  of  the 
Episcopal  ministers,  and,  indeed,  of  all  who  have  any  depend- 
ence upon  Great  liritaiti.  They  are  daily  |K»rsecuted  with 
provoking  insults,  lo:uled  with  .^lioc'iing  execrations,  and 
alarmed  with  the  most  bloody  nienaees,  and  that,  not  by  the 
meaner  ral)ble,  but  l)y  j>ersons  of  the  highest  distinction,  and 
even  those  who  heretofore  wen-  in  the  greatest  repute  for 
moderation,  pietv  and  tenderness,  have  now  lost  every  senti- 
ment of  humanity,  behave  with  the  wildest  fury  and  destruc- 
tion, and  breathe  forth  nothing  but  slaughter  and  destmction 
against  all  who  are  unwilling  to  engage  in  their  extravagant 
schemes.  I  have  observed,  with  regard  to  this  Province  and 
New  Hampshire,  where  I  have  a  large  acquaintance,  that  the 
friends  of  government  are  chiefly  either  Ei)iscopalians,  or  sober, 
sensible  persons  of  other  denominations,  who  are  ecpially  averse 
to  intidelity  and  enthusiasm;  but  if  the  sons  of  liberty  should 


1775.]  LIFE     OF     RKV.     JACOB     IJAILKY.  1()7 

prevail,  our  dt'structioii  will  bo  inevitable,  and  tliousaiuls  nf 
Ills  Majesty's  loyal  subjerts,  who  aekiiowledge  the  authority 
of  the  parent  touutry  from  priuc-iples  of  conscience  as  well  as 
grateful  iuelination,  will  instantly  be  reduced  to  the  extreinest 
misery  and  ruin.  Nothing  has  inspired  these  opposers  of  gov- 
ernment with  greater  resolution  and  fury,  than  a  speech  said 
to  be  written  by  the  Bishop  of  St.  Asaphs.'  I  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  remarking  the  fatal  elVects  of  this  |)erformanee,  not 
only  at  Boston,  but  in  travelling  two  iiundred  miles  through  a 
populous  part  of  the  country.  This  has  given  them  occasion 
to  al)use  every  Episcojialian  who  cannot  acknowledge  the 
sentiiuents  of  His  Lordship,  with  the  forced  construction  they 
are  pleased  to  put  upon  His  words,  '.rhe  shutting  up  of  Bos- 
ton harbour,  and  the  prevailing  violence  of  this  raging  faction, 
have  already  n-duced  me  to  great  distress  in  my  private  allairs, 
and  it  is  with  the  utmost  dilliculty  I  am  able  to  procure  the 
necessaries  of  life."' 

The  winter  of  1771—3  passed  oil"  without  much  poliiieal 
disturbance  in  the  "  West  Precinct  of  Powiialborougl),''  where 
the  church  was  situated.  From  the  journals  of  Mr.  Bailey,  it 
seems  that  the  number  of  attendants  on  public  worship  during 
the  three  years  after  the  church  was  built,  ranged  from  fifty  to 
one  hundred  and  thirty. 

The  news  of  Lexington  battle,  (which  was  some  days  in 
reaching  Kennebec,)  caused  considerable  excitement  among 
the  j)eo|)le.  Mr.  J3ailey  slates  that  on  the  day  of  the  receipt 
of  the  inlclligence  "of  Col.  Percy's  defeat,*'  he  was  "abroad, 
and  assaulted  by  a  number  of  rullians."  Two  days  after  tiiis, 
Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Marl)lehead,  Mass.,  arrived  with  iiis  family.  He  had  been 
driven  by  political  persecutions  from  his  j)arish,  and  sought 
refuge  with  the  subject  of  this  Memoir,  who  had  married  his 
sister. 

"  The  circumstances  of  Mr.  Weeks'  family  determined  him 


•  Bishop  Shipley.  Thi«  production  was  quoted  by  Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  in  hi« 
speech,  (IpliTereJ  at  Washington,  July  1th,  18-51,  on  the  occasion  of  lajing  the  comer 
stone  of  the  enlargement  of  the  Capitol. 


108  riioNTiru    >f  issioN  A  K  V  ;    on,  [1775. 

to  sock  a  r'ni^f  in  iii<-  r<  ^i.ui>  m  kcilIU'bcck,  wIuTC  ln*  liail 
Boino  pojiM'S!«ii)ii.s  ill  laiul.  He  arrivcil  at  Frankfort,  with  liis 
faiuiiy,on  WVdni'sday  rvrning,  April  liOtli.  Notice  was  iiunu'- 
diati'ly  given  to  M.  ami  tlie  rabble,  ami  not\vitli.staiuliii«i  their 
wide  dii>pcrsions,  the  latter  were  ar^scinhled  at  the  (.'oiirl-huiise 
by  hunriiie  the  next  ni()rnin<^,  to  pn-veiit  hiiii  from  lundin^^  his 
furniture.  The  multitude  were  evidently  eonveiied  to  r<iipport 
the  L'omniitti'e  in  their  malignant  de^;igns  upon  Mr.  Weeks, 
against  whuin  they  had  nothing  to  allege  but  iiis  profession  as 
a  clergyman  of  the  Chureli  of  Kugland  ;  and  his  character. 
\vhich  was  not  only  irreproachal)le,  but  exemplary.  •  •  • 
In  the  midst  of  this  bustle  and  confusion,  the  Committees  of 
several  neighl)ouring  towns  hajipened  to  arrive,  when  it  wa- 
agreed  to  leave  the  alVair  of  Mr.  Weeks  to  their  united  deter- 
mination. After  keeping  that  worthy  gentleman  under  severe 
examination,  stamling  before  them  as  a  (riminal  above  an 
hour,  they  dismissed  him  awhile,  for  the  purpose  of  mature 
consultation  among  themselves;  then,  calling  him  in  the  sec- 
ond time  into  their  important  and  mighty  presence,  compelled 
liim  to  sign  an  ignominious  paper,  and  then  gave  him  a  permit 
for  landing  his  goods."  ' 

III  .luiie  of  this  year,  Mr.  Bailey  received  an  invitation  from 
the  wardens  of  the  Church  at  Falmouth,  to  ollieiate  there  ilui- 
ing  the  absence  of  Ri;v.  Mr.  Wiswell,  the  Rector  of  the  parisji. 

The  following  is  found  in  the  MS.  "  Ilijitory,''  etc.,  quotct! 
above,  and  is  stated  to  have  occurred  in  August  of  this  year: 
"  One  Harvey,  as  the  rabble  wen;  marching  along  the  rt)ad  l)y 
the  Church  at  Pownalborough,  loaded  his  musket,  and  then 
presented  it  at  the  parsonage-house,  where  the  Rev.  .Messrs. 
Weeks  and  Bailey  resided.  T!ie  latter,  with  several  children, 
was  then  looking  out  of  the  window,  when  one  of  the  com- 
pany demanded  of  Harvey  'what  inducement  he  had  to  be- 
have in   this  manner?'      He  replied:   'this  is  a nest  ol 

— —  tories,  and  I  am  going  to  blow  as  many  of  them  to  tin 

as  possible.'     Having  finished  this  reniarkable  speech.  Ik 

snapped  his  gun  several  times,  but  it  was  Providentially  prc- 

•  MS.  Ilutory  of  the  Eastern  Countrjr,  by  lie  v.  J.  Bailey. 


1775.)  LIFE     or     REV.     J  A  con     llAILEY.  10!) 

vented  from  goin^^  oil"  iiotwillistaiuling  it  was  never  known, 
before  or  after  this  experiment,  to  miss  fire.  And,  it  is  further 
observable,  that  the  moment  this  fellow  reached  the  Court- 
house, he  disehargi'd  Iiis  musket  without  the  least  dillieuUy. 
The  family  thus  devoted  to  destruction,  v/ere,  at  the  time, 
wholly  ignorant  of  their  danger,  and  received  their  information 
immediately  after,  from  a  couple  of  young  fellows,  more  civil 
and  humane  than  the  rest.  It  was  asserted  that  Ilarvey  bor- 
rowed this  gun  of  M.,  but  what  temptation  he  had  to  intrust 
it  to  a  stranger,  remains  a  secret,  unless  we  conclude  that  he 
might,  with  greater  safety,  engage  him  in  some  fatal  piece  of 
mischief,  than  one  who  had  connexions  among  us.*"' 

"  About  the  beginning  of  this  summer,  one  Whiting  was 
engaged  to  olllciate  at  tlu;  Court-house.  This  fellow,  now  10 
or  liO  years  of  age,  had  been  extremely  notorious  for  his  vicious 
and  idle  conduct,  having  first  been  expelled  from  the  college  at 
Cambridge,  and  afterwards,  (it  is  reported,)  obliged  to  (lee  from 
the  seminary  at  Providence,  for  stealing  the  President's  horse. 
lie  had  been  employed  for  some  time  as  a  schoolmaster  in 
Ketuiebeck,  but  was  represented  as  a  person  disposed  to  ridi- 
cule both  religion  and  virtue,  yet  pretending  to  a  sudden  and 
miraculous  conversion,  and  assuming  uncommon  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  liberty,  he  is  conceived  to  be  an  happy  instrument  of 
carrying  on  the  blessed  work  of  ruining  the  Church;  and 
though  it  is  allirmed  that  he  boldly  preached  tlie  sermons  of 
Presidi'ut  Davies,  and  other  writers  of  a  sprightly  and  fanatical 
turn;  yet  he  was  higlily  caressed  by  our  leaders,  and  extolled 
as  an  angel  from   Heaven  to  proclaim  the  everlasting  Gospel. 


'  luv.  J.  W.  Wcfks  wrote  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Partti,  aii  t'ollows  :  — 

"  PouTSMocTii,  Sept.  7thi  17"'3. 

"I he  condition  of  your  Missionaries  is  truly  dcploriiblc:  they  have  cncniic-s  all 
around  thcni,  and  no  friends  but  God  imd  their  consciences.  I  am  now  stripped  of 
tlic  comforts  and  convrnicnccs  of  life  ;  my  wife  and  a  fumily  of  eight  helpless  children 
arc  obliged  to  ivcck  shelter  in  a  wihlernciis,  the  horrors  of  tvhich  they  hud  never  seen 
or  fi>U  before.  And  even  there  they  have  not  been  sulferod  to  remain  in  quiet.  Their 
happiness  has  been  often  intcrrujited  by  insults,  and  by  the  snapping  of  a  loaded  gun 
ttt  Mr.  Hailcy  and  me,  while  walking  in  the  garden.  We  have  no  hope,  but  in  the 
experience  of  your  wonted  charity." —  Ilawkiits'  Hist,  of  Miim'on',  rtr.,  p.  216. 


lit)  rilONTlKK     M  I  SS  ION  A  li  Y   ;      OK,  [1775. 

And  tli«)iigh  .Hcrvirr  was  constantly  jx Trorinrtl  ovt-ry  Sunday 
at  fhnrtli,  fitlirr  l)y  .Mr.  Wti-k.s  or  Mr.  Hailcy,  y«'t  all  who 
Were  inttincd  to  favor  the  |)n's(iil  (-orninotion.s  atti-ndt'd  liis 
vocifrnition.^*,  an<l  bfsiilr.s,  .somi'  |)fr?'t)ns,  who  dc-^irjul  still  to 
adhrre  to  the  Church,  went  occasionally  to  incctin<,',  hoiiin*^ 
by  thi»  Mfasonuhlc  compliance'  cither  to  avoid  the  imputation 
of  being  enemies  to  the  country,  or  to  escape  the  |>crsccution 
they  conceivetl  wn.n  (h'sccndiii:;  on  their  nei^'hbour.-*.    .... 

''  Hut  Whiting  was  not  the  only  Apostle  of  Kcnnebeck.  One 
Alden,  a  noteil  .\na-baptist  preacher  from  (Jreat  Britain,  made 
his  appeanince  in  these  parts,  and  was  extremely  it)strnii)cntal 
in  seducing  ignorant  and  cnuhilous  people.  And,  notwith- 
standing his  character,  attended  his  itinerant  performances, 
and  it  was  acknowlcdgetl  wherever  he  travelled  that  he  had 
twice  been  dismissed  from  the  ministerial  oHice  for  gross 
immoralities,  and  liad  been  tried  at  the  Old  Bailey  for  the 
crime  of  perjury,  yet  he  was  followed  and  ap|ihuided  by  the 
imdistinguishing  mohility  and  persons  of  distinction,  as  some 
great  pro|)het,  or  messenger  from  heaven.  •      'J'liis  fellow 

jireachetl  in  almost  every  settlement  along  the  hanks  of  Ken- 
ncbeck,  and  greatly  conduced  to  hrinir  everytliinf,'  sacred  and 
decent  into  contempt."* 

"The  inhabitants  of  Frankfi)rt,  or  the  \Ve.-«t  l*arish  i»f  Tow- 
nalborough,  continued  quiet  and  composed  till  about  Christ- 
mas, 177''),  when  Mr.  (Joodwin,  a  deputy-sheritl  and  jail  keeper, 
began  to  spirit  up  tin*  jieople.  'J'his  man  was  open,  generou<, 
positive,  and  l)lustering, — served  this  yearns  Church  Warden, 
but  was  intimatc'ly  connected  with  M.  and  X.  lie  sudiienly 
attempted  to  raise  all  the  young  fellows  among  us  in  defence 
of  liherty,  and  engaged  them  to  assemble  on  New  Year's  day, 
to  erect  the  standard  of  defiance.  Every  method  of  allurement 
and  menace  was  practised  to  convene  tlie  people  upon  iliis 
important  occasion;  but  about  twenty  persons  had  resohiiion 
eniuigh  to  disregard  every  incitctnent,  and  refused  to  give  their 
attendance.  The  confusion  and  uproar  wliiih  ensued  were 
beyond  example;  the  day  was  consumed  in  the  exercises  of 

*  See  note  I. 


1770.]  LIFE     OF     KEY.     JACOB     15  A  I  LEY.  Ill 

(Jrinklng,  swearing,  traitorous  imj)rccations,  and  the  most 
liorriblc  cfTui^ions  of  profancness  and  impiety.  Several  |)eoj)Ie, 
in  the  fervor  and  wantonness  of  tlieir  zeal,  proposed  that  the 
minister  shonld  be  eondueted  by  a  sullieient  military  force 
from  his  habitation  to  the  pole,  nnd  tlirre  hr.  obliged  to  c-onse- 
erate  this  exalted  monument  of  freedom:  others,  inileed,  were 
so  niodest  as  to  oppose*  the  motion,  and  when  it  was  comndt- 
ted  to  the  common  sullrage,  it  was  carried  in  the  negative  by 
a  trifling  majority  only.*  »  *  •  .  •  Immediately  after  this 
distinguishing  event,  near  one-half  of  the  congregation  with- 
drew from  the  Church,  the  minister  was  stigmatized  as  a 
mortal  enemy  to  his  country  for  neglecting  to  observe  a 
thanksgiving  appointed  by  the  Provincial  Congress,  though 
the  very  persons  who  were  loudest  in  their  exclamations  cer- 
tainly knew  that  he  had  received  no  inl\)rmation  time  enough 
to  givi'  publick  notice. 

"  My  Presbyterian  neighbours  were  so  zealous  for  the  good  of 
their  country  that  they  killed  seven  of  my  sheep  out  of  twelve, 
and  shot  a  fine  heifer  as  she  was  feeding  in  my  pasture,  and 
niy  necessities  were  so  great  in  the  following  winter  that  I 
was  obliged  to  dispose  of  the  remainder  of  my  cattle  except 
one  cow.  The  next  spring,  as  I  was  endeavoring  to  cultivate 
a  garden  sj)ot,  whicii  I  had  j)repared  from  a  rocky  wilderness, 
with  great  labour  and  expense,  the  leaders  immediately  began 
to  intirrupt  my  honest  endeavours  for  the  support  of  my  family. 
They  daily  threatened  that  prodigious  numbers  of  people  were 
assembling  in  the  adjacent  settlements  to  put  down  the  Church 
and  to  burn  my  habitation  over  my  head." 


•  "  It  was  determined  that  <a  lilit-rty-polc  should  bo  raised  brforc  the  Church  door, 
'  to  affiont'  (ns  it  was  said)  '  the  parHon,  and  to  express  their  defiance  of  the  Kinf^,' 
but  >[r.  (ioodwin,  a  Church  Warden,  the  principal  conductor,  (under  the  secret 
direction,  as  I  siippose,  of  M.,)  being  opposed  by  the  Ycstry,  eight  in  nuniljcr, 
induceil  the  people  to  erect  it  on  the  plains.  M.,  sonic  days  before,  hud  engaged  to 
give  th'iu  a  quantity  of  rum  to  elevate  their  itpirits  upon  the  glorious  occasion. 
When  tlio  appointed  day  came  this  gentleman,  upon  their  appearance,  according  to 
previous  agreement,  delivered  his  present,  with  the  assurance  that  he  would  haro 
cheerfully  assisted  in  person  had  he  not  been  unwell.  Capt.  Lovcjoy  insisted  upon 
my  bring  sent  for  to  consecrate  the  pole  liy  prayer,  unA,  if  I  refused,  it  was  purposed 
that  I  should  be  whipped  around  it,  but  the  motion  was  lost  by  a  majority  of  two."t 
t  lite.  J.  Iliilry'i  MS. 


11*?  rnoNTiER    MISSION  A 11 V  ;    oil,  [1776. 

JLitj  '>>^I,  1777.     A  Hoii  rii   to    Mr.   IJuiley,  wlio  was 

bapti/iHl  l»y  the  name  of  '  llij«;li  I'tny.' 

IVom   Mr.  Bailey's  Journal  of  tliia  year  we  extract  the  fol- 
lowing:— 

•  ^^  "'2'*itL     Summoned  before  the  L'oiiimit Ice. 
Examined  by  the  Committee. 
I  under  bonds. 

•  ••••• 

^*^  August  lith.  Forbidden  to  pray  for  ll>e  King.  Only  di- 
livertnl  a  sermon.     Thirty-live  present. 

'*23//.  On  a  journey  :  lodged  at  Rev.  Mr.  Bass's,  Ncwbury- 
port. 

^'  :::\jjUmUir  iVUi.  \  iMlcd  ul  ticurj^'fiowii.  liapu/cti  tm 
cliiltlriii. 

••  Octitbtr  'Z^Ui.  Urfon-  tlic  CoiiuniiU'i-  for  r.ot  reading  tlir 
Deelaration  of  Independence,  for  praying  for  the  Kin",  mi  i 
for  preaching  a  seditious  sermon." 

In  a  letter  written  some  time  after  this  to  the  secretary  t)t' 
the  Venerable  Society,  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "In  the  universal 
confusion,  tumult,  and  destruction,  which  prevailed  in  tlie  be- 
ginning of  the  war,  many  persons  were  driven  by  the  impulses 
of  fear  to  act  against  both  conscience  and  inclination.  On 
the  t>ne  hand,  we  were  a.s.«aulted  by  armed  multiuides,  pourini; 
out  torrents  of  reproach  and  execrations,  and  threatening  to 
■  ••  victims  of  their  vengeance.  On  the  other,  we 
'  (I  l)y  the  entreaties  and  tears  of  our  friends  to 
a  little  compliance,  (whicli,  by  the  way,  only  in;uie 
our  eneniies  the  fiercer,)  while  we  were  confidently  told  that 
iiiir  liniiirni  in  oiIk  r  p:iii-  liiid  fiijlv  \  iilrlcd  to  the  requisitions 


•  \  prf^f  «f  Mr  flnHrrN  1r»rn1tT.    The  name  nelccted  for  the  child  iraa  that  of 

In  a  letter  received  from  a  descendant  of 

t  nrciirs :  "It  wa»  the  intention  of  Mr.  and 

rcy,  liul  Mrs.  Callohnn,  the  Godmother, 

li'rnid  to  give  this  name,  and  called  him 

i.c{  Luti.Ai.il.    U«  wtut  baptixcd  Charles  Percy,  and  altrays 


1777.]  LIFE     OF      REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  113 

of  Congress  and  the  spirit  of  the  times.  I  had  myself  all  these 
dilficulties  to  encounter.  In  particular,  the  Sunday  after  the 
news  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  arrived,  for  besides 
the  ravings  and  menaces  of  the  wild  sons  of  freedom,  the  luore 
moderate  of  the  same  character  assured  me  that  every  clergy- 
man had  both  omitted  all  prayers  for  His  Majesty,  and  publi.-JK'd 
the  Declaration  of  Independency,  whiU-  n)y  real  friends  earnestly 
besought  me  to  prevent  the  destruction  of  our  Church.  I  still 
refused,  answering  them  that  we  must  conscientiously  perform 
our  duty,  and  leave  the  Church  to  the  protection  of  Heaven, 
and  that  if  all  my  brethren  had  departed  from  their  integrity, 
I  could  never  thiidv  ruyself  excused  from  lilame  by  following 
their  example.  I  will  observe,  that  though  I  had  then  courage 
to  resist,  yet  perhaps  my  fortitude  at  another  time  might  have 
failed.'' 

Some  of  the  old  enemies  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  its 
minister,  were  not  discouraged  by  their  former  unsuccessful 
attempts  to  establish  the  Congregational  form  of  worship 
within  the  bounds  of  his  parish.  Their  proceedings  caused 
Mr.  Bailey  to  write  to  eminent  men,  lawyers  and  others,  iu 
dillerent  parts  of  the  cou/itry,  on  this  sul)ji'ct.  The  j)ersons 
thus  addressed  were,  Mr.  Oliver  Whipple,  of  Portsmouth,  N. 
H.,  Rev.  Jacob  Duchc',  ol'  Philadelphia,  and  Mr.  David  Sewall, 
of  York.  Mr.  Bailry  says,  that  "the  mal-contents  were  only 
seven  in  nuruber;"  that  "they  exchuled  all  Churchmen  from 
the  privilege  of  voting,  antl  agreed,  in  M  uch,  I77(i,  to  raise  a 
tax  upon  the  inhabitants, — Ci,uakers  as  well  as  Churchiuen, — 
towards  the  support  of  the  Gospel."  "This,"  he  continues, 
"is  the  declared  purpose,  l)oth  in  the  tax  bill  and  in  the  war- 
rant for  distraining.  Our  peoj)le  are  by  no  means  in  allluent 
circumsfances,  and,  after  having  generously,  according  to  their 
ability,  contributed  to  my  support,  are  (rompelled  to  ])ay  the 
above  tax  with  the  utiTU)st  rigour.  'J'he  collectors  are  seizing 
their  cattle  by  violeiu-e,  and  selling  them  at  j>ublick  vendue 
for  a  mere  trille."  Mr.  Bailey  stati-s  further,  that  "these  \uvn 
have  uo  meeting-house,  no  embodied  church,  lU)  c(unuiuni- 
cants,  no  minister,  and  no  jireaching.  except  three  months  in 
1770."  lie  writes  to  one  of  the  above-named  gentlemen,  that 
15 


114  IKoNIIIli        M  I  SS  ION  A  J{  Y   ;     OR,  [1777. 

the?  piT(*onH  ^*|M>l^l•n  ^f  ''  liavr  procfi-ilfd  to  colU-ft  tlie  tax  witli 
the  utmo!«t  rigt>r,  and  sevi-ral  c-irciiinstam'fs  of  ungenerous 
Bryrrity,  Kiieli  as  hreakinj^  into  l)arns  when  the  |)n)prietors 
werr  nl)!«Mit,  taklnij  nway  cattle  l.y  vioU-nee,  sellini,'  them  at 
a«cti«)n,  and  nniltiplying  charges,  to  the  great  distress  of  the 
iinfortunutc  suHerers.  •  •  •  Those  who  retain  any  senti- 
ments of  tenderness  and  humanity,  when  ac(|uainted  with  the 
circumstances  of  this  eastern  country,  must  compassionate  our 
situation:  a  people  eonlined  to  a  cold  anil  rugged  soil,  eneum- 
bered  with  forests,  and  divided  hy  rivers,  exposed  to  invasions 
from  Canada,  deprived  of  free  navigation,  ])revented  from 
selling,  as  usual,  their  timber  for  the  necessarii's  of  life,  and 
denied  the  ailvantages  of  reeeivitig  provisions  from  abroad  as 
formerly.  These  oeenrreDces  have  redueetl  us,  (especially 
myself,  who  dejx'ndeil  ehielly  upon  the  Society  for  suj)port.) 
to  the  lowest  condition  of  poverty,  and  almost  to  nakeilness 
and  famine." 

In  a  letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  liyles,  in  the  autunm  of  this  year,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes:  "  I  have  hitherto  performed  Divine  service  every 
Sunday,  thi>ugh  at  the  risk  of  my  liberty,  and  even  of  my  life. 
I  have  had  a  warrant  after  me  ever  since  the  20th  of  July,  for 
transportation,  but  by  concealing  myself  during  tlie  week  time, 
I  have  as  yet  escaped.  Mr.  Parker  and  Mr.  Bass  ar(^  the  only 
clergymen  beside  mysi-lf  who  ollieiate,  l)ut  they  wholly  omit 
praying  for  the  King,  and  my  principal  otVence  is  negli'cting 
to  follow  their  example.*' 

October  \0{/,,  1777.  To  Rev.  J.  \V.  Weeks,  Marblehead  :— 
"•  •  1  have  a  warrant  issued  against  me  ever  since  the 
20lh  of  .Inly,  and  several  oHicers  have  attempted  to  take  me, 
but  hitherto  without  success.  I  have  ollieiated  every  8nnday. 
\Vurrant.s  are  out  for  a  great  number  of  people,  some  of  whom 
have  absconded,  and  others  go  armtd.  John  McNamara  has 
been  fmi'd  twenty  dollars,  and  imprisoned  five  days,  but  is 
now  dismissed  u|)on  bail.  I  am  a  little  surprised  to  find  yon 
coupling  me  with  Mr.  Bass  upon  all  occasions.  The  latter, 
without  encountering  any  persecution  or  dilficulty,  complied 
with  the  first  motion  of  his  congregation,  (mostly  high  sons  of 
liberty,)  wholly  to  drop  all  prayers  for  the  King.     I,  on  the  con- 


1777.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  1  1  .J 

trary,  continued  the  service,  without  the  U'ast  alteration,  some- 
time after  you  and  many  of  my  brethren  had  made  omissions; 
and  indeed  I  was  chiefly  induced  to  do  so  by  your  example. 
It  was  a  long  time  after  you  had  ceased  ollieiating  before  I 
either  heard  of  it,  or  the  law  in  sup|iort  of  Independency,  so 
that  I  had  already  ollended  beyond  the  hopes  of  pardon.  Pre- 
vious to  this  my  ])arishioners  were  severely  persecuted,  both 
as  Churchmen  and  Tories,  which  immediately  excited  the 
indignation  of  the  friends  of  government  for  twenty  miles 
round.  These,  of  every  denomination,  encouraged  me  to  pro- 
ceed, and  generously  contributed  to  my  support;  and  though 
I  have  left  out  the  most  obnoxious  sentenci's,  1  have  never 
omitted  to  pray  for  the  King,  and  I  have  continued  to  olliciate, 
not  to  please  our  enemies,  but  tlie  Royalists  scattered  through 
the  country.  My  (tonstant  hearers,  (though  all,  except  one  or 
two,  are  friends  of  government,)  are  but  a  small  number  in 
comparison  with  the  rest,  and  indeed  our  continuing  to  as- 
semble for  Divine  Service  is  considered  by  the  Whigs  as  the 
princi[)al  support  of  our  party.  They  imagine  that  it  gives 
life  and  spirit  to  our  opposition,  and  besides  the  chief  objec- 
tion against  me  is  my  praying  for  the  King.  For  this  single 
oflence  I  have  been  threatened,  insulted,  condemned,  and  laid 
imdcr  heavy  bonds,  and  for  this  I  am  now  doomi'd  for  trans- 
portation. My  friend,  Mr.  Lee,  is  Captain  of  a  company  at 
New  York;  Callahan  is  Caj)fain  of  a  twelve-gun  sloop-of-war 
in  the  King's  service;  George  Pochard  is  at  C^uebec,  so  that 
the  situation  of  my  allairs  is  well  known  at  all  these  j^laces." 

The  following  from  one  of  his  MSS.  will  give  an  idea  of 
his  sufTerings  at  this  time  : — 

"  Mr.  Bailey,  Missionary  at  Pownalborough,  having  been 
concealed  in  his  own  house  for  the  space  of  five  weeks,  re- 
ceived information  that  a  design  was  formed  against  his  life. 
This  intelligence  determined  him  to  attempt  an  escajie.  In 
consequence  of  this  determination  he  left  his  habitation  in  the 
evening  of  October  loth,  and  was  conducted  through  intricate 
j^aths,  about  two  mih's,  by  iiis  brother  and  Dr.  .Mav*  r.  It  was 
conjectured  that  some  desperate  rutlians  were  placed  at  a  lit- 
tle distance  from  the  house,  cither  to  intercept   his  llight,  or  to 


116  yuoNTir.K    missionary;    ou,  [1777. 

destroy  him  on  llu-  ."poi.  A  coiipK'  of  yoiiii^'  lads  wcro  firod 
uptm  as  tlifv  wrrr  ri«lin^'  aloni,'  llif  road,  tlii'  jxoplc  doiil)tlt<s 
iiiiu^iiiini;  Mr.  Bailey  to  hv  on  liorscWacU,  returning  lioim-. 
lie  was  con»train«-d  to  leave  his  family  in  circnmstanees  truly 
distretf.xin^ ;  a  wife  with  a  younj;  infant,  and  two  j^irls  abmit 
eleven,  and  no  kind  of  provisions  or  momy  for  their  .support, 
except  n  few  garden  rt)ot.s.  After  s|)i'n<ling  part  of  the  night 
at  his  brother's,  he  arose  before  daylight,  and,  with  a  couple  of 
young  persons,  embarked  on  board  a  canoe,  and  under  ihc 
conceabnent  of  a  thick  fog,  escaped  to  lirunswick,  beyond  the 
limits  of  the  county  where  he  resiiled.  He  was  here  in  great 
anxiety,  having  money  for  only  one  day's  subsistence,  and  not 
finding  Dr.  .Moor  arrived  with  his  horse,  as  he  expected,  he 
was  obliged  to  remain  si-veral  hours  at  a  pul)lick  house  in 
cruel  suspense,  and  exposed  to  the  ol)servation  of  every 
traveller.  At  length  the  appearance  of  his  horse  relieved  his 
perplexity,  and  enabletl  him  to  pursue  his  journey  witln)Mt 
molestation.  The  next  day  he  arrived  at  Falmouth,  and  was 
cordially  received  and  kindly  entertained  by  his  friends.  Some 
unexpected  benefactions  raised  his  spirits  and  encouraged  him 
to  proceed  as  far  as  Portsmouth,  the  capital  of  New  Hamp- 
shire; but  before  he  reached  this  seat  of  rebellion  he  was 
greatly  alarmed  with  the  misfortune  of  (leneral  Burgoyne  and 
the  army  under  his  command.  At  York,  In*  cncounteri'd  the 
barl)arous  exultations  of  the  rebels  upon  this  important  occa- 
sion ;  and  as  he  entered  I'ortsmouth,  the  firing  of  cannon,  tin* 
ringing  of  bells,  and  the  vociferation  of  the  populace  were 
circiunstances  that  increased  his  chagrin.  He  was,  however, 
highly  caressed  by  tlie  friends  of  government,  who  assi>trd  to 
sympathize  with  him,  and  to  console  eaili  otlicr  on  the  gloomy 
appearam-e  «)f  pnbliek  allairs. 

"  After  travelling  to  Boston  and  visiting  a  nndtitndr  of  his 
accpunntance,  of  various  ranks,  and  of  opposite  sentiments, 
and  having  received  many  instances  of  generosity  from  tin; 
Royali»t9,  he  rcturiu-d  home  about  Christmas,  and  though  he 
had  endured  grj-at  anxiety  on  account  of  his  family,  he  had 
the  pleasure  of  fimling  them  in  comfortable  circumstances,  the 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     11 A  I  LEY.  117 

friends   of  government   having   liberally   contributed   towartls 
their  sn])|)()rt."  * 

In  the  early  l)art  of  llie  following  year,  Mr.  IJailey  rfceived 
a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Matlicr  liyles,  formerly  Rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Boston,  but  who  had  left  the  country.  It  is  dated 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  February  17th,  1778.  The  following  is  an 
extract : — 

"  I  am  commissioned  to  inform  you,  if  you  have  not  alreadv 
availed  yourself  of  the  collection  for  the  sullering  clergy  in 
America,  that  you  are  entitled  to  .<lraw  upon  Messrs.  Hoar 
cV:  Company,  Bankers,  in  Fleet  Street,  for  Fifty  Pounds,  as 
your  Dividend  ;  and  that  if  you  think  proper  to  enclose  your 
draft  to  Dr.  Caner,  he  will  endeavor  to  procure  the  money,  and 
transmit,  or  pay  it,  as  you  shall  direct.  Your  letter  to  Dr. 
Caner  may  be  directed  to  the  Xew  England  CoIIcm*  House,  or 
to  the  care  of  Watson  »k  Rashley,  Merchants,  on  Ciarlick  Hill, 
London,  or  to  No.  30  Suffolk  St.,  Westmin>ter."' 

Mr.  Bailey's  daily  .Tounial  for  the  entire  year  1777  is  miss- 
ing.    From  that  for  part  of  1778,  we  extract  the  following: — 

^'  A]iri/  10///.  Easter  Sunday.  50  present.  15  Communi- 
cants. 

»  20l/i.     Chose  the  same  ollicers." 

It  is  mentioned  occasionally  that  th<r(^  was  no  service  in 
church,  but  no  reason  is  assigned.  The  church,  however, 
appears  to  have  been  open  the  greater  part  of  the  first  four 
months  of  this  year,  with  an  attendance  varying  from  twelve 
to  fifty-six.  A  nnmljer  of  infiuils  were  i)ai)tized  by  Mr,  Bailey 
in  the  same  time,  in  various  |)arts  of  this  region. 

Mr.  Bailey  left  home  on  the  19th  July  of  this  year,  on  a 
journey  to  Boston,  and  was  absent  some  four  weeks.  A  full 
journal  of  oeeiirr<'nces  at  this  time  is  preserved,  and  some 
tilings  recorded  in  it  are  thought  worthy  of  being  extracted  : — 

"//////  20///.     Left  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River. 

^^'2'2t/.  Arrived  in  Boston.  I  was  received  by  Rev.  Mr. 
P.irker  and  his  lady  with  the  highest  tokens  of  tenderness  and 
politeness. 

•  Note  J. 


lis  ru'^Nrriic    m  i  s  ^  i  o  n  \  i;  v  ;    oii,  [1778. 

"  Jiifi/ '2'itL  After  hrrakfast  wnit  to  visit  the  famous  Dr. 
Bylf.x,  who  was  ilctaincd  a  prisoner  in  liis  own  house.  He 
received  me,  necording  to  his  maimer,  with  ^reat  freedom,  and 
entertained  me  with  a  variety  <>f  puns.  lie;  was  mi^htil\ 
plensetl  with  th<"  N'tters  I  broiij^ht  him  from  liis  son  and  ijrand- 
dniighter,  and  instrnt  t«d  his  daughters,  a  conph-  of  fine  yonn<^ 
ladicii,  to  read  them.  I  observed  that  he  had  a  larpe  colleetion 
of  curiosities,  and  the  best  library  I  had  seen  in  this  eoimtry. 
He  is  a  genth'man  of  h-arniiiij:  ami  «,'reat  imai^ination,  has  an 
uncommon  »hare  of  priil*-,  iind  thoni^h  agreeable  wlim  (li>- 
conrsini^  upon  anv  subject,  yet  the  perpetual  reach  afier  pun 
renders  his  ordinary  conversation  rather  distastefid  to  person 
of  elegance  and  refinement.  He  gave  lue  a  circumstantial 
account  of  his  trial  when  condeumed  for  transpi»rtation.  He 
carefully  preserved  his  talent  for  |)unning  through  the  whole. 
I  recollect  one  instanee:  when  he  was  conducted  into  tlx 
apartment  where  his  judges  sat  with  great  solemnity,  wln> 
desiri'd  him  to  sit  by  the  fire,  as  the  weather  was  cold,  '  (ien- 
tlemen,'  said  he,  'when  I  came  among  you  I  expected  perse- 
cution, but  I  could  not  think  you  would  have  olFered  me  the 
fire  so  siiddenly  I'  After  looking  at  si-veral  fine  j^rosjicets,  and 
hearing  two  or  three  tunes  on  the  organ  by  one  of  his  daugh- 
ters, I  took  my  leave,  wiih  an  invitation  and  proiiiise  to  renew 
my  visit.  I  then  npaired  to  Mr.  Dometts,  anil  was  kindly 
received  by  that  worthy  and  l»enevolint  couple.  They  no 
sooner  perceived  the  poverty  and  uncouthness  of  my  apparel, 
than  they  contributed  towards  a  re|)aration,  and  fnrnisheil  me 
with  a  handsome  coat,  jacket  and  breeches.  .My  dress  before 
this  recruit  was  as  follows:  an  old  rusty  thread-bare  black 
coat,  which  had  been  turnetl,  and  the  button-holes  worked 
with  thread  almost  white,  with  a  numl)er  of  breaches  about 
the  elbows;  a  jacket  of  the  same,  much  fractured  about  the 
button-holes,  and  hanging  loose,  occasioned  by  the  Jeanne^ 
of  my  carcass,  which  was  at  this  time  greatly  emaciated  b\ 
the  constant  exercise  of  tenfperance  ;  a  jjair  t)f  breeches,  con- 
structed of  coarse  bed-tick,  of  a  dirty  yellow  colour,  and  so 
iincoat  (sir)  as  to  suffer  several  repairs,  in  j)articular,  a  per- 
pendicular patch   upon  each  knee  of  a  dillercnt  complexion 


177S.]  LIFE     or     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  ll!) 

from  the  original  jjicce;  a  pair  of  blue  iliicU-soainod  stockiiig!^, 
well  adapted  to  exclude  the  extreme  lieat  of  the  season;  a  hat 
\vith  many  holes  in  the  brim,  adorned  with  imich  diirning  in 
other  places,  of  a  decent  medium  between  l)laek  and  white. 
My  wig  was  calk'd  white  in  better  days,  but  now  resemliletl 
in  colour  an  old  greasy  bed  l)lanl<et  ;  iIh-  curls,  alas!  had  long 
since  ch-parted,  and  the  locks  hung  lank,  deformed,  and  clam- 
my about  my  neck,  whih^  the  shrinking  caul  left  both  my  ears 
exposed  to  publick  view.  But  the  generous  Mr.  Parker  soon 
made  me  a  present  of  a  very  elegant  wig,  which,  though  it 
might  not  furtiish  my  brain  with  an  addition  of  wisdom,  yet 
certainly  enabled  me  to  .shew  my  head  with  greater  confi- 
dence.    •     •     • 

"////// *J7///.  Called  upon  Mr.  Ilaskins  according  to  agree- 
ment.    He  gave  me  fifteen  dollars. 

"28//!.  This  morning  called  upon  Mrs.  Domett,  who  gave 
me  fourteen  dollars  in  paper  and  three  dollars  atid  five  crowns 

in  silver,  which,  she  assured  me,  was  a  present  from young 

ladies  through  James ,  about  J7,  and  the  other  lO  years. 

The   same  day  received   live   dollars   from  and   ( ireen, 

and  thirty  dollars  from  the  Church  Wardens. 

"  ;29//f.  Concluded  this  morning,  notwithstanding  the  con- 
tempt which  is  pouri'd  upon  the  Britons  from  every  (juarter,  to 
petition  the  Council  for  liberty  to  depart  for  Xova  Scotia  with 
my  family;  and,  because  I  j)erceived  that  our  magistrates 
could  not  admit  of  pleas  of  conscience,  I  conlined  myself  to 
the  simple  article  of  povi-rty.  Mr.  Parker  had  in  the  morning 
obtained  leave  of  Mr.  I\)\\<'ll,  the  IVesident,  to  oiler  my  peti- 
tion. Accordingly,  having  it  prepared,  1  went  down  to  the 
Court-house  and  presented  it  to  that  gentleman,  who  engaged 
to  give  me  his  interest.  l)raid<  tea  with  Dr.  Byles  and  his 
daughters. 

"  Aui^ifsf  2d.  This  day  being  Sunday  could  not  assist  .Mr. 
Parker  for  want  of  a  suitable  discourse.  As  I  was  walking:  to 
church  in  the  morning  Mr.  Tiash  put  a  guinea  into  my  hand. 

"I///.  Received  this  day  eight  dollars  from  Mr.  'J'homas 
Auiory, 


1*2()  viioNTMii    missionauy;    or,  [1778. 

•••if/.  Amr  «miii>  I  w.ni'-i  i.j-.'ii  1  >r.  lili'ViI.  •  •  'I'lio 
Dr.  at  parting  gavi-  me  niiu*  dollars, 

"7//i.  Tlii«  morning  at  Mr.  Wallace's,  where  Mr.  AVilliam 
Gariliner  intrmluced  nje  to  Mr.  Reed,  a  gentleman  who  had 
been  earled  t)nt  of  town.  He  made  me  a  present  of  twelve 
dollnn*.  A  few  minute.s  before  llir  hour  appointed  I  arrived 
at  .Mr.  Domett's,  and  just  aft«r  I  was  seated  a  gentif-man  rap- 
ped at  the  door  and  gave  Mrs.  Domett  a  |)aprr  for  me.  She 
informed  me  that  it  wau  Mr.  I-'rskiiK-,  aii  iri^li  gciiiltinaii. 
Upon  opening  the  paper  we  found  enclosed  two  Imndnd  and 
seventeen  dolhirs.  This  Mr.  Krskine  gave  me  at  rortsmouth, 
last  November,  si.xteen  dollars.  lie  is  nephew  to  Sir  AVilliam 
Krskine,  Colonel  of  the  Kdinborongh  r«'gimeiit,  raisi-d  for  tin- 
serviet?  against  America.  lie  now  exerted  himself  in  collect- 
ing this  money  for  me  among  his  accpiaintance  from  a  print  i- 
ple  of  pure  generosity.  •  •  •  When  I  came  home,  .Mr. 
Warner  sent  his  compliments,  with  a  very  good  surtout  and 
twenty  dollars. 

"8M.  This  morning  took  a  breakfast  at  Mr.  Domett's,  and 
while  I  was  in  that  hospitable  and  lucky  mansion  had  twenty- 
one  dollars  sent  me  by  .Mrs.  Sheaf.      •     •     •       I  then  |)aid  Mrs. 

Renkin  and  received  my  not< Mr.  I'arker 

gave  me  a  very  sensil)le  lettir  to  Major  (Jooilwin,  and  his 
worthy  lady  furnished  me  with  provisions  for  my  passage. 
The  kindness  and  generosity  oi  this  agreeabh;  pair  ought  to 
excite  my  warmest  gratitude,  for,  not  to  mention  my  board 
and  lodging  for  near  three  weeks,  I  received  from  them  in  pre- 
sents to  the  value  of  i!  !•'),  lawful  money.  About  10  o'clock 
Dr.  Miers  and  I  took  our  leave,  and  embarked  on  board  ('apt. 
Smith.     •      •     About  11  got  under  sail." 

The  next  night  found  the  vessel  in  whirli  Mr.  l^aiiey  had 
taken  passage  at  aiulior  in  Purlsmouth  harbor,  having  taken 
shelter  there  from  an  easterly  storm.  Oh  the  second  day  after 
they  had  put  into  this  port,  .Mr.  liailey  went  on  shore  to  visit 
Rev.  Mr.  Stevens,  of  Kittery,  who  had  l)i'frien(Ied  him  when 
in  college.  Here  he  ft)und  Rev.  .leremy  Relknap,  (afterwards 
D.  D.i  ''  with  his  wife,  arrived   fri)m   Dover."     "  I  (puckly  per- 


177S.]  LIFE     or     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  I'Jl 

ceived  him,"  says  Mr.  Bailey,  "to  be  a  son  of  moderation.  It 
was  evident  from  tiieir  conversation  that  most  of  the  Coniire"a- 
tional  ministers  are  in  very  distressed  eireiimstiinees  on  aeeoinit 
of  the  fall  of  puprr  money  ;  hut  when  Mr.  rn'Ikna])  (•(iii)|»l;iiiic(l 
of  his  situation,  Mr.  Stt-vens  informetl  him  lh;it  mine  was  still 
worse,  for  I  could  receive  no  salary." 

•  ••••• 

"22^/.  Arrived  at  Pownalborough,  where  I  had  the  satis- 
faction of  finding  my  family  in  good  health,  though  they  had 
greatly  suflVred  in  my  absence  for  want  of  provisions." 

Four  days  after  his  arrival  iMr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Mr.  Domett, 
in  Boston.  In  this  letter  he  says:  "I  am  prohibited,  in  the 
strongest  terms,  by  Col.  Gushing,*  from  olllciating  any  longer, 
and  though  I  have  promised  to  ac«iuiesce,  yet  he  still  threatens 
to  impose  the  oath." 

In  writing  to  Mr.  John  Pickering,  Sjieaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  he  says,  "1  was  taken  into  a  list  on  the 
Transj)ortation  Act  last  summer,  and  after  having  had  the 
matter  dt-bati'd  several  hours  in  a  full  town  meeting,  I  was 
voted  not  inimical,  t)y  a  large  majority.  Our  magistrates, 
being  enraged  at  this  disappointment,  issued  out  a  warrant, 
notwithstanding,  to  apprehend  me.  The  judges  and  jurv, 
ixing  of  their  appointment,  I  knew  that  there  was  no  possibil- 
ity of  my  escaping  if  I  came  to  trial.  This  determined  me  to 
continue  prisoner  in  my  own  house,  till  my  health  was  affect- 
ed, and  I  perceived  it  to  be  no  longer  a  place  of  securitv.  I 
tlu'n  (led  about  the  middle  of  October  la^t  in  the  night,  and 
continued  roving  about  New  Hampshire  and  elsewhere  till 
the  act  expired.  I  left  my  family  in  very  distressed  circum- 
stances, my  wife  having  a  sueking  child,  snUered  greatly  for 
want  of  jirovisions  before  she  obtained  any  relief.  I  have 
been  finable  to  receive  any  part  of  my  salary  since  June,  177o, 
wliicli  has  obliged  me  to  work  hard  for  my  subsistence,  but 
these  restless  spirits  will  neither  sull'rr  me  tt)  enjoy  a  moment's 
repose,  nor  to  reap  the  fruits  of  my  labours.  When  the  act 
for  swearing   took   place,    I   was    innncdiately   pursued    on  a 

•  High  Stieriff  of  the  County. 
IG 


rj'J  ''•■'NVMIt      Nfl^^I-'NAKY;      OR,  [177S. 

inngi!«trate'«»  wnrnint,  but  bi'f»)n'  it  was  |)r«»|)(rly  sorvotl  I  wns 
coiiHtrainrti  to  petition  the  Council  for  have  to  depart  into 
Nova  Sc(»tin;  the  mutter  was  }»ii>«|>er)(l<Ml  till  the  expedition 
ogninst  Newport  nhonld  be  over. 

"  I  returned  from  Boston  a  few  div-*  '•iiicr,  hui  am  thn-ai- 
cncil  with  initnediate  iriiprisonnient  if  ever  I  att<'iiipt  to  olli- 
ciatc  again,  either  in  jiuMick  or  |)riYate,  l)y  which  means  1  am 
deprived  of  every  suppt)rt,  excc|)t  what  tirises  from  charity.  In 
IJoston  I  was  treated  with  great  compassion  and  tenderness, 
both  by  Whigs  and  Tories,  and  received  several  generous 
l)enefaetions,  even  from  the  former.  Hut  during  this  absence 
my  family  severely  felt  th<'  distresses  of  hunger  and  famine, 
and  8omellnr)es  had  nothing  to  eat  f»)r  several  days  together 
but  an  handful  of  vegetables  and  a  litth'  milk  and  water,  and 
at  other  times  they  remained  twi-nty-four  hours  without  any 
8ii8tenanre  at  all,  till  Mrs.  IJailcy  had  almost  determined  to 
die  rather  than  make  her  situation  known,  for  it  has  long  been 
crindnal  for  any  person  in  this  country  to  all'ord  us  supi)ort, 
anil  many  have  been  prosecuted  as  Tories  for  no  other  reason. 
Human  nature  cannot  hut  rdlcct  with  rcductance  upon  such 
imchristian  and  iruel  procei'dings,  neill)er  is  it  possilde  for 
sullerers  to  love  and  esteem  those  institutions  which  put  it  in 
the  power  of  bad  iiirn  to  indulge  their  ill  nature,  their  malice 
and  revenge,  on  innocent  and  defencele>s  objects. 

*'  Being  afterwards  at  a  settlement  about  lifty  miles  from 
my  own  habitation,  at  the  re<juisition  of  the  pec>ple  to  preach 
and  bapti/e  their  children,  I  was  assaulted  l)y  a  vioU'nt  mob 
armed  with  clubs,  a.xes,  and  other  weapons,  who  strij)ped  me 
naked  in  search  of  papers,  pretending  that  I  had  conceived  a 
design  of  escaping  to  C^uebeck." 

The  following  was  addressed  to  Kiv.  S.  Parker,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Boston,  and  is  dated  October  1st,  1778: — 

'*  In  order  to  explain  a  little  the  nature  of  my  situation,  and 
to  elucidate  the  character  oi  my  per>cciitors,  I  beg  leave  to  re- 
late the  following  incident.  'J'he  County  Court  is  now  sitting, 
and  I  am  this  minute  informed  that  I  am  presented  l)efore  the 
(irand  Jury  for  preachinuj  treason  on  the  Sunday  after  Easter. 
AVhen  I  came  to  examine  the  matter  I  found  there  was   noth- 


1778.]  LIFE     OF     UEV.     JACOB     liAILKY.  \'2^ 

ing  ill  c'itlior  of  my  sermons  which  tended  in  the  remotest 
sense  to  meddle  with  th(^  present  (iuies  ;  this  induced  me  to 
search  the  h'ssons  for  ihr  (hiy,  and  I  i)resenlly  found  that  the 
sixteentli  chapter  of  Numbers  was  the  lesson  appointed  in  the 
Morning  Service,  and  that  the  twenty-sixtli  verse  contained 
almost  the  very  words  sworn  to  in  the  deposition  u])on  which 
they  founded  their  presentment.  In  order  to  save  you  the 
trouble  of  opening  your  ]5ible  I  will  quote  yon  the  words: 
'  And  he  s])ake  unto  the  congregation  saying,  Depart,  I  pray 
you,  from  the  tents  of  these  wicked  men,  and  touch  nothing 
of  theirs,  lest  ye  Ik*  consumed  in  all  their  sins.'" 

*'Th(;  Grand  .Tury,  however,  at  tlie  instance  of  Langdon,  the 
attorney,  refused  to  lind  a  bill." 

In  writing  to  another  friend,  !\Ir.  Bailey  mentions  that  he 
"gave  the  earliest  intelligence  of  the  above-named  matter  to 
Rev.  Mr.  Parker,  who  presented  his  letter  to  the  Council,  at 
which  they  laughed  very  heartily.  M.  and  N.,  ignorant  of  my 
correspondence,  hastened  up  to  Boston  with  the  fellow's  depo- 
sition on  which  the  coiuplaint  was  founded,  determined  to 
prevent,  if  possible,  the  success  of  my  petition,  but  though 
wafted  upon  the  wings  of  malice  and  ill-naturc,  their  arrival 
was  too  late." 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written  in  Xcn'cniber  of 
this  year,  shows  that  the  troubles  of  this  poor  Missionary  were 
far  from  beitig  ended  :  "About  the  begitming  of  November  I 
received  a  jiermission  from  the  (Jeneral  Court  to  remove  with 
my  family  and  substance  to  Halifax,  but  no  op|)ortunity  j)re- 
senting,  after  a  double  disappointment  in  attempting  to  get 
away,  and  the  severe  season  advancing,  1  vcnimcd  again  to 
perform  Divine  S«'rvice,  being  earnestly  inlreated  by  my  par- 
ishioners, and  compelU'd  by  the  following  inducements:  I 
considered  that  Mr.  Cushing  had  no  authority  to  silence  me, 
as  there  was  no  law  in  this  or  any  of  the  I'nited  States  to 
prohibit  persons  from  preaching,  and  that  no  minister  of  any 
denomination  was  recpiired  to  take  the  oath  of  idle^iance  to 
qualify  him  for  the  discharge  of  his  ollice  ;  neither  Ikjs  the 
oath,  as  far  as  I  can  learn,  i)een  tendered  to  any  preacher.  I 
rellected  that  this  attempt  to  prevent  the  performance  of  Di- 


124  FRONT  11   !l     N!  ISSION  A  l;  V  ;     OK,  [1778. 

vine  Service  iiiu-*t  Ijr  rr^'arilnl  :is  ;i  profaiii'  tiiul  tlarin«^  iiitrii- 
gion  u|)oii  pacrotl  things,  nnd  not  only  :»  luaiiiffst  invasion  of 
onr  rfli«^iou!*,  ns  wril  as  civil  rii^lits,  l)iil  an  impious  design,  as 
iimcli  as  possible,  to  aflcct  the  spiritual  interest,  and  even  to 
injure,  if  not  t(»  destroy,  the  pools  t»f  my  parishioners;  and  fur- 
ther, thtit  such  conduct  would  be  received  and  commented  on 
in  any  other  Christian  c<nintry,  as  a  crime  of  the  uu)st  danger- 
ous, horrid,  and  u)aliguant  nature.  I  cousijlered  rnyself  as 
und<  r  the  most  sacred  obligations  to  perform  the  worship  of 
(lod,  and  to  preach  among  my  people,  until  prevenfed  by  my 
absence,  or  restrained  bv  the  laws  of  n)y  country,  especially 
when  there  is  no  Religious  Society  of  our  own,  or  any  other 
denomination,  where  we  could  possibly  attend.  I  plainly  per- 
ceived that  the  young  people  were  strolling  al)out  with  littl'? 
regird  for  the  Lord's  Day,  that  all  sense  of  religion  was  in 
danger  of  being  expelled,  and  that  nothing  could  be  expected 
but  the  fatal  consequences  of  vice,  irreligion,  and  profaneness. 
I  must  confess,  however,  that  I  found  myself  in  a  very  dis- 
tressing dilemma — the  inveterate  malice  of  my  enemies  on  the 
one  hand,  and  the  obligations  of  conscience  and  duty  on  the 
other;  here  their  illegal  and  arbitrary  mandates  to  restrain, 
there  the  dictates  of  reason  and  huiuanity,  and  even  the  au- 
thority of  Heaven  to  compel  me.  Could  I  hesitat(»  any  longer  ? 
You  may  depend  uj)on  it,  this  is  all  I  hav(*  done  to  rekindle 
the  indignation  of  these  restless  sj)irits,  and  I  am  j^ersecuted 
afresh,  not  for  Ix-ing  an  enemy  to  my  country,  but  ft)r  preach- 
ing the  (J()s|)el  and  perfitrming  l^ivine  Servii-«'  among  a  set  of 
poor  anil  inofTensive  penple,  who  are  indeeil  reproached  and 
jiersecuted  for  their  attachnn'ut  to  me.'' 

Mr.  Uailey  states,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  that  "on  the  Sun- 
day before  Christmas,  the  weather  being  pleasant  for  this  tur- 
bulent season,  we  had  a  full  congregation,  and  this  indignant 
magi>lrate,*  observing  a  mmilier  of  people  passing  by  his  house 
in  their  attendance  upon  Divine  Service,  sent  directly  for  one 
of  my  Wardens,  and  witli  a  (laming  countenance  and  haughty 
tone  of  voice,  and  the  uu^st  insolent  airs  of  authority,  ordered 


•  The  High  Sheriff. 


1778.1  LIFE     OF     REV.      J  A  f  O  B      II  A  I  LEY.  12.") 

liim  to  deliver  mc  the  following  imperious  message:  '  Tell  the 
Parson  that  if  lie  presumes  to  discharge  his  functions  any 
longer,  I  will  immediately  commit  him  to  prison,  and  that  if 
hi'  do  not  enter  into  a  written  agreement  to  forbear  the  exer- 
cise of  PnhlicU  Worship,  I  will  myself  appear  on  Christmas 
day,  attended  with  a  number  of  resolute  fellows,  and  drag  him 
headlong  out  of  the  pulpit.'  But  he  firmly  promised,  at  the 
same  time,  that  he  would  never  molest  me  whilst  I  continued 
in  my  own  house." 

Mr.  Bailey  sent  a  letter  to  this  individual,  in  which  he  says, 
"  my  intentions  were  immediately  to  remove  upon  my  receiv- 
ing |)crmission  from  the  (General)  Court.  But  having  met 
with  one  or  two  disappointments,  and  the  winter  advancing 
in  all  its  horrors,  I  found  it  impossible  to  depart  till  the 
weather  should  become  more  settled;  since  no  one  could  be 
prevailed  upon  to  venture  either  liiiiiself,  or  vessel  in  such  a 
stormy  season;  and  l)esides,  to  undertaUc  a  voyage  with  a 
woman  and  young  child  in  any  convenience  I  ain  able  to 
procure,  I  must  be  divested  both  of  hninanity  and  common 
j)rndence.  Being  detained  in  this  manner  I  was  induced  to 
jireach  at  the  earnest  desire  of  my  parishioners,  to  whom  I  am 
under  the  highest  obligations  of  gratitude  for  their  kind  and 
generous  concern  to  relieve  me  in  my  necessitous  circum- 
stances. I  considered  that  it  was  certainly  my  duty  to  comply 
with  their  request  till  my  removal ;  that  it  could  not  possibly 
injure  any  person  alive,  nor  occasion  any  damage  to  my  coun- 
try, for  which  I  shall  always  retain  the  warmest  aflection;  and 
that  it  was  not  re])ugnant  to  any  laws,  since  preachers  of  all 
denominations,  as  Ana-baptists,  Separates,  Quakers,  |)risoners, 
cV'c,  are  allowed   to   jireach  witliout  either  taking  the  oath,  or 

sulVering  any  kind  of  molestation. Will  it  allbrd 

you  any  satisfaction,  on  the  one  hand,  to  enf«)rce  the  oath  at 
the  expense  of  my  conscience,  and  the  destruction  of  my  inter- 
est, or  on  the  other  to  confine  me  in  a  wretched  prison,  to  the 
ruin  of  my  health,  and  perhaps  my  life  ?  ...  I  must  again 
repeat  my  desire  of  entering  into  some  friendly  agreement,  and 
that  you  will  not  put  me  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of  making 
another  application  to  the  General  Court." 


126  rUONTlKR      MISSIONAKV;      OR,  [1779. 

The  noxt  day  aftrr  this  letter  was  delivered  was  Christinas. 
On  aceouiit  of  the  exireine  Heverity  of  tlu*  weafhi-r,  divine  ser- 
vice was  omitted.  Mr.  Bailey's  family,  with  a  few  frieiuls. 
had  just  sat  down  to  dinner,  w  Inn  the  High  Sherill  entend 
the  h«)nse.  .\  f«'inale  relative  who  was  present  went  into  the 
kitchen  wIutc  this  ollieer  was,  and  «'ndi'avored  to  "  mitigate  tin- 
passion  which  inliamed  him."  During  the  conversation,  one  of 
his  deputies  and  a  relative  joined  the  principal  actor  in  lhi~ 
business.  The  ft)rmer  uttereil  language  marked  by  pr<»fant  - 
ness  and  obscenity,  whi(;h  so  |>rovokcd  a  faithful  man  srrv;iii 
that  he  threatened  him  with  personal  violence  if  it  should  he 
repeated.  This  immediately  caused  the  deputy  to  attack  the 
servant.     •     .     . 

The  account  breaks  oil'  abruptly  at  this  point.  'J'Im-  almv  • 
imperfect  narrative  has  been  inserted  to  fill  out,  iti  a  measure, 
tlu-  picture  of  the  troubles  that  Mr.  Bailey  experienced  after 
he  had  received  permission  from  the  highest  authority  to  leave 
the  country,  and  was  hinderetl  from  availing  himself  of  that 
permis.-ion  only  by  unavoidable  circumstances. 

Ml.  Bailey  was  waiting  for  a  jiroper  opportunity  of  removiim 
to  Halifax.  This  opportunity  did  not  oiler  lill  June  of  ilir 
following  year,  1779. 

The  Church  at  Georgetown  had  bren  umhr  tin;  care  of  the 
subject  of  this  Memoir  from  his  first  arrival  in  Kcnnebi-c,  ex- 
cepting tin'  four  years  covered  by  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  W. 
W.  Wheeler.  The  following  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  .1.  \V. 
Weeks,  in  177?^,  to  the  Venerable  Society,  is  a  part  of  the  his- 
tory of  that  parish:*  "  When  I  was  in  that  part  of  the  country 
I  baptized  many  I'hildren  anil  married  several  couples.  'J'lic 
Church  at  Georgetown  is  made  up  of  several  wealthy  farmers, 
who  are  noted  loyalists.  T  ollere<l  to  preach  to  them,  but  they 
were  afraid  to  sutler  me.  They  were  all  oliliged  to  pay  taxes 
to  the  disserting  ministers,  and  they  dared  not  di.-pute  it."  f 

The  sutlerings  of  many  people   in    Maine   during  the  latter 


•  ii.iwMti'i    iintorj-  III   MiisiiiiiH,  ,vr.,  p.  I'Vi, 

t  The  Churchmen  i'l  ficorRctown   hail  been  deprived  of  the  benefit  of  their  owa 
rate*  or  taxes  in  1707.     Sec  under  that  vear. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JAfOn     HA  11.  FY.  lO* 

j)ortion  of  Mr.  Bailey's  rcsidt'iico  tlirre,  ami  tin'  tlistresses  of 
hiinsclf  and  family  are  stated  in  a  letter  \o  a  friend  :  "  This 
reminds*  me,  by  way  of  conclnsion,  i()  exeite  in  your  mind  some 
faint  idea  of  the  seareity  which  |)revails  thronyhoiit  the  coun- 
try. Multitudes  of  jn-ople,  wiio  formerly  lived  in  allluence, 
are  now  destitute  of  a  morsel  of  bread,  and  the  remainder  are 
reduced  to  a  very  scanty  allowance.  Several  families  in  the 
lowi'r  towns,  and  in  the  Tvastern  country,  have  had  no  l)reail 
in  their  houses  for  three  months  together,  and  the  anxiety  and 
distress  which  this  occasions  are  truly  alTecting.  Great  num- 
b<'rs  who  inhabit  near  the  sea  coast,  and  even  at  the  distance 
of  twenty  miles,  after  being  starved  into  skeletons  for  want  of 
provisions,  have  repaired  to  the  clam  baidvs  for  a  resource; 
while  others,  who  were  j)revi'nted  by  their  circumstances,  or 
distant  situation,  from  accjuiring  this  kind  of  food,  were  still  in 
a  more  calamitous  condition.  I  have  myself  been  witni'ss  to 
several  exrpiisite  scenes  of  anguish,  liesides  feeling  in  niy  own 
Ijosoiii  the  I)itterness  of  hunger,  and  the  utiuost  anxietv  for 
the  subsistence  of  my  family.  1  have  seen  among  my  neigh- 
bours the  most  striking  horrors  of  nakedness  and  famine. 
INIany  during  the  jiinehing  cold  and  storms  of  winter,  i'\|)ose(l 
to  all  the  roughness  and  severity  of  the  season,  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  bullet  the  turbulence^  of  the  weather  without  shoes  or 
stockings,  or  even  shirts.  Antl  when  the  spring  advanced  to 
atlbrd  them  a  kindly  wariuth,  destitute  of  anything  to  answer 
the  importunate  demands  of  nature,  except  a  jirecarious  supply 
obtained  from  their  charitable  friends,  who  had  not  sullicient  to 
silence  their  own  necessitous  cravings.  Several  families  within 
the  compass  of  luy  own  knowledge  have  been  for  a  long  sea- 
son deprived  of  all  sustenance  agreeable  to  their  palates,  or 
adapted  to  the  nourishment  and  support  of  the  human  body. 
It  was  impossible  to  procure  grain,  potatoes,  or  any  other  spe- 
cies of  vi'getable  ;  llesh,  butter  and  milk,  were  eepially  scarce; 
no  tea,  sugar,  or  luolasses,  to  l)e  purchased  on  any  terms  ; 
nothing,  in  a  word,  but  a  little  collce,  with  l)oiled  alewivcs,  or 
a  repast  of  clams,  and  even  of  this  utiwholesoini'  diet  not 
enough  to  gratify  the  cravings  of  nature.  I  have  walked 
abroad  afti-r  a  breakfast  of  these  ingredients,  weak  and  feeble 


128  rUONTIKll     MISSloNAUV;     OK,  [1779. 

niysrlf,  ill  hopes  to  obtain  a  (liiiiMT  aiiioiiL,'  my  nioro  wealthy 
nc(|ualiitaiu"t',  atul  have  rctiiriircl  home  tlisappoiiitccl  of  my 
expi'rtations,  and  \vh<Mi  in  other  phices  I  have  received  an 
invitation  to  eat,  have  refused,  lieeanse  I  could  not  find  an 
heart  to  (h'prive  a  imml)er  of  starving  children  of  their  pitiful 
ullowauce,  who  were  starini^  upon  me  with  hollow,  pierciui;; 
eyes,  and  pah*  and  lant,Miid  fai-es." 

Two  or  three  letters  from  his  corres|)ondeuts,  and  a  very 
meagre  .lournal  for  the  fo\ir  first  mouths  of  177!>,  are  all  tli>' 
papers  rel'errin^'  to  tin*  early  part  of  that  year  that  have  coiur 
into  the  hanils  of  the  writt-r.  'J'hat  the  organization  of  the 
parish  was  preserved  amid  the  gloom  which  was  frathering 
adiiiticMial  blackness,  a|)pears  from  the  following  entry: — 
''  Ajiril  iJt/i,  1779.  Chose  our  Church  Ollicers."  ' 
Some  of  the  occurrences  of  the  last  few  days  he  spent  in  hi- 
parisii,  are  thus  related  in  a  letter  afterwards  written  to  tie- 
Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,  cVc. :  '*  I 
however  continued  to  baptize  their  children,  to  visit  the  sick, 
and  to  bury  the  dead,  till  about  a  fortnight  before  I  left  the 
country,  when  the  above-mentioned  sherifV,  with  some  of  his 
mischievous  gang,  a|)peared  at  a  funeral,  to  apprehend  me; 
l)ut  through  the  vigilance  of  friends  I  had  timely  notice,  ami 
escaped  the  danger.'*! 


•  It  may  be  of  interest  to  record  t;  ■  ;   the  officers  of  St.  John's  Church, 

Powrnilboroiij^h.  in  the  troublDiM  times  hjiokeu  of  in  the  text.  They  are  taken  froiu 
«  petition  sent  to  the  HiRh  .Sheritf  of  Lincoln  county,  dated  Deccnil)rr  21th,  177f*. 
The  potilioners  desire  that  Mr.  Bailey  may  be  allowed  to  ofHoiate  the  few  Sundays 
which  reinnined  before  he  should  embark  for  Halifax.  This  petition  is  finned  h\ 
Samuel  Goridwin,  Herrick  I'illul,  Church  MVjn/rn»;  IVter  Pochard,  David  U.i.ley, 
OeorRe  Ooud.  I'hilip  Mayer,  Ueorgc  Mayer,  Louis  llouJlctte,  Vutry. 

t  Sec  Note  K. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  129 


CIIAVTKR  Vll. 

Till-:  materials  for  continuing  tliis  Biograpliy  after  the  last 
date  mentioned  in  the  j)receding  chapter,  arc  to  be  found  in  a 
"  Journal  of  a  voyage  from  Pownalboro' to  Halifax,  with  no- 
tices of  some  events  ifi  the  latter  place."  A  portion  of  this 
MS.  has  unfortunately  been  lost,  and  it  terminates  abru))tly, 
but  it  is  thought  that  the  greater  part  of  what  remains  is  wor- 
thy of  publication. 

'•'■  June  Ithi  1779.  We  arose  this  morning  before  the  sun  and 
began  to  prepare  for  our  expulsion,  our  hearts  rej^iete  with  ap- 
prehension, anxiety  and  distress. 

As  the  rising  sun  tinged  tiie  various  objects  around  us,  I 
beheld  the  once  delightful  scenes  with  bitter  emotions  of  grief. 
This,  in  a  word,  was  the  silent  language  of  our  faces  as  we 
looked  upon  each  other,  and  it  was  agreeable  to  the  inward 
iiupulse.  Must  we,  after  all  the  trouble,  hanassment  and  crue 
persecution  we  have  endured  for  the  cause  of  truth  and  virtue, 
must  we  leave  these  pleasing  scenes  of  nature,  these  friendly 
shades,  these  rising  plants,  these  opening  llowers,  these  trees 
swelling  with  fruit,  and  yonder  winding  river,  which  appears 
through  the  uml^rageous  avenue,  to  revive  and  elevate  the 
mind  ?  We  must  no  longer  behold  the  splendid  orb  of  day 
peeping  over  the  eastern  hills  to  dissipate  the  fog,  and  to 
brighten  the  field  and  the  forest.  We  must  hear  no  luore  the 
sweet  music  of  the  tuneful  tribe,  amidst  the  trembling  grove, 
to  gladden,  charm  and  aniiuate  the  desponding  heart. 

But  we  quickly  i)erceived  other  objects  approaching  to  take 
a  mournful  farewell,  which  made  a  still  deeper  and  more  last- 
ing impression  on  the  woundetl  spirits,  I  mean  a  number  of 
our  honest,  kind  and  generous  parishioners,  who  caiue  to  offer 
us  their  last  assistance,  and  to  let  fall  a  parting  tear  I  .Mr. 
Jakin,  George  Mayer,  Mrs,  Philip  Mayer,  and  other  fiMuales, 
were  present  on  this  alt'ecting  occasion.  After  taking  a  very 
17 


loO  IKONTFIlt     MISSION  VRV;     o  u ,  [1779. 

glt'iuliT  brr;iki.i-i,  w  <  lM^lll  i nir  cit'parl lire,  ami  when  we  left 
the  lumse  and  garden,  ami  turiieil  our  backs  upon  these  weep- 
ing friiiuls,  1  was  t)bligetl  to  siunmon  the  utmost  fortitude  to 
contend  with  the  tender  emotions  of  nature.  We  walked 
BJowly  along  the  ^»hady  rt)ad,  and  shut  out  one  enchanting 
prospect  after  anolhtr.  till  we  nirt  Mrs.  Pt)chard  and  Mrs. 
Jakin,  who,  tipon  .-ceing  tis,  were  unable  to  speak;  the  iliur-ions 
of  sorrow  stilled  th«'ir  vt/u-es,  and  all.  for  some  minutes,  was  a 
Bcent*  of  silent  wt>  I  W  c  iMoccrdcd  in  this  manner  thron^jh 
Mr.  Jakin's  helil,  and  when  we  were,  about  to  take  a  final 
adieu,  ihis  kind  neij^hbor  threw  herself  upon  the  ground,  and 
lay  ?obbing  in  that  humble  posture,  till  we  could  see  her  no 
mi>re.  Wf  next  called  upon  Mr.  Malbone  and  his  wife,  and 
saw  the  tears  roll  d(.)wn  their  aged  cheeks. 

Mr.  I'ocharil  ami  his  wiH',  after  we  had  taken  leav«'  of  the 
children,  attended  us  as  far  as  Mr.  Ridley's.  When  we 
approached  his  habitation,  he  came  out  to  meet  us,  and  snatch- 
ing me  by  the  hand,  burst  into  silent  tears. 

Wlien  the  lir>i  emotions  wi're  a  little  abated,  he  began  to 
cxccrati-  the  villains  who  had  driven  me  from  my  friends,  iwy 
habitation  and  parish.  I'pon  entering  the  house,  they  pre- 
vaileil  with  \is  to  take  a  di.-li  of  tea,  and  to  accej)t  o(  some  pro- 
vi.xions  for  our  voyage.  Col.  Taylor  presently  appeared  to  bid 
us  adieu,  and  inlormed  me  that  our  magistrates  were  ready  to 
abate  soujewh.it  «if  tlieir  former  rigor.  Several  of  the  families, 
with  Mrs.  Pochard,  followed  us  to  my  brother's,  where  another 
scene  of  grief  and  lamentation  appeared.  Mr.  Burke  and  his 
wife  brought  their  child  here  to  be  baptized,  after  which  exer- 
cise I  took  my  leave  df  ;ill  |)rescnt,  with  an  aching  heart,  and 
embarked  in  Mr.  Ridley's  boat,  Mr.  .lakin  and  (leorge  Maver 
attending  us  down  the  river." 

[  .\  few  pages  of  the  MS.  are  wanting  here.  In  that  por- 
tion of  the  Journal  which  has  been  preserved,  it  would  seem 
that  the  exiles  had  reached  the  town  of  (icc)rgetown,  a  few 
miles  below  llieir  haltiiMtion,  where  they  probably  expected  to 
pass  soiue  days,  before  taking  a  linal  leave  of  their  native  coun- 
try. Here,  they  found  the  small  schooner  which  they  had 
engaged  for  their  voyage.]     The  account  continues  :  "  As  his 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     UEV.     JACOB     I)  A  I  ELY.  131 

arrival  was  two  days  sooner  tliati  wo  oxpoctcd,  it  threw  us  into 
great  per|)le.\ity,  as  our  dependence  for  provision  was  ehielly 
on  the  generosity  of  our  Georgetown  friends,  and  l)esides,  Capt. 
Smith  was  still  at  lion)e,  and  was  not  expeefed  till  Wednesday 
morning.  To  remedy  this  last  inconvenience,  .John  was  im- 
mediately despatched  with  a  message  to  Smith,  which  laid 
him  under  the  necessity  of  travelling  all  night,  while  we  |#o- 
ceeded  to  Mr.  Butler's.  When  we  arrived  at  this  hospitable 
mansion,  we  had  the  disagreeable  situation  to  find  all  the  fam- 
ily in  bed.  They  arose,  however,  and  procured  us  a  supper, 
and  about  midnight  we  went  to  repose. 

June  S(/i.  Tliis  morning  we  arose,  cheerless,  before  the  sun, 
and  had  this  benevolent  family  to  attend  us.  They  pre])ared 
us  an  early  breakfast,  after  which  they  gave  Mrs.  l^ailey  a  i)ot 
of  butter  and  a  salmon,  and  then  attended  us  in  solemn  pro- 
cession to  the  shore.  We  U)oked  upon  each  other  with  dis- 
consolate faces  and  tearful  eyes,  till  the  ra|)id  current  carried 
ns  round  the  point,  and  excluded  us  from  seeing  our  friends 
any  longer.  It  alTorded  us  a  great  deal  of  concern  that  we 
were  unable  to  see  Mr.  Percey's  family  before  we  left  the  coun- 
try. We  proceeded  up  the  river  and  paid  a  short  parting 
visit  at  Mr.  Preble's.  This  friendly  and  loyal  family  gave  us 
their  hearty  good  wishes,  and  furnished  us  with  some  articles 
of  provision  for  our  voyage.  Our  next  reiuove  was  to  Mr. 
Carleton's.  Upon  our  arrival,  we  found  that  generous  and 
friendly  hero  gone  to  the  eastern  side  of  Po\vnall)oro',  to  pro- 
cure us  some  provisions. 

In  the  forenoon  we  carried  our  beds,  and  the  shatti-ri'd  re- 
luains  of  our  fortune,  the  whole  not  worth  forty  dollars,  on 
board  our  schooner,  a  little  vessel,  not  more  than  fifteen  tons, 
with  such  slender  conveniences  that  we  were  obliged  to  make 
provision  for  lodging  in  the  hold. 

Mr.  Pahuer  brought  us  several  letter.s  from  my  friend.s  at 
Broad  Bay,  containing  the  tenderest  expressions  of  good  will, 
and  the  luost  hearty  and  anxious  wishes  for  our  welfare,  and 
these  were  attended  with  some  presents  to  make  us  comforta- 
ble in  our  troublesome  voyage. 

Mr.  Palmer  attended   us   in   our  return    to   Mr.    Carleton's, 


\'-i2  IKdNrn.  K     MISsloNAKY;    OR,  [1770. 

wlierc  wo  dimil,  and  ihcu  wnit  to  vi>it  Mr.  William  aiul 
David  (iilinoro.  We  pa8».**rd  away  a  ffw  lioiir.-*  ami  then  ti)i)k  an 
aiTectionutc  farrwi'll,  and  at  jiartin;^  nnfivj-d  Mtnic  adilition  to 
our  stori'.-*.  About  t^'ix  wi*  rrturnrd  to  Mr.  CarKton's,  ami 
drank  collcf  in  conjpany  with  tw«nty-two  pcr.son.s. 

The  wind  blowing  fre^h  from  the  we.stward,  we  were  sonic- 
wipt  nlarincd  by  the  app«aranee  of  a  sail  .standing  acro.s.s  th* 
bay  for  .Mr.  C'arlfton's  hmding.  Some  of  our  company  con- 
cliuleil  that  it  was  cilJu'r  C'nshing,  or  some  of  liis  infernal 
attendants,  a|iprt)aehing  with  a  misehievt)u.s  design  to  interrii|)l 
our  v«»yage.  I  wa.^  extremely  anxious  for  tin;  event,  as  I  had 
a  number  of  papers  on  board  \\  Iiieli  would  have  been  reckoned 
highly  treasonable  against  the  States;  but  when  the  people 
landed  we  perceived  it  was  Mr.  CarKton's  brother,  from 
Piscatacpia,  who  had  ixeited  our  grounilless  fears.  Il«' brough 
no  int«dligenee  of  a  |)ublic  nature,  but  gave  us  an  account  of 
a  terrible  tem|H'st  of  thunder  and  lightning,  which  consumed 
in  the  s|)ace  of  thirty  minutes  a  stately  synagogue  at  Somers- 
worth,  destroyed  eight  sheep  at  a  little  distance,  and  twenty 
five  in  another  flock,  brake  to  |)ieces  an  huge  rock,  and 
demolished  above  forty  large  oak  tre«'s  within  the  compass  of 
thri'e  miles. 

^\'e  had  long  been  waiting,  with  eag»'r  expectation,  for  the 
arrival  of  C'a|)t.  Smith,  and  the  rest  of  our  company,  from 
Pownalboro' ;  at  length  Capt.  Smith.  Mr.  Ilitchins  and  John 
made  their  appearance  to  our  great  satisfaction.  Mr.  Palmer 
persuaded  them  to  attend  him  directly  on  board  our  vessel. 
which  lay  near  Mr.  Justice  Stinson's,  at  the  distance  of  two 
miles, 

Mr.  Jakins  anil  the  two  Mayers,  went  liy  \vater,  about  an 
hour  after  sunset,  when  the  former  and  Mr.  (leorge  Mayer, 
intending  to  set  out  for  home  very  early  in  the  morning,  took 
their  leave,  which  added  another  tender  scene  to  the  many  wi 
had  already  pas.sed  through,  and  the  honest  tears  of  aflection 
and  friendship  were  shed,  on  Ifoth   sides,  in  j)lcntiful  effusions. 

About  ten  Mr.  Carleton  returned  home  from  \Vitehcasset, 
and  brought  me  several  articles  from  Mr.  Wood,  together  with 
some  confused  account  of  the  expedition  against  Virginia. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAILEY.  13:3 

Wc  spent  the  rest  of  this  cveniiii:^  in  an  agreeable  manner. 
The  thonijhts,  however,  of  heaving  snch  benevolent  friends 
behiiul,  exposed  to  the  rage  of  persecution  and  the  vengeance 
of  relx'ls,  afl'orded  us  at  times  some  uneasy  sensations. 

June  9lli.  When  the  morning  opened,  we  perceived  that 
the  Westerlv  winds  were  died  away,  and  tiiat  a  dry  fog  hov- 
ered over  the  hmd,  which  allbrth'd  us  no  very  ph-asiiig  |)rospect. 

Our  friends  were  disheartened  at  th(!  thn-atening  symptoms 
of  (h'ou^hr,  and  botli  corn  and  grass  wi-re  beginning  to  lani,'ui.~h 
in  the  liclds. 

Just  before  suifrise  wc  bid  this  hospitable  family  adieu  with 
tender  regret,  and  proceeded  along  the  woods  to  the  ferry 
below  Hell's  CJate.  During  this  long  and  tedious  walk  wc 
were  greatly  incommoded  with  the  heat  of  the  season  and  the 
innumerable  swarms  of  voracious  insects.  Upon  our  arrival 
at  the  water,  we  made  a  signal  for  the  boat,  and  were  carried 
on  board  the  schooner,  but,  to  our  extreme  regret,  perceived 
that  Mr.  Ilitchins  had  returned  back  with  Mr.  Jakins  and 
Mayer. 

This  man  had  endured  a  variety  of  ptTsecutions  for  his 
integrity,  and  was  now  reduced  to  extreme  poverty;  he  had  a 
wife  and  several  small  children,  but  he  concluded  that  it  was 
more  prudent  to  leave  them  to  the  mercy  of  the  coimtry,  than 
to  run  the  risk  of  imprisomuent  and  death,  without  allording 
{hem  any  assistance.  But  Mr.  Paltner,  not  knowing  his  real 
character,  and  thiiddng  that  he  wouhl  incommode  us  in  our 
passage,  had  compelled  hiin,  in  a  manner,  to  leave  the  vessel. 

About  nine  we  got  under  way  with  a  gentle  breeze  from 
till'  south-west,  and  fell  down  between  I'arker's  Islatid  and 
Jeremis(piam  into  h^lieepscot  River.  The  country  hereabouts 
made  a  romantic  appearance,  line  groves  of  tall  trees,  shrubby 
evergreens,  craggy  rocks,  cultivated  liclds  and  human  habita- 
tions, alternatclv  presented  themselves  tt)  view,  ;uid  yielded 
a  profusion  of  pleasure  to  the  imagination. 

When  we  entered  Sheepscot  River  the  rolling  ocean  presented 
itself  in  open  prospect,  and  we  perceived  a  number  of  vessels 
sailing  at  a  distance.     About  two  o'cK)ck  we  got  into  the  scm. 


\'.){  iKo.NTirii    M  I  s.s  lo  N  \  It  V  ;    OR,  [1779. 

and  Ix'j^'aii  to   stcrr  townnh  tlir  (•;i>t,  Imt   ilir  wind  failing  we 
nuidc  l>ut  a  slow  progrrss. 

W'f  att(Mn|)t(>d  to  avoid  a  fishing  vessel  in  our  n('iglil)t)r!ioo<l, 
lest  some  accident  slionid  interrupt  onr  voyage,  hut  we  wen- 
unahje  to  carry  our  intention,  for  she  came  alongside,  and  wc 
found  the  scliooner  belonged  to  I  )tnnis  ( Jatcliell,  of  Bodingham, 
a  late  convest  from  reljellion  and  iiKlependence.  lie  gave  U3 
a  little  salt,  and  pron«)unced  his  benediction. 

As  night  apprt)acln'd  it  grew  |)«'rfectly  calm,  and  we  W(t<- 
obliged  to  anchor  in  Cajx"  Newaggen  harbour,  a  little  to  the 
west  of  Booth  }^iy.  This  is  an  exeellent  station  for  small 
shi|)ping.  'J'he  land  rises  with  arj  easy  sK)pe  from  the  water's 
edge  on  the  north  and  ]):irtly  on  the  east,  w  hile  the  n'mainder 
is  surnninded  with  islands  on  which  were  erected  fislicrmeirs 
huts.  ]Jetwecn  these  islands  you  |)ass  into  the  harbour  through 
very  small  inlets. 

Soon  after  our  arrival,  Mr.  (iatclieil  came  in  and  dropped 
an  anchor  near  us.  As  I  am  always  impatient  to  go  on  shore 
whenever  it  is  possible,  I  persuaded  our  men  to  get  the  boat 
in  readiness,  and  Mr.  i^almer  and  Mrs.  Bailey,  her  neiee  and 
little  son,  accompanied  me;  we  landed  upon  the  northern  shore. 

The  land,  from  the  water  to  some  considerable  distance,  was 
destitute  of  trees  and  coven-d  with  grass  exceedingly  green 
and  (lonrishing,  notwithstanding  the  dryness  of  the  season; 
the  soil,  though  rocky,  is  rich,  arxl  w<*  observed  that  the  plants 
and  (lowers,  which  grew  in  abundance,  were  large  and  thriving. 
We  followed  some  of  the  winding  paths  towards  the  east,  till 
the  pri>spect  opened  into  Townsend  harbojir,  which  stretches 
a  long  way  from  t!ie  sea  up  to  the  nortliward.  After  we  had 
divert«'d  ourselves  awhile  with  walking  aniong  these  romantic 
scenes,  we  returned  near  the  landing,  and  reposed  upon  the 
grass  till  evening  advanced  to  spread  abroad  her  cooling  and 
refr»'shing  shades.  While  we  continued  here,  I  observed  at 
some  distance,  the  ruins  of  an  human  habitation,  with  the 
vestiges  of  a  gard<'n,  constructed  among  the  rocks.  This,  Mr. 
l*almer  inforujed  me,  was  formerly  the  abode  of  an  hermit, 
who.  meeting  with  a  cruel  disappointment  in  a  love   matter, 


1771).]  LIFE     OF     11 EV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  1:35 

retired  from  all  society,  and  spent  the  rernaiiidcr  of  his  ilavs, 
to  extreme  old  ai^e,  in  this  forsaken  retreat.  Mr.  (Iateh<*ll 
came  on  shore,  and  JMitercd  into  a  long  conversation  \\  itii  us, 
coneernini^  his  former  conduet  and  |)resent  sentiments  with  re- 
gard to  the  American  relxllion.  Ilr  had  Ijecn  both  a  committee 
man  and  a  captain  of  (he  .Militia,  till  falling  in  company  with 
the  famous  Mr.  Sands,'  he  changed  his  licentious  principk\>j, 
and  from  a  furious  and  reveng<'ful  rebel,  became  a  sincere  and 
peaceable  subject.  He  declared,  that  however  improbable  it 
might  appear,  he  had  heretofore  acted  from  honest,  though 
mistaken  principles.  He  acknowledged,  that  he,  in  strict 
justice,  deserved  no  mercy  from  a  sovi-reign  he  had  so  greatly 
abused,  but  still  flattered  himself  with  the  hopes  of  forgivencs.s, 
from  the  known  lenity  of  the  I^ritish  Government,  and  the 
great  humanity  of  his  Royal  Master.  He  gave  me  several 
anecdotes  concerning  the  malice  and  violence  of  C'ushing, 
which  to  a  stranger  would  appear  to  exceed  the  limits  of  prob- 
ability. After  supper,  the  j)ersons  belonging  to  rny  family 
took  possession  of  the  hold,  and  spread  our  beds  upon  the 
hard  stones  wjiich  were  collected  for  ballast,  a  most  humble 
and  gloomy  situation.  We  had  not  Kmg  been  composed  to 
sleep,  before  we  were  arou.sed  by  thunder,  and  saw  the  light- 
ning flashing  through  the  crevices  with  tri'tnendous  glare,  while 
th(!  rain,  pouring  through  the  leaky  deck,  fell  upon  us  in 
streams. 

June  lOth.  This  morning,  after  a  succession  of  fine  showers, 
which  greatly  refreshed  the  face  of  nature,  the  wind  l)egan  to 
i)ree/e  froiu  the  north-west.  This  favoural;le  incident  deter- 
mined us  to  weigh  anchor  and  to  display  our  sails.  We  soon 
ran  down  to  l\'ma([uid,  and  saw  at  a  distance,  u[)  a  large 
opening  to  the  northward,  a  numbi-r  of  line  settlements  around 
the  ancient  port,  while  to  the  S.  W.,  we  had  a  pleasing  prospect 
of  Damariscove  Island,  mostly  cleared  land,  with  one  or  two 
haliitations ;  to  the    8.   K,  the   Isle   of  .Monhegan  rose  like   a 


•  QfF.RB — Robert  Sindemnn  ?  This  person  founded  a  re1iRiou<i  »cct  which  took 
his  name.  Many  of  his  followers  were  Loyalists.  See  Sabine's  American  Loyalist. 
p.  591. 


1:>(!  1  i;uNiii  i:     MissKiN  VIM   ;     oK,  [1771). 

iiiuiiiitiiiii  »Mit  »>f  iIm'  o«  t-aii.      Wf  ilistovtn'il  a  lo|)s:iil  ^clujoncr 
{(tniuliii;^  to   tlu'   south,   wliicli    was   aftrrwiinls   t;ikri),   as  we 
uiultTfitiMul,    by    tli«'    nionilc    friifatr.       W'l-    iiow    npproarhcd 
Pi'innquid  point,  nn   rxtm^ivi*.  narrow  headland,  riinnini^  oi: 
into  thr  srn  for  many   miles*.     'I'ln*  shorrj*,   1   ol)S('rvrd,   wcr- 
vrrv  hiijh,  rocky  and  nulc,  covcrt-d  with  a  i'lnv  appi-anuicf  of 
trees,  but  destitute  of  any  improvements  or  human  habitation-. 
We  were  obliged  to  beat  all  the  way.  for  ei^'liteen  miles,  up  t 
Uroail  Cove,  in  order  to  discharge  Mr.  Palmer.     In  our  passa^' 
we  pn.«*!*ed  by   a   beaut ifid  island  in  pos>es»sion  of  the   famon 
\ViIl    Tioud,   eontaining  several   hundred  aen*s   of  rich    land. 
Opposite  to   this  estate,   on   the   western   shore,  was   situated 
Round  l'i>iid.  rucirclrd  with  a  number  of  e|e<^ant  settlement-. 

We  eauje  to  an  anchor  a  littii'  above  Loud's  1-land,  and 
took  our  leave,  with  rci:ret,  of  our  zealous  frieiul,  .Mr.  Palmer. 
After  he  was  f^onc,  in  order  to  divert  our  mclani-holy,  while  tlx 
people  wi're  fdling  their  casks  with  water,  we  went  on  shof 
to  a  neiiihboring  house,  where  we  met  witli  a  friendly  reception. 
About  four  in  the  afternoon  we  set  sail,  and  proceeded  almost 
to  St.  (teorge's  Island,  under  the  assistance  of  a  propitiou- 
breeze,  but,  on  a  sudden,  the  wind  shifted  to  the  south-east, 
and  blew  with  some  degree  of  violence,  which  compelled  us  to 
alter  t)ur  lourse,  and  to  stand  up  the  river  towards  the  settle- 
ments in  Broad  Cove.  Nothing  could  be  more  romantic  and 
pleasing  than  the  prospects  aroiuiil  us. 

As  we  sailed  up  the  liarbunr  a  number  of  islands  of  various 
shapes  and  sizes,  partly  cidtivated,  and  partly  in  their  primeval 
wildness,  pre^*ented  themselves  to  view  in  alternate  stici-ession, 
till  we  hail  a  distant  appearance  of  the  Dutch  plantations  at 
Broad  Hay,  lying  conli^'uous  on  both  sides  of  tlu*  river.  At 
length  the  tine  settlements  on  the  Bristol  shore  suddenly 
opened  upon  us,  the  fields  arrayed  in  virgin  gr«'en,  gently 
sloping  down  to  the  water,  exhil)itcd  an  idea  of  cln'erfulne>.- 
ond  j<»y.  The  retlection,  however,  that  we  were  doomed  to 
abandon  these  pleasant  scenes,  checked  the  rising  cuiotions 
of  the  heart,  and  lillcd  our  minds  with  the  u'looms  oi  melancholy 
and  sorrow. 

\Vhcn  we  came  to  anchor,  the  two  brothers  condueted*u.s  on 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  Mil 

shore,  and  we  walkrd  tliroiisjli  a  range  of  fields  and  pastures 
to  the  habitatit)n  of  Mr.  Rhodes,  who  received  us  with  sincere 
expressions  of  hospitality.  The  sun  was  now  descending 
towards  the  niari.nn  of  the  western  horizon,  and  every  ohjfet 
was  brightened  with  his  beams  and  softened  with  the  cooling 
breezes  of  evening.  We  were  soon  provided  with  a  dish  of 
tea,  which,  after  our  fatigue  and  sickness  iijion  the  water, 
afVorded  us  a  seasonable  refreshment.  After  this  grateful 
repast,  we  walked  among  the  rural  scenes,  and  surveyed  them 
with  a  pleasing  regret,  and  having  spent  the  remainder  of  the 
evening  in  conversation,  supper  and  devotion,  we  went  to 
repose,  and  slept  cjuielly  till  the  morning. 


MI!.    r.lIODKS. 


This  generous  fariuer  was  l)orn  in  (Jermany,  and  emigrated 
from  those  dominions  in  the  early  part  of  liis  life.  I^y  his 
sobriety,  uprightness  and  industry,  he  has  acquired  an  hand.-omc 
fortune,  anil  had  the  curse  of  rebellion  never  fallen  upon 
America,  he  woulil  live  in  elegance  and  |)lrnty  without  the 
labour  of  his  hands;  but  his  family,  in  couuuon  with  others, 
has  been  reduced  to  a  morsel  of  bread,  through  the  ini(piity 
and  distress  of  the  times.  This  man,  by  a  spirit  of  industry, 
has  ac(piired  a  considerable  degree  of  knowledge,  and,  though 
in  a  remote  corner  of  the  world,  understands  both  men  and 
things,  to  a  degree  beyond  persons  in  his  station  of  life.  Ib- 
is rather  silent,  than  talkative,  yet  curious  and  inquisitive,  and 
listens  with  attention  to  whatever  is  advanced  in  conversation, 
whii-h  sometimes  inclines  him  to  be  wavering  in  religion  and 
politicks,  but  when  he  has  Icisiu'e  to  indulge  his  own  rellecttions, 
he  always  fixes  in  favor  ol  the  Church  and  British  Govern- 
ment, lie  is  humane,  generous  and  hos|)ilabIe,  but  is  wholly 
destitute  c)f  noise  in  his  IxMK-volent  i-ommunications ;  no  man 
has  a  greater  portion  of  integrity,  or  is  more  disposed  to  make 
his  neighi)ors  ha|)py.  But  with  all  these  virtues,  and  a  di>|)o- 
sition  ni'ver  to  contradict  or  irrit;ite,  he  coukl  not  esca|)e  the 
malice  and  vengeance  of  liberty;  but  notwithstanding  his 
mildness  and  moderation,  neithi-r  threatcnings  nor  persuasion 

could [A  part  of  the  .MS.  is  wanting.] 

18 


138  rUONTIKK      MI>si()NAUV;      OR,  [1779. 

June  I'Jl/i.  'I'liis  iiioriiiii^r  wlicn  tl;iyli^l)t  nppcan'd  wo  pot 
TiiultT  wci^li,  with  :i  lii,'lit  Uuv/.v  from  ilii'  iiortli-wcst.  which 
soon  cnrrii'tl  us  out  of  the  harl)«)iir.  \V«'  stferrd  an  11.  S  ]•]. 
coursr,  intriulint;  to  cro.-ts  thr  Jiay  of  Fiiixly,  Wiit  ht-rorc 
Wf  hiul  gaiiu'il  two  loa^ucs  from  St.  (Ii-orgo's  I.>;|aiul,  it  bi'iarnc 
cntiri'Iy  calm,  (luring  which  we  caught  a  consiilfrable  quantity 
of  roii-rj.-^h.  After  rolling  in  the  sea  f«)r  two  or  three  hours,  tin 
wind  iM'gan  to  breeze  from  the  S.  S.  Iv,  which  ohligeil  us  to 
keej)  close  hauled;  but  before  we  could  roach  tlje  Island  of 
Mt'tinic,  a  thick  fog  si't  in,  which  cxc  huled  us  from  the  sigh: 
of  any  land.  'I'his  induced  us  to  bear  away  for  the  Musd* 
Ridges,  a  number  of  islands  lying  ofl' St.  CJeorge's,  to  the  west 
of  I'cnobscot  Hay.  In  our  progress  towards  a  couvi-nicnt 
harbour,  we  were  alaru)cd  by  the  firing  of  cannon  at  somk- 
distance  on  the  eastern  points  of  the  compass.  A  thick  fog. 
nttonded  by  a  stormy  wind.  |)rr\('ntcd  ns  from  making  land 
till  wo  came  almost  u|)on  it.  \\'e  at  length  di.-coven-d  au 
opening,  through  which  we  explored  a  passage  without  any 
disaste-r,  and  came  to  anchor  a  little  to  the  leeward  of  several 
small  islands.  Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  immediately  went  on  shore, 
at  a  little  beach,  which  opened  between  the  rocks.  The  land 
was  covered  with  trees,  and  the  .>-kirts  of  the  upland  covered 
with  gooseberry  bushes,  ah'xander,  and  a  multitude  of  curious 
plants  and  (lowers  of  luxurious  growth  and  various  colors, 
which  formed  an  elegant  border  to  these  wild  and  romantii 
scenes.  Nothing  cduid  be  mere  iinc(|ii:il  and  dt  formed  llian  tl,' 
appearances  around  us,  as  we  walked  along  the  margin  oi 
this  i.-land;  here  we  encountered  a  vast  pile  of  ragged  stones, 
thrown  upon  cuch  other  in  the  ulinost  disorder,  rocmbling  tin- 
ruins  o{  nature;  there  a  rocky  promontory,  breaking  sudilcniy 
into  horrid  precipici-s,  with  tremi-ndous  chasms  and  caverns 
gaping  beneath  us;  on  ilii>  Inind  a  smooth  and  even  beach. 
covered  with  small  pebbles,  and  gently  sloping  to  the  edge  of 
the  water;  on  that  a  level  spot  adorned  with  green  and  enam- 
eled with  (lowers. 

After  wo  had  diverted  ourselves  with  these  various  ap|)ear- 
ancos,  we  returned  on  board  and  dratdi  colTeo.  But  curiosity 
impelled  ua   to  visit   another  island    which   lay    at   a    farther 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     KKV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  1:39 

distance  towards  the  south-east.  The  tide  was  so  rapid  and 
replete  with  e(l(]i<'s  and  whirlpools,  tliat  it  was  with  some 
dilUculty  and  hazard  we  reached  the  destined  shore.  We 
found  here,  a  fine,  sandy  beach  with  an  elegant  slope,  but  the 
island  was  so  overgrown  with  immense  trees,  chie/ly  yellow 
birch,  and  underbrush,  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  pene- 
trate the  thickets.  We  discovered,  in  our  excursions,  a  number 
of  (lowers  and  plants  of  the  same  species  which  flourish  upon 
the  other  neii^dibouring  islands.  We  reached  our  vessel  about 
sunset,  when  an  heavy  mist  set  in,  anil  the  wind  began  to 
breeze  from  the  eastern  j^oints  of  the  compass. 

We  passed  away  the  evcnin*^  in  as  aii;reeai)le  a  manner  as 
our  present  situation  Avould  permit,  being  no  l(\<s  than  ten 
persons  crowded  in  the  small  cabin,  amid  heat  and  smoke, 
till  we  were  almost  suffocated,  and  then  were  obliged  to  repair 
upon  deck  to  breathe  a  purer  air,  but  here  we  were  incommoded 
with  the  chilly  fog  and  a  numerous  army  of  mosquitos.  After 
8up|X'r  we  confined  ourselves  to  our  imprisonment  in  the  hold, 
a  dark  and  gloomy  situation,  where  we  were  tormented  with 
the  stench  of  bilge  water,  atid  other  disagreeable  odors. 

June  13//f.  (Siou/otj.)  This  morning  opened  with  the  saiuc 
kind  of  weather  as  the  ])receding  dav,  and  this  season,  devoted 
to  Christian  joy  and  festivity,  passed  away  witliout  all'ording 
us  any  agreeable  or  cheerful  ineidi'tit. 

We  however  endeavored  to  preserve  each  other  from  sinking 
into  tnelancholy.  To  persons  in  our  situation,  scarce  any- 
thing could  be  more  disagreeable  than  to  be  detained  by 
contrary  winds,  in  the  neighbt)rhood  of  those  hostile  shores 
from  which  we  were  fleeing.  After  dinner  Captain  Smith 
thought  it  prudent  to  remove  to  a  more  convenient  station,  as 
the  air  and  heavens  proclaimed  an  approaching  tempest,  and 
we  lay  somewhat  exposed  to  the  ravages  of  a  north-east  wind. 
In  eonsecpuMice  of  this  (Jetcrmination.  we  sailed  al)out  a  mile 
to  tin-  eastern-most  of  this  range  of  i>lanils,  and  came  to  anchor 
at  the  enteranee  of  a  convenient  little  harbour,  which  formed 
a  narrow  ojiening  into  a  large  island.  On  the  north  shore  wi* 
perceived  a  little  hai)itation  with  a  considerable  quantity  of 
improved  land  around  it.     This  was  a  pleasing  sight,  as  wc 


1  |0  lltoNTirU      MISSIONAKV;      OK,  [17  71). 

had  latfly  si'»*n  iiuiliint,'  rxctpt  water  ami  nnciiHlvali-tl  wilds. 
On  till'  opposite  slion',  wr  |)rt's«'ntly  discovrrrd  another  l)nild. 
iug  contiguous  to  a  Inv^c  prowth  of  tree!*,  with  some  little 
green  patches  between  it  and  the  inarijiM  of  the*  water.  "\\'e 
had  no  sooner  secured  our  vcsm-I,  than  John  Iloil'man,  and  the 
other  two  Dutchmen,  took  the  boat  and  went  on  shore  to 
procure  n  littU*  milli.  They  (juiekly  returned  on  board  in  hii,'h 
}«pirits,  and  with  joy  sj)arkrmi,'  from  their  eyes,  assuring  us  that 
a  Briti^h  Ih'ct,  with  a  deiaehment  of  land  forces  from  Halifax, 
liad  just  arrived  in  the  cdmirry,  aixl  w  i-re  resolved  to  take 
])osse>sit)n  of  the  country  and  erect  a  fort  in  Penobsc(»t  Bay. 
\Vc  imaginetl  this  report  to  be  too  fortunate  to  be  true,  espe- 
cially as  the  people  had  it  oidy  from  uncertain  rumour.  ()ni- 
cireumstance,  however,  seemed  to  coidirm  it;  we  had,  th< 
the  preceding  forenoon,  taken  notice  of  a  large  scjuare-rigged 
vessel  standing  along  without  the  island,  which  we  now  hail 
reason  to  a|)prchend  was  one  of  the  royal  fleet.  These 
appearances  served  to  amuse  us  during  supper,  and  furnished 
abundant  niatter  of  conversation  and  gave  rise  to  a  variety  i>: 
conjectures.  'J'hiy  however  dej)rive(l  me,  in  a  great  measure, 
of  sleep,  and  1  lay  with  eager  impatience  for  the  morning 
light. 

June  14///.  After  wo  arose,  we  began  instantly  to  prepare 
for  going  on  shore  before  breakfast,  intending  to  take  materials 
with  us  for  that  purpose,  but  we  were  tietained  a  little  by  a 
ini.nerabie  object  from  the  house  which  stood  on  the  southern 
side  of  the  harbour.  The  man  had  famine  strongly  pietureii 
in  his  face,  and  informed  us  that  his  wife  had  been  delivered 
of  a  child  about  ten  days  before,  and  that  she  had  ever  >inee 
been  destitute  of  any  kind  of  sustenance,  except  one  gill  ol 
Indian  meal  and  a  lish.  i\Irs.  Bailey  was  so  moved  with  her 
situation  that  she  sent  her  soiue  relief,  notwithstanding  we 
had  the  greatest  prospect  of  sull'ering  ourselves  before  we 
could  reach  the  liiuits  of  Nova  Scotia.  We  landed  abotif 
seven  in  the  morning,  and  were  rejoiced  to  find  ourselves  once 
more  delivered  from  a  wretched  eon(!nemeMt.  We  approaeheil 
the  house  with  some  degree  of  timidity,  being  ignorant  of 
the  people  and   uncertain  what   Kind  of  reception  they  might 


1779.]  I- 1  r  E     OF     REV.     J  A  (■  O  B     13  A  I  L  E  Y  .  Ill 

give  lis.  Mrs.  Bailey  was  dressed  with  a  small  roll  upon  lier 
head,  which  induced  Mrs.  Welch,  mistress  of  the  house,  and 
her  father  to  exclaim  with  the  utmost  vehemence  against  the 
wickedness  of  the  times,  and  when  they  perceived  that  she 
was  a  minister's  wife,  they  conceived  the  wearing  of  the  roll 
to  be  an  unpardonable  crime.  It  is  really  surprising  that 
when  so  many  flagrant  vices  prevail  in  the  country,  such  as 
the  most  daring  profancness,  perjury,  and  a  visible  contempt 
for  all  religious  institutions,  not  to  mention  the  oppression, 
injustice  and  inhuma;:ily  that  is  everywhere  jiractiitd  wiili 
impunity,  I  repeat  that  it  is  surprising,  that  in  such  eircuiii- 
stances,  people  should  imagine  that  any  particular  fashittn 
should  occasion  the  indignation  of  Heaven  against  our  couniry, 
or  to  imagine  that  dress  or  external  habit  ensjaE'es  the  attention 
of  the  Deity,  more  than  the  conduct  of  our  lives,  the  words  of 
our  mouths,  or  the  sentiments  of  our  hearts.  To  rail  against 
fashions  has  always  been  the  employment  of  little  and  narrow 
minds,  and  is  a  convincing  evidence  of  a  mean  and  sordid 
jiride,  which  envies  every  person  who  is  able  to  appear  in  any 
distinction  above  ourselves.  Mr.  Welch,  however,  iliscovered 
a  greater  knowledge  of  the  world,  and  rej^roved  his  wife  for 
her  censorious  disposition;  this  had  an  happy  etleet,  and  we 
were  afterwards  treated  with  as  iiuuli  respect  and  consideration 
as  we  could  expect.  The  weather  l)eing  very  stormy,  we 
were  chiefly  confined  to  the  house,  I,  however,  fre(iuently  ven- 
tured abroad  in  the  rain  to  examine  the  various  scenes  around 
us,  especially  the  vegetable  productions,  which  flourishi'd  here 
in  great  perfection.  The  soil  of  this  island  is  composed  of 
dark,  rich  earth,  intermixed  with  a  vast  profusion  of  clam 
shells,  to  the  extent  of  several  feet  deep,  which  ivind  of  com- 
position is  extremely  favourable  to  vegetation.  These  appear- 
ances are  a  strong  indication  that  this  island  was  formerly  a 
noted  |)iace  of  rendezvous  for  the  Indians,  who  resided  here  in 
great  luimbers  in  their  lisliing  season.  Mr.  Welch  had  a 
pretty  garden  spot,  contiguous  to  his  house,  which  afl'orded  me 
some  amusement,  though,  I  must  confess,  I  could  not  survey 
the  varions  objects  and  rising  j)lants  without  many  sorrowful 
emotions;  everything  about  me  recalled  the  pleasing  scenes  I 


\  \2  niONTIKR     Nf  ISSION  A  K  V   ;     OR,  [1779. 

hail  f«)r:*:ikru,  the  (lcli;,'lii I iii  iniiis  uf  niy  labour,  mid  <*xcitod  a 
miiiilxTof  iiiH-asy  am)  painful  fiiMi.satioiis.  Aftrr  1  had  fatigued 
inysi-lf  with  walking,'  in  the  \vc\  and  vicwini^  every  t)bjet't 
WDTihy  of  t)l)servali«»n,  I  reentered  the  house  and  diverted 
riiysflf  with  the  eonversation  and  long  stories  of  father  Renkin. 
He  was  between  seventy  and  eighty  years  of  age,  liad  r<  ad  a 
few  authors,  just  sullic-ient  to  exeite  his  vanity,  and  had  some 
considerable  aecjuaintanee  with  all  the  ancient  settlers  in  tlu- 
eastern  country,  and  was  able  to  furnish  several  curious  anee- 
clotcs  of  theni  and  their  ancestors.  His  notions,  however, 
were  very  contracted,  and,  like  a  true  Irish  l^resbyterian,  he 
was  bett«'r  ph-ased  to  censure  than  applaud.  Wi-  here  received 
a  confirniation  of  the  British  invasion,  and  though  tin;  people 
here  had  always  favored  the  rebellion,  they  were  now  extremely 
forward  to  make  a  seasonable  submission,  since  any  kind  of 
resistance  would  only  contribute  to  increase  their  misfortunes, 
and,  'besides,'  continued  they,  'it  must  be  for  our  interest  to 
receive  protection  and  support  from  the  Jiritons,  as  our  adher- 
ence to  Congress  can  assure  us  nothing  hut  misery,  nakedness 
and  famine,'  After  dining  on  shori",  and  making  several 
excursions  abroad,  we  returned  to  our  vessel  about  sunset, 
when  the  storm  began  to  rage  with  increasing  violence.  The 
noise  of  the  winds,  the  dashing  of  the  waves  against  the 
adjacent  rocks,  and  the  falling  of  the  rain  upon  the  deck,  were 
sullicient  to  previ-nt  us  from  taking  any  comfortable  repose. 

June  l-'i/li.  When  we  arose  in  the  morning  we  jierceivcd 
the  weather  to  be  still  wet  and  storming,  with  the  wind  about 
cast;  and,  as  there  was  no  prosj^ect  of  sailing,  we  determined 
to  spnid  the  day  on  shore.  Tlic  p(H)ple  received  us  with  civil- 
ity, especially  as  we  were  ai)lc  to  give  them  a  taste  of  bread, 
which  was  here  an  extreme  rarity.  I  observed  that  vegetables 
upon  these  islands  were  at  least  ten  days  later  in  their  advance 
towards  perfection  than  at  Pownalboro';  this  must  certainly 
be  owing  to  the  sea  air  and  the  frequency  of  fogs.  I  found 
Mr.  W'llch  very  obliging,  and  disposed  to  give  me  all  the  a.s- 
sistanct!  and  entertainment  in  his  power.  After  dinner,  as  the 
girls  were  walking  out,  they  returned  in  surprise,  and  declared 
they  had  discovered  a  barge  full  of  men  making  towards  the 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  143 

shore  on  tlic  north-eastern  side  of  tlie  ishmd.  At  the  same 
time  Capt.  Smith  and  Dr.  Myers  arrived  from  our  vessel, 
bringing  information  that  a  large  brig  passed  l)y  an  opening 
to  the  northward,  between  two  islands.  This  intelligence  de- 
termined INIr.  Wekh,  Capt.  Smith,  and  I,  to  walk  ronnd  the 
island,  but  to  our  mortification  we  were  unable  to  make  any 
discovery,  the  brig,  we  imagined,  having  slipped  int(»  Owl's 
Head,  at  the  distance  of  a  league,  —  the  wind  favoring  sueh  a 
movement.  As  we  were  returning,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the 
island,  an  heavy  shower  overtook  us,  and  we  were  alarmed  by 
several  loud  and  rattling  peals  of  thunder,  upon  which  the 
clouds  began  to  disperse  and  the  Heavens  to  brighten.  But 
this  (latlering  prospect  did  not  long  continue,  for  as  the  even- 
ing advanced  an  heavy  dark  mist  overspread  both  the  land 
and  water. 

We  spent  this  day  more  agreeably  than  the  former,  and  had 
a  variety  of  incidents  to  drive  away  melancholy  relleetions; 
for  notwithstanding  we  assumed  an  air  of  cheerfulness  and 
resolution,  it  occasioned  us  abundance  of  regret  and  chagrin, 
when  we  found  ourselves  departing  from  our  native  country, 
to  seek  a  refuge  in  a  foreign  region,  among  strangers,  who 
would  probably  eye  us  with  suspicion  and  jealousy;  and,  be- 
sides, compulsion  is  always  attended  with  uneasy  sensations. 
Men  can  readily  quit  the  land  which  gave  therh  birth  and  ed- 
ucation when  interest,  |)leasure,  or  curiosity  entice  them  ;  l)ut 
when  they  are  expelled  by  faction,  or  legal  authority,  the  case 
is  extremely  dift'erent;  our  pride,  in  these  circumstances,  is 
alarmed,  and  that  natural  abhorrence  that  every  mortal  has  to 
restraint,  embitters  our  minds,  and  we  repair  to  the  place  of 
our  l)anishnient,  however  delightful  antl  advantageous,  with 
rekutance  and  aversion.  But  what  rendered  our  situation 
Btill  more  distressing,  was  the  uncertainty  of  our  return  to  our 
country,  our  friends,  and  habitation. 

About  dark  we  returned  again  to  our  ])rison,  and  having  pre- 
pared supper,  continued  to  divert  ourselves  in  the  best  manner 
we  were  able.  We  however  proposed  the  next  morning,  should 
wind  and  weather  permit,  to  go  in  search  of  the  Jkitish  lleet, 
and  then  went  to  repose. 


Ill  FUdNTir. K    missionary;    ok,  [1779. 

June   \^\th.     'I'liis   moniiii^',  wlicii  wo  Jiwoko,  a  little  before 
sunrise,  we  liad   the  ai,'rc.eul)le  information  that  the  weather 
\va»  line  ami  clear,  ami  the  wind  l)e^illnin^'  to  breeze  from  th^ 
west.      This    intelli^eMee    revived    o\ir    s|)irils,    but    w«'    were 
obliged  to  wait   for  the   tide   till   after  breakfast,  for  it   I)»ing 
(>|)ring  tides,  the  water  had   ebbi-d   out  so  low  that  we  were 
aground.     It  was  with  great  impatience  that  wo  waited  till  tli 
eleuieut   returned   to  assist  our  escape;   at  length,  about  uint , 
we  came  to  sail,  and   p  isseil  through  a  narrow  channel,  and 
stood  away  towards  Owl's  Head,  under  favour  of  a  propitious 
gale,  with  a  view  to  discover,  if  possible,  some  of  the  J3ritis!i 
fleet.      We    stood  away  to  the   northward   till  we  had  a  fair 
prospect  into  Owl's   lb  ad    llmlmur,  but    no  vessels  appearing, 
we  had  some  dispute  whether  we   should    proceed  up  Penob- 
scot 13:iy,  or  tlireet  our  course  for  Nova  Scotia.     I  was  inclineil 
to   favour  llic   former   ])r()|)(>>al,  but    the   rest   nf  our  conipaiiv 
being  anxious  to  visit  Halifax,  and   Mrs,  Bailey  expressing  her 
fears  that  instead  of  tluding  British  ships,  we  should  fall  auu)ng 
rebel  criHscrs,  I  gave  directions  to  cross   the  Bay  of  Fuiuly. 
Nothing  could  be  more  llattering  than  the  prospect  before  us; 
the  sky  was  serene,  with   a  gentle  gale   from   the  west  north- 
west, and  a  nuudier  of  small  clouds  over  the  land,  promised  a 
propitious  season.     AVe  were,  besides,  charmed  with  llic  va- 
rious apjicarances  around   us,  —  the  ocean,  intersj)ersed  with  a 
multitude  of  line  islands,  of  diU'crent   shapes  and  dimensions: 
to  the  north,  IVnobscot  Bay  opened  ini«»  the  land,  with  its  nu- 
merous i^lands,  coven-d  with  lofty  trees,  cxci-pt  lu-re  and  thei' 
an   infant    plantation,  while   beyond,  the   Canulen  Mountain 
arose   in   uiajestic  grandeur,  throwing  their   rugg«'{|   summit- 
abt)vi'   the  clouds;  these,  as  we   approaclu-d   the    Fox    Island 
without,  began  gradually  to  diminish  till  their  dusky  azure  re- 
sembled the  seat  of  a  thunder-tempest,  advancing  to  discharge 
its   vengeance   on   some   distant   shore.     But  while  we  were 
viewing  these  romantic  sci-ni's  with   a  mixture  of  delight  and 
veneration,  and  taking  leave  of  our  native  regions  with  melan- 
choly regret,  the  wind  sudderdy  shifted   into  the  S.  S.  W.,  and 
a  thick  fog  covered  the  surface  of  the  ocean  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  exclude  every  object.     This  incident  allorded  us  abun- 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  115 

dance  of  perplexity,  as  we  had  to  pass  throujc^h  a  multitude  of 
islands  and  rocks,  none  of  which  could  be  discovered  at  the 
distance  of  ten  rods.  We  however  ventured  to  continue  our 
voyage  in  this  uncertain  situation.  The  wind  continued  to 
blow  a  moderate  gale,  though  it  remained  so  scanty  that 
we  were  obliged  to  go  close-hauled.  In  the  afternoon  the 
weather  for  several  hours  was  obscure  and  gloomy,  and  gave  us 
uneasy  apprehensions  of  an  approaching  storm,  a  circumstance 
no  ways  agreeable  to  persons  confined  to  such  a  little  shallop, 
in  so  threatening  a  tract  of  the  ocean  as  the  Bay  of  P'undy. 
These  apprehensions  contiiuu'd  to  disturb  our  repose  till  about 
an  hour  before  night,  when  the  sun  brake  forth  in  all  the 
brightness  of  his  departing  glory,  and  tinged  the  summits  of 
the  rolling  waves  with  his  level  beams.  At  the  same  time  we 
had  a  distant  view  of  Mount  Desert,  at  an  immense  distance, 
setting  like  a  hillock  on  the  water.  All  our  company  by  this 
time  were  extremely  sick,  except  the  Captain,  who  was  obliged 
to  continue  at  the  helm  till  the  returning  light  began  to  dis- 
perse the  shades  of  darkness.  The  wind  continued  somewhat 
favourable  till  after  midnight,  when  it  died  away  for  more  than 
two  hours,  then  sprang  up  S.  E.,  almost  ahead  ;  about  stuirise 
came  to  the  east,  th«'n  N.  N.  E.,  where  it  freshened  up  into  a 
severe  gale.  It  was  now  tide  of  (lood,  and  the  current  pro- 
ceeding in  direct  opposition  to  the  wind,  a  sharp  and  dan- 
gerous sea  commenced.  After  reefing  we  attemj)ted  to  scud, 
but  the  seas  rolling  over  the  vessel  obliged  us  to  bring  to. 
The  tempest  still  increased;  the  wind  roared  like  thunder  in 
the  shrouds;  the  ocean  around  us  was  all  ragged  and  deformed, 
and  we  were  filled  with  great  agitation  and  dread,  c.\p<cting 
every  moment  to  be  swallowt'd  up  in  the  inunense  abyss.  We 
were  unable  to  take  any  refreshment,  and  continued  till  the 
storm  abated  confined  to  our  miserable  apartments. 

June  Villi.  The  storm  continuing  to  rage  with  unceasing 
vioh-nce,  we  found  ourselves  in  a  very  luieasy  and  dangerous 
situation,  for,  as  I  have  already  oi)served,  the  tides  at  this  .rea- 
son were  exceeding  full,  wliirli  occasioned  them  to  set  into  the 
Bay  of  Fundy  with  rapid  violence,  and  the  wind  blowing  hard 
against  the  current  drove  the  water  into  irregular  heaps,  which 
19 


140  riioNTir. u    missionary;    or,  [1779. 

npprart'il  on  rvi-ry  liaiid  like  tiiormoiis  rocks  or  pillars, — Irtc 
rir^ini,'  in  a  conic  form  to  an  ainazinj^  height,  and  there  breakiiif^ 
into  treinendons  precipices  or  fallini,'  ruins,  while  immense 
caverns,  gaping  from  heneath,  threatened  us  with  immediat*- 
destruction.  I  was,  during  these  commotions,  conlined  with 
niv  faiuilv  in  thi"  hold,  hut  the  weather  being  warm  and  ili'- 
vessel  extremely  tight,  we  contrived  to  keep  the  hatchway 
partly  open  to  lei  in  fresh  air  and  to  prevent  sulVocation.  Tlir 
consequence  of  thi-  precaution  was  a  deluge  of  wat«'r;  for  the 
waves,  breaking  over  the  deck,  came  pouring  upon  us,  and 
almo.st  drowned  »is  in  our  wretched  coiilinement.  In  attem|)t- 
ing  to  scud  before  the  wind  and  billows  we  were  in  iniinincnt 
danger — a  mighty  wave  l)rake  over  the  stern  and  instantly 
plunged  our  trembling  vessel  imder  water;  this  obliged  the 
captain  to  bring  to,  upon  which  alteration  we  became  more 
secure  till  the  tempest  abated.  During  the  continuance  of 
this  conllict  our  situation  was  extremely  uneasy,  every  soul  on 
board  except  Captain  Smith  being  dying  sick,  and  unable  to 
nllord  him  the  h  ast  assistance,  which  rendered  his  care  and 
labour  at)midantly  more  distressing.  We  that  were  impri.son- 
cd  in  the  hold  were  in  a  most  woful  pickle,  almost  stifled  with 
the  fumes  of  bilge  water,  our  beds  swimming,  our  clothes  drip- 
piiK'  wet,  and  (uir  minds  under  the  greatest  anxiety  for  our- 
selves and  each  other.  The  thoughts  of  Ix'ing  driven  from  our 
country,  our  uuu  h  lovcil  home,  and  all  those  endearing  con- 
nections we  had  been  forming  for  so  many  years,  and,  if  we 
escaped  the  angry  vengeance  of  the  ocean,  the  expectation  of 
landing  on  a  strange  and  unknown  shore,  depressed  our  spirits 
beyonil  mca-urc,  and  lilled  us  with  the  sad  glooms  of  despond- 
ency anil  wo.  But,  as  appearances  often  change  in  this  various 
world,  about  two  of  the  o'clock,  when  the  tide  began  to  set  out 
of  the  Hay  again,  we  wen-  presently  indulged  with  an  happy 
alteration.  The  wind  shifted  further  to  the  northward,  the 
seas  al)ated,  and  we  cpiickly  found  ourselves  able  to  proceed 
on  nur  voyage;  and  >till  to  cheer  and  animate  our  spirits,  the 
clouds  began  to  break  away,  the  fog  to  disperse.  ar)d  the  sun 
to  adorn  the  waves  with  his  western  beams.  Wafted  by  a 
gentle   gale   we   advanced  towards   the   Acadian   shores,  and 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  117 

about  three  hours  before  sunset,  to  our  great  joy,  diseovercci 
land  ;  but  this  pleasing  j)ros|)eet  did  not  long  continue,  the 
wind  fainted  into  a  calm,  and,  as  the  darkness  approacheti,  an 
heavy  fog  covered  the  mighty  deep  in  such  a  manner  that  we 
could  not  discover  any  object  at  the  distance  of  a  rod.  Under 
these  disagreeable  circumstances  we  were  obliged  to  stand  off 
to  sea  in  order  to  avoid  the  danger  of  running  upon  an  un- 
known shore  before  morning.  This  unfortunate  and  unex- 
pected turn  in  the  weather  occasioned  us  great  uneasiness, 
and  threw  us  into  our  former  dejection.  To  such  a  number  of 
sea-sick  and  tempest-beaten  mortals,  who  had  been  flattered 
with  the  prospect  of  entering  into  an  harbour,  this  returning  to 
sea  was  a  most  grievous  mortification  ;  but  we  had  no  other 
remedy  except  patience,  and  a  very  slender  dose  of  that  excel- 
lent drug.  As  to  myself,  it  gave  me  an  addition  of  i)ain  to 
lind  that  Captain  Smith  had  no  assistance  in  thesr  dillicult 
circumstances,  but  was  obliged  to  continue  at  the  helm  till 
daylight  appeared.  The  fore  part  of  the  night  wc  had  the 
wind  at  S.  S.  W.,  with  thick  weather. 

June  ISth.  Towards  morning  the  wind  shifted  into  the  N. 
E.,  then  east,  and  afterwards  into  the  S.  E.,  when  it  began  to 
blow  and  rain,  with  most  threatening  appearances  of  a  storm. 
This  unexpected  continuance  of  bad  weather  had  a  very  ma- 
lignant inlluence  upon  our  whole  company.  'J'lie  hands,  with 
Dr.  Mayer,  the  old  bachelor,  swore  bitterly;  thi-  c.iptain,  not- 
withstanding his  moderation,  lost  all  patience,  and  loudly  com- 
plained of  the  unpropitious  season,  while  we  began  to  imagine 
that  we  should  never  be  able  to  reach  our  intended  port,  so 
many  impediments  arising  to  retard  our  progress.  We,  how- 
ever, found  some  consolation  when  wi'  perceived  that  the  wind 
rather  abated,  and  in  the  afternoon  it  blew  in  our  favor,  so  that 
we  rediscovered  the  land  towards  evening.  Hut  the  fog  con- 
tinued to  hover  over  the  surface  of  the  water  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  became  wholly  unsafe  to  aim  at  any  harbour.  In  bear- 
ing away  from  the  shore  we  discovered,  through  the  surround- 
ing fog,  several  little  islands,  interspersed  wiih  rugged  rocks, 
against  which  the  waves,  dashing  with  violence,  occasioned  a 


lis  ruoNTiiK     missionary;    or,         [1771). 

fri;i,'litrul  roaiiiii,'.      W  <•   liad   ilic  i^'oud   fori uiic,  liowovcr,  to  es- 
cape without  <hiiiia^'<'. 

Aftrr  krrping  uliuost  two  ilaVH  bttwi-cn  decks,  as  it  was 
now  nion*  i-altn  and  iiiodrrati',  1  vrnturcd  out  of  my  (•oiiliiii-'- 
mtMit  to  coiitrrnplatc  tlif  strikiiiti;  prospect  around  us.  Noth- 
ing appean-d  but  a  waste  of  wati-rs  in  perpetual  motion,  with 
a  surface  rutrued  and  unsliapen  beyond  ima«,Mnation,  f(»r  the 
seas  in  this  Hay  of  l-'undy  do  not  roll  with  regular  succession 
as  in  other  oceans,  w  iih  gradual  swellings,  which  rise  in  ex- 
tensive order,  one  behind  another,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach, 
but  here  we  perceive  waves  of  a  thousand  various  figures  and 
dimensions,  resembling  a  luullitude  of  rocks  and  broken  frag- 
ments of  nature,  t*)rn  by  some  violent  explosion,  and  rudely 
scattered  over  an  immense  desert  or  barren  plain.  While  W(? 
were  sitting  u|)on  deck  and  diverting  ourselves  as  well  as  our 
situation  would  admit,  one  of  our  hens  escaped  from  her  con- 
finement in  the  salt  room  and  Hew  about  the  vcs;^el  from  one 
cpiartcr  to  another,  seemingly  exulting  in  her  liberty.  But 
alas  I  this  freedom  proved  the  destruction  of  the  volatile  and 
noisy  animal,  for  one  of  our  comjiany  attempted  to  secure  her, 
upon  which  she  immediately  Hew  overboard  into  the  sea,  and 
sat  struggling  and  cackling  upon  the  waves  till  we  could  see 
her  no  longer.  I  must  confess  tliat  in  my  present  circum- 
stances this  accident  afTected  me,  and  I  was  moved  with  com- 
passion for  the  fooli.xh  (iutterer,  when  I  observed  her  exposed 
to  inevitable  destruction,  striving  to  regain  the  vessel,  and,  as 
it  were,  calling  aloud  for  assistance,  when  we  were  unal)le  to 
afVord  the  wretched  ijeing  any  relief.  How  often  tlo  we  behold 
animals  who  fondly  boast  of  reas(»n,  hurrying  themselves  with 
almost  the  sanje  gi<ldy  precipitation  into  ruin.  How  common 
is  it  for  men,  when  impatient  of  legal  restraint,  and  ardent  to 
ac(piire  unbounded  freedom,  —  how  frequent  is  it  for  jieoplc 
in  these  circumstances,  when  they  have  escaped  from  every 
confinetnent  and  gained  their  wished  (pr  liberty,  to  plunge 
headlong  into  destruction,  and  when  they  become  sensible  too 
late  of  their  unbounded  ra^hncss  and  folly,  they  arc  desirous 
from  their  hearts  to  reenter  that  condition   they  once  called 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  \  {[) 

slavery  and  bondage.  In  short,  I  am  convinced  that  no  ani- 
mal iti  nature  makes  so  pernicious  an  improvement  of  liberty 
as  man;  for  notwithstanding  all  his  boasted  pretencCvS  to  wis- 
dom, if  you  place  him  in  a  situation  of  unrestrained  license,  it 
is  a  thousand  to  one  if  he  do  not  ruin  both  himself  and  all  his 
intimate  connexions.  But  enough  of  liberty  for  the  jiresent, 
since  I  had  a  sufficient  surfeit  from  it  in  New  England,  and 
have  seen  from  that  abus(>d  principle  all  the  miseries  of  licen- 
tiousness, anarchy,  and  tyranny,  (lowing  like  so  many  torrents 
to  delug(;  that  unhappy  and  devoted  land.  .Just  about  sun- 
set we  were  favored  with  another  flattering  prospect  of  line 
weather;  a  glim  from  the  western  hemisphere  inspired  us  with 
pleasure,  but  upon  the  rising  of  the  fog  we  were  alarmed  to 
find  ourselves  almost  contiguous  to  a  dangerous  rock,  called 
the  (lurnet,  wiiich  rose  with  perpendicular  sides,  like  a  large 
building,  above  the  water.  The  wind  was  now  beginning  to 
blow  gently  from  the  S.  W.,  which,  when  we  had  cleared  the 
land  as  we  imagined,  was  extremely  favourable  to  our  purpose. 
But  alas!  wiien  we  had  been  running,  as  we  fondly  conceived, 
along  the  coast  to  the  eastward  of  Cape  Sable,  to  our  great 
surprise  we  heard  a  tcrril>le  roaring  on  every  hand.  In  this 
scene  of  apprehension  and  danger  Captain  Smith  l)ronght  to, 
and  upon  sounding,  perceived  ourselves  amidst  shoals  and 
breakers,  in  about  two  fathoms  of  water,  and,  as  he  conchuled, 
just  upon  that  terrible  ledge  or  range  of  rocks,  called  the 
Devil's  Limb.  To  extricate  ourselves  from  this  alarming  situ- 
ation, the  captain  put  instantly  about,  and  wc  stood  till  day- 
light across  this  vexatious  Bay  of  Fundy. 

June  19///.  When  the  daylight  began  to  disperse  the  shades 
of  darkness  we  found  ourselves  encumbered  with  a  dismal  fog, 
which  hovered  with  almost  impenetrable  thickness  over  the 
face  of  the  ocean,  whilst  th<!  sky  above  was  perfectly  clear, 
with  a  fine  beautiful  azun'.  At  length,  after  rolling  several 
hours  in  a  dead  calm,  the  wiud  !)cgan  to  fill  the  sails,  when 
we  discovered  a  large  vessel  k)aded  with  laml)er  standing  to- 
wards the  south.  This  appearance  induced  us  to  make  after 
her,  and,  if  possible,  to  speak  with  her,  that  we  might  actpiire 
some  intelligence,  but  when  she  perceived  our  intention   she 


l.")()  I   RON  11  III      MIssroNAUY;     OR,  [1779. 

iTDwdfii  all  Iht  sails,  and  ran  Innii  us  with  tlio  swiftest  cxpe- 
tlilitm,  siispi'cting  u^,  as  wc  aj)|)rflu'ii(]t'(l,  for  an  eiUMiiy. 
About  nine  in  the  moriiin;,'  the  lo^  wholly  dispersed,  and  we 
were  favored  with  a  serene  sky  and  a  ilne  hree/e  froni  the  W. 
N.  W.,  which  happened  to  be  the  most  propitious  (piarter  of 
lle-aven.  Having  sailed  an  hotir  l»efore  this  delightful  gale  wc 
disi'overeil  the  S«*al  Island,  lying  about  seven  h-agnes,  as  we 
imagined,  to  the  N.  E.  About  eleven  we  greatly  rejoieed  at 
the  long  wished  for  prospect  of  Cape  Sable,  and  it  gave  us 
immense  pleasure  to  behold  a  country  under  the  dominion  of 
our  lawful  I'rince,  and  where  the  tyranny  of  republican  villains 
had  not  yet  extended.  1  was,  however,  surprised  to  find  the 
coa»t  low,  with  sandy  hillocks  along  the  shores,  instead  of 
those  lofty,  rugged  promontories  my  imagination  had  created. 
We  passfxl  by  this  Cape  a  little  after  the  middle  of  the  day, 
ami  liiKJini,'  the  wind  and  season  favourable,  wc  agreed  to 
proceed  for  Liverpool,  which  we  hoped  to  reach  by  the  next 
moining.  The  sea  was  so  smooth,  and  the  weather  so  agree- 
able, that  we  continncti  upon  deck,  viewing  with  the  highest 
satisfai-tion  the  various  objects  on  the  land,  which  rose  in  suc- 
cession to  divert  our  attention  from  the  fatigues  of  the  voyage, 
while  on  the  other  hand  we  had  nothing  to  employ  the  sight 
but  a  boundless  world  of  waters,  inhabited  by  millions  of  liv- 
ing creatures,  prodigiously  unlike  in  their  shapes  and  dimen- 
sions. We  now  descried  several  fishing  vessels  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  shore.  They  no  sooner  discovered  us  than  they 
bore  in  with  the  land,  and  doubtless  conceived  themselves  very 
fortunate  in  making  their  cscajie  before  we  were  able  to  over- 
take iluiu.  Wi-  perceived  by  this  incident  iliat  they  mistook 
us  for  one  of  those  petty  jiirates  which  hud  lately  infested 
these  coasts,  and  plundered,  without  distinction,  every  vessel  in 
their  pducr.  Before  evening  we  passed  by  several  fine  har- 
bours; tln'  land  all  along  the  coast  ajipeared  rery  level,  and 
nothing  like  mountains  arose  to  diversify  the  scene.  Some 
lessor  eminences,  indeed,  and  a  few  gentle  swellings  were 
discovered,  just  suiriclent  to  destr«>y  a  disgustful  imiformity. 
In  many  places  the  land  was  destitute  of  trees,  and  exhibited 
a  pleasing  surface  of  verdure,  which  softened  the  dusky  horrors 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  151 

of  the  woods.  The  latter  chiefly  consists  of  spruce,  firs,  and 
hemlock,  fit  retreats  for  melancholy  and  discontent.  The  trea- 
son was  now  so  mild,  and  the  motion  so  easy,  that  we  had  a 
cheerful  supper  together,  and  we  were  ha|)py  in  the  pleasing 
expectation  of  entiTing  Liverpool  the  next  morning. 

June  20th,  (Sundui/.)  I  arose  this  morning  before  the  sun, 
and  found  that  we  were  still  favoured  with  a  prosperous  gale. 
The  land  appeared  extremely  pleasant,  and  the  odor  of  plants 
impregnated  with  the  morning  dew  was  agreeable  and  refresh- 
ing beyond  measure.  The  sun  began  to  arise  from  the  bosom 
of  the  ocean,  and  in  a  few  minutes  tinged  the  eastern  summit 
of  the  swelling  waves  with  the  beams  of  his  glory.  All  nature 
put  on  a  pleasing  apix'aranee,  and  inspired  us  with  cheerful- 
ness and  grateful  joy  to  reflect  that  we  had  arrived  so  near  our 
desired  port.  But  as  nothing  can  be  luorc  micertain  and  de- 
lusive than  appearances  at  sea,  we  were  (juickly  mortified  with 
a  failure  of  wind.  A  perfect  calm  ensued,  and  we  lay  tum- 
bling and  rolling  at  about  tlirec  miles  distance  from  the  shores 
of  Malagash.  While  were  detained  in  this  manner  John  ^lolF- 
man  put  over  a  line  and  caught  two  fine  cod  fish,  one  upon 
each  hook,  and  continued  the  sport  with  the  same  success  till 
he  had  procured  a  dozen.  Upon  this,  the  two  brothers  comin^' 
upon  deck,  rej)roved  him  sharply  for  his  wickedness  in  pri)fan- 
ing  the  Sabbath,  and  when  they  could  not  restrain  him  they 
swore  a  multitude  of  oaths  I  Strange,  that  persons  who  in- 
dulged tlKMUselves  in  the  rudest  conversation,  and  who  scru- 
pled not  to  take  the  Sacred  Name  in  vain,  should  nevertheless 
have  such  a  reverence  for  a  day  consecrated  to  His  service,  as 
to  neglect  all  kinds  of  business,  however  advantageous  and 
necessary.  But  this  is  just  in  the  character  of  New  England 
saints,  who  worship  the  Sabbath,  while  at  the  same  time  they 
treat  the  Lord  of  the  Sabbath  with  the  most  indecent  famili- 
arity and  disrespect.  Thus  man,  the  most  inconsistent  aninial 
in  nature,  often  strains  at  a  gnat  and  swallows  a  camel  with- 
out any  manner  of  inconvenience. 

The  wind  about  eight  of  the  clock  begins  to  bree/e  from 
the  S.  W.,  and  through  our  impatience  we  imagine  the  vc-sid 
makes  a  most  rapid  progress,  while  she  went  scarcely  three 


IVJ  1  U«)NT  IKK     MISSION  A  KV   ;     <>K,  [1779. 

niilfs  all  hour,  niul  sn  <':Jt,'cr  \v«Tr  wo  to  ^o  on  shore  that  \vc 
began  to  iln*:«H  ut  thi*  dijitainr  of  above  forty  iniU's  from  Hali- 
fax. The  passage  over  Margari'l's  Hay  to  Cape  Saiiihro  ap- 
peared extn-iTU'ly  tecliou**,  iiiul  wo  w«'re  constantly  «iiiph)y«(l 
for  eight  hours  in  looking  out  for  the  light-house.  I  had  al>iiii- 
dance  of  leisure  to  make  observatiouH  on  the  country  during' 
this  interval,  and  the  land,  which  had  hitherto  put  on  a  most 
uniform  appearanee,  now  began  to  oxhibit  a  very  ililUreiit  face. 
It  seemi'd  to  rise  gradually  from  the  shore  to  some  distaiue 
from  the  sea,  and  then  to  shoot  into  lofty  hills  of  various  forms, 
covered,  areording  to  the  best  of  our  observation,  with  beech, 
birehes,  and  other  species  of  white  wood.  As  we  advanced 
forwartl  i»nr  impatience  increased  in  |)roportion  as  the  distance 
lesseiu'd,  and  the  captain  went  several  tiiues  to  the  foremast 
head  to  make  discoveries,  but  without  success.  In  the  after- 
noon we  discovered  a  sail  standing  away  to  the  southward, 
which  we  afterwards  understood  to  be  part  of  a  (le»*t  bound 
from  Halifax  to  Quebeck,  having  on  board  several  ollicers  ami 
a  number  of  troops  for  that  department.  The  wind  continu- 
ing to  blow  fresh  at  S.  W.,  we  at  length,  about  an  lH)ur  before 
sunsi't,  were  favoured  with  the  sight  of  Sambro  I.-land,  and 
the  light-house,  to  our  inexpressible  satisfaction.  A  gleam  of 
joy  brightened  all  our  faces,  and  we  manifested  every  external 
expression  of  gladness  at  the  reviving  prospect.  Before  dark 
this  desirable  object  was  full  in  view,  and  the  ledges  upon 
whith  it  was  erected  were  ])lainly  seen  from  the  deck.  an<l 
when  the  daylight  disappeared  the  light  in  the  lanthorn  wa^ 
visil)le  to  conduct  us  into  a  safe  and  commodious  harbour. 
However,  before  we  were  able  to  fetch  within  the  light-house, 
a  black  clotul  arose,  and  the  wiiul  shifted  into  the  N.  W., 
which  reduced  us  to  the  disagreeable  necessity  of  beating  into 
the  harbour.  Under  this  disadvantage  we  laboured  bard  till 
after  midnight,  and  then  came  to  anchor  a  little  within  .le- 
bucto  Head.  Here  wc  imagined  ourselves  entirely  secure  frt)m 
the  danger  of  American  rovers,  presuming  tln-y  would  not 
have  the  impudence  to  venture  so  near  the  INletropolis  of  an 
hostile  Prijvincc;  but  in  these  conjectures  we  w«'re  certainly 
mistaken,  for,  as  wc  were  afterwards  informed,  the  preceding 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     llEV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  153 

week,  a  rebel  privateer  sailed  a  considerahlr  way  info  tho  har- 
bour, almost  within  reach  of  the  cannon,  and  captivated  a  brig 
laden  with  provif^ions  and  .-^ui^^ar.  'J'hc  Howard  and  Buckram, 
a  couple  of  cruisers,  observing  this  daring  inano'uvr**,  pn>hed 
immediately  out  in  jnirsuit  of  these  adventurers,  but  being 
furnished  with  a  number  of  oars,  as  well  as  sails,  the  privateer 
escaped,  while  they  ran  the  \)r\/.r.  on  shore,  which  by  this  acci- 
dent bilged,  and  most  of  her  cargo  was  either  lost  or  damaged. 

I  am  persuaded  that  my  countrymen  exceed  all  mankind 
in  a  daring  and  enterprising  disposition.  Their  bold  and 
adventurous  spirit,  more  especially,  appears  with  distinguish- 
ing eclat  when  they  are  engaged  in  any  unjust  and  vicious 
undertaking,  and  their  courage  commonly  increases  in  pro- 
portion to  the  badness  and  villany  of  the  cause  tliey  en- 
deavour to  support.  Let  a  New  England  man  once  throw 
oil  the  restraints  of  education,  he  becomes  a  hero  in  wicked- 
ness, and  the  more  strict  and  religious  he  has  been  in  his 
former  behaviour,  the  greater  will  be  his  impiety  in  his  present 
situation.  It  has  often  bwu  reuiarked  by  foreigners,  who  have 
been  engaged  in  commerce  with  our  Puritans,  that  when  they 
first  come  abroad  no  people  alive  have  such  a  sacred  regard 
for  religious  worship,  or  the  day  appointed  for  that  purpose, 
and  none  have  such  a  prevailing  aversion  to  profane  swearing, 
and  yet  they  quickly  become  the  most  docile  scholars  in  the 
scljool  of  vice,  and  make  the  greatest  profuieney  in  every 
s|)ecies  of  profanity.  They  oji'idy  ridicule  their  former  at- 
tachment to  devotion,  and  are  very  ingenious  in  framing  new 
and  spirited  oaths,  and  when  they  have  any  extraordinary 
mischief  to  jierform  they  always  choose  to  perpetrate  it  on 
Sunday. 

June  2lsl.  No  sooner  did  the  morning  light  begin  to  soften 
the  horrors  of  darkness,  than  I  arose  and  took  possession  of  the 
deck  to  observe  the  weather  and  to  survey  the  adjacent  coun- 
try. I  found  that  we  were  overtaken  by  a  dead  calm,  and  the 
heavens  were  covered  with  rolling  volumes  of  black  and 
dismal  clouds  which  shed  a  dark  and  dejecting  gloom  over  all 
the  surrounding  scenes  of  nature.  But  if  I  was  inspired  with 
melancholy  sentiments  at  this  du.-ky  prospect,  I  was  perfectly 
20 


I'ii  ruoNTir.  it    M  I  ss  ION  A  u  V  ;    ou,  [1770. 

shocked  wlu'ii  1  liirnrti  my  oyos  iowards  the  land  whic-h 
stretfhcd  aloni^'  the  western  (piarter.  The  shore  which  now 
cnga<^es  Miy  altenlion  is  the  laiiioiis  Jehueto  Head,  a  most 
enormous  eoni^ress  of  roeky  ledges  runnirii^  with  a  lofty  and 
imprei^nahle  front  into  the  sea,  while  the  snrface  is  inexpressi- 
bly rni^^ed  and  broken,  covered  with  shrubby  spruce,  fir  and 
hendock,  which  by  tlnir  starvini^  and  misshapen  appearance 
sudieienlly  indicate  the  severity  of  the  climate  and  th(!  barren- 
ness of  the  soil.  But  notwithstanding  the  unpleasing  aspect 
of  this  strange  region,  1  couM  jiot  forbear  the  returns  of  grati- 
tude to  Providence  for  safely  conducting  me  and  my  family  to 
this  retreat  of  freedom  and  security  from  the  rage  of  tyranny 
and  tlu'  cruelty  of  opin-e.-sion.  The  wind  beginning  to  blow 
softly  as  the  light  increasinl,  we  weighed  anchor,  displayed 
the  canvas  and  got  inuler  way.  The  sun  being  risen  wc 
perceived  that  the  land  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  harbour 
was  in  comparison  extremely  agreeal)le  ;  the  beach  was  cov- 
ered with  small  pebbles,  the  banks,  which  were  moderately 
high,  resembled  the  colour  of  deep  burnt  bricks,  and  the  trees 
of  various  species,  tall  and  well  shaped.  And  what  added  to 
the  beauty  and  cheerfulness  of  the  prosjx-ct,  the  forest  was  in 
many  cases  discontinued  and  finely  interspersed  with  patches 
of  cleared  ground,  adorned  wiili  a  lively  verdure. 

But  we  were  again  sadly  disa|)|)ointed  in  our  expectations, 
for  we  fondly  imagined  that  upon  our  entrance  into  the  har- 
bour we  should  have  tin;  whole  metropolis  iti  open  view,  and 
a  muuber  of  lofty  buildings  rising  in  conspicuous  glory,  with 
a  resj)ectabl(?  part  of  the  Royal  Xavy  lying  at  anchor  before 
the  town.  Instead  of  which  Mattering  instances  of  power, 
grandeur  and  magnilicence,  we  could  observe  no  edifices  ex- 
cept the  citadel  and  two  or  three  scattered  habitations;  and  as  to 
ship|>ing  we  saw  only  two  sail  of  armed  vessels  and  three  or 
four  sail  at  Major's  Beach,  for  we  were  ignorant  that  both  the 
town  and  the  j)roper  harbour  were  concealed  by  the  inter- 
position of  St.  (Jeorge's  Island  and  certain  aspiring  eminences 
to  the  northward.  As  we  sailed  slowly  n|)  the  harbour,  the 
next  object  which  invited  our  attention,  was  a  large  fleet  of 
Indian  canoes,  coasting  along  the  Jcbucto  shore  and  idled  with 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  1.55 

multitudes  of  the  native  Micmac?,  and  at  the  same  time  we 
espied  several  of  these  copper-faced  sons  of  liberty  either 
landing  on  the  margin  of  a  litthr  bay,  or  climbing  up  the  stu- 
pendous precipices.  We  took  notice  upon  this  occasion,  that 
artificial  ways  were  formed  up  these  steepy  cliirs  for  the 
conveniency  of  ascending  or  conveying  down  timber,  which  is 
frequently  cut  on  the  summit  of  these  ridges  for  tlie  public 
works  at  Halifax.  As  we  advanced  still  further  from  the 
ocean,  the  town  began  gradually  to  open,  and  we  had  in  |)r().-^peet 
several  strong  fortifications,  as  the  Eastern  Battery,  (Jeorge's 
Fort,  and  strong  ramparts  upon  the  neiglibouring  heights,  with 
all  their  terrible  apparatus  of  cannon  and  mortars.  When  we 
arrived  near  the  above-mentioned  Island  of  St.  George's,  we 
had  a  most  advantageous,  striking  view  of  this  northern  capital, 
stretching  a  mile  and  an  half  upon  the  eastern  ascent  of  an 
extensive  hill,  while  a  large  collection  of  shipping  lay  either 
contiguous  to  the  wharves,  or  else  were  riding,  with  the  Brit- 
tanic  colours  flying,  in  the  channel,  a  sight  which  instantly 
inspired  us  with  the  most  pleasing  sensations.  We  expected 
to  be  hailed  as  we  passed  St.  George's  Fort,  but  the  people, 
conceiving  our  vessel  to  be  some  coaster  from  Malagash,  we 
were  suffered  to  proceed  witiiout  any  inipiiry. 

We  were  now  all  upon  deck,  contemplating  with  infinite 
wonder  and  satisfaction  the  various  objects  about  us,  but  we 
must  however  except  John  Hotfman  from  this  agreeable  em- 
ploy, who  was  so  affected  with  alternate  joy  and  concern  at 
the  sight  of  his  native  place,  that  he  retired  into  the  cabin, 
there  to  indulge  in  solitude  these  conflicting  passions.  I 
perceived,  that  though  he  was  highly  rejoiced  to  behold  the 
country  where  he  was  born  and  educated,  yet  he  was  seized 
with  a  prevailing  anxiety  of  heart,  lest  he  should  find  his 
tender  mother,  who  had  long  mourned  his  absence,  departed 
to  the  shades  of  death 

These  uneasy  apprehensions  rendered  him  unfit  for  com|)any, 
and  threw  him  at  length  into  visible  confusion  and  distress. 
We  were  now  indulging  in  a  thousand  pleasing  reflections 
as  we  approached  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  this  situa- 
tion reminded  us  that  it  was  proper  to  explore  some  convenient 


l.')()  KU()NTii:ii    missionary;    ou,  [1779. 

pluci*  to  secure  ;i  laiulini;,  Init  previous  to  this  agreeable  event 
it  was  eoneliuled  to  invest iL,':ite  tin*  Coniinodore's  slii|),  unti 
to  Holieit  the  naval  enrnirianchr  for  lilx-rty  to  go  on  sliore.  A 
boat  |):i-sin<j  by  this  instant  haih-d  tis  and  deinat)ded,  as  they 
were  £joinif  swiftly  uruh-r  sail,  fruMi  \vhenc<!  we  eaiiie  ?  We 
replied,  fr<»tM  K<iinelie(  !i.  This  answer  occai<ioned  a  visible 
surprise  in  the  eoriipany,  who  eontinued  repeating:  '  K'enn«'- 
beek  I  Kennebeek!'  St'eing  a  iiiirnber  of  men  on  board  a 
sloop,  we  desired  them  to  point  out  the  Commodore,  and 
reeeivrd  itnmediate  information  that  there  was  no  »uch  oilieer 
in  the  harbour.  This  intelligence  determined  us  directly  to 
make  towards  a  wharf,  which  happened  to  be  near  the  Pontac." 
We  were  now  plainly  sensible  that  our  uncouth  habits  and 
uiK-ommon  appe  irartce  had,  by  this  time,  attracted  the  notice 
of  midtitudes,  who  (locked  towards  the  water  to  indulge  their 
cnri(>>ity.  These  intjnisitivc  strangers  threw  us  into  some 
confusion,  and  tt)  prevent  a  mtdtitnde  of  impertinent  interroga- 
tions, which  might  naturally  be  expected  by  persons  in  our 
cireum.«tances,  I  made  the  following  public  declaration,  stand- 
ing on  the  (piarter  (h^k:  "(lentlemen,  we  area  company  of 
fugitives  froni  Kennebeek,  in  New  England,  driven  by  famine 
and  persecution  to  take  refug(,*  among  you,  and  therefore  I 
must  entreat  your  (candour  and  compassion  to  excuse  the 
meanness  and  singularity  of  our  dress." 

I  that  moment  discovered  among  the  gathering  crowd  Mr. 
Kitson,  one  of  our  Keiuie!»rek  neighbours,  running  down  the 
street  to  our  assistance.  He  came  instantly  on  board,  and 
after  mutual  salutations,  helped  us  on  shore.  Thus,  just  a 
forttiight  after  we  lift  our  own  belovi-d  habitation,  we  found 
our>elves  landed  in  a  strange  country,  di'stitutc*  of  money, 
clothing,  dwelling  or  furniture,  anil  wholly  uncertain  what  coun- 
tenance or  protection  we  might  obtain  from  thi;  governing  pow- 
ers. Mr.  Kitson  kindly  otVered  to  conduct  us  either  to  Mr. 
Brown's  or  ('apt.  Callahan's;  and  just  as  \vv  had  (piitted  our  ves- 
sel, Mr.  Moody,  formerly  clerk  to  the  King's  Chapel,  appeared  to 
welcome  <Mir  arrival.      Ibit  as  it  may  alVord  some  diversion  to 

•Sic  in  NfS. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     UEV.     J  A  COD     BAILEY.  1 


)  i 


the  courteous  reader,  I  will  suspend  my  Jiiirrntiou  a  fiw  mo- 
ments to  describe  the  singularity  of  our  apparel,  and  the  order 
of  our  procession  through  the  streets,  which  were  surprisingly 
contrasted  by  the  elegant  dresses  of  the  gentlemen  and  ladies 
we  happened  to  meet  in  our  lengthy  ambulation.  And  here  I 
am  confoundedly  at  a  loss  where  to  begin,  whetlier  with  Capt. 
Smith  or  myself,  but  as  he  was  a  faithful  pilot  to  this  haven  of 
repose,  I  conclude  it  is  no  more  than  gratitude  and  complai- 
sance to  give  him  the  preference.  He  was  clothed  in  a  long 
swingling  thread-bare  coat,  and  the  rest  of  his  habit  dis|)lii}i'd 
the  venerable  signatures  of  anti(|uity,  both  in  the  form  and 
materials.  His  hat  carried  a  long  peak  before,  exactly  per|)en- 
dicular  to  the  longitude  of  his  aquiline  nose.  On  the  right 
hand  of  this  sleek  commander  shuflled  along  your  very  humble 
servant,  iiaving  his  feet  adorned  with  a  pair  of  shoes,  which 
sustained  the  marks  of  rebellion  ;uul  independence.  My  legs 
were  covered  with  a  thick  pair  of  blue  woolen  stockings,  which 
had  been  so  often  mended  and  darned  by  the  fingers  of  frugal- 
ity, that  scarce  an  atom  of  th(;  original  remained.  My  breech- 
es, which  just  concealed  the  shame  of  my  nakedness,  had  for- 
merly been  black,  but  the  color  being  worn  out  by  age,  nothing 
remained  but  a  rusty  grey,  bespattered  with  lint  and  bedaubed 
with  pitch.  Over  a  coarse  tow  and  linen  shirt,  nianufaetiiri d 
in  the  looms  of  sedition,  I  sustained  a  coat  and  waistc-oat  of 
the  same  dandy  grey  russet;  and,  to  secrete  from  public  in- 
spection the  innumeral)le  rents,  holes,  and  defl)nuitie^,  which 
time  and  misfortunes  had  wrought  in  these  ragged  and 
weather-beaten  garments,  I  was  furnished  with  a  blue  surtout, 
fretted  at  the  elbows,  worn  at  the  button-lioles,  and  stained 
with  a  variety  of  tints,  so  that  it  might  truly  be  styled  a  coat 
of  many  colours,  and  to  render  this  external  departnu'ut  of  my 
habit  still,  more  conspicuous  and  worthy  of  observation,  the 
waist  descended  below  my  knees,  and  the  skirts  hung  dangling 
about  my  heels;  and  to  complete  the  whole  a  jaundice-coloured 
wig,  devt)id  of  curls,  was  shaded  by  the  remnants  of  a  rusty 
beaver,  its  monstrous  brim  replete  with  notches  and  furrows, 
and  grown  limpsy  by  the  alternate  inMictions  of  storm  and 
sunshine,   lopped    over    my    shoulders,   and    obscured    a    face 


ir)8  JUONTIKU      MISSIONAKV;      OR,  [1779. 

lurn^'ri'  witli  famiiu'  aiul  wriukli-d  witli  sulKiiudr.      My  ron- 
sort   uiul   iu'h'O  caiiif  hig^inj^  hcliiiKl   ai    a  litlU'  clistamc,  llic 
fornHT  array<-(l   in  a  mggi-tl  baize  niglit-g«)wii,  lird  'round  Iht 
midtllr  wiili  a  nsooUmi  string  iiistrad  of  a  ^^asll;  ihc  latter  carriid 
upon   lur  back  the  tatten-d  ri'inuiiis  of  an   bt-rnlock-colonri'd 
liiist'V-vvoolscy,  and  l^otli  thiir  heads  were  adorned   with   bon- 
nets (umpo.sid  of  blaek  moth-eaten  stuff,  alnio>t  devoured  with 
the  tetihof  lime.     1  forgot  to  mention  th<'  admirable   figure  of 
tluir  petticoats,  jagged  at  the  bottom,  di.stingui.shed  by  a  mulii- 
tudi-  of  li.H.Hures,  and  curiously  drabbled  in  the  mud,  f«>r  an  heavy 
lain  was  now  beginning  to  set  in.     And  to  elost-  this  solemn  pro- 
( casion,  Dr.  Mayer  and  our  faithtui  .lohn  uianhed  along  in  all  the 
pridi'of  poverty  and  majesty  of  rags  and  patehes,  wbieh  e\hil)it- 
nl  the  various  dyes  of  the  rainbow.    'I'he  Doctor  proeei-ded  with 
a  yellow  bushy  beard,  grinning  all  the  way,  while  his  broad 
Duteh  face  opened  at  his  mouth  from  ear  to  ear.     The  other 
rontimud  his  progression  with  a  doleful  solemnity  of  counte- 
nance, as  if  he  designed  to  give  a  kind  of  dignity  to  the  wretch- 
ed fragments  of  his  apparel  which  (loated  in  the  wind.     In  this 
manner  our  procession  began,  and  was  supported  till  wo  arrived 
at  C'api.  Callahan's,  near  half  a  mile  from  the  |)!ace  of  our  land- 
ing.    'I'liis  worthy  genlleman,  who  was  formerly  my  friend  and 
neighbour,  was  at  lliis  time  absent  on  the  expedition  to  Penob- 
neot.     Having  obtained  entranc^e,  we  saw  no  person  in  the  room 
but  I'olly  Clensy,  ayounggirl  whom  this  family  had  transported 
from  Kennebeek.     After  her  surprise  at  our  unexpected  appear- 
ance  was  a   little  abated,   she   ran    up   stairs  to   inform    .Mrs. 
Callahan  of  our  arrival,  but  in  her  pretipitat  ion  forgot  to  miii- 
tion  luT  (iod-son,  Charley,  which  made  her  immediately  con- 
clude that  we  had  by  some  fatal  accident  lost  him.    This  fdled 
the  good  woman  with  alarming   emotions,  and  she  hastened 
down  with  evident  expressions  of  anxiety  and  tremor  in   her 
face,  for  it  was  some  moments  before  she  observed  the  little 
<  hariner  prattling  about  the   room.     Indeinl,   we   were    all    so 
deeply  aflected  with  tlii.s  happy   meeting  that  we  could  hardly 
hpeaU   to  each  other,  anil   a  scene  of  silint  confusion  ensued 
till  our   various  aj^itations  began  to  stii)side.     Mrs.    Callahan 
quickly  informed  us  that  she  had  a  ilream  the  preceding  night, 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  ]  oO 

which  occasioned  lior  no  small  iiiicasiness?.  8he  ima*Tlii(.(l  i,i 
her  sleep,  that  as  she  was  dressing  before  lir'^nkfa-^t,  l\)llv  came 
rnniiiiifj  up  to  her  eliamber  in  the  ntmost  hurry,  and  as.-ured 
her  that  Mr.  Bailey  anrl  family  were  all  safrjy  arrived  from 
New  Enc:Iar)d  except  little  Cijarley,  who  was  missinir,  upon 
which  information  she  descended  with  an  heavy  heart,  and 
found  all  as  Polly  h;id  represented — all  tlie  family  present 
except  the  lovely  child.  8h(^  further  fancied  in  her  dream, 
that  in  the  midst  of  our  mutual  inc|uirie.s  and  congratulation!*, 
Master  Harry  Brown  came  in,  and  after  paying  his  compli- 
ments informed  us  that  his  papa  was  coming  immediately  to 
give  us  joy. 

No  sooner  hail  Mrs.  Callahan  finished  hi  r  dream  than  Mas- 
ter Harry  came  smiling  and  l>lnsliing  into  the  room,  and  after 
l)idding  ns  welcome  to  Halifax,  accjuainted  me  that  his  |)apa 
was  approaching  to  pay  me  his  compliments.  The  women, 
upon  this  occasion,  declared  with  united  voices,  that  the  lireaui 
was  fidlilled  in  a  very  remarkable!  manner.  By  this  time  n)y  old, 
generous  friend,  Mr.  Brown,  was  arrived,  in  company  with  Cap- 
tain Martin  Gay,  a  refugee  from  Boston.  These  two  worthy 
gentlemen,  by  their  obliging  coiiduet  and  sensible  conversation, 
greatly  relieved  our  spirits,  [n  a  fi\v  minutes  after,  we  were 
favoured  with  a  visit  from  ilie  poliie  and  generous  Doctor 
Breynton,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Cliunh  in  Halifax.  He  ad- 
dressed us  with  that  ease,  freedom,  and  gi'utleness  peculiar  to 
himself.  His  countenancf!  exhibited  a  most  finish«'d  picture 
of  compassionate  good  nature,  and  the  ellu;-ions  of  tenderness 
and  humanity  glistened  in  his  v«'nerable  eyes  when  he  had 
learned  part  of  our  hi-tory.  He  kindly  assured  us  that  he 
most  heartily  congratulated  us  upon  our  fortunate  deliverance 
from  tyranny,  o])pression,  and  poverty,  and  he  declared  that 
we  might  depend  on  his  attention  aiul  assistance  to  miiKi'  >is 
comfortable  and  happy.  The  turn  of  his  Cultures,  and  the 
manner  of  his  expression,  aHonled  a  convincing  evidence  of 
his  sincerity,  and  the  cvtMit  afterwards  gave  mi*  iindeniabli^ 
demonstration  that  I  was  not  mistaken  in  iriy  favourable  con- 
jectures. Beft)ri^  we  parted  he  informed  me  that  it  was  ex- 
pected I  should  wait  uj>ou  the  (Jovernor  at  eh'vi-n  to  a<'<pi;iint 


IGO  rKoNTiiiii    missionauy;    or,        [1779. 

hitn  with  my  arrival,  and  to  solicit  his  countenance  and  |)ro- 
tection. 

Hn-alifast  bcinfr  prepared  and  the  table  adorned  with  pro|)or 
furniture  for  tea  and  a  K)af  of  Hour  bn*ad,  our  younj»  shaver, 
who  had  never  seen  nnythini^  of  the  like  nature  and  c«)nstriic- 
tion  before,  was  so  moved  with  it.><  appearance,  that  he  ran 
smiling  to  the  table,  and,  assuming  every  childish  expression 
of  admiration  and  joy,  exclaimed  in  the  fulness  of  his  heart: 
"Pray,  mamma,  \vli:it  is  that  on  Mrs.  Callahan's  tal)lc?"  He 
was  told  that  it  was  bread,  "What  bread,  mamma;  is  it 
baked  bread.'"  for  the  poor  little  fellow  had  never  seen  or 
tasted  any  bread  made  of  Ihuir.  This  itx  ident  greatly  ailected 
the  whole  company,  and  the  good  Doctor  in  particular,  could 
scarcely  refrain  from  tearful  emotions.  He  now  begged  to  be 
excused  for  the  present,  and  repaired  directly  to  Mr.  Justice 
AVenman's,  keeper  of  the  Orphan  House,  to  prt)cure  us,  with 
the  assistance  of  this  gentleman,  a  comfortable  habitation. 
This  honest  magistrate  was  so  touched  with  our  depK)rable 
circumstances  and  situation,  especially  with  the  anecdote  of 
the  child,  that  he  took  a  guinea  out  of  his  pocket,  and,  adilress- 
ing  himself  to  the  Doctor,  "Here,"  says  he,  "is  something  to 
buy  the  young  chatterbox  a  little  bread  for  the  present." 

We  had  at  breakfast  an  old  lady  and  a  very  pretty,  genteel 
young  Miss,  about  twelve,  natural  daughter  to  the  famous 
Captain  Mowatt.  Dr.  Brt^ynton  (luiekly  n-turned  with  the 
most  soothing  expressions  of  kindness  and  friendship.  He 
politely  entreated  Mrs.  Bailey  to  expel  from  her  mind  all 
uneasy  and  distressing  apprehensions,  and  repeatedly  assured 
us  both,  that  many  persons  among  them  would  cheerfully 
exert  themselves  to  the  utmost  of  their  power  to  make  our 
situation  easy  and  desirable,  and  cautit)ned  us  against  intlulging 
gloomy  and  anxious  ideas  any  longer.  He  then  presented  the 
little  Tory,  as  he  called  him,  with  the  guinea  from  Mr.  Wenmaii, 
and  looking  upon  his  watch,  declared  it  was  time  to  wait  upon 
the  (Jovernnr.  At  hi-;  direction,  and  in  lii>  company,  I  walkeil 
out  in  my  ridiculous  habit,  attended  by  that  tpiccrest  of  mt)rtals. 
Dr.  Mayer,  who,  to  render  his  poverty  still  more  conspicuous, 
had  put  on,  over  his  rags  and  dirty  linen,  a  thread-bare  scarlet 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAILEV.  1(51 

coat,  brought  out  of  Germany  near  thirty  years  ago.  In  our 
progress,  our  kind  condnctor  introduced  nie  to  several  gentle- 
men who  happened  to  l)e  in  our  way,  among  whieh  number 
it  would  be  ungrateful  not  to  mention  Col.  Butler,  the  agent 
victualler,  and  one  of  His  Majesty's  Council  for  this  Province, 
who  observing  the  meanness  of  my  dress,  took  the  Doctor 
aside  and  ordered  me  a  suit  of  superfine  broadcloth.  The 
next  person  of  conseciuence  who  engaged  our  attention  was 
Mr.  [-"Vanklin,  formerly  Lieut.  Governor  of  Nova  Scotia;  he 
had  several  Indians  in  his  train,  arrayed  in  all  their  tinsel  finery ; 
among  the  rest  a  Sachem  belonging  to  the  tribe  of  St.  Johns. 
This  fellow,  by  the  oddity  of  his  appearance  and  the  singularity 
of  his  visage,  immediately  struck  my  imagination,  and  I  was 
unable  to  look  upon  him  without  a  mixture  of  hilarily  and 
wonder.  He  was  arrayed  in  a  long  blue  coat,  adorned  \v\\h  a 
scarlet  cape,  and  hound  close  about  his  loins  with  a  girdle. 
He  wore  upon  his  head  a  narrow-brimmed  (lopped  hat,  and 
his  face  was  an  entire  composition  of  wrinkles.  I  was  admit- 
ted to  the  honor  of  shaking  hands  with  this  American  Monarch, 
who,  eyeing  me  from  head  to  foot,  and  perceiving  that  1  had 
more  rags  than  fmery  about  me,  I  plainly  discerned  that  his 
ct)mplaisance  was  mingled  with  a  degrei'  of  contempt,  for, 
instead  of  j)QUing  oil'  his  hat,  he  only  touched  it  with  his 
lingers  and  nodded  his  head;  though  I  remarked  a  few  days 
afti-r,  when  I  was  dressed  in  a  new  suit  of  clothes,  he  ap- 
proached me  with  higher  marks  of  veneration,  and  did  not 
fail  to  take  his  hat  wholly  from  his  head.  Thus  people  of  all 
nations,  both  barbarous  and  polished,  reverence  and  res|)ect 
their  fellow  creatures,  not  for  fpialitii's,  which  belong  to  human 
nature,  but  on  account  of  those  ornaments  for  which  they  are 
indebted  to  other  parts  of  the  creation.  In  onr  way  to  the 
sujireme  ruler  of  the  Province,  the  Doctor  conducted  me  into 
his  lodgings  at  Mr.  Fletcher's,  where  he  presented  me  witli  a 
beaver,  almost  new,  and  then,  crossing  the  street,  introduced 
me  to  the  (Jovernor.  We  entered  thrcuigh  a  gate  into  a  large 
back  yard,  where  we  found  two  or  three  servants  attending. 
Accpiainting  them  with  our  business,  they  conducted  us  into 
an  elegant  apartment,  and  after  waiting  a  few  minutes  his 
21 


lli'J  rUONTir.U     MISSIONAUV;     ()!{,  [HTl'. 

Honor  apprarrd,  and  kindly  wfh  oiiK'd  rnc  to  his  ^'ovrrrnnent, 
and  tlun,  dt'sirini,'  us  to  Ix'  st'at«'d,  Iwi^'ar)  to  ask  nw  a  variety 
of  (pu'stions  conccrnini^  New  Kr>j^land,  and  about  the  eastern 
eountrv  and  my  t)\vn  private  alVairs.  I  e'ndeavored  tt)  satisfy 
his  euriosity  in  the  ht'sl  manner  I  was  able.  I  assured  him 
that  the  inhal/itants  of  Ni'W  Knf!;)and  were  in  a  deplorabl' 
situation,  torn  to  picees  by  disct)ntent  and  faetions  anion^ 
themselves,  heartily  tired  of  the  war,  siek  of  their  Freneh 
nllianep,  redueed  to  poverty,  and  sonly  (listressed  for  want  of 
provis^ions.  As  to  the  eastern  country  from  which  I  was  happy 
enouijh  to  esea|>e,  I  informed  him  that  the  ]>coplc  wen»  ahno-^* 
universally  dissatisfied  with  tin-  dominion  of  the  Conjures - 
tliat  they  were  laborlni]^  luidcr  the  horrors  of  nakedness  and 
famine,  and  at  the  same  time  ernclly  harrassed  and  persecuted 
bv  a  number  of  ine\oral)le  tyrants,  who  had  ^ot  all  the  power 
inli>  their  hands;  and  lastly,  1  Ljave  him  a  short  history  of  iii 
own  adventures  amoni,'  the  relxds,  and  of  the  injurious  treat- 
ment I  received  at  their  hands.  During  our  conversation,  Mr. 
Buckley,  the  Secretary,  came  in  and  jravc  me  his  iTiost  hearty 
congratulations.  After  the  Secretary  had  retired  we  contimied 
our  conversation  about  the  American  rebellio)i,  Avhen  I  signitied 
to  the  Governor  that  I  was  perfectly  acquainted  with  the 
capital  leaders  in  the  present  revolt,  and  from  a  thorouph 
knowledge  of  their  tenijx'rs,  principles  ami  cir«-umstances,  I 
was  far  from  wonilering  at  their  proceedings,  since  I  always 
considered  them  as  proper  implements  of  faction,  sedition  and 
turbtdence;  ambition,  avarice  and  revenge,  being  their  pre- 
dominant and  governing  passions.  1  fixmtl  the  Ciovernor  very 
sociable  and  strictly  in(|nisitive.  At  parting  he  assured  n 
that  he  would  employ  his  interest  to  procure  me  relief  and  ti> 
make  nty  abode  in  the  I'rovini-e  agreeable,  atxl  in  the  conehi- 
sion  advised  me  to  prej)are  a  memorial  of  iny  adventures  arul 
sulf-rings,  with  a  view  to  its  sjicedy  publication.  This  he 
sngg«'stcd  as  the  most  eli"_'il»le  method  *tf  obtaining  some 
present  emolumenf. 

Having  taken  my  leave  of  the  Governor,  Dr.  nreynton 
prcscnt«'d  me  with  a  couple  of  Jo's,  and,  who  could  believe  it, 
my  simple  heart  danced  within  me  at  the  appearance  of  gold, 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  103 

wicked  gold  I  that  lias  been,  and  still  continues  to  he,  the 
parent  of  ten  thousand  evils.  Thou  pernicious  metall  Who 
shall  presume  to  declare  in  thy  favour,  after  all  the  niischiff 
thou  hast  occasioned  in  the  world?  Thou  hast  often,  by  thy 
all-couiiuanding  power,  compelled  mankind  to  despise  the 
demands  of  justice,  to  spread  the  /iames  of  devastation,  to 
wield  the  sword  of  destruction,  to  dissolve  the  tenderest  ties 
of  nature,  and  to  comniit  the  most  shocking  enormities  with 
impunity.  I  have  seen  multitudes  so  bewitched  by  thy 
glittering  charms  as  to  renounce  the  most  sacred  obligations 
and  the  softest  feelings.  Ins|)ired  by  thee,  they  have  closed 
up  the  bowels  of  compassion,  have  turned  away  their  eyes 
from  the  sight  of  distress,  and  have  been  deaf  when  the  voice 
of  misery  pierced  the  very  heavens.  For  thee,  men  have 
renounced  the  principles  of  truth  and  veracity,  have  proved 
false  to  their  engagements,  have  appealed  to  the  Almighty  for 
the  confirmation  of  a  lie,  have  betrayed  tiieir  country,  have 
conspired  against  their  King,  denied  their  Saviour,  and  blas- 
phemed their  God,  and  yet,  notwithstanding  all  these  and  a 
million  other  flagrant  crimes  tliou  art  daily  teaching  men  to 
commit,  yet  still  thou  art  respected,  courted,  followed,  and 
adored  with  the  |)rofoundest  veneration. 

Parting  from  this  benevolent  gentleman  wiiile  my  heart  was 
bursting  with  gratitude,  I  took  this  opportunity  of  visiting 
Mrs.  J3rowu  and  her  lovely  daughter,  neither  of  whom  I  had 
seen  since  my  arrival.  Our  meeting  was  an'ectionate  and  our 
declarations  of  friendship  and  tenderness  perfectly  sincere. 
As  soon  as  the  rapturous  ellusions  of  benignity  and  the  irreg- 
ular expressions  of  mutual  ardor  began  to  subside,  Mrs.  Brown 
jiresented  me  with  a  bottle  of  Keppen's  snull',  a  comfortable 
repast  for  my  nose,  and  then  ordcretl  me  a  pair  of  Engli.-h 
shoes,  and  a  couple  of  black  worsted  stockings.  The  sight 
and  possession  of  the  IJriiish  manufactures  gave  pleasure  to 
my  inward  man,  and  compelled  me  \o  smile  at  both  corners  of 
my  mouth,  while  the  considerate  and  bountiful  indulgence  of 
my  former  friends  began  to  smooth  the  furrows  of  my  face, 
and  I  returned  back  to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  I  verily  believe,  with 
the   loss   of  several   wrinkles.      Soon    after   my   return,    Mr. 


1(U  IKi)  NTI  i:  II     MISSIONARY;     OK,  [1779. 

Bt'iiiU't,  aiiDtlicr  cl'Ti^'yiiiaii  tiiid  .Missioimry  from  the  SiK-icty 
came  to  visit  us,  miti  made  a  jiolite  teiulcr  of  his  service.  His 
clesi«;n  was,  if  I  had  no  family,  to  ofler  me  a  part  of  his 
lodiriii2;s  ill  thr  Asscmhly  House.  We  had  what  I  esteemed 
an  (levant  dinner,  for  it  was  so  lon«^  since  I  beheld  a  well 
furnished  tal)Ie,  that  what  others  esteemed  only  tolerable, 
appeared  to  me  s|)lendid  and  sumptuous  beyond  compare.  I 
found  myself  »'\treiu«'ly  contented  rmd  ha|)py  in  the  society, 
the  pleasing  stuiles  and  oblijL^ing  conversation  of  my  friends, 
without  the  dread  of  any  fatal  interruption  from  the  unwelcome 
intrusion  of  !<ome  surly  committee  uian,  or  luifeeling  ollicer 
of  the  Congress,  with  malice  in  his  heart,  vengeance  in  his 
face,  and  destruction  in  his  hands.  But  I  shall  take  occasion 
in  my  next  day's  journal  to  draw  a  more  critical  contrast 
between  my  j)resent  and  former  situation.  But  I  cannoi 
forbear  reciting  an  incident  in  my  own  findings  and  conduct 
which  plainly  evinced  that  I  had  not  yet  banished  New 
England  from  my  remembrance.  This  afternoon,  as  I  was 
sitting  at  Mr.  Brown's,  a  number  of  people  being  persent,  some 
person  knocked  at  the  door,  u|)on  which  I  started  by  an  invol- 
untary impulse,  and,  suddenly  springing  out  of  my  seat, 
hastened  to  the  other  side  of  the  room.  This  was  attended 
with  visible  terror  in  my  countenance,  which  excited  th.i 
laughter  of  th("  company,  for  they  had  sagacity  eimugh  t(» 
discern  the  cause  of  my  agitation  and  alFright.  Mrs.  Brown 
exclaimed,  'Pray,  sir,  compose  yourself,  and  recollect  that 
here  is  no  coirunittee  man  ajiproaching  to  disturb  your  tnn- 
(juillity.'  After  dinner,  Mr.  (Jeorge  T^ight  and  his  brother  cann 
to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  highly  elevaied  \\itli  ilie  novelty  of  the 
scenes  and  with  the  freedom  and  j^h'nty  which  appeared  in 
this  town.  They  informed  us  that  yoiuig  Hotliiian  had  the 
pleasure  of  iiiiding  his  mother  alive,  who  received  her  son  ^^iIh 
the  warmest  tra'isjjort  of  joy.  She  had  near  a  twelvemonth 
before  received  intelligence  of  his  death,  and  that  he  Avas 
kilh'd  fighting  with  the  rebels  at  tiie  famous  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  Upon  which  distressing  intelligence  she  arrayed  herself 
in  the  habit  of  mourning,  and  sadly  bewailed  the  untimely 
fate  of  her  beloved  child,  and  a  circumstance  which  added  to 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     IJAILEY.  \ 


)•) 


her  extreme  aflliction  remains  to  be  recited.  This  John  was 
the  last  survivor  out  of  ten  children,  who  liad  been  born  by  a 
former  husband.  Such  unexpected  revolution  of  Providence 
in  her  favour  must  have  filled  her  with  the  tenderest  effusions 
of  rapture  and  exultation.  In  the  afternoon,  towards  evcninj^, 
I  revisited  Mr.  Brown,  but  he  being  absent,  I  tarried  and  drank 
tea  with  his  agreeable  family.  I  perceived  in  the  course  of 
conversation  at  this  hospitable  mansion,  that  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Gardiner,  notwithstanding  his  impudent  and  fopj)ish  behaviour 
at  Halifax,  had  not  been  guilty  of  so  much  fraud  and  breach 
of  trust  as  we  imagined.  My  friends,  in  particular,  w^ere  cau- 
tious of  trusting  him  with  any  great  matters,  especially  as  he 
was  in  danger  of  being  plundered  by  the  American  pirates,  how- 
ever honest  and  faithful  he  might  be  iii  the  main.  Mrs.  Brown 
however  sent  us  a  pound  of  the  best  Hyson  tea  and  some 
trillcs,  which  were  never  delivered,  except  one  pound  of  Bohea. 
I  was  now  assured  that  the  paper  which  Captain  Callahan 
had  brought  to  Halifax,  giving  the  history  of  my  famous  trials 
before  the  committee,  and  the  letters  I  had  intrusted  to  the 
care  of  Gardiner  had  pre|)ared  me  a  way  for  a  generous  recep- 
tion. Several  circumstances,  it  must  be  confessed,  were  a 
little  unfavourable  in  the  present  prospect.  Governor  Arbuth- 
not,  who  greatly  interested  himself  in  my  favour,  was  removed 
from  the  Province,  and  destined  to  command  the  Royal  navy 
in  America,  and  General  Massy,  who  had  imbibed  the  same 
favourable  sentiments,  was  recalled,  and  General  McLean 
api^ointed  to  succeed  him.  Never  were  two  gentlemen  of 
more  dillerent  dis|)ositions.  'J'lie  foriiu-r  was  socialile,  humane, 
generous  and  friendly,  and  exerted  himself  Ix'vond  measure  to 
oblige  and  assist  the  refugees.  ]Jut  the  other  was  opinionated 
and  headstrong,  insensible  to  every  softer  feeling,  and  under 
the  pretence  that  Government  w^as  imposed  upon,  had  ordered 
the  rations  to  be  taken  away  froiu  two  or  three  hmidred 
persons,  continuing  them  to  oidy  about  twenty  refugees. 

A  gentleman  who  waited  upon  Mr.  Arbuthnot  when  he  had 
the  perusal  of  my  papers,  stated  that  he  ((mid  scarcely  refrain 
from  shetlding  tears,  and  he  afterwards  declared  that  he  had  it 
in  view  to  procure  my  enlargement  from  bondage  and  persecu- 


1G()  riio NT  11:11    missionary;    ou,  [1779. 

tion,  and  just  Ijclnrc  his  ik-purlurc  Iruiii  Britain  lu-  expressed 
his  concern  that  I  was  not  yet  arrived  from  New  I'ini,'hind. 
*  If,'  said  he,  '  the  erui'l  tr«'atniont  and  uevere  persecution  of 
the  rebels  shouUl  alleet  his  life,  there  is  nothing  to  be  done, 
but  should  he  survive  their  malic*'  and  make  his  escape,  I  will 
certainly  do  s()meihin<^  for  lii>  a<lvantage.' 

The  Secretary,  Mr.  Huckley,  was  extremely  moved  with  the 
narrative,  and  olli-red  to  send  me  ten  guineas,  provideil  my 
friends  (■ouid  tiiid  any  iiictJHxl  of  conveying  them  with  safety, 
and  this  ilay,  meeting  Mr.  JJrown  in  the  street,  he  caught  hold 
of  his  hand,  and  repeated,  with  the  highest  emotions  of  pleas- 
ure, '  I  heartily  ct)ngratulate  you  on  the  fortunate  escapi'  of 
your  friend  from  his  wretched  continement,  and  you  may  de- 
pend upon  my  assistance  to  procure  him  any  benclit  in  my 
power.'  These  incidents  were  very  soothing,  and  tended  to 
exhilarate  my  spirits  after  such  a  profusion  of  fatigue,  depres- 
sion, and  anxiety.  It  was,  however,  some  abatement  to  my 
felicity  when  I  found  no  British  forces  were  yet  arrived  from 
England,  either  here  or  at  New  York.  I  had,  notwithstand- 
ing, some  pleasing  expectations  from  the  expedition  to  the 
eastern  country,  under  the  conduct  of  (leneral  McLean.  I 
now  understood  that  Ik;  had  saili-d  with  about  eight  hundred 
laiul  forces,  accompanied  with  six  or  seven  armed  vessels.  His 
design  was,  if  he  met  with  a  reinforcement  from  New  York, 
to  make  a  descent  upon  l^'almouih,  or  otherwise  to  tak»;  pos- 
session at  Penobscot.  In  the  afternoon  I  was  again  in  com- 
pany with  the  worthy  ('a|)t.  (Jay,  who  had  something  very 
singular  and  atreeiing  in  his  story.  This  gentleman  was  son 
to  Parson  CJay,  of  Ilingham,  was  captain  of  the  militia  in  the 
rebellious  town  of  Hoston,  and  a  deacon  of  Howard's  meeting, 
but  being  a  man  of  steaily  principles  and  unshaken  virtue,  was 
early  disgusted  with  the  proceedings  of  his  countrymen.  He 
took  every  convenient  opportunity  of  discovering  his  senti- 
ments of  loyalty,  which  rendered  himself  highly  obnoxious  to 
the  malignant  and  furious  faction  in  Boston.  'J'his  ol)liged 
him  to  apply  to  the  King's  troo])s  for  i)roteclion,  and  having 
conveyed  away  his  family,  excepting  his  elilest  son,  to  Iling- 
ham, he  lied  with  General  Howe  and  his  forces  to  this  Pro- 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     J  A  COR     BAILEY.  1(57 

vincp,  upon  the  evacuation  of  the  ahovo-mentionccl  town. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  he  jilaeed  his  son,  a  very  jironiising 
youth,  about  seventeen,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Alien,  an  emi- 
nent merchant  in  Halifax.  Mr.  (^ay  afterwards  repaired  to 
Cumberland,  where  he  had  some  interest,  upon  business. 
During  the  absence  of  the  aflfectionate  father  the  son  was  per- 
suaded one  day  to  go  a  gunnini^  in  company  with  a  son  of 
I\Ir.  Allen,  with  whom  he  had  contracted  a  most  intimate  ac- 
quaintance. After  they  had  diverted  themselves  several  hours 
they  returned  towards  town,  when,  by  some  unfortunate  acci- 
dent, Mr.  Allen's  gun  went  off  and  killed  his  friend  Gay  dead 
upon  the  spot.  This  melancholy  and  tragical  afliiir  threw  the 
whoh^  family  into  the  deepest  grief  and  consternation.  Before 
these  sorrowful  emotions  had  subsided  they  d(\><patched  a  mes- 
senger with  the  shocking  intelligence  to  the  unhapi)y  father, 
who  met  the  messenger  on  the  road  between  Windsor  and 
Halifax  as  hv  was  returning  from  Cumberland.  This  alarm- 
ing and  adecting  information  must  have  occasioned  the  most 
painful  sensations  in  the  bosom  of  the  bereaved  parent,  but 
he  sustained  all  the  aHlictions  which  Providence  was  pleased 
to  pour  upon  him  with  surprising  firmness,  resignation,  and 
silent  composure.  \Ve  had  in  company  this  afternoon  another 
refugee,  one  Mr.  Atkins,  formerly  a  merchant  in  J^jston,  and 
afterwards  a  Custom  House  oilicer  at  Newbury.  He  had  suf- 
fered almost  every  species  of  indignity,  was  frequently  seized 
by  the  hand  of  lawless  j)ower,  kept  under  confmement,  and 
threatened  with  destruction,  till  he  was  fortunate  enough,  about 
eleven  months  ago,  to  enlarge  himself  from  their  clutches.  He 
lied  along  the  eastern  shore,  and  arrived  at  this  asylum  by  the 
way  of  Machias.  Towards  night,  having  my  liead  confused 
with  a  variety  of  objects  and  entertainments  of  various  kinds, 
I  repaired  to  Mrs.  Callahan's,  where  we  passed  away  the  eve- 
ning in  conversation,  and  related  to  each  other  our  several 
adventures  since  our  j)arting  last  year  at  Kennebeck.  ."Mrs. 
Callahan  informed  us,  that  having  embarked  from  Kennebeck 
with  one  Cermine,  a  Scotchman,  in  a  little  schooner  of  al)out 
ten  or  twelve  tons,  they  |)ut  out  to  sea,  and  after  coasting 
along  the  eastern  shore  for  several  days,  at  length  crossed  the 


168  rnoNTir. i:    >i  i  s^  i  o  n  a  u  v  ;     on,  [1779. 

Bay  of  Fuiidy  in  u  thick  fug.  It  Wiis  with  extreme  dilliculty 
thev  nmde  Annapolis  (uit,  where  .she  w:l^  fortiumtc  enough  to 
meet  her  huslcuul,  then  eoniniander  of  the  (Jage,  and  after 
tarrying  at  Annapolis  some  time  she  went  'round  to  Halifax 
by  water,  where  she  arrived  ahoiit  six  weeks  after  she  left 
Kennel)eck,  and  has  sinee  hi-en  settled  in  trantiuillity,  and  able 
to  live  in  n  comfortable  nianinr  without  any  molestation  from 
rebel  committees.  She  tlun  gave  me  a  short  history  of  her 
husband's  fortune  from  the  time  hi-  l<ft  his  own  li:iliii;itiini  at 
Pownall)orough. 

June  '2'2fl.  This  morning,  after  breakfast,  received  anutlur 
visit  from  the  good  Doctor,  who  informed  me  that  he  had  prt)- 
vided  us  with  an  habitation,  and  desired  me  to  attend  him  in 
ordtr  to  view  it.  Pleased  with  this  agreeable  intelligence  I 
inmieiliately  complied  with  his  re(juisition.  In  our  way  we 
happened  to  meet  with  Dr.  Prince,  a  refugee  from  Salem,  a 
gentleman  who  had  acquired  in  the  space  of  five  years  a  large 
fortune  l)y  mi-rchandise.  To  this  countryman  of  mine  the 
Doctor  introduced  me,  and,  having  accpiainted  him  with  my 
necessitous  circumstances,  the  other  generously  gave  me  eight 
dollars. 

The  house  which  tin-  Doctor  had  j)roeured  belonged  to  Mr. 
Justice  Wetmian,  keeper  of  the  Orjihan  House,  and  stood 
on  the  east  side  of  Pleasant  Street,  which  runs  straight 
from  the  Cirand  Parade,  near  tin*  Church,  to  the  water,  and  is 
altnost  a  mile  in  length.  This  is  the  most  elegant  street  in 
the  town,  and  is  much  freciuented  by  gentlemen  and  ladies  for 
an  evening  walk  in  line  weatln-r.  After  tea  we  perceive  one 
gay  company  after  another,  in  perpetual  succession,  dressed  in 
their  finest  apparel,  which  ad'ords  a  line  and  cheerful  appear- 
ance. At  the  gate  we  have  an  extensive  j)rospeet  of  the  har- 
bour attd  the  adjacent  ocean,  which  is  closed  by  the  southern 
horizon,  and  can  disi-ovcr  every  sail  coming  from  the  westward 
the  moment  it  proceetls  'round  .lebuctt)  Head.  To  the  north- 
ward the  street  exten«ls  adorned  with  the  grand  Provo,  Asseiii- 
bly  House,  Church,  and  private  buildings  to  a  vast  distance, 
and  is  limited  by  a  cross  street,  three-tpiartcrs  of  a  mile  from 
luMicf.     To  the  west  arise  beautiful  ranges  of  green  fields,  in- 


177!).]  LIFE    OF    KliV.    JACOB     BAILEY.  KiD 

terypersed  with  several  remarkable  structures,  as  Fort  Massy, 
the  Governor's  summer  house,  the  Work  House;  and  bevoud 
these  the  Citadel  Ilill,  with  all  its  fortifications  and  warlike  uj)- 
paratus,  towers  aloft  in  majestic  grandeur,  and  overlooks  both 
the  town  and  the  adjacent  country.  We  enter  throui^h  a  spa- 
cious gate  into  a  decent  yard,  with  an  avenue  to  the  house, 
bounded  on  each  side  by  a  little  grove  of  English  hawthorns, 
in  this  season  in  all  their  blooming  glory.  The  house  consist- 
ed of  a  convenient  kitchen,  a  tight  cellar,  a  chamber,  and  an 
elegant  parlour,  papered  and  containing  two  closets.  Before 
the  door  was  a  little  porch  with  a  seat.  From  the  two  eastern 
windows  we  had  a  most  charming  prospect  of  .Mr.  Wen  man's 
garden,  in  which  were  planted  such  a  profusion  of  willows, 
hawthorns,  and  fruit  trees  of  various  kinds,  that  they  formed  a 
perfect  wilderness,  extremely  pleasant  to  the  sight  and  grateful 
to  the  smell.  And,  indeed,  when  we  looked  out  of  these 
windows  we  rather  fancied  ourselves  in  the  midst  of  a  woody 
country,  than  in  the  heart  of  a  populous  town.  Dr.  Breynton 
introduced  me  to  Mr.  Wenman,  who,  like  a  true  Englishman, 
gave  me  a  hearty  welcome.  I  found  him  a  large,  robust  man, 
near  seventy  years  of  age,  with  scarce  a  wrinkle  in  his  face; 
but  he  assured  me  that  notwithstanding  he  appeared  with  siuh 
a  llorid,  strong,  and  healthy  constitution,  he  ha<l  been  above 
twenty  years  alllieted  with  a  complication  of  disorders,  such 
as  the  gout,  gravel,  and  stone,  besides  a  troublesome  cough, 
which  seized  him  on  a  sudden,  and  continued  with  such  vio- 
lence that  it  fretjuently  deprived  him  of  strength.  The  people 
being  gone  to  fetch  our  trilles  from  on  board  the  schooner,  I 
tarried  with  Mr.  Wenman  till  their  arrival.  I  <piickly  discov- 
ered him  to  be  an  enemy  to  the  American  rebellion,  and  after 
cursing  most  heartily  the  leaders,  he  proceedetl  to  inform  me 
that  this  Metropolis  contained  a  multitude  of  persons  di>af- 
fected  to  government,  for  wliieli  reason  he  seldom  went  abroad, 
and  that  ui)on  such  occasions  he  never  visited  but  two  families. 
He  appeared  to  be  a  rough,  opi-n,  antl  honest  Englishman, 
generous  ;  friendly,  and  humane,  wliere  he  imagines  an  object 
deserving,  but  those  who  are  artful,  designing,  or  conceited, 
can  look  for  no  more  than  bare  justice  from  him,  and  that  they 
22 


170  run N T 1 1: 11    missionary;    on,  [1 


(  <; 


may  expect  to  receive  with  the  most  exact  punctuality.     When 
he  convevH  :i  favour  the  in:itter  is  done  without  any  c-creinonN . 
anil,  if  vi»u  attempt  to  rt'turn  any  eoni|)Iirii<'nts  or  acknowh-d;^'!  - 
nients,  hr  would  rather  app«'ar  to  be  otlended,  and  declare,  with 
a  l)luntne:<.>*  peculiar  to  liinisilf,  '  I  have  not  done  this  trilli*  out 
of  any  partieidar  rci^ard  to  yourself,  for  I  should   have  shown 
the  same,  or  jierhaps  a  greater  favour,  to  any  other  person   in 
the    same    eireuuistanees.'      He    a«suretl    mr    that  when    any 
person  had  ollended  him  he  never  fort^ave  him,  for,  thouf^h  he 
fcorned  to  take  any  revenge,  or  to  oiler  him  the  least  injur\ 
yet  he   immediately  bioke  ofT  all  connection   with   him.  and 
never  trusted  him  afterwards.     Hut  notwithstanding  this  de- 
claration, 1  am  certain  that  he  might  easily  be  reconciled  when 
the   ollmding   person    had   not   bj'cn   guilty  of  baseness   and 
treachery  in   his  conduct.     Whilst  we  continued  engaged  in 
this  conversation   he  made  several  shrewd  remarks  upon  the 
behaviour  of  my  countrymen,  who  formerly  used  the   Halifax 
trade.      8ome  lie  acknowledged   to  be  remarkal)ly  honest  and 
fair  traders  as  ever  he  met  with  in  the  compass  of  his  acipiaint- 
ancc,  but  in  general  he  found  them  to  be  the  profoundest  hyyi- 
ocrites  in  nature,  and  the  cunningest  knaves  uj)on  earth  ;  for 
though   men   advanced  in  life  were   averse  to  swearing,  and 
would   pucker  up  their  mouths,  and   roll  their  eyes  towards 
Heaven  at  the  mention  of  an  oath,  yet  they  would  not  scruple 
to  lie,  and  delil»erately  ajipeal  to  the  Almighty  in  confirmation 
of  a  falsehood.     He  likewise  added  that  he  had  been  actpiaint- 
cd  with  several  young  fellows  from  Boston  government,  who 
upon  their  first   arrival  at   Halifax  would   not   utter  a  profane 
oath,  or  execration,  upon  tlx^  most  powerful  excitement  or  ])ro- 
vocation,  l>iil    only  \\  hen   highly  exasperated  exclaim,  '  I   vow 
you  are  a  serpently  devil,  a'most I'     And  yet  in  a  few  weeks 
these  very  conscientious  travellers  would  disengage  themselves 
from  all  the  restraints  of  education,  and  exceed  the  most  aban- 
doned sailors  in  bold  and  daring  imi)iety.     They  would  both 
take  the  Sacred   Name  in  vain,  and  practice  the  most  horrid 
curses,  and  even  make  a  public  scolT  and  ridicule  of  all  religion. 
When  the  old  gentleman  had  entertained  me  with  two  or  three 
of  his   long-winded   stories,    I   was  diverted   from  any  longer 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  1~1 

attendance  by  the  arrival  of  our  people,  and  having  conveyed 
our  treasure,  consisting  of  two  ancient  feather  beds,  —  through 
the  weather-beaten  crevices  of  wiiich  the  down  issued  in  great 
abundance,  —  one  patched  (juilt,  containing  a  greater  variety 
of  colours  than  the  rainl)ow;  half  of  a  very  elderly  rug,  worn 
to  the  ([uick,  and  half  a  pair  of  sheets,  and  a  small  chest  con- 
taining the  remnants  of  poverty,  vi/,:  one  silk  gown,  five  bat- 
tered knives  and  forks,  the  same '' 

The  remainder  of  the  Journal  is  missiner. 


17,?  FKONTIKU    missionauy;    OU,  [1779. 


ClI  Al'TKR   \  I  II. 

TiiF.  paper  of  tin*  earliest  datr  after  the  tcrniinatioii  of  the 
Journal,  which  has  como  into  the  luinds  of  the  writer  of  tliis 
Memoir,  is  the  follow  iiii:: — 

TO    MK.    JOHN    CAULKTON,    AT    WOOI.Wirn,    N.    E. 

JLili/tix,  June  2o,  1779.  •  .  "  The  (lencral  Assembly  of 
the  Province  have  f^'wcu  ine  two  Iniiulnvl  dollars,  (not  square 
ones,)*  ami  I  have  received  in  private  presents  nearly  three 
hundred  more.  The  lady  of  Col.  Phips,f  upon  my  recom- 
mendation, desires  that  if  the  Ki life's  forces  should  arrive  in 
your  neighbourhood,  you  would  be  kind  enou«i;h  to  point  out 
her  farm,  and  to  su<2^fTest  some  method  to  jireserve  the  cattle 
and  buildings  from  destruction." 

(Jen.  McLean  coinniandrd  an  expedition  which  had  sailed 
from  Halifax  that  summer  and  landed  at  Major-l)i<,Miyduc(>,  now 
Castine,  which  j)lace  was  fortified  by  the  Knglish  forces.  To 
this  oflTicer  Mr.  IJailey  addressed  a  letter  from  Halifax,  .Tnly 
10th,  1779.  The  object  was  to  furnish  a  list  of  loyalists  in 
and  near  Keimebeck,  known  or  believed  to  be  such  by  the 
writer.  If  Mr.  Hailey  was  correct,  the  friends  of  the  British 
government,  in  that  region,  were  more  numerous  than  has 
generally  been  supposed.  He  gives  the  names  of  twenty-seven 
residing  in  Bristol  and  Broad  Bay, |  and  classes  with  them  "all 
the  Dutch  families  in  Broad  Bay,  except  ten  or  twelve  families," 
eighteen  in   Woolwich,  thirty-two  in   (Georgetown,  fifty-three 


•  "  Retolrtd,  That  His  Honor,  the  Licutonant  OoTernor,  be  requested  to  grant  a 
Warrant  to  Kor.  Mr.  Bailry  of  £50,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  moneys  arising  from  the 
dutic!!  on  Import  and  Kxcine,  for  his  present  Relief. 

Ordrreti,  That  this  Koinliitinn  be  sent  to  His  Majesty's  Council  for  concurrence.' 
— Journal  of  Ihe  Ilniue  of  A.istmhiy  of  Xora  Scotia,  Junr  2.V,  1770  :  p.  18. 

fSee  Sahiue'a  American  Ij)yaJi»t» — Phips,  David,  p.  539, 

X  Now  Waldoborough. 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     I)AILE\:.,  173 

in  Pownalboro',  and  twenty-two  in  tlic  towns  of  St.  Georges, 
Bowdoinham,  Hallowell,  Topsham  and  Winthrop.  In  writ- 
ing to  the  Vcncralile  Society  under  date  of  July  4tli,  177'J, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Sixteen  of  my  hearers  are  now  in  the  King's 
service,  and  tlie  remainder,  except  one  or  two  familic?,  are 
distinguished  for  tiieir  loyalty." 

Attached  to  the  British  forces  wlTu  li  hcM  Major-bignyducc 
was  Dr.  John  Calf,  who  had  married  the  daughter  of  Rev. 
Jcdcdiah  Jewett,  of  Rowley,  Mr.  Bailey's  early  and  kind 
patron.  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  from  Halifax.  He  says: 
"]?eing  informed  that  you  possess  a  department  in  the  garrison 
which  gives  you  considerable  inlluence,  I  have  made  this 
attempt  to  solicit  your  interest  in  case  a  chaplain  should  be 
aj)pointed.  I  am  the  rather  induced  to  tuake  this  application 
because  your  station  is  within  the  limits  of  my  Mission,  and 
from  a  tender  regard  to  multitudes  of  loyal  subjects  within 
the  county  of  Lincoln,  who  are  bt)th  my  fricmls  and  parish- 
ioners." 

During  this  summer  Mr.  Bailey  reciMved  invitations  from 
two  ditl'erent  parishes  to  become  tln-ir  minister,  lie  thus 
writes  to  his  brotjier  at  Pownalboro": — 

^^  Halifax,  (SV/>/.  ()///,  1779.  I  have  made  an  exenr>ion  into 
the  country,  and  travelled  through  all  the  line  settlements  on 
the  Basin  of  Minas,  and  never  beheld  finer  farms  than  at 
Windsor,  Falmouth,  llorton  and  Cornwallis.  The  latter  is 
the  place  wliere  the  Neutral  French  had  formerly  their  principal 
habitation.  I  have  dined  ujion  the  very  spot  where  Charles* 
Le  Blanc  formerly  lived.  Two  luuidred  families  are  settled  in 
this  jilaee,  and  I  am  invited  to  ollieiate  aiuong  them  this 
winter,  and  believe  I  shall  accept  their  olVer  till  I  can  return  to 
Kennebeck  in  safety.  They  have  agreetl  to  furnish  me  with 
an  house  and  firing,  to  give  me  an  horse  worth  ten  guineas, 
to  be  at  the  expense  of  my  removal,  and  to  allow  me  a  weekly 
contribution,  ])esi(les  presents,  which  will  amoiuit  to  more  than 
seventy  pounds   sterling   per  year,  if  1  reckon  the  prices  at 


*Thi9  should  be  Reno  Le  Blanc,  who  was  I'uhlic  Notary   for  the  Acadian*.     Vide 
Ilatlibtirton'a  A'ora  Scotia,  I.  p.  194. 


114  IKONTIIK      M  1  Ss  ION  A  K  V   ;      OK,  [1779. 

Ilulif:i\.  Hut  i)ot\vitli>laii(liii:,'  I  luivr  brrii  treated  with  uu- 
coniiiitdi  Kiiuliios  and  nspcit,  no  ('(Hisidoratioii  isliall  cvrr 
detain  iiir  frt>ru  vi>itin«;  my  f(»riii<  r  friends  and  neighbours 
when  the  tyranny  of  C'ongre.s.s  is  nvtrpast.  I  have  Hkewise 
hud  an  invitation  to  St.  Johns  and  Cumberland.  In  the  latter 
department  I  mi^ht  be  admitted  Chaplain  of  the  garrison, 
worth  i' IS)  per  annmn,  but  I  eaimot  endure  the  thoutjlits  of 
that  remote  situation,  especially  amont^  a  set  of  |)eoi)le  dispo>ed 
to  revolt." 

This  iMW  fnld  of  iMr.  Jiailey's  labours  possessed  a  varied 
interest.  Its  natural  scenery  is  described  as  extremely  beauti- 
ful, whih-  the  fertility  of  its  soil  has  given  it  the  title  of  ''the 
garden  of  Nova  Scotia."  Much  of  its  history,  too,  can  hartlly 
fail  to  excite  emotion.  Here  dwelt,  only  some  few  years  before, 
a  peoj)le  who,  in  many  respects,  seem  almost  to  have  realized 
the  Cioldeii  Age  of  the  poets.  Simple  in  their  manners,  antl 
abundantly  supplied,  from  their  own  labor,  with  everything 
which  their  few  wants  re([uiretl,  they  st)ught  little  or  no  inter- 
course with  the  rest  of  the  world,  from  which  they  were, 
in  a  great  measure,  isolated. 

But  they  inhabited  a  ci)untry  that  had  frequently  changed 
masters,  and  they  were  not  gifted  with  that  policy  which 
would  enable  them  to  transfer  their  allegiance  with  the  results 
of  war,  or  the  treaties  of  Euroj)ean  Powers.  Their  attachment 
to  their  fatherland  was  strengthened  by  a  community  of  reli- 
gion. Their  manners  and  customs,  the  style  of  their  dwellings 
and  the  fashion  of  tlu'ir  dress  and  ornaments,  reminded  the 
traveller  of  I'Vance,  which  had  its  representatives  in  many 
respects  amid  the  evergreens,  and  on  the  dyked  meadows  of 
this  part  of  Acadia.  The  Knglish  supposed,  and  jierhaps 
justly,  thai  the  professed  neutrality  of  these  simple  inhabitants 
had  been  violated  by  indirect  assistance  to  the  French,  who 
attacked  Chebucto  and  other  places,  and  that  at  times  they 
had  joined  with  them  and  the  Indians  in  their  marauding 
expeditions.  Ileneo  it  was  determined  to  transport  them  to 
other  places.  And  though  perhaps  this  was  managed  with  as 
much  judgment  and  feeling  as  the  case  admitted,  yet  hundreds 
were  taken  from  the  old,  familiar  scenes  of  their  nativity,  and 


1779.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAILEY.  175 

scattered  through  the  other  American  colonies.  Here  they 
could  not  fail  to  exi)ericnc-e  the  hatred  which  would  be  shown 
to  persons  suspected  of  any  previous  connection  with  the 
Indians,  whose  barbarous  warfare  had  caused  so  iinuh  waste 
of  blood  and  treasure  in  many  places,  and  this  antijiathy 
would  be  shar])ened  by  dislike  to  the  religion  of  these  j)oor 
exiles.  Upon  the  depaiiure  of  these  unfortunat(!  peopli',  their 
houses  and  church  were  burned  by  the  English,  their  domestic 
animals  j)erishcd  with  hunger,  and  the  dykes,  which  protected 
their  fertile  meadows  from  the  sea,  fell  into  decay.  Five  years 
after  this  event  a  fleet  of  twenty-two  transports,  convoyed  by 
an  armed  vessel  of  sixteen  guns,  landed  emigrants  from  New 
England  on  the  territory  that  had  been  occupied  by  the  Neutral 
French.  Two  hundred  persons  from  Connecticut  settled  at 
Cornwallis.  Although,  as  before  stated,  the  natural  fi-atures 
of  the  country  were  beautiful,  yet  the  ruin  which  had  befallen 
the  former  inhabitants  was  distinctly  visible,  and  could  hardly 
fail  to  iiis|)ire  melancholy  emotions. 

Stockaded  houses  were  erected,  and  a  small  detachment  of 
soldiers  were  stationed  at  Cornwallis  for  the  protection  of  the 
inhabitants  against  the  Indians.  The  detachiuent  was  after- 
wards increased,  and  a  regular  military  post  was  established 
with  the  properly  fortified  buildings. 

The  greater  J)art,  if  not  all,  who  settled  at  Cornwallis  were 
dissenters  from  the  Church  of  England.  But  in  three  years 
after  their  arrival,  a  Missionary  of  the  Veneral)le  Society 
was  appointed  to  the  region  in  which  that  town  was  situated. 

In  1770,  a  small  church  was  erected  at  Cornwallis  by  Col. 
I3url)i(lge  and  .Mr.  Hrsr,  at  their  own  expiMise.* 

Mr.  Bailey  arrived  at  his  field  of  labour  about  Oct.  20th. 
1779.  The  winter  that  succeeded  was  one  of  anxiety  and 
gloom.  The  comuumity  was  very  much  divided  in  religious 
matters,  the  Church  people  were  few,  about  twenty  families, 
who  of  course  were  strangers  to  their  new  minister,  and  there 
were  few  to  sympathize  with  him  in  his  loyalty  to  the   King. 


*  Aiken's  Sketch  of  the  Choich  in  the  ProTinces,  p.  26, 


lid  rUONTILU     M  l.^^SION  AKV   ;     OR,  [1779. 

His  fxpoctations  in  the  way  i>f  i^alary  sccin  not  to  have  been 
rt-alizftl,  for  h«'  writes  to  a  fri«nil :  "  My  riiu>hiiiu'nts  are  small. 
I  am  allowjtl  a  little,  ineonvenicnt  house  ami  lire-wood,  and 
get  beside  live  or  six  bhiHini,'s  per  week  e(»ntrit)ntion  for  pn  :uli- 
injf.  I  have  about  ten  or  twelve  seholars,  whiih  alionl  uje 
about  eight  dollars  per  mimtli.  Eviry  necessary  of  life  is 
extremely  (h'ar  in  this  place." 

Alllietion  also  visited  hitii.  He  was  informed  of  the  death 
of  his  brother  at  Kennclxi-,  who  had  been  his  Parish  Clerk 
there,  and  also  of  that  of  C'apl.  Callahan,  who,  while  acting 
as  one  of  \hv.  King's  Pilots,  U)st  his  life  by  shi|)wreek  in 
Halifax  harbor.  This  person  had  been  one  of  his  Church 
Wardens  at  Pownalboro'.  Added  to  this  was  pecuniary  dis- 
appointment. A  mercantile  friend  in  Halifax,  to  whom  he 
liad  intrusted  bills  of  exchange  on  London  for  £100  sterling, 
became  l)ankruj)t.  Mr.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Rev.  Samuel 
Peters,  formerly  of  Hebron,  Ct.,  but  then  in  London,  mentions 
tlie  fact  of  this  failure  and  says:  "As  I  have  been  obliged  to 
run  in  dt!)t  at  ('ornwaiiis  for  liic  ncci'ssarics  of  life,  this  alfair 
throws  nie  into  an  uneoinforlable  situation." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  sacrilieeil  much  more  advantageous  pros- 
pects to  come  to  Cornwallis  bi-cause  he  considered  himself 
bound  in  honor  to  fulfil  the  engagemenis  he  had  made  with  the 
parish  in  that  town.  He  writes  to  Mr.  Pochard  at  Kennebec: 
"About  ten  days  after  my  arrival  in  Halifax,  I  received  an 
invitation  from  some  principal  gentlemen  to  visit  Cornwallis. 
I  accordingly  preachi'd  aiuong  them  two  Sundays  in  August, 
and,  finding  nothing  more  advantageous  oiler,  I  agreed  to 
remove  my  family  and  continue  through  the  winter,  bu 
imm«'diately  after  this  engageuu'iit  I  was  urged  to  tarry  ai 
Halifax,  as  an  assistant  to  the  worthy  Dr.  Breynton,  for  which 
I  was  olTered  i;7()  sterling  per  year,  besides  a  school  worth  an 
hundred  more;  and  what  condueed  to  render  this  emj)Ioyment 
still  more  agreeable,  I  was  assuri'd,  both  liy  Dr.  Breynton  and 
the  Church  olRcers,  that  my  performances  were  acceptable  to 
that  numerous  congregation;  and  though  my  i)eing  preferred 
to  several  other  clergymen  was  a  little  flattering  to  iny  vanity, 
yet  I  concluded  to  adhere  to  my  engagements,  and  removed 


1780.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  177 

with  my  family  about  the  middle  of  October  to  tiiis  distant 
retreat." 

During  the  summer  of  1780  Mr.  liailey  writes  to  his  sister- 
in-law  at  Kennebec:  "  I  have  lately,  without  any  solicitation 
on  my  part,  been  appointed  deputy  chaplain  to  the  84th 
Regiment,  part  of  which  keep  a  garrison  at  Annapolis."  In 
*a  subsequent  letter  to  a  friend,  he  says:  "Dr.  Breynton  is 
included  in  the  appointment  and  performs  the  duty"  (in  Hali- 
fax.) The  following  is  an  extract  of  a  letter  to  the  Society, 
P.  ( I.,  dated  Nov.  4th  in  this  year.  "I  beg  leave  to  infortu  the 
Venerable  Society  that  I  still  continue  at  Cornwallis,  and  have 
olHciated  without  being  absent  one  Sunday  since  my  arrival. 
I  have  had  a  decent  and  respectable,  though  not  a  large  congre- 
gation. Their  contributions  towards  my  support  are  precarious, 
and  all  the  articles  of  subsistence  are  so  excessively  extrava- 
gant that  my  emoluments  will  hardly  support  my  family.  The 
want  of  books  is  a  misfortune  I  sensibly  feel  in  my  present 
situation,  for  I  was  constrained  to  leave  my  library  behind 
when  I  escaped  from  New  England,  and  being  so  remote  from 
the  metropolis  I  can  receive  no  assistance  from  others." 

In  December  of  the  same  year.  Rev.  Aaron  Bancroft  arrived. 
Mr.  Bancroft  was  afterwards  a  Doctor  of  Divinity  and  Con- 
gregational minister  at  Worcester,  Mass.  At  first  Mr.  Bailey 
was  suspicious  of  him,  as  the  Dissenters  in  Cornwallis  are  said 
by  him  to  have  sympathized  in  the  American  Revolution. 

Dr.  llicks,  then  residing  in  the  West  Indies,  had  formerly 
been  in  Mr.  Bailey's  neighborhood  at  Kennebec  and  become 
acquainted  with  the  prominent  persons  there.  The  following 
extract  of  a  letter  to  him  dated  Dee.  22d,  1780,  refers  to  an 
individual  well  known  in  that  part  of  the  country.  "I  fancy 
you  must  have  been  acquainted  with  John  Jones  the  surveyor 
of  Kennebeck.  After  having  almost  exceeded  the  famous 
Roderick  Random  in  adventures  and  escapes,  he  obtained  a 
Captain's  commission  in  Rogers'  corps,  and  in  several  excur- 
sions from  Penobscot  he  has  performed  wonders.  Among 
other  exploits  he  seized  the  tyrant  Cushing  at  his  own  house, 
and  eonv(^yed  him  in  a  ridienlous  dishabille  to  the  British  fort," 

The  straitness  of  Mr.  Bailey's  circumstances  at  the  com- 
23 


178  FRONTIER     missionary;     OR,  [1781. 

mpnccmcnt  of  1781  may  hv  iiifi-rrcd  from  a  stati-mriit  to  his 
brotlirr-iii-law.  Rev.  Mr.  Works:  "  The  contest  with  regard  to 
a  school  has  tt-rmiiiatod  in  my  favour,  and  I  have  at  pre:?ent 
ten  scht)hirs,  the  niimhiT  I  was  desirous  of  instructinii:,  but 
nothing  excejit  necessity  would  have  j)rcvailcd  n|)on  me  to 
continue  this  laborious  and  pcrplexini^  employment." 

In  -March,  17^1,  a  (hiughter  was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  R;iiley, 
who  was  christened  Rebecca  Lavina. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  formerly  Rector  of  King's  Chajx'l,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  left  that  place  with  the  Jiritish  troops  who  evacu- 
ated Boston  in  March,  177().  In  writing  to  a  correspondent 
in  April,  17Sl,  Mr.  Bailey  states,  "  by  letters  from  London  I 
am  informed  that  Dr.  Caner  had  retired  with  his  young  wife 
to  Cardifi;  in  Wales." 

Several  letters  are  preserved  from  Rev.  Samuel  Peters, 
D.  D.,  then  residing  in  London,  to  the  subject  of  this  Me- 
moir. They  are  all  of  a  singular  charac-ter,  like  the  writer. 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  one,  dated  London,  I'\'l)- 
ruary  8th,  1781.      *  »       "  What   I  am  next  to  consider  is 

h9W  I  can  come  at  one  or  two  of  your  sermons,  that  the  public 
may  share  with  the  ingrates  of  Cornwallis  what  Sterne  would 
read  and  devour  with  pleasure.  •  »  I  have  heard  much  of 
your  sermons  as  to  style,  sentiment,  and  composition,  that  they 
are  exotics  and  originals.  *  •  You  will  see  the  Farewell 
to  Kennebeck,*  but  little  differenced  from  the  original,  which 
was  chiefly  done  to  avoid  some  words  less  fashionable  now 
than  formerly,  and  to  make  even  measure,  as  is  the  fashion 
now  in  ten  feet  verses.  Many  verses  would  have  done  honour 
to  Young,  or  Pope,  or  INlilton.  The  last  verse  was  read  aloud 
in  a  Coilee  House,  and  drew  siglis  and  tears  from  many  sym- 
pathizing persons.''  Another  correspondent  in  London  writes, 
"  1  have  not  yet  seen  the  lines  you  sent  to  Mr.  Peters,  who  has 
made  you  figure  in  the  Magazines  by  publishing  them.*' 

In  reply  to  the  request  of  Dr.  Peters,  contained  in  the  fore- 
going letter,  Mr.  Bailey  writes:  ''  In  a  former  letter  you  men- 
tioned somewhat  about  sending  you  sermons,  which,  in  con- 

•Sec  Note  K. 


1781.]  LIFE     OF     REY.     JACOB     BAILEY.  179 

junction  with  the  desire  of  several  friends  in  these  parts  has 
induced  me  to  transcribe  a  number  and  leave  them  with  Mr. 
Thc^nas  Brown,  of  Halifax,  which  he  may  transmit,  if  he 
pleases.  I  am  sensible  that  they  have  nothing  to  recommend 
them  except  tHeir  novelty.  If  they  should  be  thought  worthy 
of  publication  they  will  make  a  volume  of  the  same  size  with 
Sterne's.  You  may  allix  what  title  you  think  proper.  They 
were  all,  except  the  first  two,  delivered  since  the  commence- 
ment of  the  rebellion.  I  had  little  choice  in  this  collection,  for 
I  brought  away  only  about  a  dozen  in  my  precipitate  flight.'' 
To  Rev.  William  Clarke,  formerly  Rector  of  the  Church  in 
Dedham,  Mass.,  but  who  was  then  residing  in  London,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes:  "  It  would  never  have  entered  into  my  head  to 
ofler  any  of  my  sermons  for  publication  had  it  not  been  for 
Mr.  Peters.  *  *  You  will  find  them  upon  singular  subjects, 
chiefly  levelled  against  the  principles  of  rebellion.  These  were 
chosen  From  about  a  dozen  which  I  accidentally  brought  away 
from  New  England.  All  the  rest  of  my  sermons,  books,  6cc., 
were  left  behind.  1  cannot  forbear  remarking  that  the  0th  and 
7tli  discourses  were  highly  applauded  by  the  Whigs,  and  that 
party,  in  consequence  of  what  they  termed  my  bold  integrity, 
made  me  a  present  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  but  these 
were;  chiefly  Southern  Whigs.  The  Gth,  however,  gave  great 
orteiice  at  Falmouth  to  the  rebellious  party,  who  could  endure 
no  strictures  upon  revenge,  perfidy,  and  baseness."  To  the 
letter  to  Dr.  Peters,  the  Doctor  thus  replied:  "London,  Feb.  15, 
17!ri2.  I  received  your  eight  sermons  with  pleasure  and  read 
them.  The  cost  of  printing  two  hundred  and  fifty  is  £12,  in 
the  size  of  Sterne.  I  intend  to  send  you  one  of  them  printed 
the  next  opportunity."  .  Whether  these  were  ever  published 
the  writer  of  this  Memoir  has  no  means  of  knowing. 

A  History  of  Connecticut,  which  has  attracted  much  atten- 
tion, has  generally  been  ascribed  to  Dr.  Peters,  entirely  on 
intt-rnal  evidence,  as  the  Doctor  never  acknowledged  it.  The 
letter  just  quoted  contains  the  following:  "  Some  assassin,  last 
summer,  published  the  History  of  Comiecticut  in  a  lively  and 
sarcastic  style.  It  is  said  to  be  the  only  true  and  iiupartial 
history  ever  published  about  New  England.     We  cannot  find 


180  rilONTIKR      MISSION  All  V;      OR,  [1781. 

Diit  the  author,  hut  Harrison  ("fay,  and  the-  Saints  of  Salem 
and  Boston,  like  it  not.  Thry  call  it  'a  cursi'd  book.'  Price 
()*•.,  hounil." 

The  ocr\i|)ation  l)y  the  ]^•ili^h,  in  177H,  of  the  pcninsuhi  of 
INTnjor-higuyihup,  now  callrd  Castinc,  has  been  before  spoken 
of.  Here  they  erecttii  a  fortification  \v  which  they  gave  the 
name  of  I'\)rt  (Jeori^e.  Many  h)yalists  found  their  way  thither, 
among  thcni  some  of  Mr.  Baih-y's  friends  in  the  eastern  coun- 
try. A  (h'sirc  to  be  with  ihcm,  and  discontent  with  the  |)lacc 
of  his  residence,  in(hiccd  him  to  think  favoral)ly  of  a  removal 
thither.  In  several  of  his  letters  he  mentions  this  wish  of  his, 
to  which  some  of  the  residents  at  Fort  George  responded,  as 
appears  by  a  subscription  paper  drawn  up  this  year  for  his 
suj)port,  and  signed  by  lifleen  persons.  Among  these  names 
are  Jere,  Pote,  Robert  Pagan,  Robert  Pagan,  Jr.,  and  Thomas 
Wyer,  formerly  of  Falmouth,  now  Portland.  In  a  letter  to 
the  Society,  P.  G.,  Nov.  8,  17S1,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  I  have 
had  several  applications  from  my  friends  at  Penobscot  for  my 
removal  ihiihcr,  but,  though  that  settlement  has  greatly  in- 
creased, other  gentlemen,  U|)on  wht)se  friendship  and  judgmcni 
I  can  rely,  advise  me  not  to  venture  while  matters  remain  in 
tlu'ir  present  |)rccarious  situation."  In  two  years  after  the 
j)lace  was  given  up  by  the  British. 

Invents  were  in  |)rogress  that  led  to  his  appointment  as  Mis- 
sionary at  Annapolis.  This  place  has  been  before  spoken  of, 
under  its  French  name  of  Port  Royal,  as  the  residence  of  the 
adventurers  from  France  in  the  years  KiOl  and  KiO'').  During 
the  century  that  followed,  the  basin  that  lies  in  its  front  bort; 
on  its  bosom  at  various  times  hostile  fleets,  and  the  neighbor- 
ing hills  echoed  back  the  rattling  of  musketry  and  the  report 
of  cannon,  used  by  those  who  attacked  and  those  who  defend- 
ed the  important  fortress  which  was  there  established.  Mar- 
tial law  alone  prevailed  for  many  long  years.  No  Protestant 
minister  had  settled  himself  at  this  distant  post,  but  Romish 
priests  ministered  to  the  garrison  and  the  neighboring  savages 
in  those  years,  when  the  French  had  possession  of  Port  Royal. 
It  was  not  till  1713  that  Nova  Scotia  fmally  passed  by  treaty 
into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who,  in  honor  to  the  reigning 


1781.]  LIFE     OF     IlEV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  181 

sovereign,  changed  the  name  of  Port  Royal  to  Annapolis.  The 
importance  of  its  position,  and  its  being  the  residence  of  the 
Governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  of  military  oflicers  of  high  rank, 
made  it  the  most  noted  place  east  of  Boston,  excepting  Lonis- 
biirgh.  It  thus  remained  until  17o0,  when  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment was  removed  to  the  rapidly  rising  town  of  Halifax. 

The  first  English  Missionary*  at  Annapolis  was  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Wood,  formerly  of  New  Jersey,  but  who  was  trans- 
ferred from  that  Province  to  Halifax  in  IToG.  In  addition  to 
the  performance  of  the  labors  of  his  Mission  he  was  enabled 
to  visit  Annapolis  twice  in  1762,  and  in  the  next  year  removed 
to  that  place.  He  became  so  familiar  with  the  Micmac  lan- 
guage as  to  form  a  grammar  of  it,  and  to  olliciatc  to  the  In- 
dians in  their  native  tongue.  In  177'3  his  people  subscribed 
for  the  erection  of  a  church  sixty  by  forty  feet.  Three  years 
after,  Mr.  Wood  closed  a  laborious  life  among  his  attached 
people.  The  Rev.  J.  Wingate  Weeks,  formerly  Missionary  at 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  being  in  England  in  1779,  obtained  the 
appointment  of  Missionary  at  Annapolis.  Returning  to  Halifax 
in  July  of  that  year  his  anxiety  for  his  family,  then  at  Marl^le- 
head,  induced  him  soon  after  to  embark  for  New  York,  to  ar- 
range for  their  removal  to  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Weeks  did  not 
reach  Halifax  till  May  in  the  following  year,  where  he  found 
his  wife  and  children,  who  had,  in  fact,  arrived  there  a  few 
days  after  his  departure  from  that  place  the  previous  autumn. 
He  appears  to  have  visited  Annapolis  for  the  first  time  in  June, 
1780,  and  was  there  perhaps  once  more  a  few  months  after. 
In  .lune  of  the  following  year  he  proba])ly  ]-)assed  three  or  four 
weeks  there,  returning  to  Halifax,  where  his  family  resided. 
This  neglect  to  reside  at  his  Mission  displeased  tiie  Venerable 
Society.  In  the  latter  part  of  tiie  same  summer  Mr.  Hailey 
received  a  letter  from  Rev,  Mather  Byles,  D.  D.,  dated  Halifax, 
August  11th,  17SI,  of  which  the  foHowing  is  an  extract:  "  I 
think  it  my  duty,  without  any  further  delay,  to  send  you  the 

•  Rut  there  w.is  probably  a  ch.iplain  to  the  garrison  .it  this  place,  for  In  one  of  the 
returns  of  the  expense  of  the  establishment  for  one  year  previous  to  IT-W,  is  found — 
"  Chiiplain  G.v.  per  diem,  or  £1'J1  \[h.  id.  per  ouuimi." — Halliburton,  II.,  p.  198.  Sec 
also  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  Rev.  Dr.  Peters,  October  SIst,  1784. 


1*^*2  luoNTiLU    missionary;    oil,  [1782. 

following  extracts  from  a  Icttrr  wliidi  I  have  n'ccivcd  from  Dr. 
Moricr,  dated  \-\'U.  <•.  17*^1. 

♦''I  am  to  commiiiiiiate  to  you  tin*  R<'solinioii  of  ilir  So- 
ciety, that  Mr.  Wcrks  ijo  immeiliatrly  to  Annapolis,  and  if  lie 
should  lift,  tin  II  fitlirr  Dr.  Hyirs  or  Mr.  Hailry  must  take  that 
Mission.     Thr  ollrr  is  rir>t  made  to  you." 

"  I  liavi-  informed  .Mr.  Wrrks  of  the  above  Resolution.  Jlis 
reply  wa.s,  that  '  he  shojild  not  ninove  to  Annapolis  at  present; 
that  the  .Mission  was  a  matter  of  indifVerence  to  him;  and  that 
I  might  go  thi-re  if  I  plea.sed.'  Aeeordingly  the  care  of  that 
Mission,  if  I  chose  to  acce[)t  it,  would  now  devolve  upon  me; 
but  as  I  determine,  for  reasons  which  I  shall  communicate  to 
the  Society,  to  decline  the  charge,  the  design  of  this  letter  is 
ft)rmally  to  resign  it  in  your  favour.  As  the  Society  seem  to 
have  intrusted  the  cDfidnct  of  this  allair  to  mc,  and.  I  am  very 
sensible  will  expect  a  sjieedy  and  decisive  answer,  1  should 
be  glad  to  know  by  the;  first  opportunity  whether  the  oiler, 
which  I  look  upon  myself  as  now  aiithori/ed  to  make  you.  be 
agreeable,  that  I  may  transmit  your  reply  to  that  venerable 
body." 

The  answer  to  this,  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Bailey,  was:  "-If  Mr. 
Weeks  declines  going  to  Aiinajjolis,  and  you  are  willing  to 
resign  your  prior  appointment  in  my  favor,  I  shall  cheerfully 
accept  of  the  Mission."  In  October,  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  visited 
Anna|)olis,  it  being  his  second  visit  this  year,  and  in  November 
he  wrote  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  disapproving  of  his  views  with 
reference  to  that  place.  In  the  s|)ring  of  the  next  year  the  fol- 
lowing lettt'r  reached  Mr.  Bailey  : — 

"  Hatton  (iAKDKN,  .lan'y  29,  1782. 
*' Rr.v.  Silt: — ^'our  two  letti-rs  of  the  9th  November  last 
have  been  duly  received,  and  were  laid  befon*  the  Society  at 
their  meeting  on  the  2'»tli  instant,  when  the  atl'air  of  Mr. 
Weeks  being  taken  intn  full  eoiisideration  the  Society  came 
to  the  following  determinatit)n  :  Resolved,  that  as  Mr.  Weeks 
refuses  to  reside  u|)«)n  the  Mission  of  Annapolis,  the  Rev.  .Mr. 
Bailey  be  appointed  in  his  room,  ^'ou  will  therefore  consider 
yourself  henceforward  as  Missionary  to  that  place,  whither  you 


17H2.]  LIFE     OF     IIKV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  183 

will,  with  all  due  speed,  repair:  and  after  what  has  passed  re- 
specting Mr.  Weeks  there  is  little  occasion  for  me  to  observe 
that  the  Society  expect  that  you  will  constantly  reside  there. 
The  people  of  Granville  arc  to  be  considered  as  part  of  the 
Mission.     ••  •    •     Your  salary  from  the  Society  is  the  same  as 

it  now  stands,  £50  stlg.,  but  you  will  receive  £70  stlg.  from 
the  (Jovernment,  which,  I  l)elieve,  is  jiaid  in  Nova  Scotia.     I 
should   hope  that  the   Chaplainship  of  the   Garrison  will   be 
given  to  you  also,  as  Mr.  Wi-eks  can  now  have  no  claims  to 
it.     All   I   have  furthcT  to  add  on   this  subject  is   my  hearty 
prayer  for  all  success   in   your   Ministry,  and  every  degree  of 
prosperity  to  you  and  your  large  family,  who,  I  hope,  will  re- 
ceive comfort  in  that  situation,  which  Mr.  Weeks,  by  multi- 
plying his  lucrative  employments,  seems  to  have  despised. 
•  ••••• 

"  1  am,  Rev'd  Sir, 

Your  affectionate  brother, 
and  very  hiunbh*  servant, 

"  WM.  MURICE,  Secrelari/r 

In  writing  to  a  friend  shortly  after  the  receipt  of  the  forego- 
ing letter,  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "  I  am  sorry  to  lind  Mr.  Weeks 
wholly  excluded  from  the  Society's  service.  I  am  informed 
that  he  is  offended  with  me,  though,  I  can  truly  affirm,  the 
appointment  was  not  of  my  seeking,  and  even  when  Dr. 
Morice  informed  me  last  fall  that  I  was  to  succeed  in  case  Mr. 
Weeks  and  Dr.  Byles  should  refuse,  I  signified,  in  my  reply, 
that  I  should  prefer  Penobscot,  could  I  remove  thither  with 
safety,  and  the  Secretary,  in  his  last  letter,  assures  me  that  Mr. 
Weeks  was  dismissed  for  non-residence,  and  for  despising  the 
Society's  favour." 

Mr.  Bailey  makes  the  folU)wing  statement  of  the  amount  of 
his  income  when  at  Cornwallis:  "  During  which  time  I  iiad 
no  cmohunents  except  fifty  pounds  from  the  Society,  a  dc|)uty 
Cha])lainship  for  half  a  year,  and  the  contributions  of  a  few 
people  at  Cornwallis.'' 

The  following  letter,  dated  August  5th,  17^2,  though  of 
some  length,  seems  to  be  worthy  of  insertion,  here: — 


1^1  F H o N  r 1 1: R    M 1  s s I o N  A  11 Y  ;    on,  [1 782. 

»  To . 

"  Di.Ait  Silt: — III  |»iirMi;iiu'f  of  my  engagements  I  now  ap- 
ply iiiVMrlfto  furiii^li  you  with  some  aeei)uiit  of  my  late  move- 
ini-nls  and  adventurer-.  I  believe  you  have  already  received 
information  that  before  my  departure  from  C'ornwailis  I  was 
invited  to  ollieiate  in  the  Meeting  House.  In  consequence  of 
this  invitation  1  read  prayers  and  delivered  two  sermons  to  a 
niore  numeroud  assembly  than  I  had  ever  seen  in  thi.s  Province. 
Most  af  the  inhabitants  of  every  denomination  attended,  gave 
serious  attention,  behaved  with  d<>cency,  favoured  me  with  a 
very  handsome  collection,  and  seemed  to  relish  my  farewell  , 
discourse.  But  modesty  nuist  prevent  my  enlarging  here,  even 
to  a  friciKl.  j 

We  proposed  to   advance  towards   Annapolis  on  Tuesday,  | 
the  !ilth  of  .July,  but  an  excessive  rain  on    Monday  hindered  | 
our    prei);irations,    so    that    our   departure    was    delayed    till  J 
Wednesday  morning,  when  we  observed   the  following  order: 
a   cart,    with   two  yoke  of  oxen,  containing  all  our    worldly 
possessions,  began    the    jirocession,  guarded  by  a  couple   of 
sprightly  young  fellows,  who  offered  their  services;  a  vehicle 
for  the  reception  of  Mrs.    Bailey  and  her  children   drawn   by  ,^ 
two  horses  next  appeared  under  the  conduct  of  honest  John.*  I 
Mrs.    J3urbidge,    in    her    chaise,   with    the    above-mentioned 
persons,  set  oil'  about  seven,  accomjianied    with   near    thirty 
people,   of  both    sexes,  on  horseback,  who  attended  us  with 
cheerful   solemnity  to  the  distance  of  fourteen  miles  on   our 
journey.     About   eleven  we  arrived  al   Marshall's,   anil    with 
iiiiieh  (iillieulty  provided  an  early  diimer  for  our  large  coiuj)any. 
At  one  w<'  parted  with  our  friends.     Upon  this  occasion   tin- 
scenes  were   all'ecting;  mutual  elVusions  of  sorrow  were  dis-  « 
played,  and  our  hearts  were  agitatcjl  with    tender   emotions. 
Once  I  imagined    it   impossible  to  abandon  Cornwallis  with 
such  painful  regret,  and  conceived  that  we  could  bid  the  inhal)i- 
tants  adieu  without  a  single  tear  of  sensibility  on  either  side, 
but  I  found  myself  mistaken.     Justice  and  gratitude   compel 

*  John  McNamarra. 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     HAILKV.  IbO 

me  to  entertain  a  more  favourable  opinion  of  these  people 
than  formerly,  and  their  conduct  has  appeared  in  a  uuich  more 
amiable  light  at  the  conclusion  than  at  the  beginning  of  our 
connection.  Most  of  my  hearers,  and  several  of  other  denomi- 
nations, made  us  presents  ])efore  our  migration,  and  we  were 
at  no  expense  for  horses  and  carriages.  'J'he  distressing  cere- 
mony of  parting  being  over,  Mrs.  Bailey  was  seated  with  her 
little  ones  in  the  above-mentioned  machine,  over  which  was 
stretched  a  covering  of  canvas,  as  a  defence  both  from  the 
vivid  rays  of  the  sun  and  tlic  rain  of  heaven.  W'c  mow 
entered  a  wilderness  of  vast  extent,  without  a  single  human 
habitarion  for  the  space  of  eleven  miles,  the  roatls  extremely 
rough,  sheltered  with  tall  forests,  encumbered  with  rocks  and 
deformed  with  deep  sloughs;  and,  to  render  the  scene  still 
more  disconsolate  and  dismal,  the  winds  howled  among  the 
trees,  thick  volumes  of  clouds  rolled  from  the  western  hemis- 
phere, and  the  rumble  of  thunder  announced  the  horrors  of 
an  approaching  tempest.  We  had  still  in  company  six  persons 
besides  our  own  family,  two  of  whom  pushed  forward  with 
Betsy  Nye  and  reached  a  publick  house  before  the  rain.  Mr. 
Starr  and  your  humble  servant  left  the  carriages  at  the  disiance 
of  four  miles  from  the  dwelling  of  one  Potter,  lately  removed 
from  Cornwallis,  at  w!iic-h  we  arrived  a  little  nUcr  sunset,  just 
as  the  heavy  shower  was  beginning  to  descend.  The  sudden 
darkness  of  the  evening,  with  the  danger  of  oversetting,  gave 
us  very  uneasy  apprehensions;  at  length  Mrs.  Bailey  and  the 
children  ap|)eared,  as  did  some  time  after  the  conductors  of 
the  team  thoroughly  wet  to  the  skin.  We  were  crowded, 
eight  in  number  besides  the  family,  into  a  room  about  sixteen 
feet  square,  which  proved  a  miserable  shelter  against  the  most 
impetuous  rain  I  ever  knew  in  this  Province.  The  house 
leaked  so  intolerably  that  I  was  wet  to  the  skin  at  the  tea- 
table;  we  however  placed  bear  skins  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
preserve  a  good  feather  bed  from  the  water,  into  which  we 
tumbled  about  midnight,  but  the  incredible  swarms  of  mus(jui- 
tos  and  sand  Hies,  and  the  intolerable  heat,  both  of  the  weather 
and  a  large  fire,  j>revented  us  from  sleeping.  'J'he  next  morning 
we  arose  before  the  sun,  and  during  breakfast  were  tormented 
24 


1  S()  r  K  <>  N  T  I  i;  K     MISSION  A  U  Y  ;     O  II ,  [1782. 

by  our  iiiiwrNuiiu*  compaiiiDHs  of  tlir  procodiii^  night.  The 
wt'iithtT  was  mnarkiibly  closr  and  niui^iry,  th<;  heavens  over- 
spread with  heavy  i  loads,  the  nioiiniains  and  rivers  covered 
with  stagnant  fogs,  and  all  the  surroiuiding  scenes  of  natnre 
j)resaged  teMijjest  and  thnnder.  Having  |)re|)ared  onr  cattle 
and  hor.sosi,  about  live  we  began  to  move  forward.  At  the 
distance  of  a  mile  from  onr  lodgings  I  was  invited  to  a  chris- 
tening, while  the  carriages  proceeded.  After  the  performance 
of  thi.s  exercise  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Starr,  and  rode  over 
tlie  sandy,  barPMi  |)lains  about  two  miles,  till  I  overtook  onr 
company.  Hy  this  time  the  western  hemisphere  presented  an 
awful  front  of  blackness,  and  solemn  peals  of  thunder  rolled 
along  the  gloomy  arch.  In  a  few  moments,  the  north-west 
wind  began  to  muster  his  ft)rces  and  impelled  the  enormous 
shower  to  approach  with  frightful  rapidity.  Both  earth  and 
heaven  were  instantly  involved  in  clouds  and  darkness,  inter- 
rupted with  llasln's  of  lightning. 

We  were  fortunate  enough  to  reach  a  couple  of  cottages, 
the  only  hal)itations  within  the  extent  of  four  or  five  miles, 
just  as  the  torrents  were  beginning  to  descend.  Mrs.  Bailey 
with  her  children  and  part  of  the  company  took  shelter  in  one, 
while  myself  and  the  remainder  gained  possession  of  the 
other.  It  will  be  needless  to  describe  the  progress  of  the 
tempest,  to  picture  the  furious  driving  of  the  rain,  or  to  present 
to  \o\iT  imagination  the  accumulated  streams,  pouring  down 
the  hills  and  smoking  along  the  valleys  with  impetuous  roar. 
I  found  no  person  in  the  house  except  the  basket  maker's 
daughter,  lately  arrived  from  l^lack  Hall.  A  prettier  face  I 
had  never  beheld  in  the  Provinee,  and  her  behaviour,  notwith- 
standing the  homeliness  of  her  ajiparcl,  was  sullicient  to 
prejudice  a  connoisseur  in  her  favour.  Having  purchased  of 
the  rural  beauty  ba>kets  to  the  ainoimt  of  a  dollar,  and  the 
storm  beginning  to  abate,  we  cpiickly  remounted  and  pushed 
forward  with  as  much  alacrity  as  possible,  the  roads  swimming 
in  water,  the  fragments  of  clouds  dropping  upon  us.  The 
sun  at  length  breaking  out  with  increasing  splendoiir,  the 
company  upon  single  horses  agreed  to  push  for  the  next  stage 
at  the  distance  of  eight  miles.     On  this  occasion  Betsy  Nye, 


17H2.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     lJAII.i;V.  1^7 

who  liad  the  |)reccdln<T  day  lost  her  cloak,  retiiriied  a  Ijorrowcd 
surtout.  But  we  had  no  sooner  entered  the;  vast  plains  to  the 
westward  of  Black  Hall,  the  only  human  residence  between 
the  place  of  our  departure  and  Crocker's,  when  the  face  of 
heaven  began  again  to  scowl  and  wear  a  threatening  aspect, 
and  now  the  waters  burst  in  continued  and  impetuous  showers 
from  the  clouds.  For  five  miles  together  we  were  attended  by 
these  descending  Hoods,  till  we  were  completely  soaked  through 
our  garments  to  the  skin.  Poor  Betsy  on  this  occasion  was 
an  object  both  of  laughter  and  compassion,  her  hat  hanging 
over  each  ear,  the  water  streaming  from  her  disheveleti  hair, 
and  her  clothes  clinging  to  her  lean,  lanky  carcass,  exhibited  a 
j)icture  dismally  romantic,  and,  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  assume 
the  vulgar  dialect,  she  resembled  a  drowned  rat.  About  ten 
we  arrived  in  tiiis  woful  |)ick!e  at  Crocker's,  where  we  dried 
our  clothes  with  the  assistance  of  a  large  fire.  I  r^ullrrcd  great 
anxiety  on  account  of  Mrs.  Bailey  and  the  children,  who  did 
not  appear  till  after  twelve,  but  they  had  found  means  to  tiefend 
themselves  with  blankets  from  the  violence  of  the  weather. 
We  presently  discovered  that  Mrs.  Crocker  was  a  right  notable 
woman,  and,  as  she  claimed  some  distant  cousinshij)  with  me, 
she  was  very  attentive  and  bustling  to  accommodate  us. 
After  a  sociable  dinner  we  parted  with  two  more  of  our 
Cornwallikin  attendants,  and  the  weather  being  line  and 
j)leasant,  proceeded  on  our  journey. 

At  the  distance  of  a  mile  we  passed  by  a  very  elegant  plan- 
tation, which  suddenly  rose  upt)n  us  amidst  the  barren  wilds. 
A  commodious  dwelling  stood  on  the  northern  side  of  the 
road  furnished  with  extensive  fields,  on  the  south  was  a  large 
(irchard  upon  a  gentle  declivity,  sloping  towards  Anna|)i)lis 
river,  which  winded  in  a  slow  ciirrent  through  i)eautifui 
meadows,  forming  a  pretty,  romantic  island  on  the  western 
limits  of  the  prospect.  Beyond  the  river  through  avenues 
which  opened  among  groves  of  tall  trees  we  discovered  several 
habitations  with  adjacent  farms.  The  excessive  rains  had 
swollen  every  inconsiderable  stream  almo.«it  to  the  magnitude 
of  a  river,  but  such  was  the  nature  of  the  soil  that  the  roads 
became  dry  the  moment  the  sun  recovered  its  wonted  splendour. 


188  V  HON  T  I  r  U        MISS!  O  N  A  I?  Y  ;      OR  ,  [1 782. 

We  ji)<,';^'fil  on  I  his  iiftcrnoDii  about  Icn  miles  without  any 
accident  worth  rccordin*^,  when  we  met  a  couple  of  gentlemen 
on  horsehack.  The  eldest  appeared  between  forly-five  and 
fifty,  and  iininediately  aecoste*!  us  with  the  most  solemn 
formality  in  the  rollowin<f  words:  'Fray  inform  nie  wheth<'r 
the  Reverend  Mr.  Hailey,  the  Society's  Missionary  for  Annapolis 
and  (Jranville.  is  in  this  company?'  'J'his  address  was  deliv- 
ered in  a  sh)\v,  niddir.iie  imd  (  ahii  tone  of  voice,  and  when 
he  n'ceived  a  reply  in  tlu^  allirmative,  he  lifted  his  hat  with 
great  deliberation  from  his  head,  and  bowetl  with  the  most 
inflexible  gravity.  I  taki'  notice  of  our  first  introduction  to 
the  presence  of  this  gentleman,  who  is  in  many  respects  a 
singular  and  romantic  character,  because  1  shall  have  frequent 
occasion  to  mention  him  in  my  future  communications.  1 
have  i)arti(ular  reasons  for  concealing  his  name  at  present, 
and  shall  only  remark  that  he  is  a  New  England  man,  a  sturdy 
loyalist,  and  a  recent  convert  to  the  Church.  We  were  soon 
overtaken  by  Mr.  Peter  Pineo,  who  invited  us  to  his  hal/itation, 
eighteen  miles  distant  from  Annapolis,  where  we  all  arrived 
in  good  spirits,  though  not  a  little  fatigued  with  our  journey, 
for  we  had  travelled,  with  all  our  baggage,  fifty-four  miles  in 
two  days.  We  found  Mr.  Pineo  very  friendly  and  obliging, 
and  however  he  may  be  esteemed  vain,  conceited  and  sclf- 
im-portant,  yet  these  shades  in  his  character  are  without  any 
mixtures  of  ill  nature,  insolence,  or  severity,  but  rather  tinctured 
with  benevolence;  and  his  disposition  to  exalt  himself  is 
distinguished  by  acts  of  generosity  and  the  most  hospitable 
exertions.  The  next  morning  we  di.>missed  our  carriages  and 
parted  with  the  remainder  of  our  Cornwallis  friends,  deterudu- 
ing  to  repose  a  little  till  some  means  of  further  conveyance 
shoukl  olTcr.  Mr.  I'inco  sent  an  invitation  to  Mr.  Morse,  ihe 
dissenting  teacher  of  C!ranville,  who  attended  with  his  lady  at 
dinner,  and  at  the  same  time  Mr.  Formality  madi'  his  appear- 
ance with  a  re(piest  to  accompany  hiru  about  five  miles  to  his 
dwelling.  After  a  serious  consultation  it  was  agreed  that  1 
should  oliiciate  the  next  Sunday  at  the  meeting-house,  anti 
upon  other  occasions  when  I  found  myself  disposed  to  perform 
service  at  Ciranville. 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  189 

All  epicure  might  amuse  you  with  an  account  of  the  splen- 
did entertainment  provided  upon  this  occasion,  but  it  is 
suirrcient  to  observe  that  our  repast  was  highly  elegant  and 
luxurious.  As  the  new  convert  to  Episcopacy  and  Mr.  Morse 
were  of  course  at  bitter  enmity,  and  as  the  latter  is  not  very 
remarkable  for  wisdom  or  prudence,  we  had  some  diliiculty 
.to  divert  them  from  disagreeable  altercations.  But  whatever 
deficiencies  a  connoisseur  might  discover  in  the  disposition 
and  conduct  of  the  Parson,  I  am  certain  that  every  one  must 
admire  the  good  sense,  modesty  and  discretion  of  his  wife, 
especially  as  she  has  encountered  misfortunes  sufficient  to 
embitter  her  temper  and  to  render  her  gloomy  and  unsociable. 
The  next  morning,  it  being  the  fourth  day  of  our  journey,  my 
new  friend  attended  us  with  a  team  and  several  horses  to 
convey  both  our  persons  and  baggage  to  his  habitation.  The 
moment  we  had  prepared  for  our  departure  it  began  to  rain 
impetuously,  and  continued  without  intermission  till  six  in  the 
afternoon,  when  a  favourable  appearance  of  fair  weather 
enticed  us  abroad,  but  we  had  not  proceeded  a  mile  before  the 
clouds  began  to  discharge  their  liquid  treasures.  However, 
after  wading  through  water  and  mire  we  arrived  at  Mr. *s 


habitation  about  dark,  wet,  fatigued  and  chilly.  His  wife, 
sister  to  an  intimate  acquaintance  of  mine  in  New  England, 
received  us  like  a  silent,  kind-hearted  country-woman,  and 
with  her  daughters,  gave  us  all  the  friendly  assistance  in  her 
power,  while  the  husband,  standing  upright  in  the  middle  of 
the  room,  straight  as  the  pine  tree  of  Kennebeck,  welcomed 
us  to  his  apartments  in  a  set  and  ceremonious  speech,  delivered 
with  iiis  usual  gravity  and  deliberation. 

It  was  Saturday  evening,  about  nine,  when  we  disposed  of 
ourselves  in  the  habitation  of  Mr.  Formality.  After  tea  and 
prayers  we  were  conducted  into  the  best  apartment  for  repose, 
and  when  the  fifth  morning  of  our  migration  began  to  stain 
the  summits  of  the  mountains  we  arose,  and  conducted  as 
most  other  people  usually  do  on  such  occasions.  When  the 
time  of  Divine  Service  arrived  we  attended.  The  meeting- 
house was  commodious,  and  the  congregation  as  large  as  could 
be  expected  upon  so  little  notice.     The  Parson  and  his  Dca- 


190  FRONTIKK     missionary;     OR,  [1782. 

cons  wi-re  ainoiii^  my  hearers,  and  we  had  several  New  Lights 
to  grace  the  audience.  The  remainder  of  the  day  was  spent 
in  agreeable  conversation  and  in  laying  the  plans  of  onr  future 
operations.  On  the  sixth  day  we  took  a  l)reakfast  with  Mr, 
William  Clark,,  one  ot'  my  Metluxlistieal  |)arishioners,  and 
having  procured  horses  began  to  prepare  for  the  remainder  of 
our  journey,  being  now  about  fonrteen  miles  from  the  town  of. 
Annapolis.  With  considerable  fatigue,  some  danger,  and  a 
profusion  of  mud  we  crossed  the  river  and  landed  in  a  beauti- 
ful meadow  covered  with  tall  grass  and  bounded  with  a  rich 
woodland  pasture. 

Wc  passed  through  an  agreeable  variety  of  rural  scenes 
above  half  a  mile,  till  we  occupied  the  county  road.  About 
eleven  o'clock  we  arrived  at  the  dwelling  of  my  old  friend,  Mr. 
Bass,  brother  to  Parson  Bass,  of  Newbury.  Here  we  met  with 
a  cordial  reception,  and  had  a  very  good  diimer  in  the  priniitivc 
style. 

Figure  to  yourself  a  New  England  farmer  twenty  years  ago, 
about  ten  miles  distant  from  Boston,  able  with  his  own  industry 
to  make  a  comfortable  living,  besides  discharging  his  tax-bill, 
paying  the  midwife,  and  providing  a  plentiful  and  greasy 
dinner  on  Thanksgiving  sulllcient  to  feast  an  hundred  plough- 
men. Produce  such  a  person  to  your  imagination,  and  you 
will  obtain  an  idea  of  Mr.  Bass,  with  this  exception,  that  he 
^exceeds  any  one  you  ever  saw  of  the  above  description,  in 
'loyalty  and  inflexible  honesty,  mingled  with  a  portion  of 
seemingly  accidental  wit,  which  he  scatters  abroad  in  his 
conversation.  J  had  forgot  to  inform  the  gentle  reader  that 
the  ceremonious  gentleman  waited  upon  us  with  great  formality 
to  the  royal  city.  When  we  departed  from  the  hosj)ituble 
mansion  of  Mr.  Bass  this  was  the  form  of  our  j^rocession:  our 
attendant  moved  forward,  pointing  out  the  way,  then  your 
humble  servant  and  his  little  son,  while  Madam,  John  and 
Becky  mounted  upon  the  back  of  another  horse,  conducted 
the  rear.  Wc  halted  in  our  march  at  the  house  of  one  Mr. 
Sanders,  about  five  miles  from  town;  the  man,  a  strict  Church- 
man, and  a  great  friend  to  (iovcrmnent.  His  farm  lies  upon 
the  declivity  of  the  Southern  Mountains,  and  from  his  door 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  191 

you  command  a  very  grand  and  extensive  prospect.  One 
hour  and  a  ([uarter  more  concluded  our  tedious  journey.  It 
wa.s  not  till  after  four  of  the  clock,  in  a  cool  and  most  dcligiit- 
ful  day,  when,  having  passed  through  a  gloomy  wood,  wc 
suddenly  opened  upon  an  extensive  plain  overspread  with  the 
richest  verdure,  ornamented  with  little  groves,  and  beautified 
with  bunches  of  wild  roses,  which  scattered  their  delicious 
fragrance  through  the  air.  After  crossing  this  plain  the 
remainder  of  our  progress  for  the  space  of  a  mile  was  an  easy 
descent  towards  the  north-west,  both  sides  of  the  road  being 
adorned  with  little  fields,  gardens  and  orchards.  Upon  an 
obtuse  point  of  land  formed  by  the  bending  of  the  river,  the 
town  appeared,  rising  amidst  a  forest  of  fruit  trees,  while  the 
lofty  mountains  of  Granville  terminated  the  direct  view."' 

In  a  few  weeks  after  this  removal,  a  son  of  Capt,  Mowatt,* 
who  had  commanded  one  of  the  vessels  of  the  British  navy, 
arrived  at  Annapolis,  being  sent  to  Mr.  Bailey  to  be  educated. 

By  a  comparison  of  dates  it  would  appear  that  Mr.  Bailey 
arrived  at  Annapolis  August  1st,  1782. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  first  letter  which  he  wrote  to 
the  Society  after  his  arrival  in  this  plaec: — 

"  Annapolis,  Oct.  14, 1782. 
"  To  the  Secretary  of  the 

"  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel,  ^-c. 
"Rev.  Sir: — Permit  me,  by  your  assistance,  to  present  the 
following  representations  to  the  Venerable  Society.  About 
three  months  ago  I  removed  with  my  family  from  Cornwallis, 
and  after  a  tedious  journey  of  five  days  arrived  at  Annapolis. 
Gratitude  obliges  me  to  announce  the  kind  and  friendly  treat- 
ment I  received  from  the  inhabitants  of  Cornwallis  during  the 
latter  part  of  my  residence  there.  They  not  only  expressed 
the  highest  regret  at  parting,  but  gave  convincing  evidence  of 
their  aflection  and  esteem.  My  reeeplion  both  here  and  at 
Granville  fully  answered  my  expectations,  but  the  principal 
persons  among  my  hearers  conceive  it  not  to   be  prudent  to 

♦  See  Note  L. 


li)-J  FUoNTiKU    misskinaky;    or,  [1782. 

UTi^p  a  subscription  at  present,  ami  it  is  universally  agreed  that 
the  Mission  has  aljundantly  sullcred  for  want  of  a  resident  min- 
ister. 1;  is  undoubtedly  t)\ving  to  this  that  enthusiasm,  and  if 
possilih'  priniiples  of  a  more  j>ernieious  nature  have  made  such 
a  progrt'ss  in  these  parts.  J  have  the  satisfaction  however  to 
observe  that  the  Ni'W  Pingland  Independents  an;  much  better 
disposed  towards  the  Church  here  than  at  C'ornwaUis.  hi 
continuation  of  this  I  would  l)eg  leave  to  mention  tiiat  yester- 
day I  olliciated  in  a  meeting-house  at  thirteen  miles  distance 
from  the  town,  at  the  united  request  of  the  proprietors,  who  are 
all  Dissenters,  and  both  these  and  the  Presbyterians  of  Granville 
occasionally  attend  our  services,  though  they  have  preachers 
of  their  own.  The  little  town  of  Annapolis  contains  one 
hundred  and  twenty  persons,  all  except  four  or  five  of  the 
Church  of  England.  Several  other  families  of  the  same 
pt'rsuasion  reside  in  the  neighbourhood,  besides  a  considerable 
number  of  French  Roman  Catholics,  (iranville,  it  is  computed, 
has  above  forty  families  of  our  communion.  To  prevent  any 
disagreeable  altercation  with  my  brethren  at  Halifax,  who  had 
unjustly  taken  offence  at  my  appointment.  Col.  Burbidge,  a 
man  of  an  exemplary  character  and  of  ))rime  inllucnce  in  this 
Province,  waited  upon  the  Governor,  with  the  assistance  of 
my  worthy  friend  Dr.  Bylcs,  and  demanded  for  me  the  Chap- 
lainship  of  this  garrison,  but  Sir  Andrew  refused,  alleging  that 
Mr.  Weeks,  the  instant  he  knew  of  my  appointment,  applied 
to  him  and  obtained  it.  I  was  however  encouraged  by  the 
above  gentlemen  to  make  a  direit  application  by  letter  to  the 
Secretary,  who  seems  disposed  to  befriend  m(\  But  the  arrival 
of  (iDvrrnor  Parr,  bct'orc'  my  letters  could  reach  Halifax,  must 
again  defeat  my  endeavors,  as  Mr.  Weeks  is  upon  the  s])ot  to 
renew  his  solicitations,  an  advantage  which  clergymen  who 
reside  in  the  Metropolis  must  always  have  over  their  brethren 
who  live  at  the  distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 
Aufiapolis  is  an  agreeable  situation,  but  I  am  certain  that  I 
cannot  procure  the  necessaries  of  life  for  my  family,  especially 
while  the  war  continues,  unless  I  can  be  indulged  with  the 
Chaplainshij)  of  the  garrison.  The  articles  of  house  rent, 
firing  and  bread,  amount  to  above  X70,  and  though   I  had 


1782.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  193 

during  part  of  my  continuance  at  Cornwallis  the  Deputy  Chap- 
lainship  of  a  regiment,  and  three  rations  of  provisions,  of 
which  I  was  deprived  last  May,  yet  the  expenses  of  my 
removal  have  encroached  upon  my  salary.  In  a  word,  the 
importance  of  the  Mission  and  the  temper  of  the  people  are 
such  that  it  is  requisite  that  the  minister  should  be  able  to 
snp|:)ort  himself  with  decency  and  to  practice  hospitality. 
Suiter  me  to  solicit  the  influence  of  the  Society  in  this  matter, 
and  it  may  be  urged  in  my  favour  that  a  number  of  soldiers 
are  sent  to  reside  in  the  garrison,  which  must  of  necessity 
afford  some  additional  duty.  I  would  likewise  acquaint  the 
Society  that  the  school  at  Annapolis  has  been  supplied  for  a 
year  past  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow,  who  received  his  education 
at  Dartmouth  College,  and  who  was  expelled  from  New 
Etigland  for  his  loyalty.  This  gentleman  may  be  recommended 
for  his  learning,  sobriety  and  good  morals,  to  the  Society's 
favour.  He  gives  universal  satisfaction  to  the  people  and  is 
greatly  beloved  by  the  children,  whom,  with  my  assistance,  he 
catechises  three  times  a  week.  We  humbly  request  that  the 
Society  would  admit  him  for  their  schoolmaster  and  allow 
him  to  draw  for  the  usual  salary.  I  would  beg  leave  further 
to  state  that  either  there  never  was  any  library  given  to  this 
Mission,  or  the  heirs  of  Dr.  Wood  have  disposed  of  the  books. 
If  the  Society  can  favour  me  with  some,  and  send  a  number 
of  Prayer  Books,  and  pious  tracts  to  distribute  among  the 
young  people,  it  will  much  oblige  me." 

A  few  days  after  the  above  letter  was  written,  there  arrived 
at  Annapolis,  from  New  York,  nine  transports,  convoyed  by 
two  men-of-war.  These  transports  contained  live  hundred 
refugees,  persons  of  both  sexes  and  all  ages,  sent  by  the 
British  Government  into  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a 
letter  in  which  he  sj)eaks  of  these  individuals:  "Every  habita- 
tion is  crowded,  and  many  are  unable  to  procure  any  lodgings. 
Many  of  these  distressed  people  left  large  possessions  in  the 
rebellious  colonies,  and  their  suffering  on  account  of  their 
loyalty,  and  their  present  uncertain  and  destitute  condition, 
render  them  very  affecting  objects  of  compassion."  lie  says, 
in  another  letter:  "Many  of  them  arc  people  of  fashion  from 
2d 


\9\  FiioNTii: u     missionary;    ou,  [1783. 

every  I'nniiice  on  the  contincnl,  e\cej)t  Ciiorgia."  I\Tr.  liailcy 
says,  iiiider  date  of  Oct.  '27\]\:  "  I  have  been  busy  in  making 
a  refngee  sermon.  I  drlivereil  ihis  discourse  from  Psahii  evii. 
2d  and  'M  verses,  to  a  very  resj>eetal)le  audience.  Even  the 
Whigs  were  not  unmoved  at  the  representations  of  our 
distresses." 

The  following  is  Mr.  liailry's  first  report  to  the  Venerable 
Society  of  the  condition  of  his  parish  in  the  spring  of 
17s:^  :— 

"  A\.\.\i-oi.is,  April  30th,  1783. 
"  To  Rev.  Wm.  Morice,  t^v;.  iS^'c. 

"  Rkv'd  Sir: — After  presenting  my  hearty  thanks  in  the 
most  res])ectful  manner  to  the  Venerable  Society,  I  woidd  beg 
leave  to  inform  them  that  since  my  last  I  have  baptized  twen- 
ty-five persons,  buried  ten,  and  married  five  couples.  I  admin- 
istered the  Sacrament  on  Christmas  and  Easter,  but  as  the 
weather  on  both  days  was  extremely  unpropitious  for  travel- 
ling, I  had  only  twelve  communicants.  We  have  a  Church 
at  Annajiolis  sixty  feet  long  and  forty  broad,  with  a  ."iteeplc 
and  bell,  but  as  the  outside  only  is  finished  we  cannot  yet 
meet  in  it.  However,  it  is  no  longer  exposed  to  be  destroyed 
by  the  enemy.  I  presume  the  pi'ople  will  do  something  this 
summer  towards  completing  it.  About  Aiurteen  miles  from 
Annapolis  town,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  is  a  glebe  lot  of 
five  himdrcd  acres,  which  rents  for  Hd  /frr  an tnnn :  nuoihrr  7i\ 
Granville,  of  the  same  dimensions,  three  miles  from  Annajwlis, 
is  worth  forty  shillings  a  year.  In  this  town  are  five  or  six 
little  tenements,  occupied  by  jioor  people,  of  whom  I  can  at 
present  exjX'ct  to  receive  little  or  no  rent.  The  remainder  of 
the  parsonage  lot  here,  which  was  given  by  Queen  Anne, 
contains  about  an  acre,  which  I  have  enclosed  for  a  garden  at 
a  considera))le  expense.  We  are  greatly  obliged  to  the  So- 
ciety for  their  assistance  with  regard  to  the  school,  but  as  Mr. 
Snow  has  procured  a  grant  of  land  he  has  resigned  the  school 
to  Mr.  .lohn  INIcNamarra,  a  young  man  who  has  been  educated 
by  me,  and  during  the  course  of  nine  years  he  has  lived  in  my 
family,   ami    shown    liimself   to    be    a    person    of   remarkal)lc 


1783.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  iD-j 

sobriety  and  unshaken  integrity,  for  which  he  has  been  impris- 
oned and  cruelly  treated  while  we  continued  under  the  domin- 
ion of  Congress. 

"  I  have  not  yet  had  opportunity  to  make  any  motion  towards 
obtaining  subscriptions.  Ffty-two  families,  exclusive  of  refu- 
gees, by  a  written  ])aper  in  my  possession,  announce  them- 
selves of  the  Church  of  England,  none  of  whom  have  sub- 
scribed towards  my  support.  Some  of  them  are  sober,  well 
affected  people,  many  of  them  Methodists,  but  I  am  sorry  to 
observe  that  others  are  very  difi'erent  in  their  sentiments  from 
the  little  loyal  town  of  Annapolis.  The  number  of  my  parish- 
ioners will  probably  increase,  as  one  thousand  more  refugees 
are  daily  expected  ;  but  as  the  circumstances  of  those  unfortu- 
nate people  are  truly  wretched  and  deplorable  beyond  all  mod- 
ern example,  no  advantage  can  be  expected  from  them;  their 
necessities,  on  the  contrary,  must  demand  frequent  eftusions  of 
pity  and  beneficence.  These  destitute  and  despised  wander- 
ers, instead  of  increasing  my  emoluments,  must  daily  make 
demands  upon  my  compassion  and  charity." 

The  in  (lux  of  loyalists  from  the  now  independent  Colonies 
continued  to  be  great.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  in  October:  "  Since 
the  commencement  of  this  week  there  have  arrived  at  Annap- 
olis five  ships,  eight  brigs,  and  four  sloops,  besides  schooners, 
with  near  a  thousand  jjeoplc  from"  [New]  "  York.  They  must 
be  turned  on  shore  without  any  shelter  in  this  rugged  season." 
A  letter  written  a  month  later  than  the  foregoing  says:  '•  Fif- 
teen hundred  fugitive  loyalists  are  just  landed  here  from" 
[New]  "  York  in  alfecting  circumstances,  fatigued  with  a  long 
and  stormy  passage,  sickly,  and  destitute  of  shelter  from  the 
advances  of  winter,  which  are  now  conuucncing  in  all  their 
horrors.  For  six  months  past  these  wretched  outcasts  of 
Atuerica  and  Britain  have  been  landing  at  Annapolis,  and  va- 
rious other  parts  of  this  Province." 

To  another  friend  Mr.  Bailey  writes,  with  reference  to  this 
unhappy  class:  "Several  huutlreds  are  stowed  in  our  Church, 
and  larger  numbers  are  still  unprovided  for." 


IIH)  riKlNTIKU     M  ISS  ION  A  U  V  ;     OK,  [1783. 

••  AwAi'oi.is,  Nov.  ()th,  17S3. 
♦'  To  tht    ll>r.   W'm.  Morice,  7).  D.,  Siindiri/,  iSfc.  i\'c. 

'•  Riiv'd  Sir: — IVrmit  me  tt)  hiy  bi'forethe  Venerable  Society 
the  prrsi'iJt  Sfati-  of  this  Mi-sion.  I  Imvc  baptized  siiiee  May 
la.'it  twiiity-fonr  iiifaiit.s  and  one  adult,  and  l)urit'd  ten  |)er.-<ons. 
I  oHiiiate  at  (Jranvillc  once  a  month,  in  a  decent  place 
of  \vt)r^liip,  abont  fourteen  miles  from  .\nnapoli!<.  The  Dis- 
sentern  are  mueii  upon  the  decline,  and  the  only  minister  they 
had  in  this  country,  not  being  able  tt>  fmd  a  .**upport  among 
his  adhenMits,  ha»  di.^jpo.^ed  of  liis  interest,  and  is  about  to  re- 
move to  New  I'iUgland.  Since  my  last,  of  August  l^th,  above 
seventeen  hundred  persons  have  arrived  at  Annapolis,  besides 
the  tifty-sevcMth  ngiment,  in  conse([ucnce  of  which  my  habita- 
tion is  crow«lf(l.  The  Church  has  been  fitted  for  the  reception 
of  several  hundreds,  and  ?iiul!ilud(>s  are  still  without  shelter  in 
this  rigorous  and  stormy  season.  Near  four  hundred  of  these 
miserable  exiles  have  |>erishcd  in  a  violent  storm,  and  1  am 
persuaded  that  disease,  disa|)pointment,  poverty,  and  chagrin, 
will  llnish  the  course  of  many  more  before  the  return  of  an- 
other sj)ring.  So  much  attention  is  recjuired  in  settling  these 
strangers,  that  nothing  of  a  publick  nature  can  be  pursued  1o 
cfTect. 

"This  country,  when  I  removed  to  Annapolis,  contained 
about  fifteen  hundred  souls,  including  French  Roman  C'atho- 
licks.  lietween  three  and  four  thousand  have  since  been 
added,  and  si'vcral  new  settlements  Airuu'd,  so  that  it  will  be 
impossil)le  for  one  minister  to  give  proper  attendance.  House 
rent  is  extravagantly  dear.  A  .^mall  unfmished  apartment 
costs  three  d(»llars  per  week,  and  tlu'  necessaries  of  life  increase 
in  projiortion  to  our  mmibers.  I  am  settling  seventeen  fainilies 
upon  the  glebe  land  in  this  town,  which,  after  another  year, 
may  yield  from  twelve  to  fourteen  Pounds. 

"  The  Governor  has  not  yet  admitted  me  to  tht^  Deputy  Chnp- 
lainshij),  notwithstanding  there  is  no  other  clergyman  to  dis- 
charge the  duties  of  that  place."     •    •    • 

The  following  was  addressed  to  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  I).  I)., 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  and  is  dated  in   November 


17^1.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      UAILKV.  l!)7 

of  this  year:  "  I  will  give  yoii  a  sketch  of  my  progress  in  farm- 
ing. The  best  house  in  Annapolis,  with  two  acres  of  garden 
and  orchard,  cost  me  £20.  I  expended  tJ  10  more  in  lalxuir, 
exclusive  of  my  own.  Beside  supplying  three  families  in  six 
months  with  vegetables,  and  distriljuting  to  distressed  friends 
occasionally,  produce  for  winter  use  amounted  to  ilOO,  one 
half  of  which  was  stole,  so  that  the  remainder  is  just  e(pial  to 
rent  and  expenses." 

From  Mr.  Bailey's  reports  to  tin?  \'enerahle  Society  in  the 
year  1784,  it  seems  that  "  the  Court  House,  every  store  and 
private  building,  being  crowded  with  people,  he  had  been 
obliged  to  perform  Divine  Service  at  several  miles  distance,  or 
in  his  own  habitation." 

The  Church  at  Annapolis  was  opened  for  Divine  Service  for 
the  first  time  on  Easter  day  t)f  this  year.  !Mr.  Bailey  says: 
"Though  the  weather  was  wet  and  stormy,  we  Jiad  a  large 
and  decent  congregation,  which  entH)uragetl  me  \o  hope  that 
peoph*  will  be  more  attentive  to  Public  Worshi]),  now  they 
have  a  room  to  assembli'  in,  for  it  ought  to  be  remembered 
that  at  Annapolis  we  never  had  a  jilace  to  meet  in  sullieient 
to  contain  an  hundred  peoj)le,  for  which  reasons  multitudes 
were  under  the  necessity  of  absenting  themselves."  "  The 
CImrch,  when  finished,  will  contain  five  or  six  hundred  per- 
sons, and  the  new  settlers,  which  by  far  exceed  the  old,  are 
heartily  disposed  to  contribute  towards  its  completion."  In 
his  letter  sent  to  the  Society,  and  dated  October  28th,  178^1, 
Mr.  Bailey  says:  "  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  inform  Ihem  that 
at  Miehai'lmas  a  Vestry  of  the  most  respectable  characters 
were  chosen  according  to  the  institutions  of  this  Province,  that 
I  was  this  day  inducted  by  the  Wardens,  in  conscfpience  of  a 
mandate  of  the  (Jovernor,  and  that  we  hav(^  a  prosjiect  of  es- 
tablishing an  happy  agreement  between  the  old  inhabitants 
and  the  new,  and  of  pursuing  measures  for  the  finishing  of  the 
Church."  lie  speaks  of  his  labours  in  catechising  the  children, 
and  the  very  favourable  results  he  had  witnessed.  Every  Wed- 
nesday was  devoted  to  this  exercise,  preceded  by  Divine  Ser- 
vice, at  Annapolis.  On  other  days  he  visited  the  more  distant 
settlement  for  the  same  purpose.     And  "  one  hundred  children, 


108  FRONT  I  Kit     MISSIoNAKV;     OR,  [1784. 

I'xc-lnsivj'  of  tlmsf  ill  Di^'ln-,  liatl  l«:iriit  tlu'  Cliunli  Catccliism, 
many  of  w  lioiii  wrrr  ilii'  |)o.strrity  of  rigid  Dissenters,  or  of  pa- 
rriits  destitute  of  aiiv  reli^'ions  priiieiples.''  Mr.  I'ormaii,  a 
refugee  aiul  an  lialf-pay  ollieer,  was  at  that  time  the  prineipal 
sclioolmaHter  at  l)ii,'l)y.  Lamenting  thf-  immorality  and  |)ro- 
fligaey  that  prevailed,  arising  from  a  total  disuse  t)f  j)iil)lic 
Worship,  '*  he  assembled  his  pii|)ils  on  Sundays,  performed 
Divine  Serviee,  and  read  a  sermon.  The  schoolmistresses 
quickly  joiiH'd  him  with  their  scholars,  and  in  a  few  weeks  In 
was  attended  l»y  a  crowded  audience,  and  a  visible  alteration 
in  the  conduct  of  the  inhabitants  ensued." 

Mr.  Baili'y  says:  ''  I  reckon   between  thirty  and  forty  com- 
municants at  Annapolis,  and  about  twenty  at  Granville,  but  I 
cannot   ascertain    the   nimiber    at   other    settlements."'     "  The 
Xotitia  of  the  l^iri>li  for  the  last  twelve  months  were: — 
Baptisms,  2()  Marriages,  25  Burials,  28 

57  20  do         2 

83  l.j  :j() 

The  following  are  extracts  from  a  letter  from   Rev.   Samuel 
Parker,  D.  D.,  Boston,  December  1st,  178  I : — 

"  Your  letter  of  September  21st,  arrived  here  when  I  was 
absent  at  Philadel|)hia,  and  it  was  not  till  the  last  of  October 
it  came  to  my  hands.  Two  chests  belonging  to  you  had  pre- 
viously been  brought  up  fidm  Pownalborough,  with  verbal 
orders  to  deliver  them  to  me,  but  no  letter  to  ai-(piaint  iih' 
what  their  contents  were,  or  what  I  was  to  do  with  them. 
•  •  As  you  express  a  desire  to  have  your  sermons  imme- 
diately, I  opened  the  chest  containing  the  papers,  and  iind 
therein  a  parcel  of  papers  jumbled  together  in  as  great  confu- 
sion as  Chaos  itself  could  have  made,  and  the  chest  no  way 
secured.  Among  the  jumbled  heap  some  that  look  like  ser- 
mons, l)nt  much  defaced,  torn,  and  abused,  were  discerned, 
and  I  have  j)icked  out  some  that  look  the  most  entire,  and 
packed  ill  a  small  box,  which  I  commit  to  Mr.  AVorccster's 
care.  •  •  The  contents  of  the  box  will  supply  yom*  ))resent 
need  till  the  others  arrive.  I  had  a  good  mind  to  steal  some 
of  your  sermons,  but    foiiiul   upon   examination   that    I   could 


1784.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  \[i[) 

not  take  more  than  fifteen  minutes  to  deliver  them,  and  rny 
people  always  expect  thirty  minute?,  and,  as  I  must  have  add- 
ed one  half  to  them,  1  thoui^ht  upon  the  \vhole  I  would  not  be 
guilty  of  a  theft,  which  would  inrn  out  to  so  little  advantage. 
If  you  were  not  my  Senior,  I  should  take  it  upon  myself  to 
advise  you  to  exp(Mid  a  little  more  pains  in  writing  your  dis- 
courses, because,  wIhmi  you  nrc  old  you  may  be  obliged  to 
transcribe  for  the  jmrposc;  of  reading  them.  And,  if  they  were 
preserved  with  a  little  more  care,  it  would  be  no  disadvantage. 
I  congratulate  you  on  your  Induction  as  Rector  of  St.  Luke's, 
and  hope  that  your  latter  days  will  be  more  easy  than  the 
former." 

The  correspondence  which  Mr.  Bailey  commenced  on  his 
first  removal  into  the  Province  with  Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  D.  D., 
in  London,  was  still  maintained,  and  in  the  autumn  of  this 
vear  the  former  wrote  to  the  latter  the  followinj;: — 

»  AwAPOMs  RovAi,,  Oct.  31st,  1784. 
"  Rkv.  and  Dear  Sir: — The  long  expected  arrivals  from 
Britain  were  this  day  aimounccd  at  Annapolis,  and  a  friendly 
letter  from  Mr.  Domette  came  into  my  hand  by  some  unknown 
conveyance.  But  I  am  not  indebted  to  your  munificence  for 
any  favours  of  that  nature.  Am  I  destined  to  wander  unno- 
ticed on  the  muddy  banks  of  Toowaubseot,  and  to  furnish  vou 
with  future  anecdotes  of  Nova  Scotia,  unblessed  by  your 
ghostly  benediction?  In  a  word,  I  have  received  no  epistles 
from  you  since  the  beginning  of  last  March.  1  liave  written 
in  the  interval  three  letters,  and  transmitted  a  large  packet, 
containing  a  description  of  this  Province  by  a  Dr.  Turnbnll. 

"Ministers  of  the  Cliurch  of  Hiigland  have  resided  at  Annap- 
olis, with  a  few  interrnptions,  for  near  seventy  years  past  with- 
out any  Wardens  or  V.-stry.  I^it  on  Michaelmas,  the  day 
apjioiiited  I)y  the  laws  c.f  this  Province,  1  was  fortunate 
enough  to  convene  a  respectable  number  of  j)arishioners,  when 
twelve  of  the  principal  inhabitants  were  chosen.  A  letter  of 
induction  was  immediately  procumd  from  the  Governor,  and 
I  was  last  Wednesday  inducted  into  the  Church. 

"  I  am  confident  that  no  Missionary  in  America  has  s<i  dilli- 


'200  riioNTiiiu    MISSION  A  Kv;    OK,  [1784. 

cult  ami  l.il)iirioMs  a  situation  as  mine.  Once  a  nioiidi  T  olli- 
ciute  at  (Jruiivillr,  about  lourtfi'ii  iiiilfs  froni  my  liahitaiion. 
To  efTcct  this  I  ride  about  twelve  milts  on  Saturday,  the  next 
day  proeerd  aln)ut  two  miles  by  water,  and  frecjuently  have 
to  elimb  the  banks  of  the  river  up  to  my  knees  in  mud.  Then, 
after  preaehin^  two  mermons,  catcehisin<^  the  ehildren,  and 
baptizing  a  number  of  infants,  I  return  hoine  on  Sunday  e\' 
ning  by  the  same  route.  My  eon^reifation  at  this  plaie  i> 
between  three  and  four  hundnil.  I  have  made  a  voyai(e  to 
Digby,  about  twenty  miles  below  Annapolis,  where  I  ollieiated 
one  Sunday  and  l)a|)tized  a  numlxT  of  ehildn-n.  At  Aimapo- 
lis  I  prrform  Divine  Service  on  Wednesday,  and  eateeliise  near 
eighty  children.  I  am  visitinic  :>11  the  schools  in  the  country 
for  the  same  purpose,  and  am  iVecpiently  ol)Iii,'i-d  to  ride  twenty 
miles,  besides  crossing  rivers,  to  perform  the  oiliee  of  baptism. 
Besides,  a  regiment  of  soldiers  augment  my  duty,  and,  though 
I  am  not  favoured  with  the  emoluments  ()f  a  chaplain,  human- 
ity o!)liges  lue  to  perform  the  whole  exercises  of  that  ollice, 
while  those  who  grow  opulent  by  these  appointments,  unat- 
tended either  with  labour  or  expense,  reproach  me  with  etii- 
ciousness,  ridicule  my  indigence,  and  pursue  mc  with  the 
most  inuibating  malice.  This  is  highly  provoking  to  a  feeling 
and  benevolent  mind.  I  ciuinot  dctcriiiiiic  how  others  may 
act  in  this  situation,  but  1  caimot  endure  that  the  infant  of  a 
poor  soldier  should  remain  unl)a|)tized,  that  his  ehiKlren  or 
himself  should  be  excluded  from  instruction,  or  that  he  should 
be  committed  to  his  parent  dust  without  Christian  burial.  U 
it  not  a  scandal  to  any  government,  or  rather  ecclesiastical  in- 
stitution, that  a  person  should  enjov  the  profits  of  an  ollice 
without  performing  even  the  minutest  part  of  the  duty  ? 
Though  disappointed  in  my  expectations,  and  deprived  of  my 
just  perquisites,  yet  I  am  happy,  amidst  my  struggles,  to  sup- 
port an  increasing  family  with  decency,  and  in  having  no 
altercations  with  my  people.  It  is  true  that  they  are  a  collec- 
tion of  all  nations,  kindreds,  complexions  and  tongues,  assem- 
bled from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  and  till  lately  equally 
strangc'rs  to  each  other.  This  circumstance  has  prevented  mc 
from  receiving  any  support  from   the  people,  and,  in  fact  both 


1784.]  LIFE     OF     REY.     JACOn     BAILEY.  201 

the  original  inhabitants  and  the  new  iniagint-d,  till  lately,  that 
I  not  only  enjoyed  the  perquisites  of  the  Garrison,  but  had  the 
same  salary  for  Granville  as  for  Annapolis.  The  Wardens 
and  Vestry,  however,  give  some  encouragement  to  expect 
their  assistance,  but  I  derive  small  expectations  from  persons 
engaged  in  expensive  buildings,  and  settling  themselves  in  a 
strange  country,  especially  as  the  finishing  of  the  church  de- 
mands their  immediate  and  liberal  contributions. 

"  Mr.  Wiswall*  paid  us  a  visit  not  long  ago,  with  his  wife 
and  her  youngest  daughter,  and  by  a  letter  just  received  from 
Cornwallis,  I  am  informed  that  he  is  settled  in  the  parsonage 
his  parishioners  have  erected  for  liim.  The  parochial  duties 
of  this  gentleman  are  nothing  when  compared  with  mine. 
His  parishioners  are  few  in  number,  and  the  most  remote  are 
not  more  than  four  miles  from  his  habitation,  and,  if  I  remem- 
ber right,  he  neither  christens  nor  marries,  except  in  Church. 
•  •  *  I  have  received  several  epistles  during  the  summer 
past  from  my  worthy  friend  Mr.  Bass,  of  Newburyport,  who 
was  expelled  the  Society's  service  upon  the  testimony  of 
brother  Weeks.  He  wrote  to  that  gentleman  last  winter,  as 
follows : — 

"'Siii: — I  learn  that  you   have  been  my  accuser  to  the  So- 
ciety, and  beg  it  as  a  favour,  that  you  would  let  me  know  the 
articles  of  the  charge  you   alledged  against  me,  and  the  evi- 
dence you  produced  in  support  of  these  allegations. 
Your  obedient  servant, 

Edward  Bass.' 

"To  which  Mr.  Weeks  returned  this  answer: — 

"  '  Rhv'd  Sir: — I  iiad  a  line  from  you  a  few  days  ago.  If 
you  think  so  meanly  of  me  as  that  I  shouKi  iiirn  accuser,  or  so 
highly  of  me  as  that  I  shoukl  have  more  credit  with  the  So- 
ciety than  yourself,  you  greatly  wrong  me.  I  assure  you  I 
am  not  admitted  to  any  of  their  secrets. 
I  am,  Sir, 

Your  humble  servant, 

J.     WiNGATE     WhEKS.' 

•  Rev.  John  Wiswall,  fonnerly  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church  in  Falmouth,  now 
Portland,  Maine. 

26 


202  1"  K  <>  N  r  1 1;  u    m  i  ^^  s  i  o  n  a  u  y  ;    o  u ,         [1  TSo. 

"  Mr.  HisN  iiitri-at-  lliat  this  \cHvr  may  be  sIidwii  to  Dr. 
Miiriic. 

"  I  iiiitlcrslaiul  that  I'arsoii  Walter  li:is  arrivfd  at  Halifax,  in 
tlu'  i|uality  <»f  a  D.  H.  What  is  your  opinion  of  this  <^(iiti('- 
ninn  ?  'Vhc  hi(li«'S  who  cmi^rattMl  from  York  to  Annapolis 
n*prol>at«'  hitn  as  a  ft)p  and  coxconil),  and  allirni  that  his  whoir 
attention  is  ;»ivrii  to  dress,  balls,  asseMii)lies,  and  plays. 

"  IJut  it  is  the  fate  of  us  elerjjymen  to  be  cen.sured.  If  we 
are  grave,  and  a.ssume  a  little  dignity,  we  are  still,  formal,  and 
proud;  if  we  are  free,  oi)en,  and  sociable,  we  are  accused  of 
levity.  If  we,  or  our  families,  arc  attentive  to  make  a  fashion- 
able appearance,  we  are  fopj)ish,  extravagant,  and  slavi's  to 
the  mode;  if  careless  of  dress  we  are  slovens.  So  it  was  in 
ancient  days.  .John,  the  son  of  /acharias,  who  appeared  as 
unadorned  as  a  .Micmae  of  \ova  Scotia,  and  who  rciccted  tin- 
delicacies  of  a|)|n'tite,  was  accused  of  holding  an  intima:' 
corres|)ondence  with  the  Devil.  While  his  Divine  Masti  r, 
who  pursued  a  dillerent  conduct,  was  blackened  as  a  glutton, 
a  guzzler  of  wine,  and  as  a  friend  to  harlots  and  Custotu  House 
ollicers,  the  aversion  of  Jews  and  American  smugglers. 

"  November  Ath. — That  you  may  foriri  some  idea  of  my  pa- 
rochial situation  and  fatigues,  I  will  inforiu  you  that  I  was 
obliged  this  day  to  ride  twelve  miles  through  mire,  near  a  foot 
deep,  to  marry  a  couple.  But  when  I  arrived  at  the  destined 
spot,  bflu)ld,  there  was  no  boat  to  cross  the  river.  After  hold- 
ing a  conversation  a  few  minntrs  fri)m  thr  op|)ositt;  l)ank-. 
behold  Hymen  grew  angry,  the  lovers  were  greivously  disaj)- 
pointed,  and  your  humble  servant  was  under  a  necessity  of 
returning  home  without  his  fee  thiough  the  same  muddy  road. 
Hark  I  A  heavy  rapping  at  the  dot)rI  'A  gentleman  an<l 
lady  want  to  speak  with  you.'  Let  them  walk  in.  The  same 
couple,  now  made  happy.  To-morrow  1  must  travel  the  same 
road  to  bury  a  Jutlge,  who  fell  a  sacrifice  to  all  powerful  rum, 
which  in  this  coimtry,  like  death,  levels  all  distinctions." 

This  letter  brought  a  rather  painfully  characteristic  reply 
from  Dr.  Peters,  Pimlico,  I'djruary  'J"J,  l/Sf),  from  which  tlin 
following  is  extracted  : — 

"  Your  favour  of  Octob.  31,  1784,  reached  me  Jan'y  7th,  for 


17*^5.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  203 

which  I  thank  you,  although  you  must  have  some  villains  at 
Halifax,  who  intercept  my  letters,  which  have  been  two  for 
one  I  have  received  from  you.  This,  I  ho|ie,  will  reach  you 
by  the  grace  of  Dr.  Seabury,  now  the  Right  Reverend  Father 
in  God,  by  Divine  permission  Bishop  of  Connecticut,  conse- 
crated by  the  Non-juring  Bishops  of  the  antient  and  primitive 
Church  of  Scotland,  who  lost  their  patrimony  and  church  tem- 
poralities. Anno  1688,  for  adhering  to  their  oaths  and  being 
loyal  to  James  II.  Such  honor  have  you  and  all  good  saints. 
"The  Bishop  will  wait  on  you  and  give  you  his  benediction, 
of  more  value  than  mine  and  twenty-six  Right  Reverend  Lord 
Bishops.  His  certificate  willbe  of  great  service  to  you  at  St. 
Peter's  gate,  who  will  admit  you  at  sight  of  it  into  Heaven, 
without  touching  at  Purgatory,  because  you  have  resided 
in  Nova  Scotia  nine  years,  which  must  have  j^urged  and 
sweated  you  more  than  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  tlays 
could  have  done  in  the  Pojie's  l^rison.  -  •  ♦  Your  congre- 
gation seems  to  be  composed  of  Medes,  Parthians,  and  Cre- 
tans. One  has  told  me  that  you  let  out  lots  on  the  glelx'  at 
£S  per  auninn,  to  the  amount  of  £800  per  annum.  The  So- 
ciety expect  that  Granville  should  handsomely  contribute  to 
your  support,  as  well  as  where  you  reside.  If  Granville  omit- 
ted" [to  do  this]  "  my  advice  is,  that  you  abide  wholly  at  An- 
napolis. Your  labours  are  truly  hard,  and  your  reward  is  in 
Heaven  along  with  our  curates  here,  who  bury  seven  in  a  day, 
christen  ten  to  fifteen  out  and  in  the  Church,  marry  from  three 
to  seven  couple  per  day,  visit  six  or  seven  jiersons  l>y  night 
and  by  day,  read  and  preach  three  times  on  each  Sunday,  and 
all  for  £40  to  .£4-')  per  annum.  •  •  Your  observations 
concerning  the  censure  of  the  world,  which  commonly  falls  on 
the  Clergy,  is  too  true.  A  clean,  fashionable  appearance  is 
part  of  virtue  and  part  of  Christianity.  A  clergyman  here  had 
better  be  guilty  of  grossly  immoral  and  scandalous  jiractiees 
than  wear  a  dirty  shirt,  long  nails,  dirty  hands,  and  a  long 
beard;  for  this  crime  alone  Mr.  Lyon,  on  Long  Island,  was 
dismissed  the  Society's  service.  I  have  laid  Mr.  Bass's  letter 
and  its  answer  before  the  Secretary.  The  ansvrr  of  Mr. 
Weeks  is  mean  and  vile.     Mr.  Bass's  letters,  l)y  Air.  Tracey, 


204  rit()NTii:u    MISS  I  ON  All  y;    ou,  [1785, 

have  hci'M  coiisidrrid.  'I'lir  result  is  not  to  his  benefit.  Mr. 
Buss  was  ruiiu'il  lirrr  l)V  |)co|»lt'  of  his  own  Proviiici*  and  |)ro- 
fession,  and  not  l>)  l>i.  (;;ir<iin<T  or  Col.  Frye.  Mr.  Hass 
employed  as  his  advocate  Mr.  Hale,  and  siieh  as  hear  dul)ious 
churaeters,  and  never  vinilieated  himself  in  proper  tittie.  1  am 
»orrv  for  Mr.  lla^-s,  but  if  he  will  move  to  a  mis>ion  in  .\t>va 
Seotia,  1  will  be  his  advoiate,  and  will  .sueceed,  provided  it 
remains  a  secret  to  all  but  him,  you,  and 

Your  faithful 

S.    PF/i'HRS." 

To  this  letter  Mr.  Iv.iili  y  replied  as  follows: — 

"  Annatoi-is  Rt)VAL,  April  *J9,  i7>';. 
*'  Ti>  (he  Rev.  Mr.  Stimucl  Peters., 

"  London,  Great  Britain. 

"Dkar  Sir: — I  have  in  possession  your  l(;(ter  of  February 
22d,  and  last  evenincf  I  waited  upon  the  Right  Reverend 
I'ather,  in  whose  presence  I  appeared  as  a  dwarf  alongside  of 
a  giant. 

'•  I  am  not  yet  sulliciently  acquainted  with  this  dignified 
character  to  venture  any  remarks. 

"  If  mv  comtuunications  are  not  so  fre(|uent  as  yours,  they 
certainly  exceed  in  cpiantity  beyond  all  proportion.  I  (tbserve 
with  extreme  concern  and  vexation  that  some  designing, 
malicious  and  lying  villain,  either  in  the  singular  or  plural 
number,  has  been  very  busy  in  contriving  to  injure  me  in  your 
opinion. 

"  A.S  to  the  atVair  of  the  glebes,  I  will  give  you  an  exact 
account  of  the  matter.  There  is  in  Annapolis  town  an  acre 
and  a  (juarter  of  land,  formerly  the  Romish  glebe,  but  after 
the  conquest,  confirmed  by  C^ueen  Anne  to  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. Another  glebe  lies  at  fourteen  miles  distance  from  the 
town  which  has  rented  for  six  pt)unds;  a  third,  almost  contigu- 
ous, containing  two  hundred  and  eighty-eight  acres,  in  a 
wilderness  situation;  with  another  at  Ciranville.  These  lota 
together  rent  for  twenty-seven  pounds,  but  some  of  these 
tenants  are  unwilling  and  others  unable  to  pay,  and   I   have 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     15  A I  LEY.  '205 

hitherto  received  more  trouble  in  settling  these  alFuirs  than 
profit.  And  I  am  informed  from  good  authority  that  Dr. 
Breynton  and  Mr.  Weeks  chiim  the  glebe  in  Annapolis  as  a 
perquisite  to  the  garrison,  and  that  rents;  for  double  the  sum 
of  the  others. 

"I  must  acknowledge  that  I  received  an  anoiiyiiKMis  h-iicr, 
with  redections  etjually  severe  and  untrue.  Your  comparison 
drawn  so  keenly  between  me  and  Mr.  Lyon,  excited  at  once 
my  resentment  and  curiosity,  and  knowing  that  several  Long 
Island  people  resided  in  this  town  I  immediately  rcj^aired  to 
company  in  which  were  two  gentlemen  and  as  many  ladies  of 
the  most  unexceptionable  and  worthy  characters.  Without 
hinting  at  the  letter  I  had  received,  1  inquired  into  the  charac- 
ter of  Mr.  Lyon,  to  which  incjuiry  was  returned  the  following 
answer:  'That  they  were  intimately  acquainted  with  the  man 
and  his  circumstances;  that  he  was  a  gentleman  of  sense,  but 
illnatured  and  avaricious  to  a  supreine  degree.  The  former 
appeared  in  the  cruel  treatment  of  his  wife,  a  woman  of  the 
first  family  in  that  |)art  of  the  country,  and  in  his  re[>airing  to 
taverns  an  other  jilaces  of  pul^lic  resort  to  dispute,  wrangle 
and  fight  with  his  neighbours.  Anil  as  to  his  covetousness, 
though  he  possessed  an  ample  estate,  he  denied  himself  and 
family  necessary  food  and  clothing.  His  house  was  |)ermitted 
to  tumble  into  ruins,  rather  than  anything  should  be  expended 
in  rej)airs,  and  his  children  for  the  same  reason  were  shame- 
fully neglected,  and  no  culture  afforded  either  to  their  bodies 
or  their  minds.'  And  though  the  removal  which  you  mention 
was  probably  the  consequence  of  his  sordid  avarice,  yet  the 
above  crimes,  my  informants  declare,  were  exhibited  in  a  formal 
complaint  by  his  wardens  and  j)rincipal  parishioners.  Now 
with  regard  to  severity,  a  covetous  disposition,  tavern  hunting 
and  drunkenness,  I  am  willing  to  stanil  the  strictest  scrutiny 
of  my  most  malicious  enemies.  As  to  your  observations  on 
dress,  cleanliness,  (Sjc,  it  must  l)e  mortifying  to  the  last  degree, 
and  dee|)Iy  wound  the  sensibility  of  a  feeling  and  generous 
mind  to  be  under  a  necessity  of  exculpating  himself,  even  to 
his  dearest  friend,  or  of  touching  upon  so  delicate  a  subject. 
Every  one  of  our  accpiaintanec  will  acknowledge  that  in  dress 


200  lUONTlKR    missionaky;    ou,  [1785. 

and  liD'^pitality  wo  cxrocd  our  circiunstancos.  Our  ncicp  and 
childrrn  iiiako  as  good  an  appearance  as  any  of  their  ago,  and 
my  wife  would  be  ofTonded  if  represented  deficient  in  point  of 
neatness  and  elegance. 

"  As  to  myself,  though  always  obliged  to  olliciate  twice  an<l 
often  three  times  a  we<*k,  besides  distant  excursions,  yet  I  nev. 
appear  without  shaving  and  clean  linen.  And  even  when  I 
am  going  to  catechise?  the  children  I  s»'ldom  or  never  omit  to 
Wear  mv  habit,  two  or  three  changes  of  which  I  have  in  gcxxl 
condition,  fitted  for  the  diHV'rent  seasons.  It  is  true  that  when 
I  perform  at  fJranville,  the  sixirts  of  my  garments  are  frequently 
tinged  with  the  ooze  of  Toowaubscot,  and  my  .><hoes  tliscthliged 
by  the  uuid,  but  my  face  and  hands  generally  escape  the 
contagion.  Pcrha|)s  you  may  iiKiiiire:  '  Why  do  you  dross 
before  you  arrive  at  Ciranviller  Because  nt)  family  within 
miles  of  the  eliurch  have  invited  me  to  the  freedom  of  their 
house,  and  my  friend  l^ass,  who  lives  nearly  opposite,  gives 
me  a  uu)st  hearty  welcome.  I  will  mention  another  circum- 
stance. Besides  shaving  myself  two  or  three  times  a  week.  I 
pay  a  barber  one  shilling  a  week  for  keeping  my  head  in 
proper  repair.  I  intreat  you  not  to  mistake  mo.  I  acknowl- 
edge with  gratitufle  your  kindness  and  friendship  in  giving  me 
these  hints. 

"  I  must  remark  upon  whar  you  mention  respecting  Granville, 
that  I  have  received  very  ill  treatment  from  many  of  its 
inhal)itants.  It  was  m-ver  jirobable  that  I  should  please  some 
of  their  leading  men,  who  admired  Fisher,  a  professed  Socinian 
and  RejMiblican.  However,  my  services,  though  I  olliciate  liut 
one  Sun<l:iy  in  a  month,  are  much  harder  than  at  Aimajiolis. 
I  am  frcfjuently  called  upon  to  attend  funerals,  lectures  and 
christenings,  and  yet  have  never  received  anything  from  that 
people,  (one  person  excepted,)  by  way  of  subscription,  contri- 
bution, or  presents.  I  am  obliged  to  find  my  own  horse, 
attendants  and  ferriage.  One  man,  however,  has  lately  olfered 
me  the  use  of  his  horse.  But  not  contented  with  this,  a 
number  both  of  the  old  mul  new  inhabitants  assembled  in 
town  meeting,  and,  directly  contrary  to  the  standing  laws  of 
this  Province,  voted  to  take  away  from  me  the  glebe,  which  I 


1785.]  LIFE     OF      REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  207 

hatl  rented  for  forty  shillings  sterling  per  aniniin,  though  it  had 
been  in  the  |)osscs<i()n  of  the  Society's  Missionary  for  twenty 
years.  Their  j)retenee  is  that  Iain  minister  only  for  Annapo- 
lis, and  they  have  proceeded  to  rent  it  out  for  five  years,  I 
am  sensible  that  this  violent  and  illegal  measure  has  not  the 
approbation  of  the  major  part,  among  either  Church  pet)|)le  or 
Dissenters.  Two  justices  of  each  j)rofession  are  warm  in  my 
favour.  We  have  received  directions  from  my  worthy  friend 
Col.  Burbidge,  of  Coruwallis,  a  member  of  the  Society,  to 
bring  it  before  the  Supreme  Court,  and  our  wardens  are  deter- 
mined to  support  my  claim.  It  is  impossiljle  for  a  place  to 
be  more  divided  in  religious  sentiment  than  (iranville.  I 
suj)pose  that  there  may  be  about  four  Hundred  families  now, 
near  half  of  which  reckon  themselves  to  be  members  of  the 
Church  of  England,  though  subdivided  into  Deists,  Socinians, 
Methodists  and  Whitefieldites.  The  remainder  are  Lutherans, 
Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Seceders,  Congregationalists,  Ana- 
baptists, (Quakers,  Everything-arians,  Mystics  and  New  Lights. 
A  number  of  illiterate  and  drunken  teachers  are  daily  following 
each  other  in  rapid  succession,  like  waves  of  the  Atlantic,  the 
last  of  which  always  eclipses  the  glory  of  his  predecessors. 

"  I  am  at  this  moment  informed  that  a  i)rincipal  gentleman  at 
Digby  is  assured  by  letters  from  London  that  the  Society  are 
determined  to  establii,h  a  Mission  there,  i)ut  that  no  suitable 
person  has  yet  offered.  I  heartily  wi.-li  that  our  fririid  l>.iss, 
might  be  admitted,  since;  I  am  persuaded  he  would  acrcj)! 
it  with  the  utmost  cheerfulness  and  gratitude." 

In  his  report  to  the  Society  sent  in  the  spring  of  this  year, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  he  had  "ollieiated  twice  every  Sunday  since 
his  last,  and  continued  to  perform  Divine  Service,  and  catechise 
the  children  on  Wednesdays,  without  a  single  exception." 
•  "  Baptisms,  since  October,  forty;  that  is,  thirty-seven  in- 
fants and  three  adults — one  negro  man;  a  gentleman  of 
distinction  near  sixty  years  of  age;  and  the  father  of  several 
children.  I  cannot  be  exact  as  to  the  number  of  communicants 
since  the  inhabitants  arc  yet  unsettled,  two  persons,  however,  of 
advanced    age  were  admitted  at  Easter."      lb-   rehr-   to  the 


'2i)S  1  K (IN  11  I  II     missionary;    or,  [17S;5. 

stuteiDcnt  tliat  In-  liutl  r«'iitt'<l  <i\v\)i'  laiuls  to  llic  amount  of 
X800  per  amiiiiii.  'I'liis  statcnH'iit  had  first  bi'on  coinimiiii- 
catnl  to  .Mr.  Hailry  in  \ho  li'ttt-r  of  Dr.  Peters  which  has  been 
quoted.  He  now  says  that  Jii>ho|)  Seabury  when  at  Annapolis 
inforincd  him  that  he  had  heard  a  lilie  report.  Mr.  Bailey  ^ivcs 
the  real  facts  ifi  the  ease  in  nearly  the  same  lanijuage  in  which 
he  had  stated  them  in  his  letter  to  Dr.  Peters.  The  diversion 
of  the  i^lebe  lands  in  Cornwallis  to  the  use  of  the  j)()or,  and 
Mr.  Bailey's  action  in  eonsecpience,  are  mentioned  as  in  the 
letter  nami'd.  He  also  says  that  "  illiterate  preachers,  who  style 
themselves  Presbyters  of  the  American  Church,  have  been  for 
several  months  past  travelling  through  the  country,  preaching, 
administering  the  sacraments,  and  marrying  persons  they  have 
sell  need.  'J'licir  success  is  the  greater  because  they  profess  to 
adhere  to  the  liturgy  and  usages  of  the  Church  of  England." 
Mr.  Bailey's  report  to  the  Society  in  the  autumn  of  this 
year  is  as  ft)IKnvs: — 

"  Annapolis  Royal,  Oct.  28,  1780. 
"  T(i  thr  Ifrr.  Dr.  JTorire,  Serntanj  to  the  Socictj/, 
"  Ilaltun  Garden^  London,  Great  Britain. 

"  Rkvrrknd  Siii: — Permit  me  to  address  the  Venerable 
Society  with  the  following  information. 

"  The  iidiabitants  of  this  county,  consisting  of  various  nations 
and  characters,  are  more  settled  than  at  their  first  arrival.  A 
spirit  of  industry  jinvails  among  the  emigrants,  and  finding 
that  winter  wheat  succeeds  bt*yond  expectation  upon  new 
lands,  they  are  making  rapid  improvements,  and,  of  course, 
that  dissipation  ami  vicious  excess  which  was  contracted 
during  the  rage  of  civil  discord,  will,  it  is  ho|)ed,  (piickly 
expire.  TlH'ir  attention  to  religion,  order,  and  the  education 
of  childrtii  increases,  and  the  happy  ellects  of  instruction 
appear  where  regular  schools  are  supported,  especially  at 
Annapolis,  where  constant  attendance  is  given  for  their  im- 
provement. .\m(I  I  cannot  do  justice  to  Mr.  McNamarra, 
without  allirming  that  there  is  not  a  better  regulated  school  in 
America  than  his. 

"Our  church  still  remains  unfinished,  as  the  ancient  inhabi- 


1785.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  209 

tants  and  the  new  settlers  cannot  yet  ap^ree,  thoiigli  tlii-re  is 
som(!  prospect  that  their  disputes  may  have  a  favourable 
termination. 

"  The  Vestry  have  lately  given  me  twenty  cords  of  wood, 
the  first  donation,  either  public  or  private,  I  have  received  from 
the  people,  and  for  this  indulgence  I  am  chiefly  obliged  to  the 
late  comers.  The  old  inhabitants  in  general  are  very  unwilling 
to  contribute  towards  the  support  of  a  minister,  notwithsliind- 
ing,  it  must  be  confessed  that  their  ability  is  greater,  since 
they  have  enriched  themselves  by  selling  their  produce,  by 
no  means  at  a  moderate  price,  to  these  unfortunate  adven- 
turers. 

"  My  Notitia  is  as  follows,  since  the  beginning  of  May :  three 
new  communicants;  baptisms,  fifty-one;  burials,  exclusive  of 
the  garrison,  two;  marriages,  since  June, only  one,  since  roving 
preachers  of  various  denominations  have  taken  the  liberty  to 
perform  this  important  rite  without  license  or  publication. 
And  though  prohibited  by  an  express  law  of  the  Province, 
under  a  penalty  of  fifty  pounds  for  every  ofTence,  yet  they 
pretend  tliat  the  Governor  has  given  them  permission.  As  I 
have  the  fullest  evidence  that  a  Mr.  Renkin,  whom  I  never  saw 
but  onee,  has,  without  any  visible  inducement,  misrepresented 
my  affairs  to  the  Society,  I  would  humbly  re(]uest  their  atten- 
tion to  a  concise  representation  of  my  circumstances.  I  came 
to  this  Province  with  a  family:  destitute  of  money,  clothing 
antl  rnriiiture.  I  had  then  to  draw  upon  the  Society  f<>r  two 
hundred  pounds  sterling,  near  half  of  which  I  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  lose  by  the  failure  of  a  merchant  in  whose  hands  it 
was  deposited.  At  C'ornwallis,  it  being  a  country  town  and 
the  peojile  generous,  I  was  able  to  live  without  exceeding  my 
income.  But  when  I  arrived  at  Aimapolis  I  found  it  impos- 
sible to  support  my  character  with  so  little  expense. 

"Dr.  Wood  had  lived  in  alllueiue  and  splendojir,  and  it  was 
expected  that  1  should  make  the  same  appearance  upon  the  fifth 
part  of  his  emoluments,  the  extravagant  prices  of  netessarics 
considered.  About  thre(>  months  after  my  settlement  here  the 
emigration  of  thousands  in  distress  commenced,  which  neces- 
sarily raised  in  proportion  every  article  of  subsistence,  except 
27 


•JlU  luoNTiKU    missionary;    or,  [1786. 

pork  and  lUmr.  The  assistance  which  these  sulVerers  demand- 
ed from  the  hiiinniic  by  no  tniMiis  trndi'd  to  increase  my  pcr- 
(juisitcs. 

" 'I'licrr  is  no  parsonage  house  in  the  Mission,  and  1  atn 
oblii,'cd  tit  pay  thirty  jtoniids  rent  ft^r  my  present  habitati  n 
anil  garden,  which  with  linl,  horse-keepini,'  and  a  servant,  leave 
a  very  scanty  subsistence  l\)r  my  family.  I  have  always 
induli^'cd  e\j»ectations  of  reci'iving  some  emoluments  from  the 
garrison,  lint  after  having  pcrformeil  the  duty  with  punctu- 
ality for  more  than  three  years,  I  have  reaped  no  advanta<:' 
and  the  gentleman  at  Halifax,  who  enjoys  the  profit,  has  never 
once  olliciatcd  here,  nor  even  condescended  to  thank  me  for  my 
assistance,  and  he  even  pretends  that  the  glebe  at  Aimapolis 
belongs  to  him  as  Chaplain." 

In  his  semi-annual  report  to  the  Society  in  May,  1786,  Mr. 
Bailey  gives  the  following  statistics  of  his  Mission  : — 

"Baptisms  in  the  last  half  year:  32  infants,  8  adults,  (of 
which  four  were  black  persons,) — 10.  Burials  four,  two  whites 
and  two  blacks.     Three  new  communicants.'' 

The  alVair  of  glebe  lands,  belonging  to  the  Mission,  is  again 
treated  at  considerable  length. 

In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters,  Mr.  Bailey  speaks  of  the  attem 
of  some  persons  in  the  town   of  CJranville  to  divert  the  glebe 
lands  there  loathe  support  of  the  poor.     He  now  repeats   hi? 
acct^UMt  t)f  thai  traiisaciion  and  says:   "Buta  man  of  resolutioi 
aj)p<  arinir.  1  gave   him   a   lease  at  three   pounds  currency  per 
annum,  and  the  town   of  (Jranville   unanimously   refusing  to 
support  the  said  committee,  1  have  acijuired  possession  withoii 
the    expense    of   a   law-suit."      .      .     '•  U|)on    the   whole,   th 
present  income  <»f  the  glebes  is  as  follows: — 

Currcnov.  StorlInK- 

(Iranviil.-,  X  3    0    0  £2U    0 

Annapolis  10    0    0  9    0    0 

CiueenAnne  20    6    0  18    4    (5 

X'^S    0    0  £29  ly    6 


1780.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB      BAILEY.  'Jll 

"Permit  me  once  more  to  repeat  that  it  still  remains  umle- 
cided  whether  Queen  Anne's  glebe  belongs  to  the  Missionary, 
or  the  Deputy  Chaplain  of  the  garrison,  since  Dr.  Wood,  and 
others,  served  in  both  of  these  capacities.  The  records  of  An- 
napolis, if  any  were  kept,  with  the  plate  and  furniture  given  to 
the  Church  by  Queen  Anne  were  removed  to  Halifax  by  order 
of  Governor  Lawrence.  *  *  All  that  can  be  obtained  with 
regard  to  this  matter  is,  from  authentic  tradition,  that  this  land 
belonged,  before  the  con([uest,  to  the  Romisli  priest,  and  that 
Queen  Anne  assigned  it  to  the  Protestant  minister  of  the 
English  Church.  «  »  *  *  I  must  submit  to  the  pleasure 
of  the  Society,  but  if  they  should  speedily  lessen  my  salary, 
it  will  greatly  distress  one  who  has  for  twenty-six  years  faitii- 
fuUy  served  them,  His  Majesty,  and  the  Church,  in  situations 
peculiarly  diflicult  and  ofteti  extremely  dangerous.  And  allow 
me  to  observe  that  the  other  Missionaries  whose  salaries  are 
curtailed  are  all  Chaplains  on  half  pay,  and  that  their  situa- 
tions are  less  expensive  than  mine;  for  the  garrison,  the  Courts 
of  Justice,  and  the  Packets  between  the  two  Provinces,  are  all 
circumstances  which  not  only  render  the  entertainment  of 
company  unavoidable,  but  in  so  small  a  town  as  Annapolis, 
raise  the  price  of  provisions." 

Mr.  Bailey  had  received  a  suggestion  from  a  friend  in  London 
that  his  sti|)end  from  the  Society  was  to  be  reduced.  This 
occasioned  the  observations  in  the  concluding  paragraph  of 
the  above  letter. 

The  next  communication  from  the  Sec-retary  conliriiied  his 
fears.  From  its  date  it  could  not  have  i:)een  rcci-ivcd  wlu-n  Mr. 
Bailey  transmitted  the  above  ([uoted  half-yearly  re|)ort. 

Dr.  Morice  says,  in  his  letter:  "The  Society  have  lowered 
your  salary  ten  pounds  a  year,  to  bring  it  more  upon  a  level 
with  the  salaries  of  their  other  Missionaries,  agreeably  to  the 
plan  which  they  adopted  last  year,  and  of  which  I  gave  you 
some  intimation  in  my  last  letter.  To  a  person  so  well 
esteemed  by  the  Society,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  assure  you, 
that  it  is  not  from  any  disapprobation  of  your  services  and 
conduct,  which,  they  wish  w«'n>  as  well  regarded  and  rewarded 
by  your  own  people.     This  dimiimtion  of  the  Society's  bounty 


212  FKiiNlIlK      \I  I  N  ^  1  <»  N  A  K  V   ;      OR,  [17H7. 

ought  ti)  l)(*  ail  incitriiu'iit  to  yixir  coii^rfgalioii  to  tlo  more 
for  you,  ninl,  iiuifcd,  to  fiillil  those  ol)Ii^':itioiis  to  whirh  they 
nrr  h»)uii(l  ill  foiiuiion  with  other  Missions. 

••  Mr.  Vifts,  of  Siiiishury,  is  a|)i)(»iiii((l  to  Digby,  and,  if  ho 
it<  iu»l  yi'l  arrived,  I  would  reeoiuiiiend  him  ti)  your  iiotiee  and 
assistanee." 

In  Mr.  Haih'v's  h-tter  to  the  Society,  dated  Nov.  (i,  1786, 
occurs  the  following  ))assage:  "  I  have  given  constant  attention 
to  the  duties  of  my  Mission,  amidst  many  dillicnlties  and 
di.Heouragenienls.  I  am  haj)py,  however,  in  having  so  indus- 
trious and  good  a  neighbour,  as  the  Rev.  Mr.  Viets.  lie  is 
very  acceptable  to  the  jieople  at  Digby  and  the  adjacent  set- 
tlements. Since  the  tenth  of  May  I  have  baptized  lifly-six 
persons,  four  of  whom  are  aduhs.  liurials,  only  four,  and 
for  three  years  past  the  proportion  of  tlie  former  to  rhe  latter 
has  been  lu'arly  as  twelve  to  one.  •  •  •  Although  I  sub- 
mit without  rej)iiiing  to  the  decisions  of  the  Society,  the 
reduction  of  my  salary  has  greatly  embarrassed  me,  esj)ecially 
as  I  could  not,  with  the  utmost  prudence  and  economy,  avoid 
being  somewhat  involved  in  my  circumstances,  before  that 
event  tot)k  place." 

"Annapolis   RovaV,  Jan.  2i).  17S7. 

«  To  Mr.    T /; . 

"•  .1  |)rrsume  tliat  you  eaniiot  be  oliend«'d  at  my  applica- 
tion by .  If  you  fully  uiulerstood  my  necessities,  I  am  con- 
fident you  would,  if  possible,  afford  me  some  assistance.  Could 
I  havi'  su|)p()rted  my  family  without  running  deeply  into  debt, 
I  W(^)uKl  never  have  troubleil  you  with  any  solicitation.  Hut 
what  can  1  do,  unjustly  deprived  of  the  Chaj)lainship.  and 
curtailed  in  my  salary,  \\  ith  an  helpless  family,  in  a  very  expen- 
sive .»<ituation?  Indeed  it  is  with  the  utmost  dilliculty  we  are 
able  to  procure  the  bare  necessaries  of  life.  We  arc  obliged  to 
suffer  almost  the  same  excess  of  poverty  as  at  Kennebeck, 
during  the  day  of  rebellion.  But  this  is  notliing  in  compari- 
son with  the  exj)ectation  of  processes  and  imprisomni'iit,  which 
cannot  be  avoided,  unless  I  can  make  payment  within  three 
months,  circumstances  which  you   are  scnsil^lc,  must  ruin   a 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.      JACOB      BAILEY.  "J  1  3 

clergyman.  Two  tliiiif^.s  I  must  present  to  your  recollection, 
that  half  of  my  salary,  which  is  but  XI 10,  is  expended  for 
house  rent  and  fuel ;  and  secondly,  that  what  remains  in  your 
hands  was  saved  by  selling  our  furniture,  Mrs.  Bailey's  clothes, 
and  by  starvation.  (Jod  knows  my  heart,  that  I  cannot  endure 
to  distress  any  of  my  fellow  creatures,  especially  an  old  friend, 
for  that  reason  I  neither  expect  nor  desire  that  you  sliould 
discharge  the  whole  at  one  payment." 

"  Annapolis  Royal,  May  10th,  1787. 
"  To  Uw.  Rev.  Dr.  JIurice,  Secrelary^  c^c.  t^r. 

"Rkv.  Sir: — Permit  me  to  inform  the  Venerable  Society, 
that  I  have  been  able  to  perform  the  duties  of  my  Mission 
since  my  last  with  some  degree  of  success;  that  people  are 
more  constant  than  formerly  in  their  attendance  u|)on  Public 
Worship;  that  the  Dissenters  are  so  reconciled  to  the  Cluireh, 
that  they  frec|uently  invite  me  to  officiate  among  them,  and  to 
baptize  their  children;  that  there  is  no  Methodist  or  sectary 
teacher  in  the  county,  exce[)t  one  Ana-baptist  at  fourteen  miles 
distance;  that  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis  town  have  cheer- 
fully subscribed  to  give  me  twenty  Pounds  per  annum,  which 
is  as  much  as  they  are  able  at  present;  that  all  party  has  to 
appearance  subsided;  that  they  have  agreed  to  finish  the 
church,  and  have  raised  one  hundred  and  fifty  Pounds  for  that 
purpose  ;  and  that  as  no  person  or  ))arty  appears  to  be  unfriend- 
ly, I  have  a  more  pleasing  prospect  of  doing  service  than  in 
any  former  period.  As  many  people  have  removed  from  the 
several  towns  in  this  county  upon  their  faruLs,  Annapolis  at 
present  contains  only  forty  families,  iiieliuling  negroes;  few  of 
them  arc  in  allluent  circumstances,  and  many  arc  very  poor, 
but  I  reckon  live  times  as  many  in  the  county  under  my  eare, 
which  cannot  properly  be  discharged  without  niucii  expense 
and  fatigue. 

"Baptisms,  forty.  Deaths,  thirty;  three  or  four  of  whom 
died  of  age  and  sickness,  the  remainder  were  drowned,  or 
perished  by  the  severity  of  the  weather,  or  want  of  proper 
food." 


'2  n  F  U  O  N  T  I  i;  II        M  I  S  S  I  ()  N  A  H  Y   ;     OR,  [  n  NT. 

"  Ann.M'oi.is  Royal,  .May   lllli.  17S7. 
*•  To  Dr,  S.  Pthrs,  Pimliro,   Loiulon. 

•'  Dk.mi  Sir: — I  una  at  this  inoim'iU  favDurt'd  with  your  letter 
of  Febniiiry  hist,  and  heartily  thank  y<ni  for  that  kind  atten- 
tion \vhi«h  you  have  paid  to  Mr.  McNaruarra.  I  .should  never 
have  trotihled  you  had  not  his  ctinduet  reeoininended  him  t(^ 
every  worthy  loyalist.  As  to  yoiir  information  and  advice  I 
receive  it  with  gratitude.  I  have  ever  regarded  you  with  the 
\varm«'st  sentirmnts  of  allection  and  esteem,  and,  I  (latter 
myself  that  kindness  nuist  have  dictated  you  to  address  me 
a;,'ain  upon  so  disagreeable  a  suiiject.  But  I  assure  you,  upon 
the  wt)rd  of  an  honest  man,  that  I  never  go  abroad  without 
taking  particular  care  to  appear  in  character,  except  when  busy 
in  my  garden,  and  this  both  my  health  and  the  necessities  of 
my  family  recpiire.  Indeed,  then;  is  no  person  here  above  this 
employment.  But  1  tind  that  you  have  no  idea  of  travelling 
in  a  new  country.  It  cannot  be  expected  that  a  Missionary 
on  duty  in  remote  corners  should  appear  as  sleek  and  hand- 
some as  a  London  deacon  fresh  from  a  barber's  shop. 

*' '  If  you  reflect  that  we  are  liable  to  be  called,  upon  a  sudden 
emergency,  in  all  weathers,  to  distant  excursions,  when*  our 
progress  must  i)e  ctjutinucd,  i)artly  on  foot,  partly  on  horse- 
back, by  l;ind  and  by  water,  through  deep  morasses,  muddy 
roatls,  and  uiil)n)kru  forests,  you  cannot  wonder  that  we 
sometimes  exhibit  a  tragic-comic  appearance. 

'"Several  times  in  the  year  past  I  have  been  exposed  in  this 
manner,  amidst  violent  storms  of  rain,  mire  to  my  horse's  belly, 
wet  to  my  skin,  and  my  clothes  rent  in  climbing  over  wind- 
falls; and  in  this  pickle  to  perform  the  service  I  went  upon 
and  then  to  return  in  the  same  shattered  condition.  You  arc 
sensible  that  should  a  clergyman  adjourn  a  sermon,  a  wedding, 
or  funeral,  or  a  christening,  or  the  visiting  of  a  sick  or  dying 
person  till  line  weather,  as  other  gentlemen  may  do,  who  only 
travel  for  pleasure,  it  would  still  be  more  criminal.  I  will  give 
you  an  extract  from  my  .Tournal  to  the  jiresent  purpose. 

"  '  Xonvifirr  \')lh.  Aftr-r  a  severe  frt)sty  night  we  set  forward, 
being  four  in  company,  for  a  wedding,  to  Clement's,  about 
fourteen  miles  below  Annajiolis. 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     BAILEY.  '315 

"'In  the  second  mile  \vc  crossed  Allan's  River,  a  rapid,  nnky 
stream,  where  we  were  finely  bespattered.  Our  progri'ss  for 
several  miles  lay  tluough  horrid  broken  roads,  so  encumbered 
with  rocks,  holes  and  gullies,  roots  of  tri'cs,  and  windfalls,  arid 
sloughs,  that  the  passage  was  extremely  dillicult  and  danger- 
ous. We  were  frequently  obliged  to  dismount  and  lead  our 
horses,  wallowing  knee-deep,  through  the  mire.  The  last  six 
miles  conducted  us  over  hanging  jirecipices,  woody  promon- 
tories, and  three  stony  beaches,  full  of  honey  pots.  We  crossed 
Moose  River  at  a  critical  moment,  as  the  tide  was  running  in 
with  rapidity.  A  little  before  sunset  we  arrived  at  Mr.  Jones's, 
a  log  house,  with  two  small  ajiartnients,  where  I  united  in 
matrimony  Sheepy  Spur  and  Alicia  \  an  X'oorhies,  the  bride 
very  pretty. 

"  '  The  house  being  crowded  with  |)i'ople,  Capt.  Ditmarsh,  the 
bride's  grandfather,  invited  ine  to  sb-ep  at  his  house.  A  little 
before  dark  we  set  forward,  and  having  walked  above  a  laile, 
we  came  to  a  river,  where,  after  wading  into  the  water  over 
our  iaiees,  we  were  under  the  necessity  of  returning  in  a  dis- 
mal, dark  and  cloudy  evening,  along  the  ragged  banks  of  a 
rocky  beach,  every  moment  in  danger  of  breaking  our  legs, 
and  of  having  our  eyes  scratched  out  against  the  branches  of 
trees  which  had  fallen  over  the  bank.  We  at  length  recovered 
the  house,  where  musick  and  dancing  continued  till  after  sun- 
rising.  About  nine  we  began  to  return  towards  Annapolis, 
but  we  had  no  sooner  crossed  Moose  River,  than  a  cold,  disa- 
greeable storm  of  wind  and  rain  commenced,  which  (piickly 
rendered  these  new  roads  intolerable.  Mrs.  Spur  was  ihrown 
from  her  horse,  but  her  husliand,  catching  her  in  his  arms, 
prevented  her  from  receiving  any  harm. 

"  '  She  was  however  so  wet  and  fatigued  that  we  were  obliged 
to  leave  her  behind,  l^y  twelve  we  were  compleatly  soaked  to 
our  skins,  and,  by  the  plunging  of  our  horses,  were  covered 
with  mud  from  the  soles  of  our  shoes  to  the  crown  of  our  hats. 
Before  dark  I  reached  my  habitation  in  woful  plight.' 

'^  MrmDrdudinn.  Received  half  a  dollar  fee,  as  a  reward  for 
my  journev,  expense,  trouble,  wc^ar  and  tear,  and  in  consecpience 
of  this  soaking  I  was  alllieied  with  the  rheuuuitism  through 
the  winter,  though  I  never  omitted  duty. 


21()  FUONTIlill     MISSION  \UV;     OR.  [1787. 

"  A«  to  Ammpolis  tmvii,  n|)oii  my  nrrival  it  contained  rigli 
vcn  families,  at  present  forty-live,  only  four  or  live  of  which, 
cither  1)V  fortune  or  education,  have  any  pretensions  to  ])oIite- 
ness,  and  these  are  all  very  friendly.  One  has  e.\«'rted  himself 
to  procure  subscriptions,  and  another,  aeknowledj^ed  to  be  the 
politest  man  in  the  county,  has  subscribed  to  give  five  Pounds 
yearly.  The  other  families  an*  tavern  keepers,  disbanded 
sergeants,  S<H)tch  pedlars,  mechanicUs,  farmers  and  negroes. 

"Some  are  transformed  into  shopkeepers,  and  others  remain 
very  indigent.  There  is  not  a  building  e<|ual  to  the  houses  of 
midtllini,'  farmers  in  New  Kngland.  It  is  from  a  regard  to 
truth,  and  not  from  any  Jisresjicct  that  I  transmit  this  account, 
for  I  am  treated  civilly  by  all.  I  have  not,  to  my  knowledge, 
an  enemy  am«)ng  them,  and  they  hrtve  readily  subscribed  to 
give  me  twenty  Pounds////"  unniim^  which  is  as  much  as  they 
are  able.  It  is  payable  in  .May,  and  most  of  them  have  already 
discharged  the  first  year,  and  the  fear  of  my  being  removed 
was  their  principal  inducement  to  subscribe. 

"But  the  inhabitants  of  Annapolis  are  not  the  fifth  part  of 
my  parishioners,  as  will  suUiciently  appear  from  my  Nolitia. 
They  arc  chielly  husbandmen  and  labourers  with  miserable 
habitations.  Many  families  are  confined  to  a  single  apartment, 
built  with  sods,  where  men,  women,  children,  pigs,  fowls,  lleas, 
bugs,  mos<]uitos,  and  other  domestic  insects,  mingle  in  society. 
No  less  than  forty  of  thcs«'  huts  exist  within  a  mile  anti  a  half 
of  Annapolis  town.  In  sotuc  of  these  wretched  hovels,  the 
politest  clergyman  in  Eurt)pe,  was  he  a  Missionary,  would  be 
constrained  to  enter,  to  eat,  and  perhaps  to  sleep,  or  else  to 
neglect  his  duty.  Brother  V^iets,  wIkmi  he  has  compleated  his 
first  year,  will  doubtless  be  ai)le  to  confirm  the  truth  of  this 
namitive.  In  a  new  country  i)overty  increases  for  the  fir.-' 
seven  years,  but  after  ten  the  inhabitants  begin  to  revive  by 
degrees.  This  I  have  learned  from  former  experience.  I 
resided  almost  twenty  years  at  Keimcbeck.  The  j)eople  weri 
miserable  enough  for  several  years,  but  before  the  rebellion 
commenced  the  country  was  finely  improved,  the  settlers  made 
a  decent  appearance,  and  Pownalborough  was  politer  than 
even  the  city  of  Annapolis,  and  my  congregation  there  rather 
exceeded  my    present    in    useful    knowledge   and   splendour. 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     HAILET.  'J  17 

Permit  mc  further  to  observe  that  Cischeau  and  every  other 
settlement  have  the  advantage  of  Annapolis  in  people  o( 
wealth,  conse(iuencc  and  politeness;  that  the  connections  I 
have  formed  among  the  inhabitants,  the  attention  I  have  paid 
to  their  children,  ami  my  readiness  to  oblige  them  upon  all 
occasions,  cannot,  I  |)rcsnnie,  induce  them  to  wish  t\)r  my 
removal;  that  I  have  been  reguhirly  inducted  into  the  Parish: 
that  nearly  one-half  of  the  town  are  my  tenants,  whose  interest 
would  be  affected  by  a  change;  that  I  have  been  a  long  time 
in  the  Society's  service  in  the  most  laborious  and  difricult 
situations;  that  I  have  endured  many  losses  and  sufferings  for 
my  steady  attachment  to  the  Church  and  Government;  that 
my  age  and  constitution  will  not  admit  of  any  new  hanass- 
ments;  that  I  have  a  large,  hel|)less  family,  who  depend  upon 
me  for  support;  that  though  I  am  pretty  well  seasoned  to 
woods  and  bad  roads,  to  wet  weather  and  fresh  water  rivers, 
yet  I  cannot  endure  the  salt  water  without  cruel  sickness,  and 
was  I  removed  to  a  Mission  near  the  sea  I  could  not  possibly 
jx'rform  the  duty;  that  I  have,  at  miuh  expense  and  opposition, 
procured  a  grant  of  two  hundred  acres,  two  miles  from  Annap- 
olis, this  I  am  improving  and  consider  the  last  resource  of  mv 
family;  that  at  a  certain  time  removals  and  the  forming  of 
new  acquaintances  are  extremely  disagreeable,  and  that  the 
very  idea  of  such  migrations  is  sullieient  to  suppress  the 
industry  of  any  clergyman  advanced  in  life,  to  discourage 
every  generous  effort,  and  (Mi'ectually  to  prevent  his  being  use- 
ful, since  he  must  be  acfiuainted  with  the  temj)er  and  eireum- 
stances  of  his  jieople,  before  he  can  do  much  service  among 
tiiein. 

"  I  I'ully  api^rove  of  your  n-Meetions  upon  the  revolution  I?ish- 
ops,  and  at  the  same  time  conclude  that  they  and  their  abettors 
have  as  great  a  regard  for  the  Alcoran  as  the  New  Testament, 
according  to  which  all  rel)ellions  are  damnable,  especially  when 
the  most  damnable  methods  are  pursued  to  support  them. 

"  I  admire  Mr.  Waggoners  spirit.  Forty  Pounds  could  not 
furnish  him  with  an  hovel,  iire,  and  potatoes. 

"  Brother  A'iets  went  to  Connecticut  for  his  familv  before 
Christmas,  and  is  expected  every  moment  to  return,  as  are 
28 


218  FRONTir.  K     missionauy;     or,  [1787. 

C'larki',  Si-ovil,  :uul  Aiidn-ws,  to  Xt'W  Bruiiswitk.  Wlu-ii  tlu'\ 
arrive  it  is  probabli"  that  wi*  hliall  luiito  in  giving  a  true  account 
of  tlu'  country  and  our  .situation,  and  to  ac(|uaint  Dr.  Moricc 
that  if  ho  cxpccl.s  the  .Mi:^sionari('s  shoidd  make  a  decent  ap- 
pearance, tliey  must  have  a  dictiit  Mi|)|)ori.  And  though  I 
have  never  yet  worn  a  i)air  of  leather  brcrches,  yet,  if  this  cur- 
tailing bu.'^iues.s  proceeds  niuch  further,  we  shall  be  obliged  to 
cloath  ourselves,  like  the  ancient  worthies,  not  indeed  with 
sheep  skins  and  goat  skins,  i)ut  with  tlu*  hides  of  moose,  bears, 
and  wildcats. 

"  The  following  particulars  are  absolutely  necessary  for  a 
clergyman  in  Nova  Scotia: — 

'•  1.  That  he  should  have  a  large,  decent  house,  well  furnished. 

"  l2.  That  he  siiould  entertain  all  genteel  travellers  in  a  gen- 
teel manner. 

"3.  That  he  should  feed  all  the  hungry  and  cloath  all  tin 
naked  a\  ho  approach  him. 

••I.  That  he  >houKl  reform  all  disorders  in  his  j)arish  with- 
out any  authority,  or  the  least  support  of  the  civil  magistrate, 
or  encouragement  from  any  fpiartcr. 

"5.  That  himself  and  family  should  be  elegantly  dressed, 
without  attempting  to  rival  people  of  fashion. 

"  G.  That  he  should  keep  servants,  horses,  carriages,  books, 
garden  seeds,  and  farming  utensils  in  the  best  order,  both  for 
his  own  and  every  body's  service. 

"7.  lie  must  never  be  weary,  lame,  or  sick. 

"  ^^.  He  uuist  lly,  when  rciiuestcd,  to  the  remotest  limits  of 
his  Mission,  amidst  raging  elements,  and  that  without  dirting, 
wrinkling,  or  wearing  his  garments. 

*•  0.  That  he  sniier  himself  to  be  cheated  in  every  bargain, 
for  which,  whether  he  be  silent  or  complains,  he  is  sure  to  h< 
laughed  at. 

"  10.  Th:<t  it  i-  criminal  either  to  be  j)ruilent,  or  to  run  in 
debt. 

"As  to  a  Bish«)|),  I  can  only  sincerely  declare,  that  if  it  de- 
pended upon  me,  Dr.  Peters  should  be  the  man.  and  I  believt 
so  say  all  the  brethren.  .  .  Permit  me  to  insert  a  circmu- 
stance  omitted — at  this  season  of  the  vear  vou  cannot  enter 


1787.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOIJ     BAILEY.  '219 

a  mile  into  the  woods  without  being  covered  with  black  llies         « 
and  mosquitos." 

The  introduction  of  the  smallpox  into  Annapolis  Royal  in 
the  summer  of  this  year  caused  Mr.  Bailey  no  litth;  uneasines?. 
His  wife,  deciding  to  be  innoculated,  was  left  in  the  city,  while 
Mr.  Bailey  retired  into  a  distant  part  of  the  township  with  the 
children.  From  thence  he  wrote  to  Rev.  Roger  Viets,  the  So- 
ciety's Missionary  at  Digby.  He  says :  "  Now,  Sir,  though  I 
am  attending  to  that  part  of  my  Mission,  which  I  have  perhaps 
too  much  neglected,  I  am  sensil)le  that  the  people  in  town  arc 
uneasy  to  be  so  long  without  pul)lic  service,  and  would  be 
highly  pleased  with  a  visit  from  you  to  olliciate  among  them, 
and  to  baptize  a  number  of  infants  born  during  my  absence. 
I  must  therefore  intreat  you  to  oblige  them  and  me  with  your 
friendly  labours.  *  .  I  cannot  think  that  this  forcing  a 
loathsome  and  dangerous  disorder  upon  our  neighbours  is 
agreeable  to  the  dictates  of  freedom,  religion,  or  humanity.  I 
am,  for  instance,  restrained  from  taking  it  from  a  principle  of 
conscience." 

In  1787  the  Rev.  Charles  Inglis,  D.  D.,  who  had  been  Rector 
of  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  from  1777  to  178*3,  was  ap- 
pointed the  first  Bishop  of  all  the  British  North  American 
Colonies.  This  drew  from  iNIr.  Bailey  a  letter  of  congratula- 
tion addressed  to  him,  and  dated  October  26th,  1787. 

The  usual  half-yearly  report  to  the  Society  P.  G.  is  as  fol- 
lows : — 

« 

"  Annapolis  Royal,  Nov.  12th,  1787. 
"  To  the  Rev.  Dr.  Moricc, 

Secretary  to  the  Sorirfif,  Lon'ton. 
"  Ri:v.  Siii:  —  Penult  luc  1(»  iiit'onn  tlii>  Venerable  Society, 
that  the  peoj)Ie  at  Annapolis  have  cheerfully  contril)uted  to- 
wards the  fmishing  of  our  Church,  and  that  it  begins  to  make 
a  decent  appearance.  But  as  there  was  a  necessity  of  repair- 
ing it  from  the  foundation,  I  have  been  ol)liged  to  olliciatr  in 
the  Court  House  and  in  j)rivate  |)laees  in  the  coiuitry,  by 
which  means  a  greater  number  of  all  denominations  have  been 


'J'2n  rUoNTIKK     MISSIONAUV;      Oil,  [1788. 

able  to  uttciul  Divine  Service.  Since  my  letter  of  May  last, 
Baptism:)  have  amonnird  to  sixty-one;  Marriages,  twenty 
eonplcs  ;  Burials,  only  live  As  this  exceeds,  in  proportion,  any 
former  \i)titia  from  this  place,  it  is  an  artjnment  that  the  coun- 
try nourishes,  notwithstanding  several  families  have  emigrated 
to  the  States.  But  as  they  were  chiclly  indolent  jieople,  of  a 
restless  and  roving  disposition,  or  notorious  for  tluir  criminal 
conduct,  their  absence  can  hardly  be  perceived  in  any  religious 
assembly,  and  their  recess  may  bo  regarded  as  a  fortuna; 
event  to  a  rising  country.  A  tenant  on  the  glebe  havinj^ 
repeatedly  refused  either  to  take  a  lease,  or  to  pay  any  acknowl- 
edgment, I  found  it  necessary,  at  tlii>  instance  of  the  Attornc\ - 
General,  to  bring  a  writ  of  ejectment.  I  have  long  since  dis- 
persed all  the  Catechisms  and  I'rayer  l^ooks  transmitted  by 
the  Society,  and  as  they  are  greatly  wanted  among  the  people, 
permit  me  to  solicit  a  supply." 

The  statistics  of  the  Mission  are  not  given  in  the  half-yearly 
report  to  the  Society  in  May.  That  letter  is  occupied  mainly 
in  a  statement  of  trouble  and  expense  to  which  Mr.  Bailey  had 
been  put  in  defending  the  glebe.  In  his  letter  to  the  Si'cretary 
of  the  Society,  in  November  of  tliis  year,  lie  informs  him  that 
he  had  "been  successful  in  three  several  actions,  which,  it 
is  imagined,  will  suliieiently  prevent  any  further  litigation. 
Though  I  have"  [he  continues]  "the  countenance  of  my  prin- 
cipal parishioners,  yet  1  am  <onstrained  to  bear  all  the  expense, 
except  the  assistance  I  received  from  one  generous  attorney, 
and,  as  I  am  indebted  to  a  wealthy  man,  who  stimulated  the 
tenants  to  this  contest,  I  am  now  exposid  to  his  disappointed 
malice. 

Daptisms,  since  May  last,      -         -         -         /53 
Burials,  "  ....  4 

Conlirmed,         "  -  -  -  -         2o 

"  Near  an   hundred  woidd   have  oflered   themselves,  had   i 
not    been    for    the    following    unfortunate    circmnstance :    the 
Bishop,  on  his  return   from    New  Brtmswick,  had   agreed  to 
give  me  timely  notice.      He  arrived  at  Digby  on  Monday,  tl: 


17S9.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOU     HAIL  KV.  2*21 

2'Jth  of  August,  and  wrote  me  that  he  intended  to  hold  con- 
firmation at  Annapolis  the  next  Sunday,  but  the  letter  was 
not  delivered  till  a  fortnii^ht  after.  On  Saturday,  about  nine 
in  the  evenino^,  he  unexpectedly  arrived  at  Annapolis.  I  was 
ihen  gone  to  ofTiciate  at  Granville.  I  received  a  messagt;  the 
next  morning  to  return  immediately.  It  was  now  eight  o'clock 
and  I  had  twelve  miles  to  ride,  so  that  it  was  almost  time  to 
begin  service  before  I  could  see  the  Bishop,  l)ut  as  he  had  a|)- 
pointed  the  days  for  conHniiatiou  at  W'ilmot,  Cornwallis, 
Windsor,  tV'c.,  it  was  recpiisite  that  it  should  now  be  adminis- 
tered at  Annajiolis.  As  service  was  expected  at  (iranville,  it 
was  impossil)le  to  give  timely  information.  Thus  was  the 
Bishop  chagrined,  the  people  disap|iointed,  and  I  mortified  by 
the  carelessness  of  the  man  to  whom  the  letter  was  intrusted. 
I  had  taken  unwearied  pains  both  in  public  and  in  private  to 
explain  the  nature,  and  to  urge  the  necessity  of  confirmation, 
as  all  the  peo|)le,  exc(>pt  a  few  Europeans,  were  wholly  unac- 
quainted with  this  institution.*' 

From  a  letter  from  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  1).  D.,  Rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Boston,  dated  in  the  autumn  of  this  year,  the 
following  is  extracted: — 

"Young  Gardiner*  read  the  service  at  Pownalborough  last 
winter  and  spring,  but  then  went  to  N(!W  York  and  was 
ordained  by  Bishop  Provost,  and  had  an  invitation  to  a  parish, 
near  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  which  he.  accepted,  and 
has  been  there  ever  since.  I  bi'lieve  there  is  no  service  in  any 
Episco|)al  Church  bi-low  I'\iliiioutli,  \\  here  a  .Mr.  Oximrd  i>  a 
reader." 

In  writing  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  at  Newburyport,  March 
11th,  17MJ,  Mr.  Bailey  speaks  of  the  trouble  and  expense  to 
which  he  had  been  subjected  in  defending  the  glebe  lands. 
He  also  says:  "Pray  inform  my  kinsman  that  two  years  ago 
not  a  person  in  Annapolis  ventured  to  sing  in  public,  !)ut  they 
have  now  attained  to  great  perfection.     The  best  families  have 

•  Rev.  J.  S.  J.  Gardiner  who  .iftcrwards  succeeded  Dr.  Parker  as  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,  Mass. 


'2*32  fk()Ntii:r    m  i^^  ion  a  k  v  ;    oit.         [1789. 

joined  to  «MU'oiini«?f  it,  aiul  \vr  Ikivo  for  inoru  iliaii  ;i  year  per- 
foriinul  P.«<aImo(ly  in  all  its  parts. 

"  For  your  aiiuiscmcnt  I  have  fiuloscd  tlic  liyiims  we  sang 
last  Kastcr  aiul  New  Year's  Day,  for  the  people  here  expect 
that  I  should  coiuposi'  hymns,  as  well  as  j*ennot)s  for  the 
holidays,  ami  throu;,'h  the  iiistiijation  of  some  friends  I  have 
attempted  to  eourt  the  Muses  in  my  old  age,  upon  several 
subjects  l>y  way  of  satir»',  as  tin-  churacter  of  your  demagogues, 
the  trimmer,  \c." 

"Annapolis  Royal,   May   rJ^ih,   IT^'.J. 
*•  To  the  Jur.  Dr.  JIurice, 

Secretary  to  the  Sociefi/,  London. 

"Rr.v.  Siu: — I  would  beg  leave  to  inform  the  Venerable 
Society  that  St.  Luke's  Church  at  Annapolis  is  at  letigth  com- 
pleatly  linished,  in  conseciuence  of  which  my  congregation, 
exclusive  of  the  .soldiers,  is  increased  to  twice  the  former 
number;  that  the  Dissenters  at  Granville  have  converted  their 
mei'ting-house  into  an  Fi|)iscopal  Church  of  England;  that  I 
have  received  an  ;ij)|)rK  ation  from  the  people  of  Annapolis 
district,  and  olliciate  in  their  meeting-house  one  Sunday  in 
six;  that  the  inhabitants  of  Clements  have  declared  for  the 
Church,  and  re(pi(>st  my  occasional  assistance,  till  they  shall 
be  haj)py  enough  to  ol)tain  a  minister.  1  eJKM'rfuIly  comply 
with  these  various  rc(iuisitions,  but  lind  that  these  distant 
excursions,  as  age  advances,  are  extremely  fatiguing.  And 
tliougli  we  have  no  settled  society  in  this  county  to  oppose 
the  Church,  yet  a  succession  of  itinerant  preachers  from  the 
States  ami  elsewhere,  create  great  confusion  among  the  lower 
people,  and  are  of  inconceivable  damage  to  a  new  country,  by 
drawing  juultitudes  almost  every  day  in  the  week,  at  this  busy 
season,  to  attend  to  their  desultory  and    absurd    vocifi'rations. 

"These  preachers,  however,  agree  in  rejecting  the  literal 
sense  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  the  Christian  Ordinances. 
Their  <lependance  is  upon  certain  violent  emotions,  and  they 
discourage  industry,  charity,  and  every  social  virtue,  allirming 
that  the  mt)st  abandoned  sinners  are  nearer  to  the  King- 
r]..iii  i.r  Tb-avi-n  than  pcojilc  of  a  sober,  honest  and  religious 


1789.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOB     UAII.  EY.  223 

deportment,  for  such,  thry  allcdge,  arc  in  (laiii,'fr  of  (Irpciiding 
upon  their  own  righteousness. 
"  Since  November  last : 

Baptisms,  39  infants  and:i  adults. 

4  new  Communicants. 

5  Burials. 

•  >•••% 

"  The  Bishop  in  Mart  li  last  c^esired  me  to  transmit  him  an 
account  of  my  expense  in  defence  of  the  glebes,  w  iih  proper 
vouchers.  I  immediately  complied  with  his  nnjuisition,  but 
fear  my  letter  could  not  reach  Halifax  beft)re  his  eml)arkation 
for  Quebec.  I  must  therefore  beg  permission  to  repeat  \\\c 
substance  of  my  communications  to  the  Bishoj).  Besides  all 
the  trouble,  excursions,  neglect  of  doiuestic  concerns  and  abuse, 
1  was  obliged  to  give  three  lawyers  three  guineas  each,  and 
have  been  severely  harrassed  by  another  law  suit,  commenced 
in  revenge. 

"It  is  true  I  have  not  only  been  successful  in  all  iIicm-  dis- 
putes, but  am  happy  enough  to  eflect  a  perfect  reconciliation 
with  all  my  opponents.  Myself  and  family  have  severely  felt 
the  conse(juenccs  of  this  litigation.'' 

The  letters  of  Mr.  Bailey  for  six  years,  i.  r.,  from  August 
1789  to  August  179'},  are  missing,  and  but  very  few  of  the 
letters  of  his  correspondents  have  come  into  the  hands  of  the 
compiler  of  this  narrative. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  communication  from 
Bishop  Inglis  to  Mr.  Bailey: — 

"IIai.uax,  Dkckmukk  5,  17S9. 
"  Revkrknd  Sir: — 1  am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  Xotitia 
Paroc/ii(t/is,  inserted  in  your  letter  of  Nov.  17,  which  is  just 
come  to  hand.  It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  find  that  your 
Missit)n  nourishes,  and  especially  that  so  many  children  and 
youth  attend  to  be  catechised.  My  greatest  hope  of  reforma- 
tion arises  from  theiu,  and  lhereft)re  I  am  peculiarly  anxious 
that  the  Clergy  should  be  diligent  in  instructing  the  rising 
generation." 


'i  J 1  r  u  o  N  T  1 1:  K    M  I  s  s  I  ( )  N  A  u  V  ;    o  u ,  [  1794. 

FriMM  tlif  priiittil  abstrai-t  i)f  the  profrctlings  of  the  Society 
P.  (I.  ill  17^*.»,  it  sci'ins  that  "in  the  coursr  of  th<!  yau  Mr, 
Bailfy  hatl  l)a|)ti/r(l  IH  infants,  and  I  a<liilt<;  married  I'J 
couph*;  and  l)nrird  !)  persons/'  It  is  a  circumstance  worthy 
of  record  in  the  Bio<,'ra|)hy  of  a  Clergyman  connected  with 
the  Church  in  Nova  Scotia,  that  Sunday  Schools  were  estab- 
lished in  that  Province  as  early  at  least  as  this  year.  Tlii 
fact  rests  on  the  authority  of  a  printed  sermon  of  Rev.  Rolt't 
Viets,  "preached  at  Dighy?  •'•  N»>va  Scotia,  April  liilh,  17"»!>,' 
in  which  he  says:  "But  the  ahnse  of  the  niornings,  noons,  and 
evenings  of  Lord's  days  is  in  part  obviated  by  tin;  late  t'xeel- 
lent  institution  of  Sunday  Schools,  for  the  j-stablishment  and 
support  of  which  we  are  very  much  indebted  to  the  i)iety  and 
assiduity  t)f  our  worthy  Prelate,  who  is  never  weary  in  well- 
doing." 

The  Rev.  Ivlward  Bass  wrote  to  Mr.  liailey  from  Newbur\- 
port,  April  •'),  171(2.  He  says:  "Last  summer  we  had  a  high 
Sunday  here.  Bishop  Seabury  preached  in  our  Church  and 
confirmed  an  hundred  and  tliirty  or  forty  j)ersons.  Not  mort 
than  half  tlie  people  who  came  to  church  could  get  in." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society  for  the  year  1793  contains  the 
following  reference  to  the  previous  year.  "Mr.  J^ailey,  the 
Missionary  at  Annapolis,  besides  the  regular  |)erformance  of 
duty,  continues  to  instruct  in  the  catechism  30  children  every 
Wednesday,  and  as  many  in  the  country  every  Friday,  dnrini' 
the  summer  season.  His  last  Notitia  was,  Baptisms  36,  Mai 
riages  7,  Burials  2,  New  Communicants  2." 

On  the  20th  January,  1791,  CJovernor.Iohn  Wcntworth  noti- 
fied ollicially  the  agents  of  the  garrison  at  Annapolis  that  h 
iiad  appointed  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey  Deputy  Chaplain  of  th;r 
fortress,  the  apjujintment  to  commence  on  the  first  instant,  in 
the  place  of  Rev.  .Joshua  Wingate  We<'ks,  ami  directed  said 
agents  to  account  with  Mr.  J^iiiey  for  the  subsistence  allowed 
by  government. 

By  this  order  justice  was  at  length  done  in  this  matter  to 
the  worthy  Rector  of  Annapolis.  During  many  years  Mr. 
Bailey  had  at  times  actually  sutfered  from  the  want  of  tlif 
inenint'  attached  to  the  oliice,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged. 


1794.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     J  A  COR     15  A  I  LEY.  225 

while  others  received  tlie  emolurneiiis.  He  iried  :ill  pri)pcr 
means  to  obtain  his  just  rights,  and  his  letters  and  those  of 
some  of  his  correspondents  abound  with  passages  on  this 
subject,  some  of  which  have  been  inserted  in  this  Memoir. 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  June  21st,  17S2:  "Dr.  Breynton,  on  my 
removal  to  Cornwallis,  olVered  to  resign  his  Deputy  Chaplain- 
ship  of  the  Slth  Regiment  in  my  favour."  This  arrangement, 
though  strongly  opposed  by  the  friends  of  Rev.  Mr.  I'illis,  was 
carried  into  etl'ect.  Mr.  Bailey  discharged  the  duties  of  the 
ollice  to  the  garrison  at  Cornwallis.  In  Deeeiriher,  17^0,  he 
received  £20  as  part  of  his  salary.  Shortly  after,  "Dr.  Hreyn- 
ton,"  says  Mr.  Bailey,  "seized  the  fuehuid  ordered  the  (.Quarter 
Master  not  to  allow  me  any  perquisites  except  subsistence, 
about  two-fifths  of  the  whole." 

"  After  my  appointment  to  Annapolis  T  received  no  letter 
from  Dr.  Breynton  till  the  latter  end  of  .June,  when  he  an- 
nounced that  he  took  the  84th  Regiment  into  his  own  hands, 
on  the  24th  of  the  previous  A|)ril,  thus  depriving  me  of  the 
stipend  from  the  1st  January  previous." 

J)e|)ending  u|>on  th(!  enjoyment  of  this  ineoine  until  he 
should  be  settled  in  his  new  I'arish,  .Mr.  Bailey  incurred  debts 
to  enable  him  to  make  a  respectable  appearance  on  his  removal 
to  Annapolis.  The  disa|)i)ointment  o[  course  eompelled  him 
to  devise,  if  possible,  some  way  of  li(|ui(laling  these  debts. 

'J'lie  Chaplainship  of  the  garrison  at  Annapolis,  however, 
had  been  held  by  the  former  Rector,  and  was  considered  as  his 
right.  This  was  simply  just,  becau.><e  this  clergyman  was 
called  upon  to  do  the  duties  of  his  ollice  in  the  fort. 

But  on  a|)plication,  by  one  of  the  principal  men  in  the 
Province,  to  the  Governor  in  Mr.  Bailey's  behalf,  the  (Jovernor 
replied,  ''that  the  Rev.  Mr.  Weeks,  the  instant  he  knew  of  Mr. 
Bailey's  appointment  as  Missionary  at  Annapolis,  aj^plied  to 
him  for  the  Chaplaincy  and  obtained  it."  Nor  were  upj)lica- 
tions  to  a  succeeding  (Jovernor  more  succi'ssfid,  for  Mr.  Bailey 
says:  "The  (iovernor  of  this  Province  has  been  three  times 
directed  by  the  Society  P.  G.  to  give  me  the  Chaplainship  of 
29 


?*Jl>  F  U  ()  N  T  I  F.  U     M  1  S  S  I  O  N  A  U  Y  ;     f )  R  ,  [1794. 

the  garri.Hon  hrrr,"  but  witliuiit  riU-c-t,  "altliout^h  he  acknowl- 
cdgfs  ill  his  Ifttcr  ti)  iiir  thsit  my  tlaiiu  is  iu<lis|)utiil)lt'." 

Ill  a  lettiT,  Ni>vi'iubrr  *J,  l?"^'!,  to  Mr.  liailey,  Dr.  .Mather 
ByU'.H  nays:  "Your  letters  of  .\n«,Mist  31,  and  November 
22<.l  are  safe  in  my  hands.  That  to  the  Arclibishop  I  have 
eneU)sed  in  one  of  my  own,  from  which  I  have  transcribed 
the  foUowing  |)arat;ra|)h  for  your  inspection:  'I  enclose 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Hailey,  the  Missionary  at  Annapolis,  who 
cannot  yet  obtain  the  dejintation  to  that  garrison.  Mr. 
Weeks,  who  resides  at  Halifax,  still  enjoys  that  salary  which 
belongs  to  the  acting  Chaplain  of  Anna|)olis;  and  which,  as 
Mr.  Neyle,  the  commissioned  Chaplain,  is  settled  in  Eng- 
land, has  for  many  years  been  justly  esteemed  as  naturally 
and  inseparably  cynnected  with  that  Mission.  In  return  for 
this  exertion  of  Dr.  Breynton's  inllucnce  with  the  (Jovcrnor, 
Mr.  Weeks  has  long  olliciated  as  the  Doctor's  Curate,  without 
putting  him  to  the  smallest  expense,  and,  even  during  his 
absence  at  this  time,  receiving  no  other  reward,  unless  it  be 
the  precarious  surplice  fees  of  the  Parish.  So  that,  as  tli'* 
matter  now  stands,  a  Curate  is  actually  supported  for  Dr. 
Brcynton  by  money,  which  is  the  equitable  property  of  Mr. 
Bailey.  This,  Sir,  is  the  exact  fact,  fairly  stated,  and  such  a 
partial  arrangement  must  be  highly  tlispleasing  to  your  (irace. 
I  make  no  apology  for  afresh  recommending  Mr.  Bailey,  as  an 
oppressed  man,  to  your  pt)werful  protection.'" 

Nearly  two  years  after  this  Mr.  Jiailey  writes  to  Rev.  |)r. 
Peters  in  London:  '"I  have  heretofori'  informed  you  that  I 
serveil  almost  two  years  the  lifty-seventh  regiment  as  Deputy 
Chaplain,  without  receiving  the  least  advantage,  the  reason  of 
which  now  appears.  Mr.  Weeks,  not  contented  that  I  should 
perform  the  duty  of  Chaplain  to  the  garrison  for  nothing,  with 
the  Chaplainship  of  this  garrison  must  have  the  above  regi- 
ment likewise;  and  that  they  might  compel  me  to  perforin  tin 
duty  of  both,  they  procurcil  my  name  to  be  inserted  in  the 
military  returns." 

'J'he   sul>ject  of  our  .Memoir  ri'ceived  from  the  Society    .£oO 
sterling,  which  was  afterwanls  rciluced  to   X40,  and  from   the 


1795.]  LIFE     OF     REV,     JACOIJ     H  A  I  I.  K  V .  227 

Board  of  Trade  X70,  in  all  £110.  This  was  afterwards  some- 
what increased  by  income  from  glebe  funds  and  a  subscription 
of  the  Parishioners  of  £20.  He  says  that  his  "jjrrdecessor, 
when  articles  of  living  were  less  than  half  the  pn-scnt  price, 
had  .£320  sterling  per  aimum."  At  that  time  tin-  duties  of 
Annapolis  Parish  must  have  been  much  less  laborious  than 
they  were  after  Mr.  Bailey  had  taken  the  charge. 

For  reasons  before  stated,  the  expenses  of  living  were  large. 
Perhaps,  however,  the  Missionary  there  might  have  succeeded 
in  making  the  annual  expenses  of  his  growing  family  fall 
within  his  scanty  income.  But  a  debt  of  some  XoO,  incurred 
at  the  time  of  his  removal  from  Cornwallis,  and  which  he 
intended  to  pay  from  the  salary  of  the  Deputy  C'haplairiship 
of  the  SUh  Regiment,  hung  over  him.  His  creditor  pr(>ssed 
him  for  payment:  he  threatened,  if  he  did  not  commence  a 
suit,  and  Mr.  Bailey  was  obliged  to  witlulraw  XlO,  at  intervals, 
from  his  inade(|uate  salary,  in  order  gradually  to  extinguish  it. 
His  letters  show  how  sorely  this  circumstance  distressed   him. 

At  length,  after  twelve  years  delay,  Governor  John  AVent- 
worth,  who  was  his  classmate  in  college,  was  enabled,  by  an 
act  of  simple  justice,  to  do  him  an  essential  service  in  conferring 
upon  him  the  income  of  an  otllce  whose  duties  he  had  for  so 
long  a  time  discharged. 

The  following  is  part  of  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  to  the  Society: 
"  Dec'r  15th,  1795.     Permit  me  to  present  the  Venerable  So- 
ciety with   my  Notitia  for  the  year  past,  as   I  am  imccrtain 
whether  my  letter  of  .lune  last  has  been  safely  transmitted: — 
Baptisms,  thirty-eight ;   Marriages,  six  couples; 
Burials  six;  New  Communicants,  eleven. 

.  •  •  •  »  We  have  been  able  for  several  months  past  to 
asseml)le  in  the  new  church  at  Clements.  It  is  a  very  neat 
and  decent  building,  fifty-two  f«*et  by  thirty-four,  with  a  gal- 
lery and  steeple.  It  is  but  justice  to  UKMition  the  very  liberal 
exertions  of  Capt.  Ditmarsh  and  Mr.  Palamus  towards  com- 
pleting this  church." 

Mr.  John  McNamarra,  who  had  l)een  Itrouglii  up  by  .Mr. 
Bailey  from  a  boy,  and  had  attained  to  positions  of  usefulness 
and  respectability, (lied  in  17!>S.     Bishop  Inglis,  in  a  letter  to  Mr. 


228  F  HON  Ti  i:ii    missionary;    on,         [1808. 

Bailt'V,  notice's  this  rvt-nt :  "  I  very  sincerely  rcf^ret  tlie  deatli 
of  Mr.  MeNainarra,  wlio  was  a  very  worthy,  usclul  man.  In 
him  tlie  i-oiiiiiuinity  has  sustained  a  considerabU*  loss." 

Mr.  Hailey  had  written  tt)  lii.-ho|)  Inj^dis,  giving  an  account  of 
the  diM)rderly  procecilin^s  of  certain  fanatics  in  and  near  An- 
napoli.**.  The  Hishop  replied  at  some  length  in  a  letter  marked 
by  sound  Christian  counsel.  In  the  course  of  it  he  says  :  "  The 
fanaticism  in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  was  one  principal  cause 
of  the  ilissoluteness  that  prevaih-d  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.; 
and  from  whieii  the  nation  has  not  yet  perfectly  recovered. 
•  .  In  ihe  year  17i<l  the  New  Lights  made  a  prodigious 
stir,  so  that  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  advert  to  them  in  the 
charge  that  I  delivereil  at  my  Triennial  Visitation  that  year. 
-If  you  have  that  charge,  you  can  see  in  it  my  sentiments  on 
those  points  where  they  appear  to  be  most  irregular  and  vul- 
nerable." 

The  Abstract  of  the  Society  for  1800  contains  no  report 
from  Mr.  Bailey,  but  speaks  at  length  of  "an  enthusiastic  and 
dangerous  spirit  among  a  sect  in  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
called  New  Lights.  •  •  They  have  been  more  particularly 
troublesome  in  the  parts  about  Annapolis,  (iranville,  Wilmot, 
and  Aylesford." 

The  Abstract  for  the  next  year  states  that  "  Mr.  Bailey  had 
baptized  during  the  year,  45  ;  married,  3  ;  buried,  3.  Four  had 
been  added  to  the  Communion.  He  retjuesta  some  prayer 
books  and  religious  tracts,  which  the  Society  have  sent  him." 

In  1806  it  is  stated  in  the  Abstract,  that  "  Mr.  Bailey,  the 
Missionary  at  Annaj)olis,  has  accpuiinted  the  Society,  that, 
notwithstanding  his  advanc-ed  age,  he  has  been  able  to  per- 
form Divine  Service  every  Sunday,  besides  doing  duty  at  the 
Garrison,  and  occasionally  visiting  Clements.  His  Baptisms 
for  the  year  are  43  ;  Marriages,?;  Burials,  7.  Communicants 
at  Annapolis  and  Clements,  7G.  The  female  school,  conducted 
by  his  daughter,  consists  of  34  scholars,  13  of  whom  are  upon 
charity.     They  attend  catechising  on  Wednesdays." 

Mr.  Baih-y  was  Rector  of  St.  Luke's  Parish,  Annapolis, 
about  twenty-live  years,  and  died  of  a  dropsy  July  26th,  isOS, 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOU     BAILEY.  220 

aged  seventy-six  year:?,  leaving  a  \vidt)\v  and  three  sons  and 
three  daughters.  He  retained  his  faculties,  both  of  body  and 
mind,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  to  the  last.' 

It  is  a  subject  of  regret  with  the  comj)iler  of  this  iNIemoir 
that  he  has  been  able  to  glean  but  a  very  few  facts  touching 
the  last  years  of  Mr.  Bailey's  life.  His  connection,  for  a  <}uar- 
ter  of  a  century,  with  a  parish  having  the  relative  ini|)orlance 
of  Annapolis,  must  no  doubt  have  given  him  a  good  degree  of 
inliuence  in  Ecclesiastical  matters  in  the  western  part  of  the 
Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  writer  has  reason  to  believe 
that  he  was  loved  and  respected  in  the  place  of  his  residence. 
To  the  last,  however,  his  temporal  condition,  remained  unim- 
proved. He  never  was  in  possession  of  an  income  sullicient 
to  maintain  himself  and  family.  Still,  he  was  remarkable  for 
the  benevolence  of  his  heart  and  the  liberality  of  his  hand. 
Though  oppressed  himself  by  want  and  debt,  his  hospitality 
never  ceased  to  (low,  and  by  this  kindness  of  nature  he  always 
retained  the  personal  rcgaixl  of  all  who  kn<'W  him. 

To  conclude  the  account  of  his  family: — 

Mrs.  Bailkv  died  at  Annapolis  Royal,  March  '22d,  1^1"^, 
aged  seventy  years. 

Charles  Pkrcv,  the  oldest  son,  was  a  remarkably  handsome 
))erson  ;  and  when  the  late  Duke  of  Kent,  father  of  the  present 
Ciueen  of  England,  was  commander  of  the  forces  in  Nova 
Sco4ia,  he  came  on  a  visit  to  Annapolis,  and  observing  this 
lad,  among  a  number  of  others  assembled  to  bid  him  welcome, 
he  inquired  who  he  was.  This  prince  was  so  pleaded  with 
his  person  and  address  that  In-  jjicvaili'd  upon  his  father  to 
allow  him  to  take  him  under  his  own  care,  anil  to  provide  for 
him.  Accordingly  he  first  placed  him  in  the  Military  Secre- 
tary's odice,  and  sub.sequently  gave  him  a  commission  in  his 
own  regiment,  (the  1st  Royals,)  where  he  served  with  honor, 
till  the  breaking  out  of  the  American  war,  when  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  Canada,  he  then  being  a  captain,  high  up  on 
the  list.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chipjiewa,  in  Upper 
Canada. 

Rkbecca  Lavima  died  al  Annapolis  Royal. 

•  Mr.  James  Whitman's  MS.  letter,  Nov.  .30th,   l^l". 


TM)  FUON  11  r.u    Mis>i()NAUV;    on,  [ISO^. 

CiiAHLoTTK    .M\ui\  is  >till  liviiii,'. 

Thomas  Hkniiv  had  tin-  apixniitrrii'nt  ol  liarrack  .Masicr 
and  Stall"  Adjutant  i»f  Militia,  wliicli  he  held  till  lii.s  diath. 
Ill"  dird  yminir.  lt'avin<j  a  widow  and  tlirft-  daughters. 

\Vi  1,1.1  AM  ( iii.iii:i!  r  was  a  lawviT,  and  did  a  i^rrat  business, 
IIo  also  died  young,  and  hft  a  small  family. 

Ki.i'/AnKTii  Anna  nianicd    Mr.  .lames  Whitman. 

Mr.  Bailey  was  below  the  middle  stature.  A  side  \\cw  of 
his  countenance  is  furnished  in  the  profile  likeness  ])refixcd  to 
this  Memoir,  being  the  oidy  portrait  of  hitn  now  in  existence. 
Although  his  youth  was  oecu|)ied  in  the  labors  of  a  farm,  and 
he  lived  beyontl  the  "three  score  years  and  ten''  allotted  to 
man,  yet  we  find  him  speaking  frequently  in  his  writings  of 
his  slender  constitution.  His  love  of  learning  caused  him  to 
surmount  many  obstacles  in  order  to  improve  his  mind,  and 
the  advantages  he  finally  enjoyed  were  without  doul)t  well 
improved.  He  strove  hard  to  acrpiire  knowledge,  and  wrote 
much,  and  especially  at  various  times  no  small  amount  of 
ptietry.  Without  attributing  to  him  the  possession  of  genius, 
he  may  be  said  to  havi'  been  a  man  of  a  fair  ilegree  of  talent 
and  of  a  large  amount  t)f  various  information. 

'i'lic  abilities  which  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  possessed 
were  industriously  employed,  for  he  was  always  busy.  Many 
of  his  writings  have  been  lost,  but  enough  remain  to  show 
how  continually  his  early  practice  of  using  the  pen  was' fol- 
lowed throughout  his  life.  These  writings  arc  of  a  very  mis- 
cellaneous character.  His  journals  and  letter  books  which 
now  exist  have  furnished  the  greater  part  of  the  inatcrials  of 
the  foregoing  biography,  lieside  these  are  a  MS.  History  of 
New  l^ngland,  comprising  an  account  of  its  natural  produt  - 
tions  and  topography,  extending  to  some  two  hundred  pages; 
a  Description  of  the  present  I'rovinci"  of  Ni'W  Brunswick,  with 
an  Account  of  the  Sullerings  of  the  American  Loyalists,  who 
were  trans|)orted  thitiicr;  Oramatie  Sketches,  jirincipally  of  a 
political  cast ;  and  two  or  three  MS.  School  Books.  Much 
of  his  poetry  has  been  preserved.  "The  Farewell  to  Kennc- 
beck,"  with  the  exception  of  some  stanzas,  highly  charged  with 
politics,  has  been  given  in  Note  K.  In  the  opinion  of  the  pre- 
sent writer  this  production  has  considerable  merit     But  he 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     REV.     JACOU     BAILEY.  231 

has  not  been  able  to  lind,  among  hid  otluT  poetical  crtorlsJ,  any 
which  lie  thinks  are  to  be  compared  witii  this.  The  ancient 
maxim  that  "  a  poet  is  born  such,  wiiih-  an  orator  can  be  made" 
by  incinstry,  contains  probably  more  trutjj  than  is  generally 
supposed,  and  a  j)r()pensity  lor  versifying  has  doubtless  been 
often  mistaken  for  that  natural  j)oetical  gift  vouchsafed  to  i)Ut 
very  few  in  any  century. 

A  number  of  Mr.  Bailey's  sermons  liave  been  carefully  ex- 
amined by  tlic  writer  of  this  volume.  From  various  causes 
many  of  these  MS.  are  imperfect  in  the  loss  of  some,  and  in 
a  few  instances  nearly  all  their  contents.  This  of  course  ren- 
ders it  the  more  difficult  to  express  an  opinion  respecting  them. 
Besides,  those  which  have  entirely  perished  might  have  been 
on  totally  dillerent  sul)jects  from  those  which  have  been  pre- 
served. Of  tliose  examined  many  are  of  an  historical  charac- 
ter, illustrating  cither  some  particular  iniidiMits,  or  the  lives  of 
persons  mentioned  in  the  Bible;  a  few  are  Thanksgiving  Ser- 
mons, on  various  occasions;  some  are  aimed  at  specified  vices; 
some  are  designed  to  enforce  the  Christian  virtues,  and  some 
are  devoted  to  the  instruction  furnished  by  events  in  the  Sa- 
viour's life.  A  few  are  either  directly  based  on  some  of  the 
Fasts  and  Festivals  of  the  Church,  or  refer  to  them.  But,  as 
before  stated,  so  large  a  j)ortion  of  many  of  them  is  lost,  that 
it  becomes  dillicult  to  judge  of  these  discourses  from  the  frag- 
ments that  remain.  This,  however  is  evident,  that  they  do 
not  exceed  contemporaneous  sermons  in  close  application  of 
Gospel  truth,  or  in  pungent  appeals  to  the  hearer. 

Whatever  may  be  assigned  as  the  cause,  it  is  very  certain 
that  the  eighteenth  century  witnessed  a  coldness  and  deadness 
in  religion  truly  lamentable.  This  characteri/ed  all  Ijodies  of 
Christians,  nor  did  a  favorable  ihange  become  widely  estab- 
lished till  within  the  last  forty  years.  Now,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
that  while  the  truths  of  natural  religion  are  enforced,  the  Gos- 
pel of  Christ  is  faithfully  preached  by  the  majority  of  ministers 
in  Protestant  countries. 

It  is  abundantly  apparent  that  .Mr.  Bailey  entered  warmly 
into  politics.  Considering  his  situation  this  can  cause  no  sur- 
prise.   On  his  visit  to  England  for  Holy  Orders  he  saw,  among 


'2:\2  ruoNTii.u    misskjnauy;   dk,  [1808. 

otlirr  tliinp^s,  evideiicrs  of  tin*  gnmt  military  and  naval  power 
of  that  nation,  and  tho  oj)|)(irtuniti(>s  lie  had  of  mri'ting  with 
the  dignitaries  of  the  «'stal)li>he(l  Church,  and  other  circuin- 
stances,  strengthened,  im  (lonht,  the  hiyahy  which  all  Ameri- 
cans felt  at  that  time,  lie  was  a  recipient  of  the  hoiinty  of  a 
Church  t>f  iMigland  Missionary  Society  to  an  extent  that  to 
him  must  have  seemed  larg(\  That  Society,  pitying  the  des- 
titute condition  of  a  j)oor  and  ignorant  people  in  America,  en- 
tirely neglected  by  their  countrymen,  who  sei-med  to  \ui  willing 
to  let  the  whole  Kriiiirl)ec  valley  either  sink  into  infidelity  or 
become  the  ])rey  of  P<)j)ish  Missionaries,  that  Society  (ould 
send  its  symj)athy  and  aid  across  the  Atlantic,  and  the  suliject 
of  this  >hMuoir  was  the  agent  for  carrying  out  its  benevolent 
designs.  'J'he  people  of  his  charge  were  poor  and  their  learn- 
ing was  scanty.  They  were  also  a  very  heterogeneous  collec- 
tion. A  small  number  of  j)crsons,  however,  consisting  mainly 
of  otlicers  of  the  county  court  and  lawyers,  might  furnish  him 
with  better  society.  But  while  some  of  these  were  estimal)le, 
others  w  c^re  far  otherwise.  The  latter  harrassed  and  persecuted 
him,  and  exerted  themselves  to  destroy  the  Ciiureh,  of  which 
he  was  the  minister. 

The  ditlerences  between  the  mother  country  and  America 
increased.  Yet  there  is  satisfactory  evidence  that  after  mat- 
ters had  proceeded  to  considerable  lengths,  some  of  the  most 
prominent  of  the  American  patriots  contemplated  only  a  re- 
dress of  grievances,  and  had  no  desire  or  serious  thought  of 
independence. 

It  is  very  easy  to  perceive  that  Mr.  l^ailey,  who  had  wit- 
nessed the  wealth  and  vast  warlike  means  that  (Jreat  Britain 
possessed,  and  therefore  knew  her  power,  must  be  confident 
that  the  j)arenr  country  coulil  easily  conquer  her  revolted  colo- 
nies. 'I'lie  llevolution,  therefore,  in  his  view,  was  little  short  of 
madness.  Nor  could  lie  be  favor:il)Iy  imi^ressed  with  the  char- 
acter of  some  of  the  leaders  of  the  revolt  in  his  region.  They 
were  men  of  l)tit  little  learning  or  retiiiement.  Some  of  them 
disclaimed  all  religious  obligation.  .Many  excesses  took  place 
in  these  eastern  regions,  and  if  arguments  failed  to  convert  a 
Tory,  the  tender  merci«'s   of  a  mob  would   not  be  ellectual. 


1808.]  LIFE     OF     RFV.     JACOB     H  A  I  L  F  Y .  233 

Tlic  Missionary  saw  and  felt  that  men  raised  to  power  in  liis 
neighborhood,  under  the  new  order  of  things,  abused  that 
power  to  gratify  old  personal  grudges.  Receiving  his  main 
snpj)ort  from  a  Church  Society  in  England,  doubtless  he  fcare<l 
that  should  the  Revolution  he  successful,  that  support  would 
be  cut  oO',  —  he  would  be  obliged  to  abandon  his  charge,  the 
labor  and  anxiety  of  so  many  years  would  be  entirely  lost,  and 
the  Church,  of  which  he  was  minister,  become  extinct. 

When  we  contrast  the  treatment  received  by  the  Tories  in 
Boston,  and  other  large  places,  with  the  persecutions  which 
the  friends  of  Great  Britain  underwent  in  the  eastern  parts  of 
the  Province,  we  cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  ofiicials  of  the 
latter  region  grossly  abused  their  power,  and  made  personal 
hatred,  rather  than  the  requirements  of  public  safety,  th(;  meas- 
ure of  their  severity.  It  was  desiral)le,  no  doubt,  that  all 
parts  of  the  country  should  be  luiited  in  opposition  to  the 
measures  of  Great  Britain,  and  men  were  to  be  drafted  from 
every  town  in  the  Province  to  fill  up  the  Continental  army. 
Aside  from  this,  it  could  be  of  little  practical  importance 
whether  the  county  of  Ijincoln  was  loyal  or  rebellious,  A 
vast  wilderness  intervened  between  it  and  any  of  the  loyal 
Colonies.  Nor  could  it  in  any  way  be  a  barrier  to  attacks 
from  the  English  from  those  quarters.  British  troops  occujued 
Castine  more  than  four  years,  till  the  end  of  1783.  There 
was  nothing  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  taking  possession  of 
Kennebec  if  he  were  so  disposed.  An  apology  for  a  fort 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  armed  with  one  cannon,  which 
had  been  an  alarm  gun  at  Fort  Frankfort,'  was  the  only  hinder- 
anee  to  a  British  fleet  that  might  see  lit  to  sail  to  its  head  of 
navigation. 

The  gratification  of  personal  animosity,  then,  on  the  part  of 
some  of  the  "Whig  leaders  in  Lincoln  County,  rather  than  an 
enlightened  and  honest  love  of  liberty,  ajipears  to  hav(»  excited 
them  to  measures  which  would  not  have  been  tolerated  in  the 
more  populous  parts  of  the  same  Province.     This  could  not 


•Mr.  Bailey  says  that  this  fort  was  "  a  wooden  block  house,  with  one  gun,  a  four 
pounder." 

30 


23-4  FHONTIKU     MISSIONARY.  [1808. 

but  he  know  11  and  fi'It  by  Mr.  Bailey  and  his  political  friends. 
And  nialviii^  all  diir  allDwanee  for  the  weakness  of  human 
nature,  kn»)\viiii^  how  jjroiie  it  is  to  resent  injustice  ami  op- 
pression, wi-  think  that  the  facts  before  stated,  while  thry  do 
not  prove  to  be  a  sullicient  vindication  of  Mr.  Bailey's  political 
course,  may  still  mitigate  the  censures  which  any  may  be 
disposed  to  pass  on  an  American,  who  did  not  feel  the  injus- 
tice which  (treat  Britain  was  showing  to  his  country,  and 
therefore  did  not  exercise  his  influence  on  what  we  all  now 
agree  to  have  been  the  right  side. 


NOTES. 


NOTE    A. 

[rage  2.] 


In  the  "  History  of  Rowley,  etc.,  by  Thomas  Gage ;  1840," 
is  a  "  Genealogical  Register  of  the  Families  of  some  of  the 
First  Settlers  of  Rowley.''     The  first  on  the  list  is  — 


Bayi,f,y. 

1.  James  and  Lydia.  Had  four  sons;  JoJm^  horn  1(3 1:2 
James,  1650;  Thomas,  1653;  Samuel,  1658. 

2.  John  and  Mary  (jMighill).  Three  sons;  Xat/i(niitl,  born 
1675  ;  Thomas,  1677  ;  James,  1680  ;  and  two  daughters. 

3.  Nathaniel  and  Sarah  (Clark).  Five  sons;  Joseph,  born 
1701;  Nathaniel,  1703;  Josiah,  1705;  DaruL  1707;  Samuel, 
1709  ;  and  two  daughters. 

4.  David  and  Alary  (Ilodgkins).  SeviMi  sons;  Jacob,  horn 
1731;  David,  1735;  Pierce,  1738;  Amos,  1740;  .lohn,  1741; 
Nathaniel,  1743;  Ezekiel,  1748.— p.  438. 

The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  biography  was  one  of  lii«^ 
seven  deacons  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  in  his  na- 
tive town. — p.  24. 

The  writer  of  the  above-named  History,  gives  the  name  of 
the  family  as  Bayley.  ]^it  as  the  subject  of  this  Memoir  uni- 
formly spelt  his  name  Bailey,  and  as  his  immediate  rcUitives 
and  his  descendants  did  the  same,  this  form  of  the  name  has 
been  adopted  in  this  work. 


'J;3t)  NO  IKS. 

.NUTK    B. 

C  race  70.] 

As  tin*  interesting  facts,  iiH-ntioncd  in  this  ami  ilic  ])rfcc(l- 
iii^'  para^rapli,  liavc  iicv«t,  (so  far  as  the  writer  is  aware.)  heen 
ilistinetly  stated  by  any  historian,  it  is  proper  that  the  author- 
ity which  snhstantiates  those  facts,  should  be  given,  'i'hey 
form  not  only  a  part  of  the  annals  of  the  Episcopal  t'hnreh 
in  this  country,  l)Ut  tln-y  are  a  portion  of  the  history  of  the 
I'nitcd  States. 

AVillianison,  who  has  given,  in  his  History  of  .Maine,'  tli^ 
most  detailed  account  of  this  colony,  says  of  the  colonists: 
"  They  left  the  ships,  August  the  llth,f  and,  assembling  on 
the  shore,  returned  public  thanks  to  Almighty  God,  and  lis- 
tened to  a  sermon  adapted  to  the  occasion."  Bancroft  says  :J 
"  The  adventurers  reached  the  coast  of  America,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebec,  and  ollering  up  public  thanks  to  God 
for  their  safety,  began  their  settlement  under  the  auspices  of 
religion."  "  Purclias§  makes  tlic  following  statement:  An.  1(507, 
^vas  settled  a  Plantation  in  the  River  Sagadahoc, ||  the  Ships 
called  the  (Jift  and  Mary  and  .Toliu  Ixing  sent  thither  by  the 
famous  Knglish  lusticer.  Sir  lo/in  Popham  and  others.  • 
They  chose  the  place  of  their  Plantation  at  the  mouth  of  Sa- 
gadahoc, in  a  Westerly  Peninsula  :  there  heard  a  Sermon,  read 
their  Patent  cV:  T^aws  \:  built  a  Fort.  •  .  .  The  people 
seemed  atVected  with  our  men's  devotions,  cV:  would  say  that 
King  Iamks  is  a  good  King,  his  God  a  good  (Jod.  and  Tdfilo 
naught,  so  they  call  an  evil  spirit  which  haunts  them  every 
Moone,  and  makes  them  worship  him  for  feare.  •  •  On 
I'ebruary  the  •'>,  the  President  dii'd.  " 

'i'hf  (•oiiij)iier  of  this  Memoir,  although  well  satisfied  in  his 


•  Williamson's  History  &c. ,  i.  p.  I'.tS. 

t  An  error  iti  the  date,  sec  jiost. 

I  History  U.  S.  I-Uh  Ed.  i.  p.  268. 

$  Purchas'  Pilgrims,  London,  1626,  Vol.  v.  p.  830. 

'il  Sagadahoc  is  the  proper  name  of  the  river  from  Merry  Meeting  Hay  to  the  sea. 
The  Kennebec  and  Androscoggin  unite  at  this  Bay,  and  thence  take  the  first-men- 
tioned name. 


NOTES.  237 

own  mind,  from  various  reasons,  that  a  minister  of  the  Church 
of  England  accompanied  this  exi)edition,  (as  was  the  case  with 
the  first  colony  which  a  few  months  before  settled  the  present 
State  of  Virginia,)  still  supposed  it  to  bo  nearly  impossible  to 
establish  this  fact  beyond  a  doubt,  and  entirely  so  to  recover 
the  name  of  the  Clergyman,  after  the  lapse  of  nearly  two  and  a 
lialf  centuries.  He  had  stated  his  reasons  in  a  note,  when,  just 
as  this  work  was  ready  for  the  press,'  he  aeeidentally  discovered 
that  there  was  an  ancient  doeuuient  in  existence  which  would 
furnish  him  with  much  information  desired  on  this  j)oint. 
This  document  forms  one  of  the  Volumes  published  by  the 
"Ilakluyt  Society,"  London:  1819,  and  is  copied  from  a  man- 
uscript in  the  Sloane  Collection,  Xo.  Uy2'2,  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  larger  part  of  this  contemporary  narrative  was 
contributed  by  the  writer  of  this  iMemoir  to  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  and  was  {mblished  in  \'olume  I.,  Fourth 
Series  of  their  Collections.  An  extract  also  appeared  in  the 
third  Volume  of  the  Maine  Historical  Collect it)ns. 
The  title  of  the  second  part  is  as  follows: — 

THE  SECOND  BOOKK 
or  TMK  FIRST  DKCAiJi:  OF  THi:  iiistouil;  of  Travah-k  into 
VIRGINIA  BRITTANIA,  extrf.ati.n.;  of  tue  first  Dis- 
coverp:rs  of  tuf  Country,  and  of  Tni:  first  Colonii:, 
transported  by  S"  Richard  Greenvile,  Knk.ht  fpon  the 
Island  of  Roanok,  at  the  expexce  and  charge  of  S"  Walt: 
Raleigh  Knight. 


As  also  of  the  northern  Colonie,  seated  upon  the 
River  of  Sachadehoc,  transi-orted  An?  loSo,  at  the  chaR(;e 
OF  S"!  John  Popham,  Kmghi",  late    Lord  Chiefe  Justice  of 

England,  ..atukkei.  hv  WILLI  \M  STK  ACI 1 1:  V,  (ILNT: 

PSAL.   «II.   VKU.    H. 

"This  slialbc  written  for  llie  Generation  to  conic:  and  tlio  people  w<^''slialbe 
created  shall  priu^c  the  Lord." 

•  In  18.50. 


238  NOTKS. 

(In  the  title  to  "the  first  Hookf,"  the  writer  says  "collkcted 
nv  Wn.MAM  SrRAtiir.Y,  (Ji:nt:  'A  yk.M(j:s  TiiiTHr.ii  imi-loykI' 
Secrktarik  or  Statk,  and  of  Coi'Nsaii.k  ^^  itii  tiii:  HHiiii 
iioxoRAni.K  TiiK  Lord  La-warui:,  his  Ma^'V  liORu  CIoukrno* 
AND  C'ai't:  CJr.NP.RAi.i.  OK  Tin:  Colon  v.") 

Til  lt)0()  a  ship  was  dcspatclicd  to  the  nortliorn  parts  of 
Aiiwriia  by  soiiu-  members  of  tlie  Plymouth  Company,  tinder 
command  of  Capt.  Chalons. 

This  ship,  whieli  carried  thirty-one  men  and  two  of  the 
Indians  wliorn  Weymonth  had  deliYcred  to  Sir  V.  Gorges, 
was  taken  by  a  Spanish  fleet,  and  carried  to  Sjiain,  where  she 
was  condemned.  After  meiiiioninir  this  discouraging  circum- 
stance, the  Straehey  account  jjroeeeds:  "  Howbeit  the  late 
Lord  Chief  Justice  would  not  for  all  this  hard  hansel!  and 
Spanish  mischief  give  over  his  dctt^minaeon  lor  plant inu  of 
a  Colony  w'^'in  the  aforesaid  so  gt)odly  a  country  upt)n  the 
River  of  Sachadchoc,  but  against  the  next  year  prepared  a 
greater  number  of  Planters  and  better  provisions,  w'^''  in  two 
shipps  he  sent  thither,  a  Fly  boat  called  the  (Jift  of  (iod, 
wherein  a  kinsman  of  his,  George  Popham,  comanded  and  a 
good  shipp  called  the  Mary  and  .lohn  of  Londt)n,  wherein 
Raleigh  Gilbert  comniided.  w''  w"'  130  persons  for  Planters 
brake  ground  for  Plymouth  in  .June  KiOT." 

".b/i,''.  1.  •  •  'I'hey  hoisted  out  their  bote,  and  the  Pilott, 
Capt.  R.  Dailies  w'^'  \'2  others  rowed  into  tlie  Bay  wherein 
their  ship  road,  and  landed  on  a  galland  Island." 

^^  Aiii^.  9.  Sonday  the  chief  both  the  the  shipps  w"'  the 
greatest  pt  of  all  the  Company  landed  on  the  Island  where  the 
crossc  stood,  the  w'''  they  called  S!  (Jeorge's  Island,  and  heard 
a  sermon  delivered  vnto  them  by  Mr.  Seymour,  his  preacher, 
and  soc  returned  abourd  againe." 

Leaving  St.  George's  Island  they  stood  for  the  Kennebec. 
A  violent  storm  nearly  caused  the  shipwreck  of  both  vessels. 
Before  reaching  their  destination  they  were  driven  somewhat 
to  the  south-westward  and  were  a  |)art  of  the  time  in  Casco 
Bay,  whose  leading  features  are  deserihed  in  the  aceount. 

"  i'lM^'".  lo.     •      •       Came  to   the   eastward,  and  found  the 


NOTES.  23!) 

Island  of  Snt(iuiii,*  and  aiicliorcd  vndcr  y!,  for  the  wynd  was 
of  the  shoare,  by  w''  they  could  not  gett  into  Sacliadehoc,  yett 
Capt.  Pophani  w"'  the  Fly  boat  gott  in." 

*'■  Aug:  16.  •  -  in  the  morning  Capt.  Pophani  sent  his 
shallop  to  helpe  in  the  Mary  and  John,  vv*'"'  weyed  Anchor,  and 
being  caline  was  soonc  towed  in  and  Anchored  l)y  the  (JuifLs 
side." 

"  Aug".  18,  they  all  went  ashoare  and  there  made  choise  of  a 
place  for  their  Plantation  at  the  month  or  entry  of  the  llyver 
on  the  west  side  (for  the  River  liindeth  y'self  towards  the  Xor- 
east  and  by  east)  being  almost  an  Island  of  a  gooil  bignes, 
being  in  a  province  called  by  the  Indians  Sabino,  so  called  of 
a  Sagaino,  or  chief  Commander  under  the  grand  Bassaba." 

"  Aug".  19,  they  all  went  ashoare  where  they  had  made  choise 
of  their  Plantation,  and  there  they  had  a  Sermon  delivered 
vnto  them  by  their  preacher,  and  after  the  Sermon  the  Presi- 
dent's Comission  w^as  read  w"'  the  Lawes  to  be  observed  and 
kecpt,  George  Popham  gent  was  noiated  President,  Capt.  Ra- 
leigh Gilbert,  James  Dauies :  Ri:  Seymer  preacher,  Capt.  Ric 
Dauies,  Caj)t  Harlow,  the  same  who  brought  away  the  Saluad- 
ges  at  this  tyme  shewed  in  Lontlon  from  the  River  of  Canada, 
were  all  sworne  Assistants;  and  soe  they  returned  back 
againe." 

"  Avg.  20.  All  went  to  shoare  againi>,  and  iliere  began  to 
entrench,  and  make  a  Fort  and  to  buyld  a  stt)rehouse,  contyn- 
cwing  the  21,  22,  2:3,  24,  2-3,  20,  27." 

•  ••»••• 

"  Orto.  4.  Then  came  2  canoas  to  the  Fort  in  w*^''  were  Na- 
hamada  and  his  wife,  and  Skidwares,  and  the  Bashabaes 
brother,and  one  other  called  Amene(juin,a  Saganu),all  of  whom 
the  President  feasted  and  entertayned  w"'  all  kindness,  l)oth 
that  day  and  the  next,  w*^''  being  Sondaye  the  President  carried 
them  to  the  place  of  publike  prayers,  w"^''  they  were  at  bt)th 
morning  and  evening,  attending  y'  with  great  reverence  and 
silence." 


•  Scguin. 


240  NOTTS. 

"  (>(•(().  ().  •  •  .  AfttT  C^apt  Diuin's  departure'  tliey  fully 
riiiishfd  tlir  l'\»rt,  trciiciit  and  lortrficd  y'  w"'  1:2  pieces  of  Ordi- 
nance, and  Imilt  ")()  lionscs  tliirrin,  besides  a  Chureli  and  a 
Storehouse,  and  tlu'  Carpenters  framed  a  pretty  Pvnnaee  of 
about  8onu'  'jO  tonne,  W*'  tliey  called  the  Vir<^inia,  the  chief 
shlpwrii^ht  bcin«?  one  Pigby  of  Iit)ndon." 

This  contemporary  account  establishes  the  fact  that  this 
colony  had  a  elerf^yman  of  the  Church  of  England  in  their 
number,  that  he  was  their  ehaj)lain,  was  sworn  as  one  of  the 
assistants,  and  regularly  olTiciated  in  the  elmrcli  built  within 
their  fort.  It  also  gives  his  name.  The  common  notion  that 
Plymouth,  in  .Alassachusetts  liay,  was  the  first  |)lace  in  which 
any  kind  of  Protestant  reliLrious  worship  was  steadily  kept  up, 
is  evidently  unf()unded.  Thirteen  years  before  a  landing  was 
made  on  '•  Forefathers'  Rock,"  the  wilderness  of  Maine  echoed 
to  the  sound  of  a  pure  and  fervent  liturgy. f 

It  is  desirable  to  correct  a  inisajiprehension  which  has  pre- 
vailed to  some  extent,  as  to  the  precise  spot  on  the  Kennebec, 
(or  Sagadehoc,)  where  this  colony  established  itself.  Wil- 
liamson|  says:  "  Although,  according  to  some  accounts,  they 
first  went  ashore  on  Erasrnhegnn.\  or  the  western  Peninsula; 


•  In  the  Mary  and  John. 

t  The  present  writer,  while  he  wishes  to  show  that  members  of  the  Church  of 
Kn(;land  made  provision  at  a  very  early  date  for  the  hpiritual  wants  of  colonics  in 
America,  and  also  of  the  savages  amont»  whom  those  colonies  were  founde<l,  has  no 
disposition  to  keep  out  of  sinht  the  pious  endeavors  of  any  other  Christians  to  pro- 
mote the  same  fcreat  end.  It  is  onlv  since  these  pages  have  been  prepared  for  the 
press  that  it  has  come  to  his  knowledge  that  Protestant  worship  and  pfcaching  were 
continued  for  some  time  previous  to  Popham's  expedition,  in  a  locality  within  the 
present  State  of  Maine. 

Tiio  colony  of  !)«•  Monts  has  been  spoken  of,  p.  f>8.  It  was  made  tip  of  Romanists 
and  Protestants.  Among  the  latter  was  L'Esarbof,  who  was  a  Huguenot.  He  kept 
a  journal,  which  was  afterwards  published.  In  the  "  little  chapell,  built  after  the 
sauage  fashion,"  L'Ksarbot  gave  public  religious  instruction  to  ihc  coloniht.s  on 
Sundays  and  other  times.  The  name  of  this  worthy  man  should  not  be  suffered  to 
sink  into  oblivion.  He  undoubtedly  labored  faithfully  in  his  endeavors  to  promote 
the  interests  of  religion,  and  whatever  may  have  been  his  success,  of  which  we  arc 
not  informed,  he  has  connected  his  name  in  the  most  desirable  manner  » ith  the  r.is- 
tory  of  ancient  "  .\caclia,"  and  will  hereafter  receive  the  commendation  of  "  good  and 
faithful  servant"  from  that  Master  whose  religion  he  sought  to  promote. 

*  History  of  Maine,  i.,  p.  198. 
{  Now  Parker's  I»l.ind. 


NOTES.  241 

yet  it  is  believed  they  finally  disembarked  upon  an  island  two 
hundred  rods  eastward,  called  Stage  Island,  supposed  by  them 
to  be  better  situated  for  all  the  conveniences  of  trade  with  the 
natives  and  of  navigation  through  the  year."  •  •  He  acknowl- 
edges that  they  afterwards,  for  various  reasons,  removed  to 
"  the  south-east  side  of  a  creek,  near  what  is  now  ealli'd  Atkins' 
Bay,  which  stretches  west  into  the  land  half  a  league,  and 
forms  a  |ieniiisula  at  the  southerly  corner  of  the  present"  [town 
of]  "  Piiipshnrg.""  Here,  he  says,  "a  few  slender  cabins  were 
built  and  a  fortification  erected." 

The  present  writer  has  taken  considerable  pains  to  ascertain 
where  the  idea,  that  this  colony  first  landed  on  an  island,  origi- 
nated. The  earliest  l)ook  hv.  has  met  with  in  which  the  state- 
ment occurs,  is  "  The  History  of  the  District  of  Maine,  by" 
[(iov.]  "James  Sullivan,"  i)ublished  in  nO-').  He  says,  p.  53, 
"they  spent  a  miserable  winter,  principally  on  an  island  called 
Stage  Island."  At  page  174,  he  states:  '• 'IVadition  assures  us 
that  Popliaiu's  party  iinulc  their  laiiding  on  the  i>land,  now 
called  Stage  Island,  and  as  there  are  remains  of  an  ancient  fort 
on  Cape  Small  Point,  and  wells  of  water  of  long  standing, 
with  remains  of  ancient  dwelling-houses,  so  it  may  be  con- 
cluded that  the  Plyniouth  fort  was  at  that  place.""  Four  pages 
previously  the  historian  had  said:  "On  the  west  side  of  the 
river  are  the  remains  of  an  old  fort  made  of  stone  and  earth ; 
there  are  also  eight  old  walls  now  to  be  seen,  and  the  ruins  of 
several  houses.  Whether  these  buildings  \vere  erected  by  the 
English  or  PVench  is  uncertain  ;  but  the  probability  is  that  the 
former  were  the  erectors  of  the  works."  At  pages  169  and  170 
the  following  statement  occurs:  "  On  an  island  already  s|)()ken 
of,  called  Stage  Island,  was  the  landing  place  of  Popham's 
party.     •  Ogilby,  in  his  C'ollection.  which  he  made  in  the 

year  1(J71,  says  that  they  landed  on  the  west   sitle  of  the  river 
and  there  began  a  plantation." 

It  will  be  perceived  that  traililinn  alone   is  assigned   a-<  au- 


•  "  As  early  as  1642  the  Plymouth  Company,  who  had  a  grant  of  land  on  the  Ken- 
nebec, erected  a  fort  and  trading  house  at  Georgetown  By  some  it  is  RupjiOKoH  that 
thi^  fort  was  at  Small  Point,  and  by  others  at  Sagadahock  Bay." — Mmnf  Hutnrical 
Collection,  ii.,  p.  200. 

31 


242  NOTES. 

• 

tlioritv  for  the  .>*i;itfrm>nt  of  tint*  colony  laiidiug  in  llir  fir.^l 
plarc  upon  an  issland.  Vfi  tradition  appears  to  liavr  bit-ii 
utterly  at  fault  in  |)ointini;  out  the  locality  of  the  fort  built  by 
the  l^lvinoutli  muipany  thirty-seven  years  after  the  departure 
of  Popluun'.s  colony.  Besides,  the  description  of  the  remains 
of  an  old  fort  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  existing  in  1795. 
indicates  that  that  fortress  was  built  by  persons  of  European 
notions  as  to  the  strength  of  fortilications,  rather  than  by  the 
colony  at  Plymouth,  .Mass.,  who  would  doubtless  deem  bliu-k 
honses,  built  of  timber,  to  be  suificient.  Tradition  is  not  uni- 
form on  this  point.  In  Massachu.setts  Historical  Collections, 
Vol.  i.,  '2')'2,  a  writer  contends  that  Parker  s  Island  was  the  lirst 
landing  place  of  Popham's  colony.  Certain  indicatit)ns  of 
early  settlers  are  to  be  found  even  at  the  presint  day  upt)n 
Stage  Island.  AVhy  may  not  these  have  been  what  was  left 
by  the  garrison  established  by  the  Plymouth  Company,  whose 
locality  is  now  confessedly  unknown  ?  It  will  be  oliserved  in 
one  of  the  cpiotations  made  from  Sullivan's  History,  that 
although  he  makes  the  distinct  assertion  that  the  island  he 
names  was  the  landing  place  of  Popham's  party,  yet  that 
shortly  after  he  (juotes  Ogilby  as  stating,  in  1671,  that  this 
party  landed  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  Ogilby  agrees 
with  all  the  ancienl  writers,  (for  il  is  only  modern  historians 
who  have  assigned  this  varying  tradition  as  their  authority.) 
Thus  Purchas,  before  (pioted,  "  In  a  Westerly  Peninsula."' 
And  the  Strachey  MS.  says:  "they  all  went  ashoare,  and  there 
made  choise  of  a  place  for  their  Plantation  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Ryver  on  the  West  side,  •  •  being  almost  an  Island, 
of  a  good  bignes." 

In  the  autuiun  of  18o2  the  writer  of  this  Memoir,  in  compa- 
ny with  a  friend,  visited  the  locality  spoken  of,  and  indicated 
on  the  map,  opposite  page  77,  by  the  figure  1.  Standing  upon 
high  ground,  near  the  centre  of  it,  he  saw  at  once  that  the 
phrase  "being  almost  an  Island,  of  good  bignes,"  was  a  very 
accurate  description.  And  from  a  pretty  thorough  examina- 
tion of  this  peninsula,  it  seemed  as  if  the  precise  situation  of 
the  fort  built  by  these  early  colonists  might  almost  be  settled. 
Conspicuous  to  all  who  enter  or  leave  the  mouth  of  the  Ken- 


NOTES.  243 

nebec,  is  a  two  story  dwelling-house,  built  by  Major  Shaw, 
standing  a  few  rod.s  from  the  sea  coast,  and  not  far  distant 
from  the  river  just  named.  Near  this  house  is  a  crescent- 
shaped  pond  of  fresh  water,  covering  about  five  acres  of 
ground.  The  land  rises  some  forty  feet  on  the  north  of  this 
pond,  and  then  descends  by  an  easy  slope  to  the  water  of 
Atkins'  Bay,  giving  sullicient  space  for  the  erection  of  a  fort 
containing  "  fifty  houses,  besides  a  Church  and  a  Storehouse." 
A  large  supply  of  fresh  wat(>r  would  evidently  be  needed  for 
such  an  establishment  as  this.  At  the  present  day  the  water 
in  the  wells  on  the  peninsula  is  more  or  less  brackish,  which 
in  all  probability  has  always  been  the  case.  Snch  a  pond, 
then,  would  be  of  great  value  to  a  fortress.  This  fact,  and 
the  adaptation  of  the  land  to  such  a  building,  seem  to  be  deci- 
sive as  to  the  locality  of  the  fort. 

The  satisfaction  of  being  able  to  determine  with  a  tolerable 
degree  of  accuracy,  the  j)recise  spot  where  this,  the  earliest  but 
one  of  the  colonies  in  the  Northern  United  States,  passed  a 
number  of  months,  will,  it  is  hoped,  be  a  snfTicient  apology  for 
the  space  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  this  (piestion.  While 
everything  relating  to  this  colony  will  no  doubt  prove  interest- 
ing to  members  of  the  Protestant  E|)iscopal  Church,  the  addi- 
tion here  made  to  the  previous  knowledge  of  it  cannot  be 
unacceptable  to  the  student  of  American  history. 


From  some  cause  or  other,  historians  have  done  but  very 
scanty  justice  to  the  interest  that  some  of  the  members  of  the 
Church  of  England  took  in  |ir()viding  for  the  spiritual  welfare 
of  those  who  attempted  to  colonize  the  then  inhospitable  re- 
gions of  this  western  world.  We  have  i^vvw  in  this  Note,  that 
a  colony  of  Fipiscopalians  in  Maine,  with  a  clergyman  of  their 
Church  as  their  chaplain,  and  as  one  of  th(Mr  "Assistants," 
preceded  that  of  the  Puritans  in  Plymouth  by  thirteen  years. 
We  now  propose  to  show  that  another  jiart  of  North  America 
witnessed  the  celebration  of  divine  worship,  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supjier,/or///-/j/v;  years 
before  the  "  Pilgrims"  landed  on  these  shores. 


244 


N  C)  T  E  S  . 


lu  the  reign  of  Ciupoii  Eliz;ibrtli,  Capt.  Martin  Frobisher 
made  three  voyages  to  the  continent  of  North  America.  In 
the  attempt  to  discover  a  shorter  passage  to  China  than  that 
by  the  way  of  the  Cape  of  (iood  Hope,  he  struck  boldly  for 
the  west.  He  finally  reached  a  point  far  north  of  Labrador, 
and  in  G'P  N.  latitude  discovered  the  straits  which  have  ever 
since  borne  his  iiiimc  He  returned  to  England.  :ind  the  next 
year  a  motley  collection  of  miners,  gold-fmers,  biikers,  ( iir|)en- 
ters,  and  gentlemen,  with  thirty  soldiers  and  forty  seamen, 
were  embarked  on  board  of  "  liftc'cn  sayle  of  good  ships," 
which  reached  their  former  harbor  in  safety  in  the  summer  of 
1578.  IBefore  sailing  from  England  certain  regulations  for  the 
guidance  of  the  adventurers  were  drawn  up,  of  which  what 
follows  is  an  extract : — 

"  Articles  and  orders  to  be  obserued  for  the  Fleete,  set  down 
by  Capt.  Frobisher,  Gencrall,  6cl: 

"  I.  Inprimis,  to  banish  swearing,  dic«?  and  card  ])laying 
and  filthy  communication  and  to  serue  God  twice*  a  day  with 
the  ordinary  seruice  of  usuail  in  the  Churches  of  England,  and 
to  clear  the  glasse*  according  to  the  old  order  of  England." — 
Hackluut,  (Ed.  IfiOO,)  Vol.  iii.,  p.  74. 

They  arrived  at  their  destination  ''  upon  the  one  and  thirtieth 
of  July."  "Here  every  man  greatly  rejoiced  of  their  happie  meet- 
ing and  welcomed  one  another  after  the  sea  manner  with  their 
great  Ordinance;  and  when  each  partie  had  ripped  up  their 
sundry  fortunes  and  perils  past,  tiiey  highly  praysed  God,  and 
altogether  upon  their  knees  gaue  him  due,  humble  and  hearty 
thanks,  and  Maister  Wolfall,  a  learned  man  and  apjiointed  by 
her  Maicties  Counccll  to  be  their  Minister  and  rrcacher,  made 
unto  them  a  godly  sermon,  exhorting  them  es|)ecially  to  be 
thankful!  to  CJod  for  their  strange  and  miraculous  ileliueranc-e 
in  those  so  dangerous  jilaces,  and  putting  them  in  mind  of  the 
uncertaintie  of  man's  life,  willed  them  to  make  themselues 
always  readie  as  resolute  men  tt)  enjoy  and  accept  thankfully 
whatsoeuer  aduenture  his  diuine  Prouidenee  should  apjioint. 
This   Maister  Wolfall,  being  well  seated  and  settled  at  home 

•  Hour  glass. 


>'OTES,  245 

in  his  owne  Countery,  with  a  good  and  large  liuing,  hauing  a 
good  honest  woman  to  wife  and  very  towardly  ehihlren,  being 
of  good  reputation  among  the  best,  refused  not  to  take  in  hand 
this  painfull  voyage,  for  the  only  care  he  had  to  saue  soules, 
and  to  reforme  those  Infidels,  if  it  were  possible,  to  Christian- 
itie :  and  also  partly  for  the  great  desire  he  had  that  this  nota- 
ble voyage  so  well  begunne,  might  be  brought  to  perfection  : 
and  therefore  he  was  contented  to  stay  there  the  whole  yeare 
if  occasion  had  serued,  being  in  every  necessary  action  as  for- 
ward as  the  resolutest  man  of  all.  Wherefore  in  this  behalfe 
he  may  rightly  be  called  a  true  Pastor  and  Minister  of  God's 
word,  which  for  the  profite  of  his  flocke  spared  not  to  venture 
his  owne  life." — Ibid.^  iii.,  84. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  "  Maister  Wolfall  *  •  preached 
a  godly  sermon,  which  being  ended,  he  celebrated  also  a  Com- 
munion upon  the  land,  at  the  partaking  whereof  was  the  Cap- 
taine  of  the  Anne  Francis,  and  many  other  Gentlemen  and 
Souldiers,  Mariners  and  Miners  with  him.  This  celebration 
of  the  diuine  mystery  was  the  first  signe,  scale  and  confirma- 
tion of  Christ's  name  death  and  passion  euer  knowen  in  these 
quarters.  The  said  M.  made  sermons,  and  celebrated  the 
Communion  at  sundry  other  times  in  sencraille  and  sundry 
ships,  because  the  wiiole  company  could  neuer  meet  together 
at  any  one  place." — Ibid.,  iii.,  91. 

No  American  historian,  it  is  believed,  has  noticed  any  of  the 
above  interesting  facts  respecting  the  religious  features  in  this 
expedition,  though  some  have  spoken  at  length  of  Frobisher's 
voyages,  as  connected  with  the  discovery  and  colonization  of 
the  American  continent. 


A  discovery  of  somewhat  recent  date,  on  an  island  near  ihe 
shores  of  Main(%  promises  to  give  additional  plausibility  to  the 
theory  that  the  coasts  of  North  Aiuerica  were  visited  by  North- 
men some  centuries  before  natives  of  England  or  France  came 
hither.  In  1808,  a  gentleman  in  Bath,  Maine,  communicated 
to  the   Rev.  William  Jenks,  D.  D.,  well  known  as  an  aci-oni- 


24()  NOTES. 

plished  OritMitiil  scholar,  a  sketch  of  some  singuliir  characters 
foiiiul  "on  the  side  of  a  U'di^o  of  rock,  near  the  middle  of  tlie 
little  Island  of  Maiiaiias,  which  is  separated  from  Monhegan 
Islaiul  only  hy  a  narrow  strait  that  forms  the  harbor  of  the  lat- 
ter." At  the  annual  meeting  (tf  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  in  May,  ISol,  Dr.  .lenks  made  a  communi- 
cation rrsp(>eting  the  characters  referred  to.  Since  that  time 
an  accm-atc  transcript  lias  been  made  of  the  inscription.  'J'he 
characters  an-  eighteen  in  number,  and  Dr.  .lenks  has  now  no 
doubt  that  they  are  Runic  in  their  origin.  As  in  the  case  of 
the  inscription  on  the  rock  at  Dighton,  Mass.,  "only  some  six 
or  seven  characters  are  claimed  to  be  Runic,  or  even  Plm-ni- 
cian,  Piuiic,  or  foreign,"  should  it  be  established  beyond  a  rea- 
sonable doubt  that  this  inscription  at  Monhegan  is  Runic,  the 
State  of  Maine  will  present  greater  claims  to  the  interest  of  the 
historian  and  antiquary  than  has  heretofore  been  allowed  to  it. 
Dr.  .lenks  says,  in  Hay  ward's  Gazetteer,  p.  64  :  "  We  cannot, 
perhaps,  venture  to  assert  that  the  coast  had  never  been  visitrd 
by  iMiropeans  before  the  voyage  of  Cabot,  or  those  of  the 
Spaniards,  who,  with  the  French,  seem  to  have  been  upon  it 
at  an  t-ariy  date.  But  on  a  small  island  very  near  Monhegan, 
was  discovered  in  1808,  an  inscrij^tion  of  rather  a  curious  kind 
made  on  the  side  of  a  rock.  It  might  possibly  countenance 
the  hypothesis,  which  has  of  late  been  entertained  with  so 
much  approbation  and  interest  by  the  Danish  antitpiaries,  that 
America  was  visited  by  Scandinavians  or  Icelanders,  long  be- 
fore Columbus.  Yet  the  inscription  seems  to  be  too  simple  to 
be  resolved  into  R\ini(  characters.  On  the  top  of  the  rock 
were  found  three  holes,  al)oiit  one  foot  apart,  rather  deeply 
perforated,  and  calculatcxl  to  accommodate  a  tripod.  The 
island  is  called  Mananas,  or  Mciiaimali,  and  is  described  by 
Williamson  ;  although  so  far  as  is  known  to  the  writer,  the 
above  inscription  has  never  before  met  the  public  eye.  It  is 
the  only  one  of  wliiili  he  has  heard  as  existing  in  Maine;  and 
whether  it  were  the  result  of  mere  idleness,  or  made  to  score  a 
reckoning,*  or  has  a  meaning  of  a  ditTerent  kind,  we  will  not 


•  This  rock  is  cither  granite  or  gneiss.     Is  it  probable  that  any  one  would  "  score  a 
reckoning  "  in  so  hard  a  substance  ? 


N  O  T  E  s .  247 

undertake  to  determine.  The  holes  are  an  inch  cieej)  or  morr, 
and  near  three  inches  in  diameter.  The  strokes  are  cut  to 
the  depth  of  nearly  half  an  inch,  and  are  about  six  inches  in 
length,  as  our  informant*  stated.  A  spring  is  near,  and  the 
shore  about  thirty  rods  off.  The  ledge  of  rock  is  near  the 
centre  of  the  little  island,  and  runs  about  N.  NE.and  8.  8\V.*' 


NOTE  C. 

CPa«eT4.] 

"The  ancient  colony  of  New  Plymouth,  having  met  with 
many  losses  and  discouragements  in  their  trade  at  Kcnnebeck, 
in  1661  conveyed  their  lands  to  Antipas  Bois,  Edward  Tyng, 
Thomas  Brattle  and  John  Winslow,  with  all  the  privileges  of 
the  Patent,  for  the  sum  of  £400  sterling. 

"But  the  frequent  wars  and  coiumotions  which  disturbed  the 
l^astern  country  prevented  these  gentlemen  and  their  heirs 
from  making  any  improvements.  And  besides,  this  territorv, 
being  seldom  visited,  was  generally  esteemed  only  a  barren 
tract,  in  a  severe  climate  and  a  remote  and  wilderness  country. 
At  length,  Mr.  Samuel  Cloodwin,  of  Charlestown,  (Mass,,) 
now  Major  Goodwin  of  Pownalboro',  having  obtained  some 
intelligence  from  his  ancestors  concerning  the  above-mentioned 
purchase,  and  having  procured  a  twenty-fourth  part  from  his 
father,  engaged  with  resolution  in  the  affair.  But  the  original 
Patent,  by  which  they  were  entitled  to  reassume  the  possession 
could  not  l)e  found,  and  a  majority  of  the  proprietors  imagined 
it  lost  beyond  recovery ;  it  was  therefore  his  first  concern,  to 
acquire,  if  possible,  this  necessary  instrument:  and  it  was  with 
indefatigable  industry,  unwearied  application,  and  a  great 
expense,  he  was  able  to  obtain  j)rt)per  intelligence  of  said 
Patent.  After  searching  a  multitude  of  Records,  he  found  it 
in  the  hands  of  Samuel  Wells,  Esq.,  one  of  the  Commission- 
ers for  settling  the  bounds  between  the  late  Colony  of  Plymouth 
and  that  of  Rhode  Island.     This  Patent  had  been  long  cou- 

•The  late  Major  JuMir.v  Shaw,  of  Bath,  Maine. 


248  NOTES. 

cealcd  l)y  an  ancirnt  woman  with  a  view,  it  is  prcsumod,  of 
makinj^  sonw  ailvantaj^o  to  herself,  or  family,  and  it  was  linally 
wrested  out  of  her  possession  by  a  stratagem,  and  delivered 
to  the  ahove  Commissioners  in  order  to  assist  in  their  deter- 
minations. Mr.  Goodwin  obtained  an  order  from  the  (Jeneral 
Court,  directing  Mr.  Wells  to  resign  the  Patent,  and  having  in 
this  manner  procnred  the  original  conveyance,  prevailed  with 
a  number  of  gentlemen  to  be  concerned  by  purchase,  and  Mr. 
Bowdoin,  Vassal,  Hancock,  Dr.  (Jardiner,  Ilallowell,  and  other 
wealthy  persons  were  engaged,  and  foriiu'd  tiiemselves  into  a 
compiuiy,  and  the  first  meeting  was  held,  agreeable  to  a  war- 
rant, in  1749. 

"Mr.  Goodwin,  by  order  of  the  proprietors,  began  his  surveys 
in  17;')0,  and  continued  in  that  employ  through  the  whole  sum- 
mer, notwithstanding  the  Indians,  by  their  motions,  had  terri- 
fied all  the  inhabitants  into  garrison.'' 

The  above  is  tak(Mi  from  a  MS.  History  of  New  England, 
by  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey.  As  he  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy  wiUi 
Major  (loodwin  it  is  probable  that  he  obtained  his  information 
from  him.  The  following  also  occurs  in  the  same  "History, 
&c:"  ''Towards  the  end  of  snnuuer,  1751,  a  number  of 
Protestants  arrived  at  Boston  from  CJermany,  who  had  been 
enticed  from  their  native  country  in  consequence  of  pomj^ous 
advertisements  and  specious  promises.  About  fifty  families 
of  these  strangers  were  prevailed  upon  by  the  Plymouth  Com- 
pany to  settle  under  their  protection.  They,  with  several 
others  of  Irish  a::d  English  extraction,  were  conducted  to 
Kennebeck  by  Major  Goodwin,  where  they  began  a  settlement 
upon  a  commodious  neck  of  land  opposite  to  Richmond,  and 
almost  thirty  miles  from  the  ocean. 

"But  before  they  could  enter  upon  their  voyage  to  the  East- 
ward winter  came  on  with  uncommon  severity,  and  it  was 
with  extreme  dilliculty  they  reached  Fort  Richmond,  about  the 
begiiming  of  March,  17'):2.  In  order  to  secure  the  iidiabitants 
of  this  new  plantation,  called  Frankfort,  from  any  disturb- 
ance, the  Plymouth  Company  agreed  to  erect  a  fort  about 
one  mile  and  a  (piarter  above  Richmond  on  the  eastern 
shore,  near  a  famous  carrying  place  from  the  Keiuiebeck  into 


NOTES.  249 

Mundooscotoock,  or  Eastern  River.  This  fortification  was 
named  Fort  Shirley,  in  honour  of  the  Governor;  a  wall  of 
palisadoes  enclosed  a  square  of  two  hundred  feet,  two  strong 
block  houses,  mounted  with  cannon  were  erected  at  opposite 
angles,  and  several  barracks,  for  the  reception  of  soldiers."' 

Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  states  in  a  communication  to  the  Boston 
Eveiiinff  Post,  November  4th,  1778,  that  it  had  been  asserted 
"that  the  first  settlers  of  West  Pownalboro'  emigrated  from 
Franckfort,  in  Germany,  but  upon  enquiry  it  appears  that  not 
a  single  family  came  eitjicr  from  that  city  or  its  jurisdiction. 
It  is  true  that  six  or  seven  families,  chiefly  of  French  Protest- 
ants, who  had  been  expelled  France  for  their  religion,  issued 
from  the  neighbouring  territories;  several  other  Dutch  Luther- 
ans were  collected  from  the  different  parts  of  the  Empire,  to 
which  we  may  add  a  number  of  families  from  about  Mount 
Billiard,  who  speak  a  dialect  of  the  French." 

The  following,  extracted  from  Hawkins's  "Missions  of  the 
Church  of  England,"'  p.  3o(5,  is  inserted  here  to  show  that 
emigrations  from  the  same  j)art  of  Europe  just  mentioned, 
were  going  on  to  other  parts  of  the  British  American  Colonies, 
and  also  that  these  emigrants  readily  conformed  to  the  Church 
of  England.  "In  1752,  Mr.  Moreau"  (a  Missionary  ai  Halifax, 
N.  S.)  "reported  that  oOO  Protestants  of  the  Confession  of 
Augsburgh,  recently  arrived  in  Nova  Scotia  from  Montbelliard, 
had  joined  thmselves  to  the  Church  of  England,  and  desired 
to  partake  of  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  SupjKT.  They 
received  copies  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  in  French, 
with  the  greatest  satisfaction,  which  they  showed  by  kissing 
the  books  and  iMr.  Moreau's  hand  as  he  distributed  them.'' 


NOTE  D. 

[rnt;i>77.] 


It  seems  proper  to  record  such   information  as  is  preserved, 
concerning  the  first  Church  Missionary  that  officiated  cast  of 
Casco,  (now  Portland.) 
32 


250 


NOTES. 


Of  tlir  (inio  or  place  of  his  hirtli,  we  have  no  knowledge, 
nor  do  we  know  where  he  reeeiv«*d  his  education. 

The  first  notice  we  have  of  him,  is  in  the  very  laborious  and 
correct  edition  of  Smith's  Journal,  by  Wm.  Willis,  Esq.,  of 
Portland,  .Maine.  .Mr.  Willis  says,  on  page  83,  Note  1  :  "In 
Novi'inber,  (17*.]«>)  the  Presbyterian  party  of  the  Irish  emigrants 
in  Portland,  iiistnlird  Rev.  William  McClanethan,  a  staunch 
snj^porter  of  that  persuasion  from  the  \orth  of  Ireland  :  but 
they  were  tinal)le  to  support  him,  and  he  went  to  Georgetown 
and  Hrunswiek  and  finally  to  Chelsea" 

The  f«)llowing  is  copied  from  General  Scwall's  History  of 
Bath,  published  in  collections  of  Maine  Historical  Society, 
Vol.  ii.  p.  '220.  s.  "The  Church  first  established  in  the 
County  of  Lincoln,  was  at  Georgetown.  The  members  were 
Presbyterians.  In  1734,'  Rev.  William  .McLanathan  was  or- 
dained as  an  evangelist,  and  officiated  there  until  1774.  The 
house  of  worship  was  near  the  Mansion  house  of  the  late 
Major  Lithgow  where  Mr.  McLanathan  usually  ofificiatrd,f 
but  whether  Mr.  McLanathan  had  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church,  we  are  not  informed."  Divisions  arose  and  two  so- 
cieties were  established.  The  Pastor  of  the  second  Society, 
having  left  the  place,  Mr.  Mac  Lanathan  ofliciated  for  both 
Societies  one  year,  on  a  salary  of  £200. 

In  the  Church  Records  of  Chelsea,  Mass.  is  the  following: 
«  Olio.  19///,  1747.  Voted,  that  the  town's  Committee  be 
desired  to  re(piest  and  agree  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  William  Mc. 
Clenachan  to  preach  for  the  further  term  of  two  months  on 
probation." 

On  the  13th  o^  April,  174X,  "Mr.  Mc  Clenachan  was  chosen, 
by  a  great  majority,  Colleague  with  the  Rev.  Thomas  Cheever," 
Pastor  of  the  Congregational  Society  in  the  above-named 
town.      It  is  afterwards  stateil   in  the  same   Records  that   the 


•This  date  cannot  be  reconciled  with  the  one  previously  given,  1736.  The  Utter 
however,  must  be  correct,  as  it  occurs  in  a  journal  of  daily  occurrences,  for  many  jears 
kept  by  Rev.  Thomas  Sn  ith,  Pastor  of  the  first  CingrcRationnl  Pari-h  in  Portland 

t  There  is  reason  to  think  that  this  building  was  not  erected  till  many  years  after- 
wards, .ind  then  for  the  services  of  the  Church  of  England.  M.ijor  Lithgow's  house, 
was  built  in  1766. 


NOTES.  251 

town  had  concurred  with  the  Church  in  the  above  choice  "by 
a  very  great  majority.""  In  tiie  letter  prepared  to  be  sent  to 
the  Churches  invited  to  assist  in  the  installation  of  Mr.  Mc.  C, 
he  is  spoken  of  as  "late  of  Blanford."  The  installation  took 
place  on  the  21st  December,  1748.  •  .  •  • 

"Dt'f.  ls//(tj  1754.  The  Church  met  by  appointment.  Rev. 
Mr.  Mc.  Clenachan  desired  the  Church  would  dismiss  him  from 
his  Pastoral  relation  to  this  Church,  and  insisted  thereon. 
Upon  which,  voted,  unanimously,  not  to  dismiss  him. 

'■''Dec.  '2'Jt/i,  17'j4.  The  aforesaid  Mr.  Mc.  Clenachan  having 
dissolved  his  relation  to  this  Church,  by  leaving  them  contrary 
to  the  above  vote,  was  received,  confirmed,*  and  partook  of 
the  Lord"s  Supper  under  the  establishment  of  the  Chnnh  of 
England,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  Cutler.""  f 

On  the  21?t  March,  17'3o,  Mr.  Maclenachan  was  appointed 
by  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts, 
as  their  Missionary  to  the  "Eastern  Frontier  of  Massachusetts 
Bay,"'  and  his  salary  commenced  from  the  Christmas  preced- 
ing. He  must  have  been  in  London  previous  to  the  former 
date,  ^nd  have  taken  Orders  in  the  Church  of  England.  He 
did  not,  however,  embark  for  America  till  August  of  that  year. 
He  landed  in  Boston,  October  10th  of  that  year,  and  remained 
there  during  the  following  winter,  assigning  as  a  reason  for 
this  course  that  he  did  not  think  it  safe  to  carry  his  family,  on 
the  eve  of  winter,  to  the  place  of  his  Mission,  where  no  house 
was  provided  for  them.  However,  in  May,  17'"j(i,  he  removed 
to  Fort  Richmond,  using  thi?  ruinous  structure,  a  part  of  the 
time  at  least,  as  an  habitation. 

"The  Society  (P.  G.)  on  complaint  of  iiis  delays,  had 
stopped  his  salary:  but  on  his  writing  from  his  Mission,  |)rom- 
ising  diligence  and  expressing  his  hope  to  be  continued,  they 
restored  it  December  1756.  And  on  his  recpiesting,  in  .June 
and  October,  1758,  to  be  removed,  the  Society  ordered  him 
£10  each  time  as  an  encouragement,  fearing  from  his  rcpre- 


•It  can  hardly  be  necessary  to  remind  the  intelligent  reader  that  this  is  a  mistake. 
As  there  was  no  Protestant  Uishop  in  America  until  after  the  ReTolution,  of  coune 
confirmation  could  not  be  administered. 

t  Rector  of  Christ's  Church,  Boston,  Mass. 


2'>2  NOTES, 

sentation^  that  a  sucrcssor  of  sullicicnt  rosolution  and  activity 
could  not  easily  !)•'  i?ot/'  The  p<*()[ile  of  Prankfort  stated  that 
he  did  not  stay  with  thcni  but  till  Dec.  l?'*^,*  He  first  went 
to  Virginia,  then  t«)  Philadelphia,  ''from  which  city  ho  sent, 
Jnne  2'2d,  17')i),  his  lirst  notification  to  the  Society  of  his 
rosipnini:^  his  Mission;  and  desired  to  have  his  salary  paid  till 
tnidsnniin«'r,  alleginji^  that  it  wanted  btit  two  days  of  the  time. 
This  the  Society  praiiii-d  of  course:  not  suspecting  that  In- 
had  left  the  place  of  his  .Mission  six  months  before,  which  he 
ought  fairly  to  have  told  them.  And  thus  he  received  his 
salary  for  four  years  and  a  half,  besides  gratuities  of  £20,  and 
were  but  two  years  and  a  half  upon  his  post." 

Mr.  Maclenachan  thus  left  his  Mission  on  the  Kennebec  with- 
out the  usual  notification  to  the  Society  of  such  an  intention, 
and  accepted  an  invitation  to  some  church  in  Virginia,  but 
omitted  to  go  there,  "  though  he  had  received  such  marks  of 
favour,  that  he  ought  to  think  himself  obliged  to  serve  them." 

Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Philadelphia,  the  W-stry  of 
Christ  Church  in  that  city,  chose  him  assistant  to  the  Rector, 
Rev.  Dr.  Jenney. 

There  being  already  one  assistant  in  that  Church,  and  one 
previously  recommended  as  the  second,  the  Rector  tleclined  to 
sign  the  ap|)lication  for  a  license  to  Mr.  McL.  and  signified  to 
the  Bishop  of  London  that  he  disapproved  of  the  candidate. 

In  answer  to  a  letter  of  the  Vestry  of  Christ  Church,  the 
Bishop  of  London  wrote,  March  2()th,  1760,  refusing  to  give 
Mr.  McL.  the  license  desired,  for  the  reasons  stated,  whereupon, 
an  ai)plication  was  made  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  to 
obtain  from  him  what  had  been  desired.  This  was  acconi|ia- 
nied  by  a  letter  in  Mr.  Mi-L's  favor,  from  18  Presbi/terinii  Min- 
isters, convened  in  Philadelphia!  To  these  documents,  His 
Grace  replied  at  some  length  in  a  letter  to  Mr,  McL.,  mider 
date  of  October  9tli,  17t)0. 

In  this  letter  he  points  out,  (among  other  things,)  the  ex- 


•  "  Mr.  Mac  Clenach.in  ofliciatcd  amon^  us  but  a  little  while,  \\r.. :  from  May,  17.56, 
to  Dec.  17-38." — Coj^y  of  a  Pctitiun  to  the  Society  P.  C,  among  Jirv.  Juroh  Bailii/s 
Paper's. 


NOTES.  253 

treme  indelicacy  "f  applying  to  liiin  in  a  matter  wliicli  was 
entirely  witliin  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Bishop  of  liOiKlon,and 
mildly,  yet  severely  rebukes  Mr.  McL.  for  his  eotiduet.  The 
Archbishop  says:  "t)uglit  it  not  to  give  you  a  further  distrust 
of  your  proceedings,  that  no  one  Clergyman  of  the  ('hurch  of 
England  in  America,  hath  declared  himself  to  approve  Them  : 
and  that  the  Convention  of  Clergymen  which  met  at  Hhiladci- 
phia  last  May,  have  strongly  expressed  their  disapprobation  of 
your  behaviour  both  in  that  Convention  and  out  of  it  ;  and 
have  signified  that  they  would  not  sutler  you  to  preach  in  any 
of  their  pulpits  '?" 

Mr.  Maclenachan  stated,  in  his  letter  to  the  Archbishop, 
"that  he  had  been  favoured  with  the  occasional  use  of  the 
State  House  in  Avhich  to  olliciate,  and  was  followed  by  a  mul- 
titude of  people  of  ail  denominations."  Mr.  Maclenachan  is 
also  said  to  have  b(>en  the  founder  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  probably  removed  shortly  after  To  New  Jer- 
sey, for  in  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  Colin  Campbell,  December 
26th,  1761,  he  laments  "  that  his  congregation  at  Mount  Holly, 
which  was  very  flourishing,  has  been  hurt  by  some  enthusias- 
tical  people  of  Mr.  Maclenaghan's  party,  who  pretend  that  Mr. 
Maclenaghan  is  the  only  preacher  of  Christ  in  America,  and 
all  the  rest  are  Antinomians."  But  from  another  letter,  writ- 
ten about  six  months  after,  by  Mr.  Campl)ell,  it  appears  that 
th(?se  people  were  "  reduced  to  a  sense  of  their  sin  in  a  caiise- 
less  separation,  and  are  returning  daily  to  th(Mr  proper  fold." 

The  authorities  for  the  statcuuMits  in  the  first  part  of  this 
Note  have  been  giviMi.  I'\)r  the  facts  in  the  history  of  Mr. 
Maclenachan,  after  his  ordination  in  the  Church  of  I'wiglanil, 
and  for  some  of  the  language  used  in  narrating  them,  I  am 
indebted  to  a  letter  of  Archbishop  Seeker,  published  in  the 
"True  Catholic,"  No.  LXH.,  p.  80,  s.  s.,  and  No.  LXIII.,  p. 
120,  s.  s.;  also  to  Rev.  Dr.  Dorr's  "  History  of  Christ  Church, 
Philadelphia,"  p.  119,  120,  122,  and  Bishop  Doanc's  "Sermon 
at  the  Consecration  of  St.  Mary's  Church,  Burlington,  N.  .I.,"' 
Dec.  23d,  1834,  p.  lo,  Note  '. 

That  Mr.  Maclenachan  was  a  man  of  an  ardent  tcMiiperament 
is  sufficiently  obvious  from  the  above  sketch.     His  uncommon 


254  NOTES. 

powers  of  pulpit  oratory,  lestilietl  by  his  admirers  and  lliose 
%vho  bore  witness  to  the  crowds  who  followed  him,  an;  also 
acknowledged  in  the  traditions  remaining  of  him  in  the  town 
of  Chelsea,  where  he  passed  six  years.  But  these  traditions 
are  unfavorable  to  him  in  other  respei-ts.  The  writer  has  been 
assured  i)y  an  aged  and  intelligent  resident  of  that  place,  that 
when  he  was  a  boy  it  was  said  by  the  old  people  of  the  town, 
"  that  when  Mr.  Maclenaelian  was  in  the  |)ul|)it  he  ought 
never  to  come  out  of  it,  and  when  he  was  out  of  the  pulpit  he 
ought  never  to  go  into  it."  The  same  person  also  stated  that 
Mr.  Maclenaehan  occasionally  indulged  in  the  excessive  use 
of  ardent  spirits.  Mr.  Maclenaehan  had  been  settled  as  the 
colleague  of  Rev.  Thomas  Cheever.  Mr.  Cheever  died  at  an 
advanced  age  in  less  than  two  years  after  this  settlement.  As 
he  felt  called  upon  in  the  last  days  of  his  life  to  join  with 
others  in  "  a  petition  to  the  General  Court  that  they  might  be 
erected  into  a  new  Parish,"*  it  is  to  be  presumed  that  the  con- 
duct of  Mr.  Maclenaehan,  even  during  the  early  years  of  his 
ministry  in  Chelsea,  must  have  been  very  objectionable  to  the 
venerable  pastor  and  some  of  his  Christian  brethren.  We 
know  not  what  induced  Rev.  Dr.  Cutler  to  receive  Mr.  Mac- 
lenaehan among  his  comnuinicants.  He,  however,  must  after- 
wards have  regretted  his  agency  in  promoting  the  change  of 
Mj.  Maclenachan's  religious  relations.  Nor  was  the  time  of 
experiencing  this  regret  deferred  till  the  troubles  in  Philadel- 
phia, occasioned  by  him  in  whom  he  had  taken  such  an  inter- 
est. VoT  the  Archbishop,  in  the  letter  to  Mr.  Maclenaehan 
which  has  been  spoken  of,  states  that  it  "  hath  been  reported 
that  you  had  hired  a  house  in  Boston  for  a  year,  and  that  you 
attempted  to  j)rocure  a  settlement  in  Dr.  Cutler's  Church  till 
you  were  forbidden  his  pulpit."  Mr.  Maclenaehan  seems  to 
have  deliberately  deceived  his  |)atrons  in  England,  by  obtain- 
ing from  them  a  salary  for  a  time  in  which  no  services  were 
rendered.  The  influence  of  a  clergyman  of  such  a  character, 
could  not  have  been  beneficial  to  any  congregation,  and  while 
his  residence  on  the  Kennebec  must  have  been  irksome  to  his 

•  Chelsea  Town  Records,  Dec.  18th,  1749. 


NOTES.  255 


pride,  it  may  fairly  be  presumed  tiiat  ho  did  little  to  recom- 
mend the  communion,  of  which  he  was  a  minister,  to  the  peo- 
ple of  his  charge,  or  to  promote  the  progress  of  morality  and 


religion. 


NOTE    D^ 

ri'age  73.] 

In  the  following,  copied  from  an  Almanac  for  1764,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  usual  way  of  travel  in  the  region  of  the  Ken- 
nebec was  as  stated  in  the  text.  "  Long  Reach,"  there  named, 
is  the  present  city  of  Bath,  or,  more  strictly,  that  portion  of 
the  Kennebec  River  wliich  passes  in  front  of  that  city.  The 
traveller  could  pursue  his  journey  on  land  till  he  reached  that 
place,  when,  if  he  wished  to  go  further,  he  must  take  a  water 
conveyance.  The  extract  will  also  prove  interesting,  it  is 
trusted,  as  enabling  the  reader  to  compare  the  way  of  travel- 
ling into  Maine  a  century  since  with  that  which  now  exists. 
At  the  present  time  a  large  steamboat  leaves  Boston  for  the 
Kennebec  twice  every  week  in  ihe  summer,  while  a  railroad 
conveyance  is  afforded  twice  every  day  to  the  same  region. 

ROAD  FROM  BOSTON  EASTWARD. 

Ljmn — Norwood, 7     ,  Rinor, 0 

Salem — Pnilt, 8^   Falmoiitli— Freeman, 8 

Wenliam — Porter, <)     New  Casco — Butman,       ....  8 

Ipswjcli— Troadwell,       .     .     .     .  i')h   Nortli  Yarmoutli — Mitchell,       .     .  7 

Newbury  IJrid^e— Hale,     .     .     .  7A       "             "         —Woods,  CoHin,  .  G 

Newbury — D;ivenport,  Clioato,     .  4^   Brunswick— Ross, 10 

Hampton  Fnlls — Sanborn,  ...  7     ,  Thompson, 4 

Greenl-i ml— Chirk, 9i  Georgetown— Springer,    ....  8 

Port.<mo<uh-Stoodley,  Foss,  .     .  r.A  Lo.no  Reac.i,  by  watkr,  to 

Old  York- Iiiirraham,     ....!'„         „  ,      ^ 

WelKs-LiUlcfield, 14     •  ownalborough-Lovejoy,    ...  1.. 

.,  o  Fort  Western, Hi 

,  Stiller, -i 

,r         1       ,      I'-    u  n  rr  Fort  Halifax, 17 

KentH'liiiiik  —  Kimtiali,    ....•>., 

,        ,   ,,     r>  „  .1  Norrid^rewajk, 27 

Anm(h:ll — Patten, 2  ",        ,  ' 

„.,,  J-     1     I     ij  -  Great  (  arrving  Place,      .     .     .     .SO 

Biddeford  — Ladd, '  ^,       ,        '^     , 

,,      ,  L     AJiii  Q  Chaudiere,  Quebec. 

Scarborough — MiUiken, .     .     .     .  o 


256  NOTES. 


NOTK   E. 

Pititidii    to    thf    Society    for    Propagating    the    (lospcl    in 
Forrigii  Parts: — 

"Ri-.vr.imND  Sir: — Wr,  the  inhabitants  of  Franckfort  on  the 
KcnnrlM'ck   River,  heg  h-ave  to  express  our  aeknowledginents 
of  the  Society's  goodness  in  sending  a  Missionary  to  this  truly 
necessitous  place,  without  the  assistance  of  whose  compassion 
we  and  our  posterity  are  in  danger  of  losing  all  sense  of  religion, 
or  else  of  being  seduced  by  Popish  Missionaries,  who  not  or)ly 
have    been  industrious  heretofore  in  these  parts  in  seducing 
His    Majesty's    subjects  and  settlers  upon  this  Frontier,  but 
probably  upon  a  peace  will  revive  their  attempts.     We  there- 
fore humbly  pray  the   Society  will  be  pleased  to  supply  this 
Mission  now  vacant  by  the  removal  of  the  Reverend   Mr.  Mc. 
Clemuuhan,  who  indeed  olHciated  among  us  but  a  little  while, 
viz.,  from  May,  17'JG  to  December,  17o8,  though  we  did  every- 
thing in  our  power  to  maUe  his  continuance  easy.     We  are 
indeed  very  poor,  being  a  frontier  settlement,  hitherto  prevented 
from  cultivating  our  lands  to   advantage  by  being  exposed  to 
the  incursions  of  a  barbarous  enemy,  yet  we  shall  continue  to 
provide  for  a  minister  to  the  utmost  of  our  ability  if  the  Ven- 
erable Society  will  please  to  send  us  one.     Particularly  w< 
shall  contribute  at  least  as  much  as  we  have  heretofore  tlone, 
which,  including  the  cultivated  land  and  estate  put  into  our 
former  Minister's  possession,  was  not  less  than  twenty  .£stlg. 
])er  annum.     We  have  a  glebe  of  two  hundred  acres  of  good 
land,  and  as  soon  as  we  enjoy  the  blessings  of  |)eace  we  jjrom- 
ise  to  build  a  Church  and  Parsonage  house,  and  till  that  happy 
time  comes  we  can  have  Ric  Innond  fort  for  a  mansion  house 
for  the  Minister,  and  the  chapel  belonging  to  the  garrison  for  a 
church,  and  the  farm  round  the  fort  for  a  glebe,  which  is  already 
under  cultivation  and  very  valuable.     We  hear  one  Mr.  Bailey, 
a  sober,  prudent  and  well  disposed  young  man,  is  willing  to 
undertake  this  Mission,  and  with  the  approbation  of  the  Rev, 
Clergy  of  Boston  will  proceed  to  England  for  Holy  Orders, 


NOTES, 


257 


and  offers  himself  to  this  service.  \Vc  pray  the  Society  will 
favour  this  motion,  as  the  gentleman,  by  what  we  can  hear  of 
him,  will  be  likely  to  continue,  and  perhaps  spend  his  days 
among  us. 

Humbly  hoping  the  Society's  indulgence  to  this  our  recjucst, 
we  beg  leave  to  subscribe  ourselves.  Rev.  Sir, 

Your  very  distressed,  tho'  most  obliged 

and  obedient  servants, 
Fkankfort  on  Kennkdeck  uivkr,  ) 
Nov.  21,  175i».       i 
A  true  copy. 


Tiinotliy  Whiden. 

iiis 
Martin  ><  Haley. 

mark. 
Abraham  Wyiiian. 
Samuel  Marson. 
Stephen  Marson. 
Simon  VVyman. 
Elias  Cheney. 
Abner  Marson. 
Samuel  Hinds. 
Mauris  Wheeler. 

his 
Mark  X  Carney. 

mark. 
William  Storey. 
Ahiathar  Kendall. 
Jonathan  Bryant. 
Francis  Ridall. 
Samuel  Oldham. 

his 
Dennis  ^  Loins, 
mark. 

iiis 
Wm.X  Moor. 

mark. 
James  Goud. 
Jaccjucs  Bunyon. 
Peter  Pcchin. 
Frederick  Pechin. 
George  Pochard. 
Christopher  Pochard. 

33 


Abraham  Pochard. 
Adam  Couch. 
Amos  Paris. 
John  Paris. 
Obadiah  Call. 
James  Widden,  Jr. 
Lazarus  Noble. 
David  Thomas. 

his 
Joseph  X.  McFarling. 

mark. 
Benj.  Noble. 
Daniel  Goodwin. 
James  Wyman. 
John  Henry  Layer. 
John  Peter  Shoul. 
John  Heron. 
John  George  Guud. 
Charles  Estinay  Houdlet- 
George  Goud. 
Daniel  Goud. 
P'rederick  Jacijuecn. 
Ludovicus  Cassimirc  Mayer. 
Philip  Mayer. 
George  Mnyer. 
John  McGown. 
Michael  Stilphen. 
Thomas  Low. 
John  Andrews. 
Daniel  Malbonc. 
John  Poc:.ard. 
Philip  Fought. 


258  NOTES. 

NOTK    V. 

The  family  of  Mrs.  Bailey  were  amoiif^  the  first  in  social 
rank  in  the  then  Province  of  New  IIarii|ishirc.  Her  father 
was  a  j)hysician,  and  also  a  colonel.  At  that  day  professional 
men  were  regarded  with  a  di'<j;ree  of  esteem  and  respect  which 
has  now  to  a  gr(>at  extent  diminished  and  military  olllce  bronght 
an  cxtinsive  inlhience.  Besides  being  the  daughter  of  a  gen- 
tleman so  favored  l)y  position,  the  family  of  Mrs.  Bailey,  on 
the  mother's  side,  consisted  of  individuals  who  became  exten- 
sively known,  or  whose  descendants  performed  important  parts 
in  the  history  of  their  country.  It  is  thought  projuT  by  the 
writer  to  add  the  genealogy.  He  is  indebted  for  it  to  J.  Win- 
gate  Thornton,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  a  descendant,  who  has 
prepared  a  very  full  and  accurate  genealogy  of  the  Wingate 
family,  which  must  be  highly  interesting  to  all  persons  of  that 
name,  or  who  are  in  any  way  connected  with  that  family. 

Josni  A  Wingate,  born  at  Hampton,  N.  H.,  Feb.  2d,  1609 ; 
married  Nov.  9th,  1702,*  Mary  Lunt,  of  Newbury,  Mass.  (He 
commanded  a  company  at  the  siege  of  Louisburg,  C.  B.,  and 
was  afterwards  for  several  years  Colonel  of  Hampton  Regi- 
ment of  Militia.     Died,  Feb.  6th,  1769.) 

Children. 

1.  Rev.  Paine  Wingate,  m,  Mary  Balch.  Harvard  College 
1759;  afterwards  U.  S.  Senator,  and  Judge  of  Superior  Court 
of  New  Hampshire.     Died  in  1838. 

2.  Sarah,  in.  Dr.  Edrnnnd  Tappan,  of  Hampton,  N.  H. 

3.  Mary,  m.  Deacon  Timothy  Pickering,  of  Salem,  Mass., 
father  of  Hon.  Timothy  I'ickering,  grandfather  of  Hon.  John 
Pickering,  the  distinguished  Lexicographer  and  Oriental 
scholar.  , 

4.  Josiiua,  m.  Dorothy  Frees. 

5.  Jane,  in.  Rev.  Stephen  Chase,!  of  New  Castle,  N.  H. 


•  Also  Coffin's  Hintorj  of  Newbury,  p.  321. 
t  Spoken  of  in  the  pretious  Memoir,  p.  12. 


NOTES.  259 

6.  Abigail,  m.  John  Stickney. 

7.  Anna,  m. Marston,  of  Hampton,  N.  II. 

8.  Martha,  born    Marcii  30.   1718,  m.  Dr.  John    Wcrks,  of 
Hampton,  N.  II.,  Nov.  10,  1737. 

9.  Love,  m.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gookin,  of  Hampton,  N.  II. 

10.  Elizabeth,  m.  Dr.  John  Newman,  of  Newbury,  Mass, 

11.  John,  born  January  24,  1724—5;  Har.  Coll.  1744;  died 
at  Hampton,  N.  H.,  Sept.  4,  1812,  unmarried. 

(8.)   Martha  Wingate  m.  Dr.  John  Weeks,  Hampton,  N.  H. 

Children. 

1.  Joshua    Wingate,  m.  Sarah    Treadwell.     Rector  of   St. 
Michael's  Church,  Marblehead,  Mass.,  &.c.  &c. 

2.  Comfort,  m.  Dr.  Cotlin  Moore. 

3.  Martha,  m.  Benjamin  Randall. 

4.  Mary,  m.  Adon  Nye.     2d  husband — Brackett. 

5.  Sarah,  m.  Rev.  .Jacob  Bailey. 

6.  .John,  m. Brackett. 

7.  William,  m. liaynes. 

8.  Ward  Cotton. 

9.  Joanna,  m.  Folsom. 

10.  Abigail,  "  dyed  an  infant." 


NOTE    G. 

[Page  82.] 

From  the  following  letter,  it  would  seem  that  one  Episcopal 
Clergyman  at  least  penetrated  into  the  remote  and  uncultivat- 
ed region  of  the  Kennebec.  The  season  of  the  year  when 
this  clergyman  made  this  journey  is  generally  so  unpleasant, 
that  we  are  the  more  surprised  at  his  inidertaking. 

"  April  21st,  1763,  \ 
George  Town.  \ 
"  Rev'd  Sir: — The  Rev.  Mr.  Jas.  Dormer,  from  So.  Caro- 
lina, but  last  from  Portsmouth  and  Casco,  will  call  ujion  you 


200 


NOTES. 


in  a  few  l);iys.  A  Hrotlirr  Clcr^i/man.  IIo  nu-aiis  upon  the 
ICsfah/is/inirnt.  As  tin-  Winter  has  been  bad,  (and  consc- 
qniMitly  y'  Journey  hither,  ahnost,  if  not  Altogether  Iinpracti- 
cabh',)  lie  will  ollieiate  in  his  Journey  at  d'o.  'J\nrti,  which 
may  possibly  be  an  Alleviation  to  yt)U,  \c.  lie  will  proceed 
to  ])ay  his  loiiiplinients  to  you,  and  in  the  Interim 
Yr.  rnknown  bViend 

and  Brother  in  Christ, 

J  AS.    DORMKR. 

"  N.  H. —  lie   produies  Satisfactory  Credentials  to  y*  princi- 
pal People  here,  and  takes  not  a  Farthing  for  Services  Done. 
"  To  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  at  Pownal  Borough:' 


NOTE     H. 

:r«(?c  1040 

It  is  known  that  the  portion  of  the  Kennebec  Valley,  near 
Mr.  Bailey's  residence,  had,  in  former  years,  been  frecjuented 
more  or  less  by  Indians.  The  residence  of  the  Sachem,  Ken- 
nebis,  from  whom  the  river  is  supposed  to  have  derivetl  its 
name,  "was  upon  Swan  Island,  in  a  delightful  situation;  and 
that  of  xVbbagadussett,  between  a  river  of  his  name  and  the 
Kennebcck,  upon  the  northern  borders  of  Merry  meeting  bay.''  " 
Both  of  these  localities  are  within  six  miles  of  the  former  site 
of  the  Parsonage-house  in  Pownalborough.  In  the  present 
town  of  Pittston,  but  a  few  miles  further  in  another  direction, 
two  oKl  burying  grounds  have  been  discovered.  The  mode  of 
interring  the  bodies  found  in  these  places,  shows  conclusively 
that  they  w'cre  Indians. f 

These  facts  are  mentioned  as  an  introduction  to  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  a  MS.  "Geographical  description  and  Natu- 
ral History  of  the  Eastern  Country,"  written  by  the  subject  of 
this  Memoir: — 

"On  the  Western  side  of  the;  Keniiel)eck,  al)out  thirty-two 
miles  from  its  exit,  there  is  a  round   hill,  which  rises  above  the 

•  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  i.,  467.  Ibid.,  493. 


NOTES.  1>()1 

surrounding  level  near  fifty  feet  perpendieular.  The  hill  is 
one  entire  pile  of  stones,  covered  with  herbage,  and  several 
stately  oaks,  which  make  a  fine  appearance  frt)iii  the  water. 
There  is  some  probal^ility  that  it  was  erected  by  art,  and  what 
conduces  to  confirm  tliis  opinion  is  that  not  a  single  stone  is 
to  be  found  on  the  adjacent  jihiins.  It  is  a  noted  rctrt-at  for 
serpents  and  other  vermin  ;  arid  it  is  remarkaljle  that  tw<i  hills 
of  a  similar  aspect,  and  the  same  materials,  may  be  seen  in 
Gardinerston,  about  three  miles  distant.  It  is  conjectured 
that  these  were  raised  by  the  natives  in  former  ages,  as  the 
monuments  of  some  distinguished  victory,  or  else  were  de- 
signed to  cover  the  bodies  of  some  mighty  heroes."  In  a 
letter  to  Rev.  Jeremy  Belknap,  1).  D.,  after  having  read  the  1st 
volume  of  American  Biography  by  that  writer,  Mr.  Bailey 
says:  "  I  had  for  more  than  twenty  years  been  making  collec- 
tions of  everything  curious  respecting  the  original  inhabi- 
tants, but  in  conse([ucnce  of  my  comimlsory  emigration  from 
Kennebec,  I  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  most  of  my  |)apers.  • 
•  •  I  have  observed  near  the  river  K<imebec  some  appear- 
ances of  Indian  anticiuity."  He  there  describes  the  hills  Itefore 
mentioned  nearly  in  the  terms  used  in  his  MS.  "  C  iet)gra|)hical 
description."  The  additional  particulars  are,  that  this  hill  was 
*'  about  forty  rods  from  the  river,"  \vn»  "  nearly  of  a  circular 
form,  and  its  base  may  occupy  half  an  acre,"  and  that  "the 
stones  of  which  it  is  composed  resemble  the  stones  on  the 
beaches  of  the  river."  He  continues:  "In  Pownalbc>rough, 
half  a  mile  from  the  river  Kennebeck,  I  enclosed  three  acres 
for  a  garden,  in  a  situation  rude,  rocky,  and  broken,  l)cyond 
exjircssion.  There  was,  however,  a  spot  containing  about  half 
an  acre,  whi(;ii  had  been  clt>ared  of  stones  at  some  ilistant  |)e- 
riod;  tiiey  had  been  thrown  together  on  each  side,  and  growing 
in  these  heaps  were  found  heiulock  trees  of  an  eiu)rmous  size." 


262  NOTES, 


NOTE    I. 

[I'lWoUO.] 


An  expedition  of  eleven  hundred  men  under  Col.  Benedict 
Ar!iold  had  been  detached  by  Gen.  Washington  from  the 
army  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  to  enter  Canada  by  the  way  of 
the  Kennebec  and  Chaudierc  Rivers,  through  the  wilderness  of 
Maine.  That  detachment  in  a  number  of  small  vessels  entered 
the  former  river  on  the  20th  September,  1775,  and  the  same 
evening  came  to  anchor  opposite  the  fort  in  Pownalborough. 
About  eight  miles  higher  up,  the  transports  in  which  the  troops 
came  were  abandoned  for  batteaux,  wliicii  had  been  built  for 
them  by  Maj.  Reuben  Colbourn.  Most  of  this  army  remained 
a  number  of  days  at  Fort  Western,  in  the  present  town  of 
Augusta,  before  commencing  their  fatiguing  and  dangerous 
journey.  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal  for  September  of  this  year  is 
in  existence.  Entries  are  made  against  every  day  to  Sunday 
17th,  inclusive,  when  it  seems  that  he  had  a  congregation  of 
72  persons.  The  remaining  week  is  left  blank.  On  Sunday, 
24th,  60  persons  attended  Divine  Service.  The  following 
week  is  also  left  blank.  The  Journal  of  the  next  month  is  as 
full  as  usual.  In  a  MS.  History  of  the  Eastern  Country,  Mr. 
Bailey  gives  a  tolerably  full  account  of  Arnold's  expedition 
after  the  arrival  of  the  soldiers  in  Kennebec,  but  his  statements 
do  not  vary  much  from  other  narratives.  As  blanks  are  left 
in  his  Journal,  as  above  noted, 'on  the  days  when  the  troops 
wen;  in  his  neighborhood,  he  probably  absented  himself  from 
his  house,  and  his  information  must  have  been  derived  from 
other  persons. 

In  the  "  History"  above-named,  Mr.  Bailey  says,  just  before 
giving  the  account  of  the  expedition  against  Canada:  "It  was 
not  long  before  that  party  of  Norridgewoeks,  which  Colbourn 
had  allured  to  the  army,  quitted  their  station  in  disgust  and 
returned  to  Kennebeck,  finding  more  satisfaction  in  ranging 
the  streams  and  the  forests  than  in  all  the  boasted  freedom  of 
Congresses  and  Continental  armies." 

This  contem[)orary  statement  confirms  an  account  given  to 
the  writer  of  the  present  Memoir  some  years  since,  by  one  of 


NOTES.  203 

the  oldest  settlers  in  Kennebec.  His  account  was  coinimini- 
cated  to  S.  G.  Drake,  Esq.,  and  is  noticed  in  "The  Book  of 
the  Indians,"  Eighth  Edition,  Boston:  1841.     Book  iii.  p.  1.5G. 


NOTE    J. 

[Page  n-.i 

"  On  the  7th  of  October  another  special  court  was  convened 
at  Pownalboro'  for  the  trial  of  Tories,  when  Mr.  Jones  and 
eight  others  belonging  to  Vassalboro',  with  Mr  Blanchard, 
of  Woolwich,  were  brought  prisoners  before  the  above-men- 
tioned judges.  Mr.  Langdon  undertook  to  plead  in  favor  of 
the  criminals,  and  his  character  being  so  distinguished  in  the 
present  times,  the  court  readily  admitted  him  to  engage,  con- 
ceiving that  so  strenuous  an  advocate  for  American  measures 
could  offer  nothing  disagreeable  to  their  Honors. 

"  But  in  this  opinion  they  quickly  perceived  themselves  mis- 
taken, for  Langdon,  in  his  applications  to  the  jury,  discov(>red 
an  inclination  to  humanity  and  justice,  for  which  friendly 
exertions  he  received  a  most  severe  reprimand  both  from  Bow- 
man and  Arnold;  the  former  even  threatened  him  with  the 
lawless  vengeance  of  a  mob. 

"The  first  person  admitted  to  trial  was  one  Mr.  Ballard 
against  whom  there  appeared  nothing  but  a  few  words  express- 
ing his  attachment  to  the  King  and  government,  under  which 
he  was  educated.  The  matter  being  debated  with  great 
solemnity  and  illnature  by  the  court,  it  was  at  length  i-onmiit- 
ted  to  the  decision  of  the  jury,  as  an  atlair  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  the  security  and  salvation  of  the  country.  The 
jury  would  have  presently  found  this  harmless  person  guilty 
of  treasonable  designs  against  the  American  States,  and  have 
sentenced  him  to  a  perpetual  expulsion  from  his  estate,  his 
family,  and  his  friends,  had  not  Mr.  John  Patten,  his  brother 
and  son  been  more  compassionate  than  the  rest.  This  worthy 
man  alleged  that  he  could  not,  without  offering  violence  to 
integrity  and  conscience,  consent  that  a  neighbour  should  be 
sent  several  thousand  miles  into  banishment  for  no  other  crime 
than  a  few  expressions  unfavourable  to  our  publick  proceed- 


2Gi  KOTKS. 

ings.  Botli  parties  wrn*,  liowevcr  detcnuiiK'd  not  to  resign 
the  lontest,  hut  marked  the  ahereation  with  nuitual  obstinaey 
for  twenty-two  hours.  In  the  conelusion  they  jjresented  tlieiii- 
sclves  before  the  court  and  desired  their  interpretation  of  this 
question:  'Is  speaking  a  few  exceptionabh'  words  coiuifer- 
aeting  the  struggles  of  the  AiUfTican  States  for  freedom  ?' 

"  Thi'  judires  all  replied  that  every  inadvertent  word,  or  any 
expression  that  ten<leil  to  censure  the  American  measures  was 
certainly  counteraciing  them,  exce|)t  .Justice  Nortii,  who  a(Uled 
that'even  thinking  or  conceiving  that  the  j)ul)lick  aiiministra- 
tions  were  unjust  or  injurious,  was  evidently  a  crime  which  de- 
served the  severe  sentence  of  transportation.'  Such  stuj)id  and 
iniquitous  decisions  as  this  must  excite  the  indignation  of  every 
honest  man,  and  inspire  the  most  hearty  contempt  of  the  present 
governm(>nt,  and  plainly  evinces  that  it  is  founded  in  absurdity 

and  cruelty.      These  explanations  of  the  law  gave   no 

satisfaction  to  the  Pattens,  but  rather  confirmed  them  in  their 
opinion.  The  elder  endeavouring  to  support  his  sentiments  by 
some  ([uotations  from  the  (Jospel,  was  silenced  by  a  quick 
reply  Worn  .Justice  Hobly:  'Sir,  we  have  nothing  to  do  with 
Scripture  in  this  place,  but  must  form  our  determinations 
agreeable  to  the  laws  of  the  statel'  The  judges,  j^erceiving 
that  they  had  no\  a  jury  agreeable  to  their  designs,  dismissed 
the  court,  and  though  Mr.  Jones  and  the  other  prisoners  had 
been  at  great  expense  they  refused  to  admit  them  to  trial,  and 
in  conclusion,  bound  them  over  to  appear  on  the  4th  Novem- 
ber, keeping  them  during  the  interval  under  the  cruel  torments 
of  anxiety  and  suspense*.  It  is  observable  that  when  Justice 
North  espied  the  Pattens  entering  the  court,  he  was  heard  to 
say,  '  We  shall  not  be  able  to  carry  our  point,  while  we  have 
such  indexible  men  upon  the  jury,'  and  Mr.  Bowman  declared 
'that  these  honest  men  shall  either  be  persecuted  by  the  mob, 
or  else  prosecuted  as  enemies  to  their  country.'  The  arbi- 
trary j)roceedings  of  these  magistrates  alarmed  several  consci- 
entious people,  who  perceived  themselves  obnoxious,  and  some 
to  avoid  llieir  unjust  and  merciless  tyranny,  abandoned  their 
habitations  and  families  and  ilcd  out  of  the  country  to  more 
distant  parts  of  the  Province. 


NOTES.  265 

"Among  the  number  we  may  reckon  Mr.  John  Carlton,  of 
Woolwich,  who  had  been  cleared  by  an  unanimous  vote  of 
the  town,  but  was  pursued  by  a  warrant  frt)m  these  inexorable 
and  avaricious  judges.  He  had  the  good  fortune  to  conceal 
himself  from  their  malicious  scrutiny,  till  the  season  of  perse- 
cution was  over. 

"  Mr.  Stinson,  of  the  same  district,  was  pursued  by  the  same 
virulent  combination,  but  arming  himself  to  resist  the  ollicer 
who  attempted  to  break  into  his  house  with  violence,  his  wife 
was  so  terrified  at  the  commotion  that  she  fell  in  travail  and 
quickly  expired. 

[The  account  of  the  troubles  of  Rev.  J.  Bailey  at  this  time, 
is  inserted  in  the  Memoir,  pji.  117-119.] 

"On  the  seventh  of  November  a  third  Tory  Court  was  held 
at  Pownalborough,  but  no  jury  appearing,  the  magistrates  were 
obliged  to  adjourn  to  the  sixteenth  of  December.  The  town 
of  Vassalborough,  in  the  meantime  being  touched  with  a  little 
compassion,  reconsidered  their  votes  and  excluded  Mr.  Ballard, 
the  Moors,  and  the  Towns  from  further  trial,  on  condition  of 
their  defraying  all  former  expenses,  which  amounted  to  one 
hundred  dollars  apiece. 

"  No  evidence  at  all  appeared  against  Mr.  Blanchard,  and, 
when  the  sixteenth  of  December  arrived,  the  day  ajipointed 
for  the  trial,  as  Justice  Howard  was  attem|)ting  to  begin  his 
journey  from  Fort  Western,  he  encountered  a  terrible  fall  upon 
the  ice,  by  which  accident  he  was  so  wounded,  that  his  attend- 
ance at  Court  was  prevented,  and  there  being  no  other  of  the 
Quorum  to  supply  his  place,  Court  was  adjourned  without 
day,  and  as  the  'Transportation  Act'  expired  on  the  first  of 
January,  nothing  further  could  be  attempted  with  respect  to 
Mr.  Jones. 

"In  the  beginning  of  winter  our  persecuting  rebels  were 
engaged  in  another  employment,  which  for  a  season  engaged 
their  whole  attention.  Capt.  Callahan,  being  driven  away  by 
their  unjust  and  cruel  persccnlions,  they  deterriiined  to  take 
advantage  of  an  obscure  act  of  the  present  government  to 
seize  his  estate.  The  act  upon  which  they  jiroccedcd  was 
expressly  confined  to  such  persons  as  had  absconded  and  left 
34 


266  NOTKS. 

the  coiuifry  in  debt;  but  Calliih;m,  Ix' fore  his  departure,  had 
t'.ikcii  care  to  sfttii-  all  his  all'airs,  and  tliere  was  not  a  single 
person  who  had  any  ch-inaml  upon  his  estate.  Hownian,  how- 
ever, as  Jud^e  of  Prohati',  proceeded  to  administer,  having 
first  taken  every  method,  both  l»y  himself  and  his  creatures,  to 
irritate  Mrs.  Callahan.  Some  oi  the  messages  which  were 
pent  to  this  worthy  woman  were  not  only  highly  illiberal,  but 
scandalously  low,  dirty  and  obscene.  No  gentleman  would 
chuse  to  treat  a  female  of  an  infamous  character  in  so  scandal- 
ous a  manner;  yet  this  man  is  considered  as  an  eminent  magis- 
trate, and  would  be  ofl'ended  if  represented  otherwise  tlian 
really  genteel  and  polite.  But  how  such  conduct  can  be  recon- 
ciled with  the  profession  of  Christianity  and  the  knowledge  of 
letters,  or  the  principles  of  humanity,  I  cannot  conceive.  Mrs. 
Callahan  was  summoned  into  a  Probate  Court,  where  Bow- 
man sat,  swelling  in  gloomy  solemnity,  surrounded  witii 
accusers  and  other  dark  and  designing  instruments  of  his  in- 
dignation. Each  one,  by  his  language  and  ajipearance  had 
divested  himself  of  every  humane  and  tender  sentiment,  their 

principal  concern  was  to  display  a  savage  roughness  and , 

in  order  to  intimidate  people  and  worry  the  innocent  object  of 
their  depredations. 

"This  lady  was  recjuired  by  the  Justice  to  render  in  an  ac- 
count upon  oath,  of  all  lier  lands  and  eliects,  but  she,  being 
properly  instructed  by  Taylor,  her  attorney,  refused  to  comply, 
upon  which  refusal.  Bowman  ordered  her  immediately  to  pris- 
on ;  she  then  aj)pealed  from  his  sentence  to  ihe  Council  in 
Boston,  having  first  procured  sullicient  bondsmen  to  prosecute 
the  ajipeal :  but  notwithstanding  this  security,  the  Judge,  by 
his  sovereign  authority  proceeded  to  appoint  Justice  Thwing 
to  settle  the  estate.  The  latter,  having  received  his  commission, 
took  to  his  assistance  as  appraisers,  Samuel  Eiucrson,  a  pro- 
fessed enemy  to  Capt.  Callahan,  Richard  Kidder,  a  ductile 
tool  of  the  faction,  and  Philip  Call,  a  neighbour,  who  had  re- 
ceived repeated  favors  from  the  obnoxious  family.  These  men 
entenxl  upon  there  olRce  with  uncommon  alacrity,  and  were 
determined  to  exceed  both  law  and  justice,  as  well  as  human- 
ity, in  the  execution  of  I  heir  trust.     They  seized  the  very  flax 


NOTES.  267 

which  Mrs.  Callahan  had  raised  and  dressed  with  her  own 
hands,  the  fowls  about  the  door,  and  even  a  canary  bird  and 
the  cage.  Such  a  mean  and  unmanly  littleness  distinguished 
all  the  proceedings  of  our  magistrates,  such  a  boyish  and  un- 
generous spirit  of  revenge  appeared  in  the  whole  of  their  con- 
duct, as  must  render  their  memory  the  contempt  a  bhorrence 
of  all,  who  have  any  remainder  of  virtue  and  humanity  in 
their  composition.  Mrs.  Callahan  was  so  alTected  with  their 
barbarous  treatment  that  she  could  not  endure  to  tarry  in  the 
country,  and,  in  order  that  she  might  have  it  in  her  power  to 
obtain  justice  from  the  General  Court,  she  set  out  for  Boston, 
a  journey  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles,  about 
Christmas,  the  snow  being  very  deep  and  the  weather  extremely 
severe." 


NOTE    K. 

[Pages  128  and  I7H.J 

A  poem  of  some  forty  stanzas,  on  his  leaving  the  scene  of 
his  labors,  was  written  by  Mr.  Bailey,  probably  about  the 
time  when  that  event  occurred.  It  gives  a  tolerably  vivid  pic- 
ture of  the  scenery  near  his  residence,  and  enumerates  many 
pleasing  objects  which  owed  tiieir  culture  to  liis  own  industry. 

A  FAREWELL  TO  KENNEBECK, 
Jink,  1779. 

Adieu,  ye  fair  domestick  scenes 

Of  balmy  sweets  and  flowery  greens 

And  yond'  aspiring  grove  ; 
Farewell,  ye  smiling,  chearful  seats, 
Ye  solitary,  calm  retreats 

Of  innocence  and  love. 

No  more  your  gentle  beauties  rise, 
No  longer  to  my  wishing  eyes 
Their  pleasing  charms  impart; 


268  NOTES. 

Siller  (looiriM  ill  forri^ii  l:iinls  to  rourn 
Far  distant  fnxii  my  iiiucli  lov'd  hi)nie, 
With  liiiL'tii.-li  at  mv  lu-art. 


Acpiiii  iny  iiiouriiful  son<,'  pursue, 
These  grateful  objects  still  in  view, 

And  every  rising  scene  ; 
My  eye  with  pleasing  anguish  meets, 
This  artless  group  of  blended  sweets 

Array'il  in  virgin  green. 

AVIirn  first  tiie  blushing  morn  arose 
To  rouse  me  from  the  night's  repose 

My  eares  were  fixed  on  you  ; 
With  rapid  haste  I  wandered  forth 
To  mark  tiie  progress  of  your  growth 

Amidst  the  glittering  dew. 

And  when  the  fair,  declining  day 
Darted  his  horizontal  ray 

To  stain  the  distant  hills, 
I  felt  the  gentle  vernal  breeze 
Rush  in  soft  murnmrs  thro'  the  trees 

And  play  along  the  hills. 

Taught  here  to  woiuler  and  atlorc 
The  wisdom,  goodness  and  the  jjowcr 

Which  in  these  beauties  shine, 
I  learned  my  glowing  heart  to  raise 
In  humble  gratitude  and  praise 

To  the  (Jreat  Source  Divine. 

Adieu,  to  all  my  jileasing  toil; 
No  more  to  smooth  the  rugged  soil 

I  spend  the  happy  hours; 
No  more  employ  my  hand  and  care 


NOTES.  269 


Along  the  winding  walk  to  roar 
The  tender,  smiling  liowcr. 

No  more  for  me  the  lovely  rose 
Her  open  blushing  charms  disclose, 

Nor  breathes  her  sweet  perfume  ; 
I  now  renounce  my  boasted  skill 
To  plant  the  snowy  daffodil, 

Nor  teach  her  where  to  bloom. 

See  there  the  humble  crocus  bring 
The  earliest  tribute  of  the  spring 

Amidst  surrounding  snows ; 
And  there  the  columbine  is  seen 
In  richest  robes  of  cheerful  green 

Adorn'd  with  various  hues. 

Behold  that  parti  colour'd  bed 

Of  pinks,  their  grateful  odours  shed 

To  please  on  every  side ; 
The  spotted  lily  towers  on  high 
And  spreads  her  glories  to  the  sky 

In  fair,  majestic  pride. 

In  yonder  walk  let  us  survey 
The  opening  tuli]>,  proud  and  gay, 

In  naked  beauty  rise  ; 
Foe  to  the  shelter  of  a  shade, 
She  stretches  her  defenceless  iicad, 

Ting'd  with  unnumber'd  dies. 

Sec  there  reviying  to  the  sense. 
Emblem  of  infant  innocence, 

Pansies  of  ditlcrent  hue  ; 
Here  maiden  violets  strike  the  sight, 
In  yellow,  or  the  purest  white. 

Or  dressed  in  heavenly  blue. 


'270  NOTES. 

There  stands  the  bright  immortal  flower 
In  c'lnni|)s  along  the  bending  shore 

C'rown'd  with  a  silver  |)lutni', 
Amidst  tiu"  biting  frosts  and  snows, 
With  undiminish'd  lustre  glows, 

\n  uii<_'  ricrnal  l^loom. 

There  pushes  forward  ink)  view 
The  mighty  wonder  of  Peru 

Exulting  from  the  ground  ; 
Blossoms  of  scarlet,  snow  and  gold 
Mix'd  with  their  gloomy  leaves  unfold 

And  spread  their  glories  round. 

Behold  a  plant  majestic  rise, 
Ereet  and  tow'ring  to  the  skies, 

Shaggy  and  rough  to  sense, 
He  stares  with  round,  expanded  face 
Full  on  the  sun's  meridian  rays, 

Pieturc  of  impudence. 

The  poppies  here  in  rich  array 
The  boldest,  glaring  tints  display 

Of  summer's  glowing  pride  ; 
The  radiant  aster,  soft  and  clear. 
The  latest  blossoms  of  the  year, 

From  me  their  splendours  hide. 

Ye  ii.  I  >  which  'round  the  borders  stand. 
Planted  by  my  laborious  hand. 

And  nurs'd  with  fondest  care, 
I  view  the  swelling  fruit  which  grows 
In  clusters  on  your  pendant  boughs, 

Delicious,  rich,  and  rare. 

But  I,  by  stubborn  fate's  decree. 

Am  doom'd  your  grateful  shades  to  flee 


NOTES.  271 

With  sorrow  most  profound  ; 
Lo,  there  the  hostile  sons  of  war, 
Witli  fuTce,  indignant  rage  |)re|)an' 

To  tear  you  from  the  ground. 

Ye  lofty  pines  that  tower  on  high, 
That  wave  and  threaten  in  the  r^ky, 

'Till  wintry  storms  descend. 
And  while  the  winds  tremendous  war 
In  all  the  rage  of  hostile  jiower, 

Before  the  tempest  bend. 

There  hemlocks  rear  their  lofty  head, 
And  wide  their  shaggy  branches  spread, 

In  gloomy  ])ridc  abound  ; 
While  from  their  trunks. the  solemn  owl, 
Responsive  to  the  wolves'  grim  iiowl, 

Makes  all  the  woods  resound. 

With  reverent  awe  my  eyes  pursue 
That  ancient  oak  in  oj)en  view 

Extending  wide  iiis  arms; 
With  thunders  oft  thou  didst  engage. 
And  stood  the  loud,  coiitlicting  rage 

Of  all  the  uorthern  storms. 

In  pensive  thought  I  often  rove 
Thro'  the  tall  forest  and  the  grove, 

When  vernal  beauties  rise; 
And  when  the  summer's  charms  decay 
I  then  your  trembling  leaves  survey, 

Stain'd  with  autumnal  dies. 

Teach  me,  ye  Muses,  to  describe 
The  wonders  of  the  winged  tril)e 

And  sing  their  power  to  please, 
While  music  from  their  artless  throats 
In  tender,  wild  harmonious  notes 

Mix  with  the  whispering  breeze. 


272  NOTES. 

Adieu,  }■»•  plains  :md  mossy  rocks, 
Krf(iuent«'cl  by  the  browsing  Hocks; 

And  yonder  distant  hills, 
Ye  fountains  clear  and  iiiunnuring  Hoods, 
That  stream  along  the  dusky  woods, 

Or  fall  in  tinkling  rills. 

Vc  verdant  banks  of  Kennebcck, 

\Vliieii  numerous  plants  and  (lowers  bedeck, 

Thou  great  majestick  stream, 
To  swell  whose  silent,  sullen  tide 
A  thousand  lesser  rivers  glide, 

No  more  my  favorite  theme. 

Oft  have  I  seen  thy  waters  pour, 
And  with  rough  horrors  foam  and  roar 

Adown  the  precipice, 
And  with  impetuous  fury  force 
Along  the  winding  shores  its  course 

To  mingle  with  the  seas. 

My  throbbing  heart  with  sorrow  glows 
And  feels  a  multitude  of  woes, 

AVhen  thro'  yond'  shady  trees 
I  view  that  solemn  House  of  Prayer, 
And  at  the  sight  let  fall  a  tear 

My  anguish  to  appease. 

Rejoic'd  to  see  rach  others  face, 
We  met  in  this  devoted  place 

To  learn  the  heavenly  way. 
Till  impious  and  insulting  foes 
With  mad,  envenom'd  zeal  arose 

Their  vengeance  to  display. 

Those  sturdy  sons,  wdio  never  fear 
The  hottest  wrath  of  Heaven  to  dare. 
Who  glory  in  their  shame. 


NOTES.  273 

Forbid  that  we  our  hearts  should  raise 
In  public  prayer  and  songs  of  praise 
To  the  Eternal  Name. 

I  feel  a  thousand  anxious  fears, 
And  oft  bewail  in  silent  tears 

My  fri(Mids'  unhap|)y  fate, 
Involved  in  scenes  of  deep  distress, 
Expos'd,  despairing  of  success, 

To  Whigs'  revengeful  hate. 

In  fervent  strains  T  must  imphue 
The  smiles  of  that  propitious  Pow'r 

Who  pities  human  woes; 
May  He  attend  your  i)laintive  grief. 
Afford  protection  and  relief, 

And  bless  you  with  repose. 

O  Lord,  with  sjiecdy  justice  rise 
And  frown  upon  the^e  enemies 

To  virtue's  sacred  name, 
But  save  the  honest  and  the  good, 
And  fill  the  sons  of  rage  and  blood 

With  penitence  and  shame. 

Once  more  with  heavy  parting  sighs 
We  roll  around  our  misty  eyes; 

My  partner  calls  to  mind 
Her  babes  beneath  the  heaving  ground. 
And  mourns  and  wec|)s  with  grief  profound 

To  leave  their  dust  bciiind. 


NOTE    L. 

[Page  1910 

The  name  of  Capt.  Henry   Mowat  is  still  disliked,  if  not 
detested,  by  many,  on  account  of  his  commanding  the  expe- 
dition which,  in  Oct.,  i77o,  reduced  Falmouth,  now  Portland, 
35 


274  NOTES. 

to  ashes.  It  may  be  well  to  say,  in  passing,  that  Mr.  Bailey 
was  on  a  visit  at  that  place  at  the  time  it  was  burned,  and 
that  he  has  left  a  written  account  of  the  transaction,  which 
throws  a  fuller  light  upon  it  than  is  contained  in  the  published 
narratives,  as  it  relates  occurrences  that  were  either  unknown 
to,  or  suppressed  by,  those  who  have  heretofore  undertaken  to 
describe  it. 

Although  Capt.  Mowat  acted  upon  positive  orders  from 
Admiral  CIraves,  in  burning  Falmouth,  yet  he  lids  been  con- 
demnetl  with  as  much  warmth,  as  if  he  merely  gratified  his 
own  private  antipathies. 

And  the  historian  of  Maine*  publishes  a  letter  written  by 
this  olTicer  to  the  people  of  the  place  doomed  to  destruction,  in 
which,  by  italicising  words,  he  evidently  wishes  the  reader  to 
notice  that  ignorance  was  a  characteristic  of  the  writer  as 
well  as  cruelty.  All  this  may  be  as  has  been  thus  represented. 
But  as  an  act  of  simple  justice  to  the  memory  of  Capt.  Mowat 
the  following  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  which  accompanied  the 
child  of  the  former,  is  here  inserted.  The  reader  may  be  as- 
sured that  it  is  copied  exactly  as  it  was  written.  Reminding 
him,  that  according  to  the  usage  of  that  time,  many  more  words 
began  with  capital  letters  than  at  present,  the  letter  is  submit- 
ted to  his  perusal,  that  he  may  decide  whether  or  not  is  it  the 
production  of  a  brutal  or  ignorant  man. 

"IIaluax  the  11'"  Aug*.  1782. 
"REV**.  Sir, 

I  have  for  some  time  been  in  expectation  of 
receiving  Your  answer  to  my  Letter  by  Mr.  Lovett  on  the 
Subject  of  my  Child;  but  having  been  given  to  understand  by 
him  and  other  friends  of  yours  that  I  may  assure  myself  of 
your  receiving  my  Boy,  I  have  at  last  determined  to  send  him, 
and  I  have  made  choice  of  his  going  by  water,  as  I  cannot 
accompany  him  myself  by  land — a  satisfaction  I  wished  much 
to  have  enjoyed,  and  what  I  have  had  in  view  for  a  long  while, 
but  being  now  within  a  few  days  of  leaving  this  for  York  in 
my  way  for  England,  will  prevent  me  the  pleasure  of  seeing 

•  Williamson's  History  of  Maine,  ii.  435. 


^  NOTES.  275 

you  and  that  of  delivering  up  my  Dear  Child  into  your  care, 
which  I  now  do,  with  all  the  endearing  and  tender  feelings  of 
a  Father,  earnestly  requesting  you  to  receive  him  in  that  light. 
His  Aunt  accompanies  him  in  the  desire  of  seeing  him  safe 
with  you,  and  I  shall"  leave  directions  with  Mr.  Thompson  (one 
of  his  Guardians)  to  pay  you  the  Charge  of  his  Yearly  Board 
and  Education:  every  other  necessary  will  be  sent  to  him  by 
]\'Iiss  Peak  and  other  friends,  whom  you  will  be  pleased  to 
correspond  with  in  my  absence.  I  have  sent  a  Black  Servant 
of  my  own  in  order  to  assist  you  in  the  care  of  him.  This  man 
has  been  mine  for  the  last  8  years,  and  I  hope  he  will  behave 
so  as  to  become  useful  to  you  as  well  as  the  child,  and  I  have 
laid  my  Commands  on  him  to  obey  you  the  same  as  myself, 
and  not  to  do  anything  or  move  from  your  House  without 
your  leave.  Whatever  Quarter  my  professional  Duty  may 
call  me  will  not  prevent  my  Corresponding  with  you,  and  I 
beg  you  will  write  often,  and  put  your  Letters  under  Cover  to 
Alex^  Thompson,  Esq"",  at  Halifax,  and  he  will  forward  them 
to  James  Sykes,  Esq"".  Crutchcd  Friars,  London,  where  they 
will  be  taken  care  of.  The  indulgence  of  a  very  tender 
Mother  and  other  friends  over  the  Boy  I  am  fearful  may  occa- 
sion you  and  Mrs.  Bailey  more  trouble  before  he  forgets  it 
than  I  wish  he  shcruld,  but  I  hope  in  time  his  natural  disposi- 
tion will  appear,  and  so  far  as  may  be  comprehended  from  his 
infant  years  I  am  in  hopes  he  will  not  give  more  than  what 
may  be  expected.  The  wind  coming  favourable  this  morning 
hurries  me  in  hopes  of  the  Vessels  getting  away.  My  respect- 
ful Compliments  wait  on  Mrs.  Bailey,  I  present  the  same  to 
you  and  am, 

Rev'd  Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient 

Humble  servant. 


H.    MOWAT. 


Rev.  Mr.  Baile?/,  Annapolis." 


It  should  be  stated  that  the  chirography  of  the  above  letter 
is  such  that  it  would  be  creditable  to  any  person. 


APPENDIX. 


ST.  JOHN'S   CHURCH,  P0WNAL130R0UGH. 

Of  those  who  may  have  been  interested  in  this  narrative, 
some,  doubtless,  will  be  desirous  to  learn  the  history  of  St. 
John's  Parish,  Pownalboroiigh,  after  Mr.  Uailey's  departure. 
At  that  time  both  the  church  and  j)arsonage  were  standing. 
It  is  necessary  to  mention  this,  since  a  somewhat  dilTerent  im- 
pression has  prevailed.  Among  other  mis-statements  made  in 
a  newspaper  article  in  July,  1848,  is  the  following:  "Then 
they"  (i.  e.  the  "VYhigs)  "took  the  remedy  into  their  own  hands: 
they  demolished  the  church,  tore  down  the  priest's  house,  and 
drove  him  out  of  town."  An  exploit,  (which,  if  it  ever  haj)- 
pened,)  would  no  doubt  have  conferred  all  due  honor  on  the 
valiant  actors  in  it  I  The  article  continues:  "  He  and  Episco- 
pacy never  appeared  there  afterwards." 

We  will  now  state  some  of  the  facts  in  the  case : — Nathan- 
iel Bailey,  brother  of  the  subject  of  this  Memoir,  removed  into 
the  parsonage  house  immediately  after  it  was  vacated  by  its 
former  tenants,  in  June,  1779,  and  remained  in  it  nearly  a  year. 
Major  Samuel  Goodwin  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  under  date  of 
Pownalborough,  June  iJth,  1784.  This  letter  contained  a  sub- 
scription paper,  which  he  wished  Mr.  Bailey  to  circulate  in 
order  to  collect  funds  for  the  purpose  to  be  mentioned.  The 
paper  states,  that  "after  Mr.  Bailey  went  away  some  persons 
began  to  take  the  windows  out  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownal- 
borough, and  did  carry  one  off,  so  we  were  obliged  to  take  all 
the  rest  down.     The  house  is  stUpped  and  running  to  ruin. 


278  A  r  1'  !•  N  D I X . 

If  not  repaired,  both  ehureli  and  liou.4c  will  be  lost.  We 
being  a  frontier  town,  are,  l)y  llie  late  wars,  reduced  so  low 
that  we  are  noi  able  to  re|)air  tliein  without  the  charity  of  our 
good  friends  to  help  us."  Tlu*  same  person  also  wrote  to  Mr. 
Bailey,  October  ">th,  IT^G:  "  ()iir  elmnli  is  all  going  to  pieces, 
the  roof  is  coining  down,  ilie  rafters  and  beams  i)roUe  with 
heavy  snows  last  winter.  What  application  can  we  make  to 
Dr.  Seabury  ?  I  wrote  to  the  Jlev.  Sam'l  Parker  for  advice 
last  year,  but  no  answer."  Under  date  of  June  7th,  17*^7, 
Major  (Joodwin  writes:  "John  Sylvester  (John)  Gardiner 
reads  j)rayers  and  sermons  on  the  Lord's  day." 

This  appears  to  be  the  last  intelligence  concerning  Mr.  Bai- 
ley's Parish  on  the  Kenneljec  during  his  life.  It  will  be  re- 
membered that  while  he  resided  there,  attempts  had  been 
made  at  more  than  one  time  to  establish  a  Congregational 
Society  in  that  j)art  of  the  town.  But  twenty-two  years 
elapsed  after  his  departun^  before  this  measure  was  ellected. 
A  meeting-house  for  this  denomination  was  built  about  a  mile 
distance  from  the  site  of  St.  John's  Church.'  Their  first  and 
only  minister  remained  with  them  about  twenty-five  years, 
and  then  left.  The  house  has  at  various  times  since  been  oc- 
cupied by  Universalists.  Previous  to  this,  i.  c,  in  1794,  this 
part  of  the  township,  which  was  called  the  West  Precinct  of 
Pownalborough,  was  incorporated  into  a  town  by  the  name  of 
Dhesdex.  The  other  portions  were  called  Wiscassetl,  and 
New  Milford,  (till  changed,  in  ISll,  to  A/nia.) 

Within  a  few  years  a  small  settlement  has  grown  up  about 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  easterly  of  the  s|)ot  formerly  occupied 
by  St.  John's  Church.  Near  this  settlement  a  small  Methodist 
meeting-house  has  been  built,  and  a  "  Union  meeting-house" 
has  been  erected  in  this  village. 

On  Whitsunday,  June  11,  1S48,  Evening  Service  of  the  P. 
Episcopal  Church  was  held  in  the  Union  meeting-house  spok- 
en of  by  the  lit.  Rev.  George  Burgess,  D.  D.,  who  had  been 
consecrated  the  year  |)revious  as  the  first  Bishop  of  the  Dio- 


*  Although  this  Society  was  incorporated  in  1793,  it  was  not  till  1801  that  the  Con- 
gregational Church  was  orftanized  and  Rev.  Freeman  Parker  was  ordained. — Green- 
leaf's  Ecd.  Skttchta,  p.  151. 


ATTEND  IX.  2T9 

cese  of  Maine.  Arrangements  wore  also  made  for  tlic  estab- 
lishment of  a  Sunday  School  under  the  charge  of  a  Candidate 
for  Orders. 

During  the  long  interval  which  followed  the  last  perform- 
ance of  the  services  of  tiie  chnrch  in  this  town,  the  territory 
occupied  by  the  church  building,  and  that  reclaimed  from  the 
wilderness  for  a  garden  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  had  relapsed 
almost  into  its  primitive  state.  The  foundations  of  the  .sacred 
edifice  are  still  visible,  as  are  also  the  rough  flat  stones*  erected 
at  the  graves  of  the  old  parishioners.  The  cellar  of  the  par- 
sonage is  still  distinctly  to  be  seen.  The  company  which  had 
given  the  land  embracing  the  territory  named,  and  a  glebe,  had 
closed  their  concerns.  After  their  right  to  this  property  had 
been  legally  determined  it  was  sold,  and  the  income  was  to 
be  applied  to  the  support  of  an  Episcopal  minister,  when  one 
should  be  settled  in  Dresden,  and  until  then  to  a  resident 
Congregational  minister.  The  minister  of  this  denomination, 
before  alluded  to,  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  this  fund  for  a  time. 
On  the  cessation  of  that  persuasion,  the  fund  was  left  to  accu- 
mulate, ready  for  its  originally  intended  use. 

The  new  Parish  of  St.  John's,  Dresden,  was  organized  in  the 
presence  of  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  January  26th.  1849,  and 
admitted  into  the  Union  with  the  Convention  of  Maine  at  its 
next  session.  Rev.  Edwin  W.  Mnrray  was  appointed  Mis- 
sionary to  this  Parish,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  in  October 
of  the  year  last  named. 

In  1850  the  ladies  of  Christ  Church,  (iardiner,  presented  to 
St.  .John's  Church  a  set  of  Comiriunion  Plate,  and  a  handsome 
Bible  and  Prayer  Books  for  the  desk. 

Rev.  Mr.  Murray  resigned  tlie  Rectorship  of  the  Parish  in 
1850,  and  his  place  was  supplied  by  Rev.  W.  H.  C.  Robertson. 
After  an  absence  of  two  years  Mr.  Mnrray  returned,  and  is  now 
engaged  in  this,  his  first  field  of  labor. 

On  the  i7th  of  Novemner,  1852,  the  "  Union  meeting-house," 
before  spoken  of,    was  consecrated  to    the    worship   of   (lod, 

♦The  grave  of  one  of  the  la»>t  Vestrymen  of  St.  John's  has  white  marble  grave 
stones.  One  of  them  is  inscribed  as  follows :  Mr.  George  Goud,  died  May  18,  18J6, 
Mdl. 


280  AIM'KNDIX. 

according  to  the  rites  and  usages  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church.  On  this  »tceasion  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  prcadi- 
ed  from  1  Kings  xviii.  'AO:  "  Antl  he  repaired  the  ahar  of  the 
Lord  that  was  lir<»lven  down." 


CIIUIICII  AT  CEORGKTOAVX. 

"The  town  of  Georgetown  was  incorporated  in  171.S,  and 
then  included  all  the  territory  within  the  present  limit.s  of 
Bath,  Woolwicii  and  Phipsburg."*  Fort  St.  George,  erected 
by  the  colony  of  1()07,  was  in  the  present  town  of  Phipsburg. 
That  fort  contained  a  church.  Thus  it  will  follow  that  the 
Episcopal  Church,  whieli  was  formed  in  the  last  century 
within  the  bounds  of  ancient  (Jcorgetown,  as  above  described, 
may  be  considered  as  the  legitimate  successor  of  the  first 
Protestant  congregation  which  ever  existed  in  the  Northern 
United  States. 

The  notices  of  this  Church,  scattered  throughout  the  fore- 
going Biography,  and  the  sketches  of  the  Rev.  Messrs.  MacCleii- 
nachan  and  Wheeler,  in  the  Notes,  contain  nearly  all  the  infor- 
mation that  it  has  been  possible  to  gather  of  the  condition  of 
this  Parish  up  to  the  time  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey's  leaving  the 
country.  The  following  is  the  only  report  that  Mr.  Wheeler  is 
known  to  have  sent  to  iMigland  : — 

»  The  Rev.  .Mr.  Wheeler,  in  his  letter  of  Nov.  20th,  17Gi>, 
acquaints  the  Society  that  his  l^irish  extends  near  twenty 
miles  westward  and  twelve  miles  eastward.  That  there  are 
about  200  families;  some  Presbyterians,  some  Independents, 
and  some  Papists.  His  people  have  erected  the  frame  of  :i 
church  since  his  coming;  he  has  statedly  preached  twice  on 
Sundays,  besides  giving  lectures  on  week  days,  and  has  bap- 
tized twenty-eight  children.'' 

The  mention  of  the  ehnrch  building  in  tiic  above  extract 
reminds  us  to  speak  of  its  locality.  The  Kennebec  River  runs 
in  a  very  direct  course  by  the  present  city  of  Bath.     This  fea- 

•  Maine  Historical  Collections,  ii.  202. 


ATTEND  IX.  281 

turc  of  the  river  at  this  place  caused  the  territory  on  its  lianks 
to  be  called  by  the  early  settlers  Long  Reach.  At  some  dis- 
tance below  the  city  the  Kennebec  turns  suddenly  at  right 
angles,  and  then  quickly  resumes  its  previous  southerly  course. 
It  was  at  this  point  that  the  church  spoken  of  was  erected. 

The  family  of  the  Lithgows,  some  of  whom  were  conspicu- 
ous in  the  colonial  times  in  this  part  of  the  Province,  erected, 
in  1766,  a  spacious  and  what  was  thtr.,  doubtless,  considered 
to  be  an  elegant  mansion  very  near  the  eh  arch.*  801  m;  years 
since  the  house  and  farm  passed  into  other  hands.  When  the 
present  proprietors  took  possession  of  th<Mr  property  the  church 
was  standing.  They  describe  the  church  as  "  a  low  building, 
with  a  double  lloor,  but  no  marks  of  pews  upon  it.  The  only 
ornament  was  a  simple  beading  upon  the  tie  beams.''  The 
churchyard  has  been  ploughed  up,  and  barns  and  barnyards 
occupy  its  place.  The  church  itself  was  used  as  u  l)arn,  till  a 
portion  of  it  having  blown  down  and  kill(>d  a  valuable  animal, 
tile  remainder  of  the  building  was  (Iciuolislied.  The  sacred 
edifice  was  situated  but  a  few  rods  iVotn  the  river,  some  dis- 
tance from  any  settlement.  This  fact  siiows  that  in  the  ab- 
sence of  any  county  roads,  tiie  river  was  the  highway  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  the  small  boat  their  usual  means  of  travelling. 
Tradition  still  commemorates  the  pious  life  and  conversation 
of  a  lady  of  the  Drummond  family,  who  was  baptized  in  this 
church,    and  who  has  but  recently  deceased. 

AVithin  three  miles  of  the  site  of  this  church,  and  in  the  city  of 
Bath, an  l^piscopal  congregation  has  been  gathered,  which  has 
attained  to  a  considerable  degree  of  sireni^t  li  and  prosperity,  and 
now  occupies  a  church  building,  wliii-h  was  consei-rated  January 
19ih.  1N'J3.  it  is  to  be  hoiked  thai  it  may  prove  \o  be  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  former  Cliuiili  in  (Jeorgetown,  as  the  new 
parish  in  Dresden  is  the  resuscitation  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Pownalborough.  Should  this  be  so,  the  ante  Revolutionary 
churches  in  Maine,  will,  after  a  long  interval,  again  exist,  con- 
ferring'their  blessings  upon  some  of  the  descendants  of  those 
who  formerly  worshipped  in  the  wonls  of  the  same  liturgy. 


*  Rer.  Mr.  Wheeler  resided  for  a  while  in  the  Lilligow  house,  as  appears  from  one 
of  his  lettcis  to  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey. 

36 


282  A  r  r  E  n  d  i  x 


ST.  i^vuLs  CHURCH,  Portland. 

All  the  infonmitioii  wliit-h  the  present  writer  has  of  the 
early  history  of  Episeopacy  in  the  above  place,  is  derived 
from  a  daily  Journal,  kept  by  Rev.  Thomas  Smith,  Pastor  of 
the  First  Congre<2^ational  Society  of  Falmouth,  which  was  the 
ante  Revolutionary  name  of  a  township,  part  of  which  now 
forms  the  city  of  Portland.  His  Journal,  with  the  very  full 
Notes  of  William  Willis,  Es(j.,  in  his  edition,  1849,  have  fur- 
nished most  of  the  material  for  the  following  account. 

In  the  summer  of  l?-')!,  (iovernor  Shirley,  accompanied  by 
several  persons  of  distijiction,  embarked  at  Boston  in  the 
Province  frigate  Massachusetts,  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  the 
Norridgewock  Indians  at  Falmouth,  and  forming  a  treaty 
with  them.  Rev.  Charles  Brockwell  was  then  Assistant  Minis- 
ter of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  a  Church  in  which  Gov.  Shirley 
was  a  worshipper.  Mr.  Brockwell  was  probably  in  the  comjiany 
which  attended  the  Governor.  The  Journal  before  spoken  of 
contains  the  following: — 

'■'■June  26,  1754.     The  Governor  got  in  this  morning. 

^^  June  30.  {Sunday.)  Parson  Brockwell  preached  here, 
A.  M.,  and  carried  on  in  the  Church  form. 

^^JuJy  14.     Mr.  Brockwell  preached." 

More  than  nine  years  passed  away  and  no  further  notice  of 
the  Episcopal  Church  is  to  be  found. 

Nui\  Ath,  1763,  forty-one  persons  entered  into  a  written 
agreement  to  procure  a  lot  of  land  and  to  build  "a  meeting- 
house for  Divine  Service."  In  .//////,  of  the  following  yar,  an 
increased  numl)er  expressed,  in  writing,  under  their  hands, 
their  desire  "that  the  worship  to  be  carried  on  in  said  house 
Bhould  be  agreeable  to  the  laws  of  (Jreat  Britain." 

"/w///  23,  17t)4.  The  new  meeting  men  had  a  meeting  and 
declared  for  the  Church.  They  have  been  in  a  sad  toss  since 
the  Parish  meeting,  and  made  great  uproar,  getting  to  sign 
for  the  Church.     They  began  to  frame  the  house. 

"yl//^'".  31.     There  is  a  sad  uj)roar  about  Wiswell,  who  has 


APPENDIX.  283 

declared  for  the  Church,  and  accepted,  (a  day  or  two  since,) 
of  a  call  our  Churchmen  have  given  him  to  be  their  minister. 

'■'■Sept.  2.  {Sunday.)  A  great  day  this.  Mr.  Hooper* 
preached  to  our  new  Church  people,  and  baptized  several 
children. 

"  Sept.  Sd.  The  corner  stone  of  the  Church  was  laid  by 
the  Wardens,  who,  with  their  oflicers,  were  chosen  to-day. 

"  Sept.  9.     Mr.  Wiswell  preached  in  the   Town   House. 

"  Sept.  30.  Mr.  "Wiswell  preached  in  the  Court  House  to- 
day to  a  small  company. 

«  Oct.  8.  Mr.  Wiswell  sailed  in  the  Mast  ship,  Capt.  Haggett," 
(to  England,)  for  Episcopal  Ordination. 

Mr.  Wiswell  returned  from  England  and  commenced  his 
labors  in  St.  Paul's  Parish.  In  the  conflagration  of  the  town 
in  1775,  by  Capt.  Mowat,  the  church  was  burned  and  the  min- 
ister left.  The  services  of  Mr.  Parker,  as  lay  reader,  were 
engaged  in  1785  and  continued  for  about  two  years.  Mr. 
Thomas  Oxnard  succeeded,  and  officiated  in  a  similar  capaci- 
ty for  the  next  five  years.  After  him  Mr.  Joseph  Hooper 
acted  as  lay  reader  for  about  a  year.  These  services  were 
held  in  hired  rooms  till  1787,  when  a  wooden  church  was  built. 

After  the  discontinuance  of  Mr.  Hooper's  services,  there 
were  no  regular  exercises  until  1797,  when  Rev.  Josejih  War- 
ren took  charge  of  the  Parish  and  remained  till  1800.  Rev. 
Timothy  Hilliard  succeeded  him  the  next  year  and  continued 
as  minister  till  1809. 

During  the  incumbency  of  Mr.  Hilliard,  in  1803,  the  wooden 
church  was  abandoned  for  one  built  of  brick.  After  Mr. 
Hilliard's  resignation,  there  were  occasional  services,  only,  for 
some  years.  Rev.  G.  W.  Olney  olRciated  during  the  summer 
of  1817.  Rev.  P.  S.  Tenbroeck  was  instituted  in  181S,  and 
was  Rector  for  the  succeeding  thirteen  years.  He  was  fol- 
lowed, after  two  years  intermission,  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Chapman, 
D.  D.,  who  left  in  1835. 

Rev.  A.  H.   Vinton  was  Rector  a  few  months  lill   about 


*  Rev.  William  Hooper,  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  who  Mr.  Smith  says,  Aug. 
30,  "  came  here  yesterday." 


28-4  A  V  p  i:  N  I)  I X . 

Eastor,  I'^IiC).  Rev.  Thomas  ]\I.  Clark  olliciatt'd  duriiiir  the 
summer  of  that  yonr  and  was  fJiiccerdcd  by  Rev.  John  N. 
French,  who  contimifd  during;  ihe  next  three  years.  In  1^39, 
St.  Paul's  Parish  havint,'  In'eome  embarrassed,  St.  Stej^hen's 
Parish  was  formed.  The  |)ro|)erly  of  the  former  was  pureliascd 
by  the  latter  society.  Rev.  James  Pratt  became  Rector  in 
1840. 

In  1851,  a  second  Parisli  was  organized  in  Portland  under 
the  name  of  St.  Luke's,  of  which  Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Southgate, 
D.  D.,  was  the  first  Rector. 


CHRIST  CHURCH,  GARDINER. 

To  Dr.  Sylvester  (Jardiner  this  Church  is  indebted  for  its 
origin  and  liberal  patronage.  •  He  erected,  at  his  own  expense, 
a  church  and  parsonage  in  1772,  which  was  dedicated  by  Rev. 
Jacob  Bailey,  August  16th,  of  that  year.  The  church  had  a 
spire,  but  was  unllnished  at  the  time  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion. It  would  seem  that  it  also  was  furnished  with  a  bell, 
for  at  the  Easter  meeting,  in  1773,  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston, 
it  was  voted  "that  tiie  old  bell,  with  the  Appurtenances 
be  given  to  the  Saint  Ann's  Church,  Gardinerston."  *  In 
1793  a  Parish  was  incorj^orated  by  the»name  of  the  Epis- 
copal Society,  in  Pittston,  that  name  having  been  j)reviously 
given  to  the  towMi  which  had  been  incorporated,  embra- 
cing lands  on  both  sides  of  the  Kennebec  River.  As  soon 
as  the  Parish  was  incorporated  the  executors  of  Dr.  Gardiner 
proceeded  to  complete  the  church  edifice,  and  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Warren  was  chosen  Rector.  The  church,  yet  incomplete, 
was  burned  l)y  an  insane  person.  Another  edifice  took  its 
place  shortly  after,  which,  though  only  partly  finished,  was  oc- 
cupif'd  tor  public  worship.  Rev.  Mr.  Warren  left  in  179(>,  and 
he  was  sueeeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bowers.  Mr.  Bowers  riMuovcd 
to  Marblehead  in  1802.  In  the  summer  of  that  year  Mr.  N.  B. 
Crocker   read    prayers  three  months.     In   1803  that    part  of 

•Greenwood's  History  of  King's  Chapel,  p.  132. 


ATPENDIX.  285 

Pittston  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  Kennebec  River  was 
incorporated  into  a  new  town  by  the  name  of  Gardiner.  Rev. 
Samuel  Haskell,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Boston,  became 
Rector  of  this  Parish  in  1803,  and  left  in  1809.  The  church 
was  closed  for  the  following  year,  when  it  was  opened  under 
the  ministrations  of  Mr.  Aaron  Iluiuphrey,  a  Methodist  min- 
ister, who  more  than  a  year  afterwards  was  admitted  to  Holy 
Orders.  Mr.  Humphrey  left  in  1814.  Rev.  Mr.  Leonard,  of 
Vermont,  officiated  in  the  latter  part  of  1815.  Rev.  G.  W. 
Olney  became  Rector  in  October,  1817.  His  popularity  was 
so  great  that  a  larger  church  building  was  required  in  a  short 
time.  About  this  time  an  act  was  obtained  changing  the 
name  of  the  Parish  to  Christ  Church,  Gardiner. 

The  new  and  elegant  structure,  l)uilt  of  stone,  was  conse- 
crated October  19th,  1820.  Its  cost  was  rising  $14,000,  and  the 
land  occupied  by  it  was  given  to  the  Parish.  Mr.  Olney  re-' 
signed  the  Rectorship  in  the  spring  of  1^20,  and  was  succeeded, 
temporarily,  by  Rev.  B.  C.  C.  Parker,  who  was  followed  by 
Rev.  E.  M.  P.  Wells.  In  the  autumn  of  1827,  Mr.  Wells  re- 
signed the  Parish,  and  lay  reading  was  again  resorted  to  for  a 
short  time.  The  Rev.  T.  S.  W^  Mott  officiated  for  a  few 
weeks  in  the  latter  part  of  this  year,  but  on  account  of  ill 
health  he  withdrew  to  the  south.  The  Rev.  William  Horton 
was  minister  during  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring,  Rev.  N.  M. 
Jones  officiated  for  a  few  weeks.  In  September,  1828,  Rev. 
Mr.  Mott  was  instituted  as  Rector  of  the  Parish,  but  his  health 
was  such  that  he  returned  again  to  the  south,  iiaving  officiated 
but  one  Sunday.  Rev.  Lot  Jones  was  engaged  to  supply  Rev. 
Mr.  Mott's  place  during  his  absence.  Mr.  Jones  left  in  May, 
and  was  immediately  succeeded  by  Rev.  Isaac  Peck.  Mr. 
Mott  having  resigned  the  Parish,  Mr.  Peck  was  chosen  Rector 
in  April,  1830.  In  October  of  the  following  year  "Sir.  Peck  re- 
signed his  Rectorship.  In  the  spring  of  1831,  Rev.  Joel  Clap 
took  charge  of  the  Parish,  and  held  it  nine  years,  when  he  re- 
moved from  the  State.  Rev,  William  R.  Babcock  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  Rector  in  October,  1840.  He  resigned  his 
office  in  1847,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rt.  Rev.  George  Burgess, 
D.  D.,  first  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Kpiscopal  Church  in  the 
Diocese  of  Maine. 


286  APPENDIX. 


K  I'l'TK  R  Y. 

A  church  building  was  erected  in  that  part  of  Kittery  now 
called  Elliot,  near  the  banks  of  the  Piseataqua,  and  about 
six  miles  from  Portsmouth.  Rev.  Arthur  Brown,  Rector  of 
Queen's  Chapel,  in  the  last  named  place,  occasionally  offici- 
ated in  this  church,  and  reported  to  the  Venerable  Society  that 
in  Kittery  there  were  fifteen  communicants  of  the  Church  of 
England.  For  many  years  Mr.  Brown  received  from  the  Ven- 
erable Society  X15  sterling  per  annum  for  officiating  at  Kit- 
tery, in  addition  to  i^GO  sterling,  his  stipend  as  Missionary  at 
Portsmouth.     Mr.  Brown  died  in  1773. 


•  The  "  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register," 
contains  (vol.  iv.  p.  38)  the  following  article: — 

"  The  following  is  the  inscription  upon  the  tomb-stone  of 
the  Minister  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Kittery,  near  Elliot, 
which  Church,  it  is  supposed,  became  extinct  at  the  time  of 
his  death.     The  grave  is  in  a  field  belonging  to  Mr.  Fernald. 

"  'Here  Lyes  Buried  the  Body  of  the  Rev'd  Mr.  John  Eve- 
Icth,  who  departed  this  Life  Aug.  1st  Anno:  Dom  :  1734,  aged 
Co  years.' 

"  Epitaphs  from  South  Berwick,  &:c.,  communicated  for  the 
Register,  by  Mr.  John  S.  II.  Fogg,  of  South  Berwick,  Me." 

Mr.  Eveleth  was  not  a  clergyman  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
The  following  is  stated  on  the  authority  of  Rev.  Joseph  B. 
Felt,  Librarian  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society: — 

"  Rev.  John  Eveleth  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Eveleth,  who 
belonged  to  Ipswich,  Mass.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1689,  preached  as  a  Congregational  minister  at 
Manchester,  Mass.;  was  ordained  in  that  denomination  at 
Stow  in  1700,  dismissed  in  1717,  settled  at  Kennebunlc  Port, 
dismissed  1729,  and  was  at  the  latter  place  1732."' 

The  compiler  of  the  present  Memoir  would  not  have  in- 
serted this  Note  were  it  not  that  a  tradition  is  current  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Mr.  Eveleth's  burying  place,  similar  to  the 
statement  furnished  to  the  N.  E.  Historical  and  Genealogical 


APPENDIX.  287 

Register.  As  the  article  copied  from  the  Register  may  tend 
to  extend  and  perpetuate  an  erroneous  idea,  it  seemed  desira- 
ble to  correct  it  in  a  work  treating  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
History  of  Maine. 


PROSPECT 


Williamson  says,*  in  speaking  of  the  town  of  Prospect:! 
"  Before  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  Thomas  Cloldthwait  and 
Francis  Bernard,  son  of  the  Governor,  took  from  the  Waldo 
proprietors  a  grant  of  2,700  acres,  near  the  southerly  part  of  the 
town  ;  in  consideration  of  which,  they  engaged  to  settle  thirty 
families  and  an  Episcopal  minister,  and  to  build  a  church. 
They  did,  indeed,  rear  a  small  brick  chapel,  and  attempt  a  set- 
tlement; but  being  Tories,  they,  in  the  war,  left  their  country 
and  forfeited  their  property.  The  plantation  continued,  and 
in  1784  there  were  in  Prospect  twenty-four  families." 


REV.  WILLIAM  W.   WHEELER,  MISSIONARY  AT 
GEORCtETOWN. 

The  subject  of  the  following  notice  was  the  son  of  William 
Wheeler,  and  was  born  at  Concord,  Mass.,  Dec.  24th,  1731.  He 
was  a  classmate  of  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey.  In  Mr.  Bailey's  Journals, 
during  the  time  he  was  in  college,  mention  is  made  of  a  visit 
he  paid  to  Mr.  Wheeler's  family.  This  and  subsecjuent  notices 
show  that  the  father  of  this  gentleman  was  possessed  of  a 
large  farm  in  Concord,  and  one  of  his  daughters  is  described 
as  a  young  lady  of  talent,  and  considerable  literary  attainment. 

On  the  18th  November,  1765,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Rev.  Mr. 
Caner,  minister  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  as  follows:  '"  Since 
the  Society  have  determined  to  send  a  Missionary  to  George- 
town, I  would  intreat  you  to  look  out  for  some  suitable  gentle- 


•  History  of  Maine,  Vol.  ii.,  p.  565. 

t  Prospect  is  on  the  Penobscot  River,  near  its  mouth. 


288  A  r  p  E  N 1)  I X . 

man,  that  \vc  may  recommend  for  Orders  as  soon  as  possible. 
I  have  wrote  to  one  I\Ir.  Wheeler  of  Concord,  a  classmate  of 
mine,  who  several  years  af^o  was  inclined  to  the  Church.  lie 
sustains  :i  ^ood  c  li:iracter,  anil  it  is  |)robable,  he  will  soon  wait 
upon  you  for  directions." 

From  a  letter  from  Mr.  ^Vhel>lcr,  dated  Conct)rd,  l)cc.  0th, 
ITG'"),  the  following  is  taken.  After  expressing  his  friendly  \ 
sentiments  towards  the  Church  of  England,  he  says  "I  am 
constrained  to  return  this  answer,  vi/.:  that  if  the  proposals 
you  mention  are  strictly  and  absolutely  complied  with,  viz.: 
if  the  people  of  Georgetown  will  enter  into  bonds  to  furnish 
the  Missionary  with  <£20  sterling  jkt  aiumm,  and  a  dwell- 
ing-house, (kc,  beside  the  £.50  sterling  granted  by  the  Soci- 
ety, I  say,  I  will  accept  of  it,  and  am  willing  to  go  for 
Ordination  as  soon  as  op|)ortunity  jxTrnits."  A  letter  from 
Mr.  WluH^er,  Concord,  May  17th,  17(j(),  acknowledges  the 
receipt  of  letters  from  Rev.  Jacob  Bailey,  since  the  date  of  the  j 
letter  just  (pioted.  Mr.  Wheeler  assigns  indisjiosition  as  the 
cause  of  his  not  before  writing  or  visiting  Kennebec.  He 
says:  "I  have  waited  upon  the  Rev.  Dr.  Caner,  (for  such  he  is 
now,)  and  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  lind  them  both  very  friendly  and 
kind,  and  much  of  gentlemen.  Since  I  received  your  last,  I 
have  received  a  kind  invitation  to  the  westward,  to  Marlboro' 
and  Hopkiiiton,  of  the  same  iiatnn^  as  your's,  by  a  letter  from 
a  gentleman  there,  and  he  begs  that  I  would  see  him  Ijcfore  I 
come  to  the  eastward."  From  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wheeler  in 
NovembiT  of  this  year,  it  would  seem  that  he  had  had  an  inter- 
view with  Mr.  Butler,  one  of  tlie  principal  Churchmen  at 
Georgetown,  and  that  probably  an  arrangement  would  be 
made  for  his  going  to  that  place.  Mr.  Wheeler  says:  '>  I  am 
at  present  engaged  to  officiate  at  the  Church  in  Cambridge. 
They  have  a  minister  appointed,  Mr.  Sergeant,  but  he  is  not 
expected  until  s|iring."  Mr.  W^heeler  writes  to  Mr.  Bailey 
from  Boston,  Aug.  5th,  1767:  "  The  Society  has  been  so  good 
as  to  grant  me  i!20  sterling  for  my  services  at  Caml)ridge, 
besides  what  the  people  gave  me,  which  is  very  kind  and 
unexpected  to  me." 

Mr.  Wheeler  was  recommended  to  the  Society  by  the  clergy 


APPENDIX.  289 

in  Convention  assembled  in  Boston,  June  17, 17G7.  The  Rev. 
Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  adds  a  postscript  to  his 
letter  of  Dec.  1767,  in  which  he  says:  "  Mr.  Wheeler  is  arrived 
and  will  be  ordained  for  Georgetown  very  soon."  He  returned 
from  England,  having  received  Holy  Orders  there,  and  arrived 
in  Boston,  in  the  ship  Boscawen,  Capt.  Jacobson,  in  May, 
1768. 

Mr.  Wheeler  left  Georgetown  in  April,  1772,  for  Newport, 
R.  I.  where  he  had  been  engaged  to  assist  Rev.  Mr.  Bisset, 
Rector  of  Trinity  Church  in  that  town.  In  a  letter  dated 
Sept.  8th,  1779,  in  which  he  gives  an  account  of  the  situation 
of  some  of  his  brother  clergy,  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "I  forgot  to 
mention  Mr.  Wheeler,  who  is  neither  Whig  nor  Tory,  but  so 
terrified  with  both  as  to  retire  from  human  society.  He  lives 
like  an  hermit,  and  employs  his  time  in  making  butter  and 
cheese."  Mr.  Wheeler  was  unanimously  chosen  Rector  of 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Scituate,  and  Trinity  Church,  Marsh- 
field,  May  loth,  1783.  Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  D.  D.,  wrote  from 
Boston,  Nov.  22d,  1788:  "Mr.  Wheeler  is  and  has  been  for 
some  years  past,  preaching  in  rotation  at  Scituate,  Marshfield, 
Bridgewater  and  Braintree,  and  has  lately  married  a  daughter 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson,  of  Scituate.  He  is  so  much  in  Free- 
man's plan  that  he  would  not  join  his  brethren  in  this  State  in 
protesting  against  Freeman's  ordination."  In  the  Journal  of 
Massachusetts  Convention  for  1790,  Mr.  Wheeler  is  designated 
as  Rector  of  St.  Thomas's  Church,  Taunton,  in  addition  to  the 
Churches  before  named. 

Mr.  Wheeler  died  at  Scituate,  January  14th,  1810,  aged  75 
years. 

The  present  writer  has  no  means  of  forming  an  estimate  of 
his  character.  Soon  after  his  death  an  obituary  notice  appeared 
in  one  of  the  Boston  newspapers.  This  notice  is  devoted 
mainly  to  praising  his  political  principles,  and  if-  the  writer's 
ignorance  of  the  character  of  Mr.  Wheeler  is  to  be  measured 
by  his  ignorance  of  some  of  the  leading  facts  in  the  clerical 
life  of  the  subject  of  his  sketch,  but  little  reliance  can  be 
placed  upon  this  obituary  notice. 
37 


200  APniNDTX, 


SILVRSTER  GARDINER,  M.  D. 

The  iiiii)i)rtaiit  part  that  this  i^'ciitlciiiaii  took  in  promoting 
the  intert'sts  of  the  Episcopal  Ciiurch  in  Maine,  before  the 
Revolution  entitles  liitn  to  a  more  particular  mention  than  is 
made  in  the  text. 

Among  the  families  of  note  who  settled  Boston  Neck,  now 
in  the  town  of  Kingston,  R.  L,  was  the  Gardiner  family. 
AVilliam,  a  grandson  of  the  original  settler  of  that  name,  was 
born  in  1()71.  The  fourth  of  his  si'ven  children,  who  was  born 
in  1707,  is  the  subject  of  this  notice.  The  marriage  of  his 
sister,  Hannah,  with  the  Rev.  James  McSparran,  (afterwards 
D.  D.,)  had  a  great  influence  on  his  future  life. 

Mr.  MeSparran,  perceiving  the  abilities  and  tastes  of  his 
brother-in-law,  persuaded  his  father  to  give  him  a  liberal  educa- 
tion. It  having  been  settled  that  the  expenses  necessary  to  this 
should  be  deducted  from  Silvester's  share  of  the  paternal 
estate,  he  was  sent  to  school  in  Boston,  and  afterwards  in- 
structed by  Mr.  McSparran.  He  decided  upon  the  practice  of 
medicine  as  his  future  profession. 

At  that  time  great  difiiculties  lay  in  the  way  of  medical 
students.  No  hospitals  nor  schools  of  medicine  existed  in 
America,  public  prejudice  forbad  dissections,  and  the  law  laid 
heavy  penalties  on  any  one  who  should  seek  to  acquire  the 
knowledge  of  Anatomy  in  the  only  proper  way.  No  alterna- 
tive presented  itself  to  the  ambitious  student  of  the  healing 
art,  but  to  avail  himself  of  those  facilities  in  Europe,  which 
were  denied  him  in  his  own  country.  Silvester  passed  eight 
years  in  London  and  Paris,  principally  in  the  latter  city,  and 
acquired  an  amount  and  kind  of  medical  knowledge  which 
at  that  time  were  perha[)s  in  possession  of  but  few  in  his 
native  country. 

His  religious  principles,  early  inculcated,  carried  him  safely 
through  the  licentiousness  of  French  society,  always  great, 
but  more  so  at  the  time  of  his  residence  in  Paris,  which  was 
in  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XV.,  soon  after  the  re- 
gency of  the  Duke  of  Orleans.     The  open  profligacy  that  he 


Cojil.-v  1 


l^&-t.<^X^S>     FtA^i^i    t.«^  ^^~^CU   ^CUlJ~tt.l%4^ 


nJclO^  /^  i 


^ 


^C>  /  /  LCL^ 


APPENDIX.  29 1 

had  witnessed  in  France,  gave  him  such  a  dislike  to  llic  na- 
tion, that  in  after  life  he  would  not  consent  that  his  chihlren 
should  be  instructed  in  the  French  language,  lest  their  minds 
should  be  corrupted  by  the  literature  of  that  country. 

Upon  his  return  he  married  Anne,  daughter  of  Dr.  Gibbons, 
a  wealthy  physician  of  Boston,  and  was  soon  engaged  in  that 
place  in  an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice.  He  also  lectured 
on  Anatomy,  illustrating  his  lectures  by  preparations  he  had 
brought  from  Europe.  He  opened  in  Boston  a  large  estab- 
lishment for  the  sale  and  importation  of  drugs.  By  these 
means  he  acquired  an  immense  estate. 

Having  become  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Kennetx'c  pur- 
chase, covering  a  tract  of  land  from  Bath  to  Norridgcwock, 
some  fifty  miles  in  length,  and  extending  fifteen  miles  on 
each  side  of  the  Kennebec  River,  he  directed  his  energies 
to  the  improvement  of  that  wilderness  country.  Almost  the 
entire  management  of  the  affairs  of  the  company  was  commit- 
ted to  him.  He  managed  the  trust  with  great  energy  and 
judgment,  and  at  his  own  personal  expense  built  houses  and 
cleared  farms  which  he  well  stocked,  at  the  Chops  of  Merry- 
meeting  Bay  and  Lynd's  Island,  Pittston,  Winslow,  and  Pow- 
nalborough,  at  the  latter  of  which  places  he  built  mills.  The 
tract  of  land  near  the  Cobbosee  Contee  River,  was  obtained 
by  him  of  his  associates,  and  he  labored  and  expended  much 
to  bring  it  forward.  He  built  houses,  dams,  and  mills,  at  this 
place,  now  the  city  of  Gardiner;  introduced  many  settlers 
and  advanced  them  means  necessary  to  their  establishment, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  a  large  sum,  most  of  which 
was  never  repaid  him. 

He  built  a  church  and  parsonage  at  Gardinerston,  (as  it 
was  then  called,)  in  1772,  but  was  interrupted  in  his  benevo- 
lent labors  by  the  political  troubles  of  the  time,  and  was 
obliged  to  leave  the  church  uncompleted.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  active  and  efficient  persons  in  building  King's  Chapel, 
Boston,  and  contributed  largely  to  its  erection,  and  was  for 
many  years  one  of  its  wardens. 

Dr.  Gardiner  left  Boston  with  the  British  army,  when  that 
town  was  evacuated.     His  property  was  all  confiscated,  but 


292  APPENDIX. 

owiii^  to  some  Irgal   iiitormalit y  the  connscalioii  did  not  l)old, 
and  his  estate  descended  to  liis  heirs. 

Dr.  (Jardiner  died  at  Newport,  An<i;iist,  17%,  in  the  ^Oth 
year  of  his  ape;  the  eiti/ens,  at  his  funeral,  bestowing  those 
marks  of  respect  which  evideneed  their  high  estimation  of  his 
character.  His  remains  were  de|)osited  uniler  Trinity  Church, 
in  that  phicc,  and  a  monument,  (with  a  Latin  inscription,  by 
his  grandson,  Rev.  Dr.  (iardiner,  former  Rector  of  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,)  has  been  erected  to  his  memory  in  Christ 
Church,  (Jardiner,  Maine.  His  agency  in  influencing  Mr. 
Bailey  tt)  visit  London  to  receive  Holy  Orders  has  been  al- 
ready named  in  the  .Memoir.  To  him  it  was  owing  that  an 
Episcopal  Missionary  was  sent  to  Pownalborough,  a  glebe 
given  in  that  town,  and  a  church  and  parsonage  erected 
thereon.  His  l)uilding  a  church  and  parsonage  at  Gardiner, 
at  his  own  expense,  has  been  already  mentioned.  To  that 
Parish  he  gave  a  glebe  lot,  which  now  yields  a  handsome  in- 
come yearly.  The  church,  not  being  completed  at  his  decease, 
he  directed  in  his  will  that  it  should  be  finished  by  his  execu- 
tors, and  the  exj)ense  charged  to  his  estate,  and  he  endowed  it 
with  a  legacy  of  X28  sterling  per  annum,  to  be  paid  forever  to 
the  Rector.  Says  one,  who  knew  him  well :  "But  his  piety 
was  not  shown  only  in  these  ))ublic  acts.  His  family  was  the 
well  ord<'red  family  of  a  Christian,  from  whose  altar  the  morn- 
ing and  evening  sacrifice  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  regularly 
ascended.  Believing  the  observances  enjoined  by  the  Church 
to  be  eminently  calculated  to  afTord  spiritual  sustenance  to  the 
soul,  and  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  piety,  he  strictly  observed 
all  its  ordinances,  its  Festivals  and  Fasts,  and  on  the  greater 
Fasts  spent  the  whole  day,  excepting  what  was  occupied  by 
family  and  public  worship,  in  the  retirement  of  his  closet 
During  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  secluded  from  business,  he 
spent  much  of  his  time  in  religious  contenijilation,  and  com- 
piled a  book  of  devotion,  evidencing  not  only  sterling  piety 
and  sincerity  of  purpose,  but  bearing  the  impress  of  a  heart 
truly  and  deeply  warmed  with  the  love  of  Christ,  and  filled 
with  that  fervency  of  devotion  which  can  only  be  the  fruit  of 
man's  deep  sense  of  his  need  of  a  Redeemer.     He  had  a  large 


APPENDIX.  293 

edition  of  this  book  printed  at  his  own  expense,  and  which  he 
designed  for  gratuitous  distribution." 

A  highly  esteemed  and  respected  friend  has  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  perusing  the  little  book  above-named,  which  is  en- 
titled "  A  Daily  Companion  to  the  Closet;''  a  compilation  of 
prayers,  with  a  few  hymns  and  practical  dissertations ;  '*  the 
whole  collected  and  compiled  from  the  Common  Prayer,  and 
from  some  of  the  most  pious  writers.  By  a  Layman.  Lon- 
don :  Printed  for  the  Author;  1785."  The  friend  alluded  to 
expresses  his  high  gratification  at  the  perusal  of  this  volume, 
as  evidently  the  production  of  one  of  earnest,  habitual  i)rayer, 
and  exercised  with  the  deep  convictions  and  sanctified  desires 
of  private,  personal  religion. 

The  Episcopal  Church  in  Maine  is  under  great  obligations 
to  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  for  the  warm  interest  he  manifested 
in  her,  and  the  sacrifices  and  exertions  he  made  in  her  behalf 
in  the  days  of  her  weakness.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  know  that 
he  was  deeply  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  Ciospel.  The  in- 
scription on  his  monument,  before  named,  fails  to  do  him  jus- 
tice in  this  particular,  and  the  writer  of  this  sketch  delights  to 
have  it  in  his  power  to  be  enabled  to  convey,  however  feebly, 
a  more  true  picture  of  his  religious  character. 


294  APPENDIX. 


Contribution  to  the  list  of  Tlinc    llundrctl  Ministers,  of  the 
dill'crent  (lenoiiiiniitions,  who  have  entered  the  ministry  of 

ihf  I'rtUcslaiit  I"'|)isc()|);il  ("liiirch  in  lh(;  I'nited  States: — 

lit.  Rev.  Edwahd  Hass,  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

See  Biographical  Sketch. 

Rev.  William   McClknnathan. 

Note  D  to  the  foregoing  Memoir. 

Rev.  Jacoh  Bailkv. 

See  foregoing  Memoir. 

Rev.  William  W.  Wukkler. 

Rev.  John  Wiswall. 

Willis  Smithes  Journal,  p.  150,  Note  1. 

Rev.  John  Ruggles  Cotting,  of  Waldoborough,  Me. 
In  1812  "  he  changed  his  sentiments,  and  became  an  Epis- 
copalian." 

Greenleafs  Ecclesiastical  Sketches,  p.  175. 

Rev.  William  Clarke,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Ded- 
ham,  Mass* 

Authority :  Rev.  S.  B.  Babcock's  Letter,  Aug.  9,  1851. 

Rev.  Joshua   Wingate   Weeks,    Rector  of    St.   Michael's 
Church,  Marblehead,  Mass. 

See  Biographical  Sketch. 


appe:^dix.  295 


ABSTRACT  OF  SERMONS. 

The  compiler  of  this  Memoir,  feeling  desirous  of  forming  a 
correct  estimate  of  Mr.  Bailey's  literary  qualifications  and 
religious  views,  made  a  careful  abstract  of  most  of  his  sermons 
which  came  into  his  possession.  He  had  written  on  the  ab- 
stract the  words :  The  fol/oiring-  is  not  intended  for  publica- 
tion. But  a  friend,  well  qualified  to  advise  in  such  matters, 
wished  him  to  strike  out  the  words  above-named  and  hand  the 
abstract,  with  other  "copy,"  to  the  printer.  My  clerical  breth- 
ren can  appreciate  the  labor  necessary  to  make  an  analysis  of 
such  a  large  number  of  sermons,  many  of  them  imperfect,  and 
some  not  easy  to  be  deciphered;  and  if  an  error  in  judgment 
has  been  committed,  they  will,  it  is  believed,  pardon  it,  in 
consideration  of  the  nature  of  the  task  which  I  imposed  upon 
myself 

St.  Luke  xxii.  44.      On  the  sullerings  of  Christ.      1759. 
A  quotation  is  made  in  this  discourse  from  "an  An-  olmiLcsfer'" 
cient  Father,  on  the  wide  extent  of  the  etficaev  of ''\"'^  ^;?P^^ 

•'  Ann  llnrbor, 

Christ's  sufferings.*'      The  divinity  of  Christ  and  his  March  and 
equality  with  the  Father,  are  emphatically  set  forth     No.  i. 
in  this  sermon.     [This  discourse  is  numbered  eight 
by  Mr.  Bailey.] 

1  Chronicles  xxviii.  9.     flmperfect.]  Hampton, 

•■        '  ^  Falls,  J'e  3d. 

No.  2. 

Hebrews  ix.  26.     Christ's  sacrifice.  No.  .3. 

Psalms  \.     Exposition  of  this  Psalm.    [Imperfect.]      No.  4. 


Imperfect.     This  MS.  contains  also  a  list  of  books      17G0. 
distributed  by  order  of   Venerable   Society,  sundry     ^"^  •'• 
baptisms,  and  memos,  of  the  sickness  of  Mr.  Bailey. 


The  greater  part  of  a  Thanksgiving  Sermon:  "this  17fil. 
is  the  first  opportunity  that  ever  presented  of  having  y^'-'r^'ad'^'" 
a  Thanksgiving  celebrated  in  this  place."     Attacks     ^°-  ^- 


296 


APPENDIX. 


17()2. 

Frankfort, 
ccfiuber. 
No.  6a. 


Frankfort, 
AuB;ust2<,)th. 
No.  Gb. 

1763. 

Frankfort, 
Julv  IGth. 

No.  7. 

No.  8. 

Frankfort, 

June  10th. 

No.  9. 


l)y  Indians.  "  These  events,  we  all  know,  have  fre- 
(lucntly  lia|)pciiod  in  this  country  till  the  present  and 
the  year  past." 

Psalm  cxvii.  1st  and  part  of  2d  verse.  A  Thanks- 
giving Sermon.  I.  Consider  the  various  instances 
of  Divine  goodness:  1.  In  continuing  the  life  and 
prosperity  of  our  Sovereign ;  2.  In  the  preservation 
of  the  C^ueen  and  tiie  birth  of  a  Prince;  3.  Contin- 
uance of  our  civil  and  religious  liberties;  4.  In  suc- 
cess of  our  armies,  both  by  sea  and  land,  e.  g:  con- 
quest of  Havana,  expulsion  of  the  French  from  New 
Foundland,  the  capture  of  several  sliii)s  of  war  from 
the  French  and  Spaniards ;  o.  The  prospect  of  an 
honorable  and  lasting  peace. 

Psalm  viii.     Exposition  of  this  Psalm. 

Proverbs  x.  19.     Sins  of  the  tongue. 


Esther  vii.  G.     Guilt  the  cause  of  fear.     Example 
of  Haman. 


1764.  Si.  MatUicw  v.  37.     A  proper  use  of  the  tongue 

March'^22d     cnjoiucd.     [This  seruiou  was  corrected  by  Rev.  J.  W. 
No.  10.  ' 


Weeks,  Numbered  2. 


Place  and  p^rt   of  a    Cliristmas    Sermon.     St.  Chrysostom 

date  want'g.  "' 

No.  II.       quoted. 

1765. 

Frankfort,         Z)««J6'/ iv.  30.     On  sclf-conccit.     [Numbered  11.] 

March  l.st. 
No.  I'J. 

Frankfort,         Proverbs  XX vi.  12.     On  self-conceit.     [Numbered 

Julv  12th. 
No.  13.        21.] 

1766. 

Frankfort,         dcucsis  \\\.'2Q>.    Punishment  of  Lot's  wlfc.    [This 

No.^h".  '^  sermon  was  corrected  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks.] 


APPENDIX.  297 

^cts  xvii.  25  to  28.     A  Fast  Day  Sermon.  Frankfort, 

•'  April  24th. 

No.  15. 

Genesis  xx.  11.  The  fear  of  the  Lord.  2cl  divis-  No.  ic. 
ion :  When  any  person  and  place  may  be  .said  to  be 
destitute  of  the  fear  of  the  Lord.  1.  Wlien  the  in- 
habitants of  any  place  are  addicted  to  intemperance 
and  immodesty;  2.  When  they  give  themselves  up 
to  prof ane  swearing-;  3.  When  a  spirit  of  lying  uni- 
versally prevails  ;  4.  When  they  give  them.selves  up  to 
slander,  revile  and  backbite  their  neighbors;  o.  When 
a  spirit  of co7i^e«/iow and  r/Marre//i«g' prevails;  G.  When 
they  live  in  the  neglect  of  the  ivorship  of  God. 


St.  John  xvi.  2d  and  3d   verses.     On  persecution     1767. 
[A  correction  made  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks.     Num-  m°7osu°'°' 
bered  6,  by  Mr.  B.]  *  ^^'^^■ 

2d  article  of  the  ApostWs  Creed.     Exposition  of  Frankfort. 

.1  nvT       ^  1  August  9lh, 

the  same.     [No.  2.J  N«.  17a. 

1  Corinthians  ix.  part  of  24th  verse.     The  Christ-  pran^fo^t 
ian  race.  previous  to 

l-tbrry   5th. 
No.  176. 

St.  John  v.  39.     Search  the  Scriptures.     [No.  2.1     Frankfort, 

^  ^  •■       Fcbr'ry    5th. 

No.  17c. 

Joshna  vii.  25.     Wicked  men  cause  all  tiie  trouble,  rownaiboro, 

&c.,  of  the  world  ;  but  they  shall  be  punished  here  or    "j^^q.  \^^ 

hereafter.     [Numbered  2  by  Mr.  Bailey.] 


Joshua  ix.  22,  23.  Sin  of  deceiving  another.  Frankfort, 
[This  is  headed  Scripture  History,  No.  ,  by  Mr.  No.'io.  * 
Bailey.] 

Frankfort, 

jRowaws  xi.  20.     On  self  conceit.     [No.  4.]  "n".\'o.' 

"17697 
Ruth  iv.  13.     Character  of  Boaz.  Frankfort, 

Sept.  7th. 
No.  21. 

2  Samuel  xviii.  33.  Conduct  of  Absalom,  his  death ;      1770. 
38 


298  APPENDIX. 

Frankfort,     Kinff  David's  griff;   cause  of   this    finrief — a  belief 

AuffUstlSlh.  »  ,  -11 

Ko.2J.       that  Absalom  would  be  eternally  punished. 

No.  23.  Part  of  a  sermon  on  k)ve  to  God. 


Pown'lboro'        Ecclesiasiis  V.  1,  2.     Sermon  at  the  Consecration 
No.  2t.       of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough  :  1st,  the  sea- 
sons; 2d,  the  places;  3d,  the  manner;  4th,  the  de- 
sign ;  and  ^th,  the  importance  of  Public  Worship. 
[Prelixed  to  this  sermon  is  "A  Prayer  at  the  dedica- 

tion  of  St.  John's  Church,  Pownalborough."] 

1771. 

Pownalboro,  ..        ^-- 

Nov.  I8_th.         Proverbs  iii.  So.     Shame  the  promotion  of  fools. 


No.  25. 


1772. 

Pown'ihoro,        ^^'  Mallhciv  V.  44.     The  duty  of  benevolence. 

April  23d. 
No.  20. 

Pown'iboro,       Hebreics  xii.  7.    Duties  of  fathers  to  their  children. 

May  27th. 
No.  27. 

Pown'ii.oro'       ^/.  Mullhew  Iv.  19  and  20.      Duty  of  foUowina; 

June  20th.  •'  ° 

No.  28.       Christ. 


Pown'iboro        Joh  iv.  14.       On  the  nature  and  advantages  of 
Julv  17th.       ^  ,.     ,  r     . 

N'o.  2"j.       r  ear.     Part  tirst. 


Pownalboro'       Jsaiiili  li.  7.   Ou  the  excesses  of  Fear.  Part  second. 

No.  JO. 

Pown'iboro'        Si.   Matthcv  \\\\.  7.     The  vanities  which   hinder 
'  No.  31.      the  Gospel  taking  ell'ect  in  the  hearts  of  men.     Part 
fourth. 


Pown'iboro'       Revelations  (?)  — .  — .      Probably  for  All  Saints' 
No.  32.       D^y-     Account  of  l*opi.-<h  persecutions. 

Pown'iboro'        St.  John  iv.  48.      Causes  of  unbelief.     [Original 
prayer  added.] 

Pown'iboro' 

Advent  Sun-       St.  Mattliciv  x\i.  1  1.     The  necessity  of  a  Redeem- 
Vo.  3t.       er.     "  I  shall  at  present  endeavour  to  shew  the  neces- 


APPENDIX.  299 

sity  of  a  Redeemer,  and  then,  in  a  number  of  dis- 
courses, consider  and  explain  the  nature  of  this  great 
redemption."  [Original  prayer  added,  marked:  "Be- 
fore sermon."] 

St.  Luke  ii.  14.     1st.  Value  of  Peace.  2d.  Methods  Pown'iboro' 
to  obtain  and  preserve  it.     3d.  Exhortation.  .No.  3.5. 

St.  Mattheiv  xxi.  5.     Kingly  office  of  Christ.  Doc.  2itth. 

"^  •'  No.  36. 

Job  XXX.  23.     Feelings  of  various  classes  of  sin-      1773. 
ners  at  the  approach  of  death.  jan.  2oih. 

No.  37. 


St.   Mattheio  xiii.  7.     A  fondness  for  popular  ap-  Powriboro' 

IU5 

seed. 


plause  is  one  of  those  things  which  choke  the  good  "  ^^^  a^; 


II.  Samuel  xii.  31.      Character  of  David.      Cau-  Pown'iboro' 
tion  to  be  used  in  estimating  the  characters  of  Scrip-    No.  39. 
ture  personages. 

St.  Mattheiv  xii.  31,  32.      The   sin   against  the  Pown-iboro' 

TT   1      /"1I        J.  J"!^  s**^- 

Holy  Ghost.  No.  40. 

Acts  i.  1  to  6.     "  An  exposition  of  the  Acts  of  the  Pownlboro' 
Apostles."     [No.  1.]  No.*4i. 

Proverbs  iii.  17.      The  pleasure  derived  from  the  Powij'iboro' 
.     .  Sept.  2;»th. 

practice  of  virtue.  No.  42, 

St.  Mattheiv  xiii.  8.     Parable  of  the  good  ground.  Pown'iboro' 

°  °  No.  43. 

St.  Matthev)  xiii.  8.     Part  II.  of  same  discourse.     Pown'iboro* 

No.  44. 

St.  Mattheio  xv.  18.      Caution  against  following     1774. 
those  who  attempt  to  spread  new  and  unauthorized  5'un".J,''t']|.°' 
opinions.  No.  45. 


300  APPENDIX. 


Pown'iboro"       St.  Matthev)  xviii.  27.     Forgiveness  of  injuries. 

July  7th. 
No.  46. 

rown'iboro'       St.  Mdtt/iein  xviii.  31.  to  35.      Aimed  a":ainst  the 

July  8th.  .  -  ,.  .  .         .  ,     .  '^     ,    , 

No.  47.  practice  oi  creditors  imprisoning  tlieir  poor  debtors. 
Pown'iboro'        St.  Mutthew  XX.  16.     God  has  a  right  to  deal  with 

July  14th.  ^^,  ,.  ^^.  ^^ 

No.  48.  His  creatures  according  to  His  o.wii  pleasure. 
Pown'iboro"       St.  MattlieiD  xxi.  28  to  31.      Parable  of  the  two 

July  IGth. 

No.  49.  sons. 

Pown'iboro'       St.  Mutthew  xix.  19.     Love  of  our  country  and 

July  21st.  ,  1 

No  50  benevolence. 


Pown'iboro'       St.  Mattheiv  xxii.  7.     Consequences  of  neglecting 
1^0.^51.^    the  offers  of  salvation.  [Refers  to  a  former  discourse 
on  the  same  subject.] 

No.  52.  Two  lectures  on  the  right  training  of  children. 

No.  54.  Want  of  interest  in  religion. 

No.  55.  Persecutions  that  holy  men  have  suffered. 

No.  56.  The  case  of  Cornelius.     [Corrected  by  Rev.  J.  W. 

Weeks.] 

No.  57.  2    Samuel  i.  10.     David's   nobleness   of  conduct 

proposed  for  imitation. 

No.  53.  Shortness  and  uncertainty  of  life.     [Imperfect] 

No.  59.  Death  and  future  judgment.     [Imperfect.] 

No.  60.  Robbing  God  of  His  glory.     [Imperfect.] 

No.  Gi,  Dangers  ari.sing  from  national  victories.    [Imper- 

fect.] 


APPENDIX.  301 

1  King's  xvii.  13  and  14.     God  will  reward  us  for    No.  62. 
acts  of  charity  and  mercy.     Three  other  points  en- 
larged upon  in  former  sermons  from  tliis  text. 

Genesis  vi.  part  of  3d  vs.     Danger  of  being  con-    No  63. 
nected  with  persons  of  vicious  characters.    [Imper- 
fect.] 

Attributes  of  God.     [Imperfect]  Xc  64. 

2  Kings  X.  part  of  16th  vs.      True  and  false  zeal.    No.  65. 
[Imperfect.]. 

Romans  viii.  part   of  28th  vs.      1st.    Concerning    No.  66. 
those  who  love  God.     2d.  The  reasons  for  believing 
that  all  things  should  work  together  for  your  good. 

Exodus  XX.  16.    On  the  ninth  commandment.  No.  67. 

Philippians  n.  5th  to  10th  vs.     E.xposition.    [Im-     -^o.  68, 
perfect.] 

Genesis.  Sketches  of  some  of  the  prominent  ^'o.  69, 
persons  in  this  book.  Chapter  i.  Life  and  character 
of  Eve.  Chapter  ii.  Life  of  Adah.  Chapter  iii. 
Life  of  Zillah.  Chapter  iv.  Life  of  Naamah.  Char- 
acter of  antediluvians.  Chapter  v.  Life  of  Sarah. 
[Written  in  a  flowing  style,  though  disfigured  by 
some  ideas  and  expressions  not  in  good  taste.]  • 

A  prayer  offered  at  the  execution  of  criminals.  ^'o-  "O. 

1    St.  Peter   iii.    12.      1st.    God's    favour   to    the     No.  71. 
righteous.     2d.  His  displeasure  against  the  wicked. 

Deuteronomy,  iv.  39.      Duty  of    Knowledge   and     No,  72. 
consideration. 


302  APPENDIX. 

No.  73.  1^'  III' nnwuin  iv.  :>!>.      Same  subject  CDiitiiiued. 

No.  74.  >'/.  Luhr  xiii.  1.      .Airuiiist  rasli  judgments. 

Prob«hiyii  I.  Ilelh'it  a  little  \\\)un  the  ealamitiea  of  war  in 
inK" Sermon,  gf*"*^""''' ;  '-'•  ^•'^''  '^  ^\\oT\  liistory  of  the  Spanish 
No.  75.  pr()c('r(lini,'s  in  Atiieriea,  with  a  particular  view  to 
tln!  Island  of  Cuba  ;  3.  To  take  notice  of  the  remark- 
able successes  of  the  Ktigli.^h  in  .some  of  the  preced- 
ing, as  well  as  in  this  late  expedition.  In  1758, 
liouisburg  taken;  in  J7/39,  capture  of  Ciuebec ;  in 
17()0,  eonfjucst  of  all  Canada;  Havana*  taken,  Au- 
gust, 17(J2.     "  Let  us  then  this  day  rejoice."     [Imp.] 


1776.  Three  sermons  "on   Relative  Duties,"  viz.:  Nos. 

7(),  77,  71>.     [See  below.] 

No.  76.  Respect  to  superiors.     [Imperfect.     No.  l.j 

No.  77.  1  St.  Peter  iii.  8.      Duty  of  superiors  to  inferiors 

[No.  2.] 

Mar  5th.  Romans  xii.  10.      Duty  of  equals  towards  each 

^''•''^-      other.     [No.  3.] 

Mav.oth.  1  Timothi/  \\.2.      "  That  we  may  lead  quiet  and 


No.  7y 


peaceable  lives  in  all  godliness  and  honesty." 


Julv  iith.  St.  Mark  x.  17.  'J'hc  young  man's  enquiry.   [Imp.] 

N'o.  »0. 

No.  81.  The  sin  of  .Tcrcboam.    Caution  against  sacrificing 

conscience  to  interest. 


1778.  St.  Jamrs  i.  27.     1st.  Show  who  are  meant  by  the 

Bostor,        terms  fatherless  and  widows.      2d.    The  treatment 
Julr. 
No.  82.      due  to  persons  of  this  description.    [Endorsed  ser- 
mon 7.] 


APPENDIX.  303 

Zechariah'w.  12.     [Endorsed  "Sermon  eiglit,]  A  rown'lboro' 
Farewell  Discourse  delivered  at  Pownalborough,  July,  "'"i'i;.  m, 
1778."     1.  Give  some  explanation  of  the  text.     2. 
Make  some  reflections  suitable  to  the  present  occa- 
sion. 


Psalms  Ixv.  11.     Reasons  for  gratitude  during  the  ,, 
year  past.  u«' 


1780. 


Duty  of  promoting  peace.  1781. 

Cnrnwallis. 
No.  M. 

St.  Mark.'x.  15.     1.  The  nature  and  extent  of  re-  Cornwaiiin, 
pcntanec.     2.  The  necessity  of  it.  '^'"o.^'bl}''''' 

Acts  xvi.  29,  30.      Narrative  of  the  imprisonment  Cornwaiiii.. 
of  two  Apostles.     Application  of  the  jailor's  ques-     xo.  87.^ ^'** 
tions  to  the  present  hearers. 

St.  John  iii.  3.      Errors  with  respect  to  conversion.  Comwaiii*, 
rx'^      1  1  1  Sept.  17th. 

[^o.  14.]  ^„..^. 

Hebrews  \\\.  1\.     Advantages  of  peace.     [Xo.  3.1   ("rnwaiiid, 

°  '  ^  ^    Dec.  5th. 

No.  8y. 

Psalms  cxv.  16.     The  goodness  of   (lod  calls  for  romwaiiis, 

gratitude.     [No.  4.     An  original  collect  prefixed  to  ^ ^o^Vo^• 

this  sermon.] 

1   St.  Peter  iv.  18.  Description  of   the  righteous      17^3. 
and  the  sinner.  wiwih.' 

No.  91. ' 

1   St.  Peter  iv.  18.      DifFiculty  of  salvation   and  Ann«poiij, 
certainty  of  future  punishment.  .So. '.»•.». 

St.   Ltike  xviii.  18  to  22.      1.   An  account  of  this  Aniinpoii<, 

young  man.     2.   INature  and  extent  of  tlie  command     No.  ".a. 

given  to  him.     3.  Practical  reflections.     [No.  3.)  

17S1. 
Genesis  ix.  9.     The  temptation  of  Joseph.     Prac-  .\nnap«iu, 

tical  remarks.  ifo'.'w. 


304  APPENDIX 


Anntpoii*.         (Itiiesis  ix.  9.      Tlic  exiiiuplc   of  Joseph  rccom- 
lSo*'jo*  '   mended,  especially  to  the  young. 


1780.  Gtnrsis  xxxvii.  IH,      The  nature,  ellects   and  un- 

Annap"!'".  reasonabU'iicss  of  envy.     "  Scripture  History." 

Annapoiiv  S/.   Mtitthrw  \\.  1:2.     A  incre  outward  profesion 

*^A.). li;.'  "^^'i'l  "**^  secure  our  future  iiappiness. 

Annnpoiis,  Against  the  love  of  money.     [Imperfect] 

I'cbruary. 
No.  98. 

Annapolis,  Romans  vi.  1().     "Servitude  of  sin;    its  danger." 

Vo.*99.  Second  i)art, 

1787.  Judg-es  ix.  11,  15.     Endeavor  to  draw  some  moral 

Annapolis,  jj,^j  religious  observations  from  these  words.  [No.  1.1 

ieh.  ( th.  "                                                                                                i                •• 
No.  100. 

Annapolis,  Judges  ix.  11,  lo.  The  vanity  and  pride. of  human 

No.  loi".  nature.     [No.  2.  Part  2.] 

Annapolis,  Arts  xviii.  ])art  of  17th  vs.      True  Christian  zeal. 

Feb.  I7th.  rxT       on 

No.  102.  [No.  6.] 

Annapolis,  ^Ir/.v  xviii.  part  of  17th  vs.  Counterfeit  zeal.  [No. '1.1 

Feb.  19th.  '                                                                            ^               ^ 
No.  103. 

Annapolis,  ylr7.s  xviii.  i:)art  of  17th  vs.    IndiiTerence  to  religion. 

Feb.  22.1.  '                                                                                      ° 

No.  10-1.  [No.  5.] 

Annapolis,  Psahfis  xlix.  1'].     The  folly  of  men.     [No.  G.] 

Feb.  21  "it. 
No.  105. 

Annapolis,  Dciit.   XXX.    15.      Abusc   of  the    grace  of    God. 

Feb.  22<1.  ,  ^.        r,^ 

No.  IOC.  ['>t>-   '•] 

Annapolis,  St.    Liihc  xii.   1.      Display  some    appearances  of 

No.  107.  this    Pharisaical  hypocrisy   and  show  its  baseness. 
[No.s.] 

Annapolis, 

^NoMos.  '"^'Z-  ^'"^'C  ^''-  1-  Same  subject  continued.    [No.  9.] 


APPENDIX.  305 

St.  Luke  xii,  1.     Same  subject  continued.      [No.  ^""■K>1'*« 

10.1  Vo.  iW 


St.  Mark  x.  17,  18.      "One  may  be  apparently  Annapoiu, 
strict  and  punctual  in  the  performance  of  moral  du-     No.  no, 
ties,  without  being  entitled  to  everlasting  happiiic'^s. 
[No.  11.] 

St.  Blark  x.  17,  18.  "  It  concerns  us  to  examine:  Annapoiit, 
1.  The  disposition  of  our  minds  ;  and  2.  The  extent  *  No.  ill. 
of  our  obedience."     Practical  application.     [Xo.  12.] 

Job    I.  18,  19,  20.     1.  To  make   some  reHections  Annapolis. 

.1  1  1  1       i       <■    T    1        ^      ^-vi  I         April  10th. 

upon  the  story  and  conduct  ot  Job;  2.  Observe  that     No.  lij. 
calamity  is  the  portion  of  human  nature;  3.  Enquire 
what  improvement  we  ought  to  make  of  aillictions. 
[No.  13.] 

Ecclesiastes   ix.  12.      A  funeral  sermon.      Brief.  Annapolis, 

[JNO.  14.j  iSo.  113. 

Proverbs  x.  19.     1.  Consider  some  of  those  sinful  Annapolis, 
excesses  which  are   occasioned  by  a  multitude  of    No.  114. 
words;  2.  Exhibit  the  wise  regulation  of  our  dis- 
course recommended  in  the  text.     [No.  15.] 

St.  Luke  xiii.  5.  1.  Against  rash  judgnient;  2.  April  iTth! 
Exhortation  to  repentance.     [No.  16.]  °'    ''' 

St.  Luke  xiii.  5.  1.  Many  instances  of  .-iudden  Ap"ii^i?ith! 
bereavement;  2.  Caution  against  delay  of  repent-  ^°'  ^^^' 
ance.     [No.  17.] 

Proverbs  x.l^.     Against  talebearing.     [No.  18.]    am 27th.' 

No.  117. 

St.  Malthcv^  V.  8.  1.  Enumeration  of  spiritual  AnnawUs, 
evils;  2.  Application.  ["  No.  2  on  the  text  St.  Mat- '  No.'Vls. 
thew,  V.  8."J 

39 


306 


APPENDIX. 


Annapolis, 
Dec.  iJd. 
No.  119. 


1788. 

Annapolis, 
Jan.  l.lth. 
No.  IJi). 

Annapolis, 

Jan.  i)th. 

No.  121. 


»^'/.  Lithe  ii.  20.  1.  (Occurrences  before  the  birth 
of  Christ.  2.  Angels  ai)i)e:ir  to  the  shepherds,  and 
message.     3.  Suitable  reflections.     [Sermon  8.] 

St.  Matlhrir  iv.  10.     Duty  to  God. 

Si.  Luke  ii.  84.  Presentation  of  Christ  in  the 
Temple.  While  the  coming  of  Christ  shall  prove 
the  salvation  of  some,  it  shall  increase  the  condem- 
nation of  thos(!  who  neglect  his  precepts.  Ijct  us 
then  repent.     [Sermon  9.] 


Annapolis, 

Jan.  3()th. 

No.  Vl-1. 


Annapolis, 
Feb.  1st. 
No.  123. 


St.  MattJtnv  ii.  1.  Brief  account  of  the  Magi. 
Herod's  jealousy  at  the  birth  of  another  prince.  The 
Magi  not  disgusted  by  the  poverty  in  which  Mary 
and  the  infant  Saviour  were  found  to  be.  Their  con- 
duct contrasted  with  that  of  men  in  these  days. 
Let  the  trouble  the  Magi  took  to  come  to  Christ  ex- 
cite us  to  seek  him.     [Sermon  10.] 

St.  Matthew  ii.  16.  Character  of  Herod.  Ac- 
count of  the  massacre  by  his  order.  [A  spirited 
sketch.]  This  story  displays  the  terrible  efl'ects  of 
ambition.  This  passion  whether  it  appears  in  a 
single  person,  or  a  Congress  of  rising  heroes,  is  like 
the  inundation  of  a  mighty  river.  Humanity  and 
benevolence  recommended.     [Sermon  11.] 


Annapolis, 
¥eh.  0th. 
No.  121. 


St.  Litkc  ii.  40.  Character  of  Herod  and  account 
of  his  death.  Explanation  of  the  text.  The  ex- 
ample of  Herod  teaches  us  the  danger  of  delaying 
repentance.  Lastly:  Let  every  person  be  excited 
to  increase  in  wisdom  and  understanding.  [Ser- 
mon 12.] 


.\nnapoii!»,         Sf.  Luhx  ii.  part  of  olst  vs.     The  first  part  of  this 

No.  i-'i.     d'  ( ourse  refers  to  the  45,  46,  47,  48  and  49  verses  of 

this  chapter.     1.  From  the  example  of  our  blessed 


APPENDIX.  307 

Lord,  we  may  learn  the  necessity  of  Confirmation, 
Avhen  it  may  possibly  be  obtained.  Explanation  of 
Confirmation.  Children  urged  to  ac(juaint  tiiein- 
selves  with  the  nature  of  their  Baptismal  vows. 
The  Saviour's  example  of  obedience  commended  to 
children.     [Sermon  13.] 

Daniel  v.  27.     An  account  of  the  revels  of  Bel-  Annapolis, 
shazzar,  the   hand-writing;    consequent  terror,  and    "^^o. "126. 
Daniel's  interpretation  of  the  mysterious  characters. 
(Written  with  considerable  power.)     1.  God  knows, 
considers,  and  examines  all  our   actions  with   the 
greatest  exactness.     [Sermon  2.] 

Daniel  v.  27.  When  we  purpose  to  enter  upon  Annapolis. 
any  enterprise  let  us  ask  ourselves,  if  our  conduct  ^°"  ^^'' 
in  it  will  stand  the  test?  "Endeavor  to  shew  when 
people  may  be  reckoned  (to  be)  in  a  dangerous  situ- 
ation." Several  particulars  named.  "  Let  us  then  en- 
gage in  works  of  repentance,  piety,  devotion,  charity 
and  temperance.  But  our  most  perfect  performances 
will  not  avail  without  the  atonement  of  the  Son  of 
God."     [Sermon  3.] 

St.  John  iii.  1,  and  part  of  2d  vs.     Short  account  Annapolis 
of   Nicodeinus.     Does  the   conduct  of    Nicodcmus     xo?  123. 
merit  applause  or  the  contrary  ?     Answered  in  the 
negative  in  the  remainder  of  this  discourse.     [Ser- 
mon 4.] 

St.  Luke  iii.    part  of  12th    verse.     Character   of  Annapniii, 
John  Baptist's  preaching.     "  The  subject  before  us  ^^^o"'!';^ 
and  the  season  of  the  year  invite  us  to  roj)entance." 
Reasons  for  repentance.     [Sermon  14.] 

Romans  iv.  part  of  2oth  verse.  The  circumstances  Annapolis, 
of  the  death  of  Christ.  The  sins  of  the  world  were  ^%j]{$: 
the  cause  of  the  sufferings  and  death  of  our  Saviour. 


308  APPENDIX. 

1.  The  tli()ni,'lit  of  this  should  humble  us;  2.  It 
sluMiIci  fill  us  with  hatred  of  siij ;  3.  we  should  avoid 
sin.     [Seriiioii  5.] 

Annapolis  y^f    j   f^.,.  ^j   .j     I),.fi„it ion  of  temptation.  1.  Trials 

.March  Hth.  ■ 

No,  131.  iiiul  alllietions  which  prove  our  faith.  2.  The  en- 
deavors of  Satan  to  draw  us  into  sin.  3.  Onr  own 
depraved  aj^petites  may  draw  us  into  sin.  Therefore 
we  should  pray  to  God  f()r  His  aid  and  protection. 
Caution ;  God  never  leads  any  one  into  temptation. 
We  should  carefully  shun  all  temptations.  [Ser- 
mon G.] 

Annapolis,         ,v/,  Lukr  xi.  1.     1.   llutnan  nature  is  weak  in   re- 
March  ISth. 
No.  132.     sisting  temptation.     Yet  many  persons  voluntarily 

expose  themselves  to  it.     Can  these,  with  propriety, 

otler  the  prayer  in  the  text?     God   promises  his  aid 

to  those  who  shun  temptations.     [Sermon  7.] 

Annapolis  Romans  iv.  part  of  25th  vs.     1.  The  Resurrection. 

March  2()th.  '  . 

No.  133.  2.  The  design  and  importance  of  this  event.  3.  The 
improvement  to  be  made  of  it.     [Sermon  8.] 

Annapolis,         St.  Matthew  iii.  15.      Account   of  the  preceding 

March  26th.       .  ^  1       /-.i     •    x'  i  ii  • 

No.  134.  Circumstances  :  1.  Christ  s  example  on  this  occasion 
should  convince  us  that,  it  is  our  duty  to  obey  all 
commands  of  God  ;  2.  Observe  the  humility  of  John 
Bajitist;  3.  Notice  the  regular  proceedings  of  Divine 
Providence,  even  in  the  most  weighty  concerns.  Ap- 
jilication.     [Imperfect.     Sermon  15.] 

Annapolis.         .s'/.  MallJinr  i.  1  to  lltli  verse.      Exi-danation  of 

March  -n>th.      ,  .  <.   ^,     .  .   ,  ■  „         • 

No.  13.3.  tlie  temptation  of  Christ,  with  practical  reliections 
[Sermon  K).]  • 

Annapolis,         A)iios  vi.  1.     Multitudes  rciient  of  their  sins  withH 

April  .5th.  . 

No.  13C.  out  any  real  reformation.  Ihe  human  heart  has 
many  ways  to  deceive  itself.  Specification  of  some 
of  these  ways.     [Sermon  9.J 


APPENDIX.  309 

Amos  vi.  1.     Many  Christians  content  themselves  Annapoiii, 
with  a  cold  and  partial  performance  of  their  duty.  "^^-I,' "i^* 
[Sermon  10.] 

St.  John  i.  47,  48.     Four  of  the  disciples  of  John  Annapoii*, 
Baptist   described.      Among    them    was    Nathaniel.  '  x'o.  138. 
Explain  the  meaning  of  the  words  "in  whom  is  no 
guile,"  and  then  enquire  if  the  description  w  ill  agree 
with  our  own  characters?     [Sermon  17. j 

St.  John  u.  11.     Account  of  the  miracle  :   1.   Make  .„„.„.. 

Annapnim, 

some  observations  on  this  occurrence :  2.  Attempt  -^CP'  '?!)?• 

'  '  >o.  139. 

some  practical  improvement.     [Sermon  18.] 

St.  John  ii.  24.  The  care  of  the  Jews  in  observing  Ann«poii«, 
externals  of  religion  shames  the  conduct  of  many '^^J '^/^o' 
Christians.  Christ's  driving  the  trallickers  from  the 
Temple  shows  that  religious  buildings  have  a  rela- 
tive sanctity.  Christ  would  "  not  commit  himself 
to  certain  who  professed  to  be  his  disciples,  and  why  ? 
From  this,  and  other  passages,  we  are  persuaded  of 
Christ's  divinity.  Christ  is  therefore  omniscient. 
Have  we  always  acted  under  a  persuasion  of  this 
truth?     [Sermon  19.] 

St.  John  iii.  5.  Brief  account  of  the  interview  Ann:ipnii«, 
between  Christ  and  Nicodemus.  Surj)rise  of  Nic-  '  "no.  ui.* 
odemus.  Explanation  by  Christ.  "Our  blessed 
Lord  has  united  Baptism  with  Ki'generation,  and 
has  declared  the  necessity  of  both  in  the  strongest 
terms."  "The  outward  sign  must  not  be  omitted 
if  we  expect  the  inward  spiritual  grace."  "  We  learn 
from  this  discourse  of  our  Lord  with  Nicodemus, 
the  necessity  of  an  heavenly  disposition,  and  that 
our  souls  must  be  renewed  and  sanctified,  tV:c.  &:c." 
[Sermon  20.] 

St.  Matthciv  V.  43.     Our  Saviour  encouraged  that  Ann»p!)iu, 


310  APPENDIX. 

May  2J.  afl'oc'tioii  aiicl  benevolence  which  is  the  most  amiable 
"■  *■  virtue,  the  brightest  ornament  of  human  nature. 
Our  l)enevolent  feelings  to  have  no  limits.  I  in- 
tend this  discourse  chielly  as  an  introduction  to 
this  great  and  important  branch  of  Christianity. 
Paraphrase  of  the  story  of  the  good  Samaritan. 
Scllishness  the  character  of  the  present  age.  Our 
forbearance  in  religion  proceeds  from  indiilerencc  to 
it  rather  than  from  true  charity.     [Sermon  11.] 

Annapolis,         Provvrbs   \.    10.      1.   Many   persons   endeavor  to 
No.  143!     seduce  others  into  sin,   and   successfully.     2.  These 
seducers  are  atrocious  sinners.     13.    "Enlarge  upon 
Solomon's  caution."       [Sermon  12.| 


June  14th.  Sccond  scrmon  in  wiiich  the  same  subject  is  con- 
tinued.    [Sermon  13.] 

June  20th.  Third  sermon  in  which  the  same  subject  is  con- 
tinued.    [Sermon  14.] 

June  17th.  St.  Mark  \.  10).  1.  Explain  the  nature  and  urge 
the  necessity  and  advantage  of  confirmation.  2. 
Address  myself  to  the  younger  part  of  this  congre- 
gation. 

July  12th.  St.  Luke  X.  41,  42.     Religion  is  a  matter  of  the 

utmost  concern  and  importance.     [Sermon  IG.] 

July  18th.         1  Corinthians  x.  3,  4.     Comparison  between  man- 


No.  148 


na  and  the  Gospel.     [Sermon  17.] 

Proverbs  i.  24,  25,  26.  1.  God  in  tender  compas- 
sion for  mankind  continues  to  repeat  His  gracious 
invitations.  2.  Notwithstanding  this,  we  are  dis- 
posed to  reject  His  condescending  oilers.  [Sermon  18.] 


ATPENniX.  311 


NOTICES  OF  LOYALISTS. 

V 

The  papers  of  the  Rev.  Jacob  Bailcv,  which  have  been  pre- 
served, are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  character. 

Some  of  them  furnish  information  not  before  known  respect- 
ing persons  of  some  note  in  their  clay.  The  notices  which 
follow,  refer,  exclusively,  to  those  wiio,  at  the  time  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution,  favored  more  or  less  the  Royal  cause. 

Great  credit  is  due  to  Lorenzo  Sabine,  Escj.,  for  his  very 
full  and  accurate  work,  containing  biographical  sketches  of 
American  Loyalists.  With  all  the  labor  which  must  have 
been  bestowed  on  that  book,  it  is  still  somewhat  imperfect, 
either  in  the  brevity  of  the  notices  of  some  of  the  persons 
spoken  of,  or  in  the  entire  omission  of  the  names  of  some  who 
adhered  to  the  British  Crown.  The  contents  of  this  Appen- 
dix supply  in  a  measure  this  deficiency.  The  present  writer 
supposed  that  there  migiit  be  a  general  desire  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  to  learn  all  that  could  be  gathercci  of  the 
history  of  those  of  its  ministers,  who  retained  their  allegiance 
in  the  trying  times  of  the  American  Revolution.  While  he 
has,  therefore,  made  full  extracts  from  the  MS.  materials  in 
his  possession  to  gratify  this  desire,  he  has  also  availed  him- 
self to  some  extent  of  other  sources  of  information. 

Some  of  the  persons  noticed  in  the  following  sketches  were 
in  humble  life,  and  perhaps,  on  account  of  their  nev<'r  having 
possessed  any  extensive  influence,  it  may  be  supposed  that 
any  memorials  of  them  are  hardly  worth  preserving.  Still 
these  slight  sketches  will  probably  have  a  local  interest.  More 
than  this,  they  serve  also  in  some  degree  as  contributions  to 
the  general  history  of  the  State  in  which  the  subjects  of  them 
lived.  The  writer  of  the  present  Memoir  could  not  resist  the 
desire  which  he  felt  to  select  from  the  time-worn  MSS.  which 


312  APPENDIX. 

were  intrusted  to  him,  such  facts  as  appeared  worthy  of  being 
inserted  in  an  Appendix.  From  the  increasing  interest  now 
felt  not  only  in  Aiiticiuarian  but  Genealogical  researches,  the 
compiler  feels  assured  of  the  readiness  witii  which  many  will 
read  every  one  of  the  following  articles.  They  who  are  not 
interested  in  some  of  these  l^rief  sketches  can  of  course  pass 
them  over,  with  the  consolation  that  the  insertion  of  them  adds 
nothing  to  the  price  of  the  book  in  which  they  are  contained. 

Rev.  Edward  Bass,  D.  D.,  and  first  Bishop  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  Massachusetts. 

Mr.  Bass's  ancestors  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Massachusetts  Colony,  and 
settled  in  Roxbury  about  1639.  In  about  ten  years  they  removed  thence  to  Braintree 
(now  Quincy.) 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  born  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  Nov.  23d,  1726.  He 
entered  Harvard  College  when  he  was  thirteen  years  old,  and  graduated  in  17-14.  For 
some  years  after  he  was  engaged  in  the  instruction  of  youth,  and  in  theological  studies. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  among  the  Congregationalists,  if  indeed  he  was  not  or- 
dained a  minister  by  them.*  On  the  2-Jth  of  May,  1752,  he  was  admitted  to  Deacon's 
Orders  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  having  shortly  afterwards  been  ordained  Priest, 
he  returned  to  his  native  country,  and  on  the  death  of  the  llev.  Matthias  Plant,  Minis- 
ter of  Queen  Anne's  Church  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  took  charge  of  that  Parish. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  American  Revolution,  Mr.  Bass,  in  common  with  the 
other  Ministers  of  the  English  Church,  was  placed  in  a  situation  of  extreme  embar- 
rassment. 

It  would  seem,  that  to  a  certain  extent,  he  complied  with  the  wishes  of  the  officers 
of  his  Church,  and  omitted  the  prayers  for  the  Royal  Family.  The  following  papers 
will  show  the  light  in  which  he  was  regarded  by  the  Society  in  England,  whose  Mis- 
sionary he  was.  In  writing  to  the  Secretary  of  that  Society,  under  date  of  Nov.  yth, 
1781,  llev.  J.  Bailey  says  :  "  At  the  earnest  request  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bass,  the  late 
Missionary  at  Newburyport,  I  venture  to  lay  before  you  the  following  representation 
of  his  circumstances  and  conduct,  and,  if  it  will  not  give  offence  to  the  Society,  I  beg 
you  will  communicate  it.  Two  gentlemen,  upon  whose  veracity  and  honor  I  can  entirely 
depend,  have  lately  been  with  me,  and  affirm  that  Mr.  Bass  is  a  most  sincere  friend  to 
Government ;  that  though  he  was  obliged  to  omit  the  usual  prayers  for  the  King,  yet 
he  never  could  be  induced  to  pray  for  the  revoltcrs,  either  in  the  civil  or  military  de- 
partment ;  that  he  has  always  refused  to  read  the  resolves,  declarations,  or  any  other 
papers  appointed  by  rebel  authority  ;  that  he  has  been  of  great  service  in  moderating 
the  violent,  in  confirming  the  doubtful,  and  in  making  converts  of  such  as  would 
attend  to  his  arguments,  and  that  it  is  his  most  sincere  design  to  promote  the  interests 
of  the  Church,  and  the  supremacy  of  Britain  over  her  Colonies.  I  can  attest  the 
greater  part  of  the  above  account,  and  I  always  considered  him  as  an  honest,  worthy 
man,  and  I  am  authorized  to  observe  that  he  is  ihe  more  deeply  affected  in  having  for- 
feited the  favor  of  that  venerable  body  which  he  served  so  long,  than  at  the  loss  of 
his  salary,  though  he  is  wholly  subsisted  by  charity."    In  reply  to   this  statement, 

•  "  The  bearer.  Sir.  Hass,  has  preaclied  for  some  time  among  the  dissenters,  to  good  acceptance.  F. 
Ml  LLKU. '"— //airX  in  I '  Missions  of  Church  of  £nglaiid,  p.  219. 


\/. 


\ 


APPENDIX.  313 

the  Secretary  of  the  Venerable  Society  says,  January  29th,  1782:  "  That  part  of  vour 
letter  which  concerns  Mr.  Bass,  has  a  little  surprised  me,  since  amonR  otlicr  witnwoc* 
of  his  disloyal  principles  and  conduct,  you  seem  to  have  been  among  the  number.  For 
when  Mr,  (Rev.  J.  W.  W.)  Weeks  was  in  Kngland,  he  assured  me  in  these  words: 
'That  Mr.  Bass  went  so  far  as  to  preach  a  sermon,  exhorting  his  hearers  to  give  their 
money  liberally  for  clothing  the  rebel  soldiers.  Mr.  Bailey,  my  brother,  was  present 
on  the  occasion,  and  heard  the  sermon.'  J  should  be  glad  if  you  would  explain  thii 
and,  if  you  can,  reconcile  it  with  your  last  letter.  Tiie  clergy  of  Boston,  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  troubles,  disapproved  of  Mr.  Bass's  conduct,  and  wrote  over  that  he 
complied  too  far  with  the  prevailing  powers.  He  is  said  to  have  kept  all  the  Fasts, 
&c.,  ai)pointed  by  Congress,  and  to  have  read  the  Declaration  of  Independencv  in 
his  Church.  All  this  Mr.  Bass  must  clear  himself  of,  and  very  fully  too,  before  he 
can  be  restored  to  the  Society's  favor.  P.  S.  It  Mr.  Ba.ss  had  been  trulv  loval,  I 
can't  see  how  it  was  possible  for  him  to  stay  at  TS'ewburyport,  a  place  so  much  in  favor 
of  the  other  part." 

In  answering  this  letter.  May  4th,  of  the  same  year,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  savs  :  "  With 
respect  to  Mr.  Bass,  and  the  information  I  gave  to  Mr.  Weeks,  the  case  is,  in  brief, 
as  follows:  being  compelled  to  leave  my  family  to  avoid  confinement  on  board  a 
guard  ship,  I  wandered  through  the  country,  and  about  the  middle  of  November  came 
to  Newburyport,  and  was  at  Church  on  a  day  of  public  thanksgiving  appointed  by  the 
Congress.  Mr.  Bass  desired  me  to  preach,  but  I  refused,  assuring  him  that  I  wou'd 
never  deliver  a  charity  sermon  to  collect  money  for  clothing  the  rebel  soldiers.  This 
I  repeated  soon  after  to  Mr.  Weeks,  but,  as  nearlv  as  I  can  remember,  Mr.  Bass  gave 
us  a  general  discourse,  without  descending  to  particulars,  or  even  mentioning  the 
occasion  of  the  solemnity.  After  sermon,  the  collection  was  rpade.  Manv  refused  to 
contribute,  and  a  lady  of  some  distinction  declared  with  a  spirited  voice,  '  I  will  never 
give  a  single  penny  towards  the  support  of  rebels.'  This  bold  declaration  was  jicr- 
haps  the  occasion  of  my  retaining  the  above  in  my  memory.  I  am  very  confident, 
both  from  the  repeated  assertions  of  Mr.  Bass  himself,  and  other  circumstance*,  that 
he  refused  to  read  the  Declaration  of  Independency,  and  he  became,  on  that  account, 
extremely  obnoxious  to  the  violent  party.  I  am  certain  that  he  was  publicly  reported 
for  a  Tory,  and  I  was,  one  evening  just  upon  my  arrival  at  his  house,  witness  to  a 
scene  equally  ludicrous  and  indecent,  for  as  he  was  returning  from  an  entertainment 
with  his  wife,  he  was  pursued  along  the  street  by  near  two  hundred  persons,  who  pelted 
him  with  dirt  and  stones,  and  treated  him  with  the  most  indelicate  language.  •  • 
On  the  whole,  I  am  persuaded  that  Mr.  Bass  was  conducted  into  his  deviations,  not 
from  even  the  least  inclination  to  the  cause  of  the  revolters,  but  from  a  mistaken  zeal 
for  the  Church,  which,  he  imagined,  in  some  measure,  would  justify  his  compliance." 
Rev.  S.  Parker,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Dec.  22, 
1782.  "  Mr."  (Rev.  J.  W.)  "  Weeks  was  dismissed  from  the  Society's  service  with 
much  greater  reason,  I  think,  than  poor  brother  Bass,  whose  loyalty  during  the  whole 
contest  has  stood  unimpeached." 

The  following  is  frcm  a  letter  from  Rev.  Kdward  Bass,  Newburyport,  Dec.  2!»th, 
1783  :  "That  I  sho^ve  I  a  readiness  to  keep  all  the  Congress  Fasts,  as  Dr.  Morice  h^th 
been  informed,  is  not  true.  I  complied  wiih  mucli  reluctance.  It  is  indeed  true  that 
I  did  generally  open  my  Church  on  those  days,  but  not  in  consequence  of  orders  or 
commands  from  any  Rebel  authority  whatever,  none  of  whose  papers  I  ever  once 
read  in  Church,  but  of  the  earnest  request  of  my  parishioners,  who  represented  it  to 
me  as  the  only  probable  way  of  saving  the  Church  Ironi  destruction,  while  people  in 
general  were  in  such  a  frenzy.  Besides  a  number  of  private  letters  written  by  my 
friends  in  my  favor,  my  wardens  did  last  year  sign  a  testimonial  of  my  loyalty:  the 
Hon'ble  Mark  II.  Wentworth  and  George  Jallrey  presented  me  with  another,  which 
I  begged  the  favor  of  (Governor  Wentworth  to  present  to  the  Society." 

40 


31-t  Al'i'KNDIX 


III  a  postscript  to  a  letter  fruin  Ilev.  Kdward  U.ikk,  in  the  Sptini;  of  17Hi,  heuTs  :  "  Br 
the  ({""•1  ""ices  c)f  your  Brother  Wi-i-ki,  this  Church  in,  Ithink.  like  to  fall  very  soon." 

llev.  J.  Uiiiley  wrote  to  the  sulijcct  of  this  sketcli,  Miiri'h  7th,  I'ST:  **  I  recei»e»l 
K  letter  from  you  last  .November,  with  your  remarks  upon  the  Society.*  Our  Rrothi  : 
Cluk,  formerly  of  Detlham,  wa.s  present,  from  whom  1  chiefly  collected  the  followiii- 
account  of  your  afr4ir«.  After  Mr.  Weeks  had  procured,  by  his  representations,  a 
•us|>enHion  of  your  pay,  my  letters  and  other  testimonials  arrived  in  your  favour, 
which  induced  the  Board  to  revise  your  cjise,  and  to  make  some  fiirtlier  enquiries.  In 
consequence  of  which,  one  iSalier  was  produced,  who  declitr<  d  upon  oath  that  he  had 
been  «  parishioner  of  yours  ;  that  you  omitted  all  the  i)riiyers  for  His  Majesty,  etc., 
observed  nil  the  rebellious  fusts  and  thunks^ivinss,  and  read  the  Decl.iration  for  Inde- 
pendence, without  the  advice,  and  contrary  to  the  desire  of  your  I'arish,  and  that  you 
tiot  only  encournned  privateerin«,  hut  was  actually  en^ancd  in  the  plunder  of  British 
property.  (Quere,  who  was  this  Salter?  Was  it  not  Mnlachi,  who  visited  New  Kn(<- 
land  in  the  autumn  of  1777,  and  who  afterwards  made  a  voyage  to  London  ?)  This 
evidence,  however,  preally  increased,  or  rather  confirmed  every  prejudice  aj^ainst  you. 
After  this,  your  friends  exhibited  several  circumstances  in  your  favour,  and  had  so  far 
elucidated  your  character,  that  a  rest4)ration  was  almost  agreed  to.  Upon  which  Mr. 
Clark  was  examined  for  a  deciding  voice,  the  Arch-Bishop  assuring  him  that  should 
his  testimony  prove  favoura'-de,  the  Society  would  confirm  your  salary.  But  this  gen- 
tleman, it  appears,  declared  upon  his  honour,  that  he  regarded  you  as  a  friend  to  the 
rebellion,  upon  which  they  immediately  pas.scd  a  vote  of  reprobation.  1  have  had 
several  warm  altercations  with  Mr.  Clark  on  this  subject,  and  have  demanded  the 
foundation  of  his  opinion.  In  reply,  he  alleges,  that  upon  a  visit  with  Mrs.  Bass,  at 
Dednara,  he  conceived  that  both  you  and  your  lady  were  greatly  attached  to  the  rebel- 
lion ;  but,  I  conjecture,  that  he  was  chiefly  influeaced  in  his  sentiments  by  what  Mr. 
Weeks  and  others  had  asserted." 

Several  letters  from  Mr.  Bass  of  a  later  date  arc  preserved.  They  relate  mainly  t" 
domestic  matters.  Some  of  them  inclosed  letters  to  his  brothers  Joseph  and  John 
Bass,  then  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mr.  Bailey. 

The  degree  of  I).  D.  was  conferred  on  Mr.  Bass  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
in  17S9.  Seven  years  after.  Dr.  Bass  was  chosen  Bishop  of  Massachusetts,  and  in 
17',)7  was  consecrated  in  Philadelphia,  by  B;shop  White;  Bishops  Provost  and  Claggetl 
assisting.  At  the  request  of  the  Churches  in  Rhode  Island  and  New  li.-impsbire.  In 
exerci.>>ed  his  Episcopate  in  those  States.  Until  his  death,  which  happened  in  ISd-., 
be  retained  the  charge  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  N'ewburyport,  which  he  bad  held  for 
the  long  space  of  lifty-one  years.  He  is  yet  remembered  in  .Newburyport,  as  a  person 
of  a  remarkably  cheerful  and  even  temperament,  a  lover  of  peace,  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  h.ive,  on  some  occasions,  sacrificed  his  own  undoubted  rights,  rather  than  to  con- 
tend with  avaricious  and  quarrelsome  neighbors.  Such  traits  are  r<  membcrcd  when 
even  the  learning  of  their  subject  is  forgotten.  I'rom  the  unusual  advantages  he  pos- 
sessed in  youth,  and  his  diligent  habits  at  that  time,  it  is  probable  ibat  bis  acquire- 
ments were  greater  than  common. 

.\  marble  monument,  with  a  Lntin  inscription,  written  by  his  assistant  and  suc- 
cessor in  the  Rectorship,  the  late  Rev.  James  Morss,  D.  I).,  is  erected  to  bis  memory 
in  the  Churchyard  of  St.  Paul's,  Newburyport. 

*ThKi  pmbablr  relato  to  a  pamphlet  piiblNhrd  by  Mr.  Bass,  of  which  the  followlni:  Is  the  title  : 
"  A  brief  Account  of  the  treatment  which  Mr.  Ua*»,  late  MiMlonar.v  from  the  ."<oclet.v  for  the  I'rop- 
aKKlion  oi  the  liospi-l  In  Kurrl>;n  I'urti,  at  Newlmry-rort,  New  KiiKlutuI,  hulh  received  from  sa(<l 
BiH.irtv.  I>rawn  up  by  lllmv  ll.  »ltli  Kcnmrk*  upon  parlli-iilar  I'arts  of  It,  aiitl  addrcsspil  ti>  the  Im- 
partial I'atdlc.  Ailinonlih  a  Krirml,  it  may  lio  he  hath  not  iloiir  It.  Ailinnnlsh  thy  Krlcnd.  It  mav  l>e 
he  hnih  not  said  It.  AdnionUh  a  Kriviid,  furmnny  Times  It  1»  a  Slander,  and  bcllere  not  every  Tale.— 
Ectlcs.  xlx.  13,  U,  14.    Ix>ndun  :    I'riiitrd  In  the  Year  MUt  CL.VX.VVI." 


APPENDIX.  315 


The  writer  of  the  above  heard  Rev.  Dr.  Morss  relate  the  following  anecdote  a  few 
years  since :  — 

About  the  time  that  the  monument  to  Bishop  Bass  was  erected,  the  Rector  of  the 
Parish  preached  a  sennon  on  the  death  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  which  sermon  con- 
tained a  warm  eulogy  on  the  deceased.  A  democratic  parishioner  shortly  after  met 
his  Rector,  and  observed  :  "  Mr.  Morss,  if  your  inscription  on  good  Bishop  Bass's 
monument  had  been  in  English,  and  your  eulogy  on  Alexander  Hamilton  had  been  in 
Latin,  I.  for  one,  should  have  been  much  better  pleased." 

The  present  wi-iter  would  beg  leave  to  say,  that  he  fully  agrees  with  the  parishioner 
in  that  part  of  his  observation  which  refers  to  Bishop  Bass.  As  the  memory  of  a 
devoted  minister  or  bishop  should  be  dear  to  the  humblest  of  those  under  his  ch.ij-ge, 
so,  it  would  seem  to  be  self-evident,  that  enduring  tributes  to  his  virtuf  s  should  be  in 
a  language  that  all  interested  can  read.  They  who  have  acquired  a  world-wide  repu- 
tation may  be  commemorated  in  a  language  common  to  the  learned  in  all  lands.  But 
he  whose  praise  it  was,  that  he  did  the  work  of  his  Divine  Master  in  a  faithful  spirit, 
can  look  for  no  extensive  renown.  While  no  reason  can  be  given  for  the  use  of  that 
which  is  "  an  unknown  tongue  "  to  the  great  mass  of  tliose  who  would  gladly  read 
his  epitaph,  the  employment  of  such  a  tongue  of  course  virtually  defeats,  in  no  small 
degree,  the  object  for  which  his  monument  was  erected. 

Rev.  Joshua  Wi.mjati:  Wkeks,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's 
Church,  Marblehcad,  Mass. 

JosiirA  ■WiXG.iTE  Weeks  was  the  oldest  child  of  Col.  John  and  Mrs.  Martha 
Weeks,  and  was  born  in  Hampton,  N.  H.,  1" — .  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  17'J8,  and  married  Miss  Sarah  Treadwell,  of  Ipswich,  Mass. 

In  Novrtnbcr.  1762,  the  Vestry  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblehcad,  "  Voted,  that 
the  Sum  of  £'iO  Sterling  be  Laid  on  the  pews  of  said  Church  to  Defray  the  Charge  of 
Mr.  Weeks  Going  home  to  London  to  Receive  Orders  for  said  Church." 

His  marriage,  as  he  states  in  a  letter,  dated  London,  March,  1763,  took  pUce  before 
he  left  America.  He  returned  to  Marblehead  in  July  of  that  year,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  but  did  not  reside  there  wholly  fill  after  the 
lapse  of  one  year.  No  hint  is  to  be  found  of  the  reason  of  his  leaving  the  f.iith  of 
his  family,  who  were  all  Congregationalists,  and  seeking  for  Orders  in  the  Church  of 
England. 

Several  letters,  which  passed  between  him  and  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  are  in  existence. 
From  these,  it  would  seem  that  the  first  eleven  years  of  his  Rectorship  at  Marblehead 
were  passed  in  quiet  enjoyment.  During  that  time  he  made  several  visits  to  Pownal- 
borough,  and  purchased  about  eighty  acres  of  land,  which,  to  the  present  day,  be.ir 
his  name.  A  letter  of  his,  of  the  date  of  Nov.  lOth,  1774,  contains  gloomy  forebod- 
ings as  to  himself  and  his  family.  The  following  year  he  and  they  were  driven  from 
^larblehead,  by  political  persecutions,  and  were  obliged  to  seek  refuge  with  Rev.  Mr. 
Bailey,  at  Pownalborough.  Some  account  of  this  is  given  in  the  previous  Memoir, 
p.  108.  They  were  here,  at  times,  at  least,  from  April,  177'5,  to  May  of  the  following 
year.  His  family  resided  in  Pownalborough  during  that  time.  In  June  of  that  year, 
Mr.  Weeks  and  his  family  ret'irned  to  .Marblehcad.  In  a  letter  from  that  pl.ice  to 
Mr.  Bailey,  dated  April  2'.)th,  1777,  Mr.  Weeks  says  :  "  Vou  ask  me  '  how  I  live  .' '  I 
am  happy  to  tell  you  that  my  friends  are  uncommonly  kind,  and  even  strangers  are 
remarkably  liberal,  and  I  have  received  the  most  unlimited  offers  from  pi-rsons  I  never 
knew."  •  •  "You  ask,  '  why  I  ceased  to  oliiriatc  ?  '  Because  the  fJetieral  Court 
passed  an  Act  against  preaching,  or  praying,  with  a  design  of  bringing  independence 


316  APPENDIX. 


into  (INrjracc,  etc.,  etc.  My  bcinj?  obliijoJ  to  lly  and  tlic  treatment  I  received  were 
fully  related  in  the  En^li^h  papers,  and  from  thence  were  inserted  in  the  monthly 
JMai;aziiu"s,  etc." 

Mr.  Weeks  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey  from  Boston,  May  2d,  1778.  He  says  :  "  I  am  here 
in  order  to  get  liherfy  from  the  Court  to  go  away,  but  have  the  mortification  to  find 
my  petition  rejected  by  the  House  after  having  been  fully  and  literally  granted  by  the 
Council  by  an  unanimous  vote.  So  there  is  an  end  of  thinking  to  go  away  by  leave. 
Mr.  ("lark  of  Dedhani  hath  liberty  to  go,  though  I  am  detained." 

A  letter  from  llev.  Mr.  Bailey  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  addressed  to  him  at 
Newport,  U.  I.,  dated  Nov.  28th,  1778,  says:  "  I  was  driven  from  the  regions  of  Ken- 
nebeck  about  the  12tn  of  July,  by  a  warrant,  to  Boston.  Upon  my  arrival  I  found  that 
you  were  fled,  from  a  prosecuMonof  the  like  nature,  to  Rhode  Island."  Joseph  Domeltc 
wrote  to  llev.  J.  H.iilcy,  Boston,  Dec.  I,  of  this  year  :  "  Mr.  Gardiner  arrived  at  New 
York  too  late  to  see  either  his  father,  or  Mr.  Weeks,  who  had  sailed  for  England." 
In  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  the  following  was  written  by  Rev.  William  Clark, 
:it  London:  "The  Rev.  Mr.  Weeks,  being  driven  from  the  large  and  flourishing 
Church  of  Marblchead,  left  that  Province  soon  after  I  did,  and  for  similar  reasons, 
and  is  now  going  to  Nova  Scotia  with  a  recommendation  from  the  Society  here  to  the 
Governor  and  Council  of  that  Province."  Mr.  Bailey,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend  a  few 
inontlis  after,  says  :  "  I  am  sorry  to  find  that  Mr.  Weeks  meets  with  any  obstructions 
10  liis  settlement  at  Annapolis.  The  Governor  and  Council,  for  certain  impenetrable 
reasons,  seem  determined  to  retain  Mr.  Fisher  in  that  Mission."  And  shortly  after, 
Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  About  three  weeks  after  my  settlement  at  Halifax,  Mr.  Weeks 
arrived  from  England,  which  afforded  a  great  addition  to  our  happiness.  He  is  ap- 
pointed Missionary  at  Annapolis  Royal,  with  a  salary  of  £141)  per  Annum,  but  will 
continue  at  present  in  this  Metropolis."  He  continued  there  from  July  IGth,  to  Sep- 
tember 7th,  when  he  sailed  for  New  York.  While  he  was  at  that  place,  he  says  :  "  The 
Refugees  from  Massachusetts  Bay  had  a  meeting  to  choose  a  proper  person  to  repre- 
sent them  at  the  Board.  They  condescended  to  choose  me  Moderator.  Khought  it 
an  honour,  and  a  great  one,  nor  shall  I  ever  be  ashamed  of  such  company.  l'"or  when 
I  looked  around  me  I  beheld  men  eminent  for  their  abilities,  their  birth,  their  opu- 
lence and  connexions ;  and  had  the  cause  in  which  we  had  been  engaged  been  a  bad 
one,  men  of  such  character  would  have  added  lustre  to  it,  and  made  it  respectable." 
A  letter  fro'n  Rev.  Dr.  Breynton,  Nov.  27th,  177'.>,  says  :  "  You  are  no  stranger  io  the 
arrival  of  Mrs.  Weeks  and  her  eight  children.  Besides  some  donations,  Mrs.  Weeks 
will  be  allowed  about  5  shillings  per  diem,  and  Mr.  Weeks  will  be  directed  to  draw  for 
the  Society's  £70,  and  the  other  £70  will  be  given  to  (Rev.)  Mr.  Fisher,  till  the  whole 
of  that  affair  can  be  finally  settled." 

It  was  not  till  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  that  Weeks  was  able  to  join  his 
family  in  Halifax.  In  the  following  summer  he  writes  :  "  Rogers  has  been  with  mc, 
and  offered  me  one  of  his  battalion'',  you  know  he  came  from  the  same  Province." 

llev.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  July  28th,  1784:  "What- 
ever might  be  the  motives  wliich  induced  Mr.  Weeks  in  his  endeavors  to  injure  you,* 
it  has  returned  upon  himself,  and  he  is  at  present  in  no  eligible  situation;  in  the  ex-, 
pensive  town  of  Halifax,  with  a  large  family  he  is  reduced  to  about  si.xty  Pounds,  aa 
half-pay  Chaplain  to  the  Orange  Rangers,  and  fifty-two  guineas,  which  are  deducted 
from  my  perciuisites."  In  the  summer  of  the  following  year,  Mr:  Bailey  says,  in  writ- 
ing to  a  friend  :  "  As  to  Mr.  Weeks,  he  has  been  to  ICngland,  and.  after  writing  three 
humiliating  letters  to  the  Society,  w.as  admitted  candidate  for  a  vacancy,  with  tills 
express  condition,  on  record,  that  he  should  first  resign  the  contested  Chaplainship. 


'  Sec  letter  from  IMsliop  Bass,  page  201. 


ATP  END  IX.  317 

But  such  was  his  inflexible  obstinacy  and  steadfast  determination  to  injure  me,  that 
he  refused,  and  returned  lo  Halifax,  though  he  might  have  been  settled  at  Uigby." 

This  matter  of  the  chaplainship  is  spoken  of  in  the  foregoing  Memoir,  pp.  237,  238. 
It  was  the  means  of  suspending  all  intercourse  between  the  family  of  Mr.  Bailey,  and 
that  of  his  brother-in-law,  nor  is  there  any  evidence  that  this  intercourse  was  ever 
restored.  All  that  is  known  by  the  present  writer  of  the  subsecjuent  life  of  Mr. 
Weeks,  is  contained  in  "  Aikin's  Sketch  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Church  of 
England,  etc.  Halifax:  ISt'J."  The  author  of  this  work  says,  p.  49,  "The  names 
and  stations  of  the  Clergy  in  the  Diocese  (of  Nova  Scotia)  at  this  time,  (i.  c.,  ITf'S,) 
were  as  follows  :  Joshua  W.  Weeks,  at  Preston."  And  in  a  note  at  the  foot  of  the 
same  page,  "Removed  to  Guysborough  in  1790,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  De  la  lioche." 
The  Triennial  Catalogue  of  Harvard  College  gives  18')4  as  the  date  of  his  death. 

Rev.  William  Clark,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Dedham, 

Massachusetts. 

This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Peter  Clark,  of  Danvcrs,  Mass.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1759,  and  returned  from  London  to  Boston,  (whiiher  lie  had 
gone  to  take  Holy  Orders,)  in  a  ship  commanded  by  Capt.  Hall,  in  1769.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  charge  of  the  Church  in  Stoughton  and  Dedham. 

Mr.  Clark  wrote  to  ^Ir.  Bailey,  Dedham,  July  10th,  1772,  and  expressed  his  desire  to 
obtain  tlie  Parish  at  Georgetown,  Me.,  because  the  salary  at  Dedham  was  small,  and 
likely  to  remain  so,  until  the  estate  belonging  to  the  Parish  in  reversion  should  fall  in. 
In  1771,  the  inhabitants  of  the  two  townships  (i.  e.  Granville  and  ,)  addressed  an 

invitation  to  the  Rev.  ^Ir.  Clark,  the  Missionary  at  Dedham,  Mass.,  to  come  and  settle 
among  them,  promising,  at  the  same  time,  to  contribute  towards  his  support.  They 
stated  that  the  greater  part  of  them  had  "  been  educated  and  brought  up  in  the  Con- 
gregational way  of  worship,  and  therefore  should  have  chosen  to  have  a  minister  of 
that  form"  of  worship,  but  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Wood,  by  his  preaching,  and  performing  the 
other  offices  of  his  holy  function  amongst  us  in  the  several  districts  of  this  county, 
hath  removed  our  former  prejudices  that  we  had  against  the  forms  of  worship  of  the 
Church  of  England,  as  by  law  established,  and  hath  won  us  to  a  good  opinion  thereof, 
inasmuch  as  he  hath  removed  all  our  scruples  of  receiving  the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  in  that  form  of  administering  it ;  at  least  many  of  us  are  now  com- 
municants with  him,  and  we  trust  and  believe  many  more  will  soon  be  added."  * 

Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  says.  May  2d,  1778:  "  Mr.  Clark  hath  leave  to  go  out  of  the 
country,  but  I  am  refused."  The  same  person,  in  writing  shortly  after  to  the  Venera- 
ble Society,  saysf:  "  Mr.  Clark,  of  Dedham,  on  account  of  his  health,  got  liberty  of 
the  rebels  to  go  to  Newport.  He  is  excessively  deaf,  so  that  he  cannot  perform  divine 
service.  Some  refugees  and  inhabitants  of  Newport  had  subscribed  about  £3(1  sterling 
for  his  support.  Though  he  has  no  family  but  a  wife,  yet  he  is  in  great  need,  and 
merits  compassion  from  all.  He  was  taken  up  last  year  and  tried  at  the  same  time  I 
was,  and  his  lawyer  deceiving  him  by  going  out  of  town  when  he  ought  to  have  been 
in  court,  he  was,  without  the  least  colour  of  evidence  against  him,  condemned,  and 
confined  for  some  time  on  board  the  guard  ship,  by  which  his  health  was  much  injured, 
and  his  voice  so  allected  that  he  can  hardly  be  understood."  Mr.  Clark  writes,  Lon- 
don, March  3d,  1779  :  "  I  had  the  happiness  to  live  in  peace  at  Dedham  till  the  spring 
of  1777,  when  their  jealousy  being  excited  by  a  trifling  occasion,  I  was  sentenced  to 
banishment  and  confined  on  board  a  ship,  for  nothing  more  than  refusing  to  acknowl- 
edge the  Independency  of  America,  which  was  contrary  to  the  sentiments  I   had  of 

*  Hawkins'  Missions,  &c.,  p.  361-2.  t  Hawkins'  Missions,  p.  256. 


318  AI'l'KNDIX 


my  duty  tn  my  kiiiKi  niy  country,  and  my  <»od.  I  wan,  however,  kept  a  prUoner  till 
Uat  June,  wlicn  1  Rut  prriiii«»ii>u  tu  leave  (heir  dominiuno,  and  after  upendinK  a  few 
monthN  lit  Uhode  loUnd  and  New  York,  1  left  America  about  Christmas,  and  arrived 
hwe  in  l-'elvuary  by  way  of  Ireland.  Hy  my  confinement  in  America,  I  contraetctl  a 
disorder,  which  disable*  mo  from  prenchiiift,  and  whether  I  ahall  ever  recover  from  it 
i«  at  prcnent  uncertain."  In  anitwer  to  a  remark  of  Mr.  Clnrk'n  letter  of  November 
of  thii  year — "  I  h.ive  not  heard  since  I  left  her  in  Uhode  Island  about  a  year  aRo.'" — 
|Mr.  Bailey  re]>lie«  :  "I  «aw  Mr.  Weeks  lust  July,  and  made  particular  inc(uirieK  con- 
cerniiiK  the  death  of  Mis.  Clurk,  and  all  the  information  I  could  obtain  waft,  that  Khe 
died  about  the  middle  o(  .'septeml>er.  a  fortnight  after  her  deliv.  ry,  and  that  her  child 
did  not  long  survive  her."  Under  ilate  of  London,  May  '21st,  1".'<3,  Mr.  Claik  writes  : 
"  I  have  now  the  satisfaction  to  inform  you  that  (•overnment  granted  roe  a  penoion  of 
£60  per  annum,  and  I  have  lately  got  leave  to  retire  to  Nova-Scotia  and  enjoy  my 
pension  there."  It  was  not  till  more  than  three  years  after  this  that  Mr.  Clark  was 
enabled  to  realize  his  wish  of  returning  to  Anirrica.  In  his  letter  from  Halifax,  Juno 
2.'1,  17W).  he  writes;  "  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  inform  you  that  I  arrived  here  LMst 
instant,  in  the  Trooper,  Capt.  Browse,  after  a  tedious  passage  of  eight  weeks  from 
London."  In  the  autumn  of  the  same,  Mr.  Clark  was  residing  with  the  Kev.  J  Bailejr 
at  Annapolis.  Shortly  after,  -Mr.  Bailey  said  in  his  report  to  the  Vcnera  >le  Society: 
"  The  Hev.  Mr.  Clark  is  with  nie,  and  has  assisted  in  administering  the  sacrament  and 
reading  prayers,  and  I  am  encouraned  by  his  increasing  health,  to  hope  that  he  may 
be  able  to  perform  service  with  still  greater  satisfaction  to  himself  and  others."  And 
afterwards,  in  a  letter  to  a  correspondent,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Mr.  Clark  was  married 
about  the  2<)th  November  last  and  lives  ut  the  next  door,  so  that  1  have  still  the  benefit 
o(  his  Millenary  library."  And  in  another  letter  Mr.  B.  says  :  "  Mr.  Cl.irk  is  married 
to  a  little,  pretty,  delicate,  chattering  woman,  about  twenty-eight,  as  unable  to  rough 
it  as  himself.  It  is  a  disadvantage  to  Mr.  C,  that  he  is  totally  ignorant  of  gardening 
and  farming."  From  a  previous  communication,  we  learn  that  the  lady's  name  wa« 
Mrs.  Dunltar,  a  young  widow  from  New  York. 

Mr.  Clark  had  removed  to  Digby,  N.  S.,  previous  to  June  2d,  1787,  for  he  wrote  to 
Mr.  Bailey  under  that  date.  In  that  letter  he  says  :  "  It  seems  that  a  number,  perhaps 
forty  or  fifty,  of  half-pay  officers  and  loyalists  of  this  Province  were  represented 
as  apostates,  and  loitering  away  their  time  and  money  in  the  rebel  countri,  of  which 
number  I  had  the  honor  to  be  reckoned  one,  and  con.-icqucntly  my  pension  was  stoj>ped 
on  this  pretence,  even  before  I  had  arrived  at  Annapolis  the  last  summer,  but  my 
agent,  by  his  vigilance,  got  a  reprieve  for  me  and  two  others  lie  names,  till  oth  July 
next,  in  order  to  give  them  time  to  let  them  know  that  I  continued  loyal,  alive,  and 
in  italu  quo.  *  •  •  The  Wardens  here  have  asked  me  to  preach,  which  I  de- 
clined, as  I  ever  wished  to  begin  the  trial  by  reading  prayer*  only."  Mr.  Clark  was  ia 
Dixby  Oct.  G,  17S'J.  lie  returned  to  this  country  and  resided  in  Qiiincy.  lie  died  in 
181o,  and  waa  buried  in  the  church-yard  of  his  last  residence,  his  grave  being  marked 
by  a  monument,  the  inscription  of  which  is  in  Latin. 

Rev.  John  Wisw.m.l,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Falmouth, 
(now  Portland,)  Maine. 

Wm.  Wii.i.i.s.  Ksq  ,  in  his  laborious  and  accurate  edition  of  .'Smith's  Journal,  page 
l.>0,  note  1,  gives  an  account  of  this  gentlemen,  from  which  I  extract  that  portion 
which  relates  to  him  up  to  the  time  of  his  leaving  the  country:  "  Mr.  Wiswall  was 
born  in  Boston,  the  son  of  John  Wiswall  who  kept  the  Grammar  School  there.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  174'.',  and  pursued  the  study  of  Divinity  as  a  Con- 
gregationalist,  in  whi<h  order  he  was  settled  over  the  new  Casco  parish  in  Falmouth 
in  17'5G.     In   17<>l,  he  married  Mary  Minot,  of  Brunswick,  daughter  of  John  Mindt, 


APPENDIX.  319 

afterwards  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 
In  I7G4  he  changed  his  rclii<ious  views,  and  accepted  tlie  invitation  of  the  Episco- 
palians on  the  Neck,  who  had  just  cstalilish<d  the  first  Epiitcopal  Society  which 
existed  in  town,  and  imm<diately  went  to  Knglaiid  to  receive  ordination.  The  saroe 
year  his  Society  er(  cted  a  Church  for  him  on  the  corner  of  Church  and  Middle  Str  eti, 
which  was  completed  the  next  year.  Mr.  Wiswall  returned  in  May.  170.1,  and  con- 
tinued to  preach  t'>  his  people,  respectable  in  number  and  character,  till  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Revolution,  when  his  church  was  burned,  and  his  flock,  who  were  Renerallj 
opposed  to  the  separation  from  the  Mother  Country,  were  scattered  abroad." 

Kev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  a  letter  dated  London,  August  7lh,  17S  t,  gays  :  "  Poor  Wis- 
wall  has  been  in  the  West  Indies  three  years,  in  the  ship  Hoync."  Two  years  after 
this  a  letter  from  England,  says  :  "  .Mr.  Wiswall  is  at  a  curacy  in  Suffolk,  where  his 
engagement  is  only  for  a  short  time."  The  next  year  he  arrived  at  Cornwallis,  N.  .S., 
having  been  appointed  Missionary  to  that  place.  He  wrote  Mr.  Uailey,  Oct.  1,  178.3: 
"This  week  we  chose  our  Church  officers.  Sunday  I  intend  to  read  in,  and  then  Col. 
Burbidge  will  apply  to  the  Governor  for  a  lettT  of  Induction.  •  •  I  am  desirous 
that  you  should  be  the  clergyman  to  induct  me."  Mr.  Hailcy  says,  under  date  of 
March  2d,  17S-1  :  "  I  have  just  returned  from  a  journey  to  Cornwallis,  undi  rtakcn  to 
marry  our  brother  Wiswall,  late  of  Ealmouth,  to  one  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  a  worthy  wo- 
man from  New  York,  who  has  been  visited,  during  the  late  dissensions,  with  a  sinsular 
and  alfccting  train  of  calamities."  In  a  letter  to  Uev.  Edward  Bass,  July  28lh,  17H4.  Mr. 
Bailey  says :  "  U  hen  your  agreeable  and  welcome  If  tter  was  delivered  into  my  hands, our 
brother  Wiswall  was  present,  himself,  his  wife,  and  her  youngest  daughter,  being  on  a 
Tisit  to  our  habitation.  This  observation  will  naturally  conduct  me  to  answer  your 
queries  respecting  that  sensible  and  original  genius  and  his  connections.  His  snlary 
from  Fingland  is  only  one  hundred  pounds  sterling,  for  the  .'Society  allow  the  Mission- 
aries here  the  exact  sum  they  formerly  had  in  New  England,  but  then  he  has  a  parson- 
age, worth  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars  a  year,  and  a  decent  house,  with  fuel.  His 
wife,  about  forty-eight  years  of  age,  is  a  Refugee  from  (C'arohna)  the  Jcrsies.  Her 
fortune  has  been  somewhat  singular  and  very  distressing  since  the  commencement 
of  the  late  Revolution.  Her  husband  was  drowned.  One  son  was  kicked  to  death 
by  a  horse.  A  second  lost  his  life  by  shipwreck  ;  and  the  other  was  hanged  by  the 
rebels,  as  he  was  attempting  to  visit  his  parents.  She  has  remaining  one  son  and 
two  daughters,  and  still  possesses  about  two  thousand  pounds,  the  gleanings  of  a 
Tery  ample  estate.  Her  daughters  have  a  thousand  pounds  each,  lately  left  them  by 
their  grandfather  in  England.  She  appears  to  be  a  very  clever  woman,  is  sociable, 
and  so  prudent  in  the  management  of  family  affairs,  that  we  may  with  propriety  apply 
to  her  what  was  heretofore  said  of  Mrs.  Weeks,  '  She  has  abundance  of  saving  knowl- 
edge.' Mr.  "Wiswall  has  two  sons,  both  lieutenants  in  the  navy,  the  eldest,  Peleg,  is 
at  Halifax,  and  the  other,  John,  has  just  arrived  from  Europe." 

Mr.  Wiswall  left  Cornwallis  previous  to  October,  17H'.l. 

In  1798,  he  was  Missionary  at  Wilmot  and  .\ylesford  ♦     He  died  in  1812. 

Rev.  Roger  Vii:t.«,  Rector  of  Si.  Aiulrew's  Cliurfh,  Simshury, 

Connecticut. 

This  gentleman  was  introduced  to  Mr.  Dailey,  by  a  letter  for  Rev.  Dr.  Hylcs,  of 
Halifax,  July  oih,  1786,  in  which  he  says  :  "This  will  be  handed  you  by  Mr.  Viets, 
formerly  Missionary  at  Simsbury,  but  now  appointed  to  Digby."  He  passed  tie  Rum- 
mer at  his  Mission,  returning  in  the  autumn  to  Simsbury.    The  next  year  he  rcmored 


•  AiklD's  Sketch,  etc.,  p.  ii. 


320  A  r  r  E  N  D I X . 

with  his  family  to  .Nora  Scotia,  and  entered  on  the  duties  of  his  new  Parish.  lie 
issued  "  A  Serious  Addrets  and  Furewell  Charge  to  the  Members  of  the  Church  of 
England  in  Sim«bury  and  the  adjacent  jturtA,"  which  wuh  printed  in  Hartford,  in 
17S7.  He  »nj-s,  in  thin  pnmphlet  :  "  Having  led  your  demotions  almost  twenty-eight 
years,  more  than  twenty-fmir  of  whirh  I  hiivcUeen  in  Holy  Orders,"  etc.,  and  proceeds 
to  give  a  summary  of  some  of  the  ntatiiitic!!  of  the  parish  during  that  time.  Among 
them  is,  "  Haptii»mH,  Adults,  122;  Infants,  174'J.  From  the  year  IT-W  to  the  present 
time,  the  number  of  conformists  to  the  Church  hn-s  increased  from  ?•>  to  more  than 
28»  families,  exclusive  of  the  many  that  liavo  emigrated  and  the  few  that  hare  upoiita- 
tixed.  ' 

In  17S0,  .Mr.  Viets  published,  at  Hartford,  three  sermons  preached  in  Digby  during 
that  and  the  preceding  year.  The  following  is  part  of  the  dedication  prefixed  to 
thorn :  — 

'I'o 
Tin:  UifJiiT  Reverend 

'J'he  Learned, 

'J'ln:  Pious, 
'I'liE   Hespected, 

AND 

Respectable 

^c4nc/i  ojf  t/Vova  c/ccica,     0\c.    d\'c.    d\'e. 

These  Discourses, 

etc 

The  singularity  shown  in  this  dedication  by  Mr.  Victs  was,  (a.<»  it  would  seem  from 
Mr.  Bailey's  letters  to  their  mutual  atquaintance,)  also  apparent  in  some  of  his  other 
actions.  Only  one  letter  of  Mr.  Viets'  to  Mr.  Bailey  has  been  preserved.  It  is  dated 
December  14th,  17!*^>,  and  is  occupied  with  complaints  that  unauthorized  persons 
solemnized  marriages  in  the  neighborhood.  It  urges  Mr.  Bailey  to  proceed  legally 
against  such  offenders.     Mr.  Viets  died  at  Digby  in  liSll,  aged  seventy-four. 

Di{.    -M\rnr.u   Bvlks,  Jk.,   Jloctor  of  Christ.  C'liurch,    13o^<ton, 

Mass. 

The  first  of  Dr.  Bylcs'  letters  found  among  Mr.  Bailey's  papers,  is  the  one  notifying 
Mr.  B.  of  the  collection  made  in  Kngl  ind  for  the  benefit  of  the  suffering  clergy  in 
America.  An  extract  from  this  letter  was  given  on  p.  Hit.  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks  writes, 
Halifax,  June  11th,  1780,  and  says:  "  Dr.  Hylcs  goes  to  him,  (i.  e..  Col.  Rogers,)  and 
after  melancholy  accounts  of  his  own  poverty,  begged  Rogers  to  give  him  the  first 
battalion.  Rogers  without  any  hesitation  gave  him  a  warrant.  I  have  not  seen  him 
(i.  e.,  Rogers,)  since,  indeed  he  is  now  in  gaol,  but  when  I  do  see  him,  I  am  determined 
to  reproach  him  for  his  silly  and  inconsiderate  behaviour."  About  a  month  after  the 
date  of  this  letter,  Dr.  Byles  wrote  Mr.  Bailey  from  the  same  place,  stathig  that  he 
(Mr.  B.,)  could  probably  obtain  the  chaplaincy  of  one  of  the  battalions  spoken  of,  if 


APPENDIX.  321 

"  he  were  on  the  spot "  to  apply  for  it.    The  letter  of  Dr.  Byles,  declining  the  Miuioa 
to  Annapolis  in  lavor  of  Mr.  Bailey,  has  been  given  on  p.  187. 

This  was  but  one  evidence  of  the  friendly  interest  the  Doctor  took  in  Mr.  B.'s  con- 
cerns, since  by  his  letters  from  Halifax,  during;  the  three  following  years,  itsecmK  that 
he  was  exerting  himself  in  various  ways  to  procure  the  full  emoluments  of  the  Mission 
at  Annapolis  for  its  incumbent.  The  son  of  Dr.  Byles  says,  in  a  letter,  Halifax,  Nov. 
25th,  17S4:  "  I  have  no  intelligence  of  any  moment  from  my  father,  except  that  he 
has  obtained  a  War  office  commission  for  his  Chaplaincy  to  this  ganison,  which  fixes 
it  for  life."  The  subject  of  this  notice  returned  to  Halifax  from  England,  in  May, 
17S.5,  where  he  remained  at  least  till  July  of  the  following  year,  and  till  "about  1791, 
when  he  was  appointed  to  St.  Johns,  N.  B."*  But  Mr.  Bailey  in  his  letter,  JuneGth, 
1789,  congratulates  him  on  his  appointment  to  St.  Johns.  In  February,  1794,  he  was 
at  St.  Johns,  N.  B.  The  last  letter  from  him  is  dated  at  the  same  place,  2oth  August, 
179G.     He  died  at  St.  Johns,  in  1814. 

Rev.  BissETT,  Rector  of   Trinity   Church,  Newport, 

Rhode  I.-^land. 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters  says,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey,  dated  Pimlico,  England,  April 
24th,  17SG:  "Mr.  Bissett,  late  of  Rhode  Island,  is  appointed  to  the  City  of  St. 
Johns,  if  he  gets  there  before  either  Scovil  or  Andrews  from  Connecticut.  One  is  to 
abide  at  St.  Croi.\,  the  other  at  Chedcbucto,  near  the  Gut  of  Canso,  but  as  Scovil  and 
Andrews  have  petitioned  for  Chedebucto,  perhaps  they  will  be  appointed  there  before 
Christmas.  Mr.  Bissett  is  a  very  sensible  man,  a  good  scholar  and  compiler  of  ser- 
mons, although  too  bashful  to  appear  in  company,  or  in  the  pulpit."  In  a  letter  from 
Rev.  William  Clark,  Halifax,  June  23d,  178G,  he  says:  "  Rev.  Mr.  Bissett,  wife  and 
family  came  passengers  with  me.  Mr.  Bissett  is  appointed  Missionary  at  St.  Johns." 
Mr.  Bailey  says,  under  date  of  March  7tli,  17S8  :  "  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bissett  died  lately, 
at  St.  Johns." 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  D.  D.,  Rector  of   St.  Peter's  Church, 
Hebron,  Connecticut. 

Several  letters  from  this  eccentric  Divine  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  are  preserved.  A  num- 
ber of  extracts  have  been  made  from  them  in  the  preceding  Biography.  He  expected 
the  Bishopric  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  seems  to  have  taken  some  pains  to  influence  the 
clergy  there  to  petition  that  he  might  be  appointed. 

Rev.  William  Clark  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Digby,  February  18th,  1781  :  "  Our  friend 
P.,  (eters)  as  well  for  his  own  personal  qualifications,  as  for  that  abundant  charity  and 
benevolence,  which  he  has  shewn  to  the  afllictcd  Loyalists  of  all  denominations,  for 
many  years,  is  justly  entitled  to  our  esteem  and  to  the  notice  of  Government,  as  a 
person  proper  to  <ill  the  Episcopal  chair  here ;  with  this  view,  I  subscribed  for  him, 
and  also  wrote  to  Dr.  Morice  my  wishes  to  this  purpose.  But  ala.s  !  who  shall  say  to 
Government,  What  docst  thouf"  Rev.  S.  Parker  writes,  Boston,  October  10th,  1796: 
"  Dr.  Peters,  Bishop  elect  of  Vermont,  cannot  obtain  consecration  in  England,  nor  in 
these  States,  without  a  three  years  antecedent  residence." 

Rev.  Moses  Badger,  Itinerant  Missionary  in  the  Province  of 
New  Hampshire. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  at  New  York,  July  1st,  1779.  giving  him  a  statement  of 
his  sulferings  from  political  persecutions.     He  also  wrote  to  him  at  the  same  place, 

*  Aikla's  SkcUh,  4kc,  p.  41. 

41 


322  APPENDIX. 


August  1st,  171^0,  BtatinR  that  he  had  removed  to  Annapolis,  and  acknowledging  Ihc 
receipt  of  a  letter  from  him. 

Riiv.  IIk.nuy  Caner,  D.  D.,  Rector  of  Kind's  Chapel,  Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

liev.  S.  rctcru  writes,  Aiitfiist  7th,  1780:  "  Dr.  C  (aurjr  it  in  Cardiff,  Wales,  liap- 
pj  in  ob.irurity  and  Kpisi^opul  ncKli'ctH."  Ilev.  Mr.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend, 
in  1781  :  ''  Hy  lutterH  from  Ij'>ndi)n,  I  was  informed  that  Dr.  Caner  had  retiied  with 
hi<  young  wife  to  Cardiff,  Wales." 

Dr.  Caner  died  in  England,  in  17*J2,  aged  92. 

Rev.  John  Troltheck,  Assistant  Minister  of  Kintj's  Chapt'. 

]ioston. 

Rev.  S.  Peters,  in  writing  from  I^ondon,  June  9th,  1770,  Rays:  "Poor  Troutbcck 
has  been  very  sick  and  given  over  by  his  Physicians,  after  which.  Nature  and  Prayera 
took  him  out  of  the  power  of  death,  and  gave  him  a  new  lease  of  his  life." 

Rev.  Samuel  Chandler,  D.  D. 

RcT.  S.  Peters  writes,  June  Ith,  178.3:  "  Dr.  Chandler  sailed  for  New  Jt-rsey,  May 
17th,  178.5." 

Rev.  John  Vaudili,,  of  New  York,  appointed  Rector  of 
Church,  New  York,  (but  did  not  accept  it.) 

Rev.  S.  Peters  says,  in  a  letter,  June  11th,  1785  :     "  Vardill  is  in  Ireland." 

Rev.  Isaac  Brown. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  February  14th,  1784,  to  Rev.  Isaac  Brown,  at  Windsor,  N.S.: 
"  I  have  formerly  wrote  and  received  no  reply  either  from  you  or  the  Doctor,  to  whom 
and  his  lady  be  kind  enough  to  remember  us."  In  17S6,  Rev.  Isaac  Brown  is  inserted 
in  a  list  of  clergy,*  as  superannuated.     Mr.  B.  is  said  to  have  come  from  New  Jersey .f 

Sergeant.     (Que,  Rev.  Winwood,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.?) 

Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  wTiting  from  London,  June  9th,  1779,  to  Rev.  J.  Wingatc 
Weeks,  at  Mr.  Thomas  Brown's,  Halifax,  says :  "  I  wish  you  would  send  the  follow- 
ing idea  to  Mr.  Sergeant  at  Boston,  viz.,  his  mother  died  eighteen  months  ago.  and 
Sergeant  is  heir  to  some  landed  Estate  in  Beconsiield  in  Warwickshire,  2.>  miles  from 
London,  reported  to  be  worth  near  l'J(K)  per  annum.  This  information  I  have  ob- 
tained of  his  sister's  daughters,  named  RatclitFc  and  Jeunett,  No.  3-5,  James  Street, 
Oxford  Road."  Rev.  S.  Peters,  in  a  letter,  dated  London,  Aug.  7th,  1780,  to  Rev.  J. 
Bailey,  says:  "Sergeant  is  at  Bath,  half  dead  and  half  alive.  His  wife  is  full  of 
spirits." 

Smith,  Capt.,  (of  Plymouth,  Mass.)     Thomas  Brown,  in  writing  under  dat« 

Halifax,  December  "ilUh,  1779,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  Cornwallis,  gives  a  description  of 
the  loss  of  the  armed  ship  North,  at  the  mouth  of  Halifax  harbor,  December  10th, 
1779,  by  which  IG.)  out  of  170  persons  perished.  He  says:  "  Capt.  Smith,  who  be- 
longed to  Plymouth  in  New  England,  a  man  who  I  have  been  acquainted  with  sov- 

•  Alklns  Sketch,  p.  28.  tibid,  p.  38. 


APPENDIX.  323 

eral  years,  was  pilot  of  the  North,  and  supposed  to  be  as  well  knowing  to  this  harbor 
as  any  man,  had  charge  of  the  ship  when  she  was  lost,  he  has  left  a  widow  and  eight 
children  at  Plymouth." 

John  McNamauua,  (of  Pownalborough.)  In  the  records  of  the  town  of  Pownal- 
borough  is  found  the  following  entry  : 

"  John  McNamarra,  son  of  Timothy  and  Ann  McNamarra,  was  born  Nov.  Cth,  IT'iS. 
Recorded  March  6th,  1777. 

Edm'd.  BiiiDOB,  Town  Clerk." 

The  above  extract  relates  to  a  person,  who,  though  of  humble  origin,  so  conducted 
himself  during  his  life  as  to  deserve  honorable  mention. 

Mr.  Bailey  says  of  him  when  he  was  discharging  the  office  of  the  Society's  School- 
master in  Annapolis,  in  1787:  "This  schoolmaster  is  another  extraordinary  genius. 
He  was  born  at  Kcnncbeck,  and  came  to  live  with  me  about  the  beginning  of  the 
rebellion. 

"  And  though  his  nearest  relatives  were  violent  rebels,  he  was  so  honest,  loyal  and 
faithful,  as  to  be  employed  by  the  friends  of  Government  in  the  most  critical  and 
dangerous  exigencies.  He  was  persecuted,  fined  and  imprisoned,  but  was,  however, 
happy  enough  to  make  his  escape  wiih  us  to  Halifax.  He  has  passed  through  a 
variety  of  scenes,  and  was,  about  three  years  ago,  appointed  the  Society's  Schoolmaster 
at  Annapolis  ;  and  though  he  has  beon  connected  with  characters  of  every  description, 
he  has  given  universal  satisfaction.  He  has  deservedly  the  highest  reputation  for 
sobriety,  diligence,  and  integrity.  He  has  acquired  almost  every  branch  of  knowledge, 
both  speculative  and  practical,  and  equally  excels  in  arithmetic,  astronomy,  naviga- 
gation,  geography,  surveying,  mensuration,  dialing,  and  other  branches  of  the 
mechanicks." 

AftcrAvards  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "Mr.  McNamarra  has  expended  the  whole  of  his 
salary,  and  whatever  he  received  when  the  school  was  more  advantageous,  either  in 
books,  mathematical  instruments,  etc.,  for  the  improvement  of  himself  and  scholars, 
or  else  in  charity  and  the  promotion  of  public  designs." 

For  a  time  the  subject  of  this  notice  held  the  office  of  Postmaster  in  Annapolis,  and 
probably  continued  as  the  Society's  schoolmaster  to  the  time  of  his  death,  wliich  took 
place  in  the  spring  of  1708.  Bishop  Inglis  said  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Bailey  :  "  I  very  sin- 
cerely regret  the  death  of  ^r.  McNamarra,  who  was  a  very  worthy  useful  man.  Jn 
him  the  community  has  sustained  a  considerable  loss." 

For  many  years  John,  (as  he  was  familiarly  called,)  was  a  member  of  Mr.  Bailey's 
family.  He  was  first  taken  in  the  capacity  of  a  servant.  But  during  the  compulsory 
absences  of  his  employer  in  the  last  few  years  of  his  residence  in  Kennebec,  this 
young  man  was  of  essential  service  to  the  family,  and  doubtless  on  more  than  one 
occasion  prevented  their  suffering  from  want  of  the  necessaries  of  life.  Abandoning 
his  native  land  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey,  he  was  of  no  little  assistance  to  them  after 
their  arrival  in  Nova  Scotia.  This  Mr.  Bailey  states  in  his  letters.  That  he  who  had 
been  received  into  the  family  in  such  a  subordinate  situation,  should  have  had  the 
force  of  mind  to  rise  above  the  condition  of  a  mere  "  hewer  of  wood  and  drawer  of 
water,"  and,  availing  himself  of  the  opportunities  which  Mr.  Bailey  atfordod  him, 
should  have  acquired  the  amount  and  variety  of  information,  which  his  employer  says 
he  possessed,  shows  that  he  could  have  been  no  common  man.  This,  with  the  good- 
ness of  heart  which  characterized  him,  is  enough  to  justify  the  humble  effort  now 
made  to  rescue  his  memory  from  oblivion.  The  high-born  and  the  wealthy  have  no 
lack  of  eulogists,  while  many  who  did  not  possess  these  advantages,  although  much 
more  worthy  of  praise,  are  forgotten.  In  performing  the  duty  attempted  in  the  above 
notice,  a  satisfaction  is  felt,  and  it  is  not  the  less  strong  because  the  biographer  has 


324  APPENDIX, 


endcarorcd  to  save  from  oblirion  one  n-liosc  birth  and  position  in  life  had  nothing  to 
■llttrc  his  efforts. 

1)k.  John  Cai.k,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  IJailey  writes  to  him  at  Major-bigujduce, 

under  date  of  Sept.  6th,  177'.),  and  says:  "You  doubtless  retain  some  knowledge  of 
me  from  our  former  acquaintance,  and  have  I  presume,  heard  something  of  my  situa- 
tion and  circumstances.  •  •  BeinR  informed  that  you  possess  a  department  in 
the  Garrison,  which  gives  you  considerable  influence,  I  have  made  this  attempt  to 
solicit  your  interest  in  case  a  chaplain  should  be  ai)pointed."  Dr.  John  Calf,  of  Ips- 
wich, Mass.,  married  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Jedcdiah  Jcwett,  of  Rowley,  in  17'»3.  In  O. 
Rich's  Bibliotheca  Americana,  p.  'JOJ,  is  the  followinjf :  "  The  seige  of  Penobscot  by 
the  Rebels,  by  J.  C,  Volunteer,  London:  1781.  The  author  is  supposed  to  be  Mr. 
John  Calrf,  agent  for  the  inhabitants  of  Penobscot,  whose  name  is  subscribed  to  the 
charts  which  illustrate  the  work." 

MO.SB.S  roiiBTKK,  (of .)     Rcv.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Dr.  Bartholemew  Sullivan, 

at  New  York,  under  date  of  Halifax,  Sept.  — ,  1770,  and  says :  "  I  must  beg  leave  to 
trouble  you  again  in  behalf  of  the  bearer,  Mr.  Moses  Forster,  whose  situation  and  cir- 
cumstances demand  both  the  emotions  of  humanity  and  the  effusions  of  benevolence. 
After  bavins  been  imprisoned  a  whole  year,  and  then  set  at  liberty  by  the  iSnpremc 
rebel  court,  he  was  cruelly  hariassed  by  the  committee,  driven  from  his  family,  and 
upon  his  return  taken  out  of  bed,  and  conveyed  away  from  a  tender  wife  and  eight 
children  120  miles,  confined  on  board  a  guard  ship,  and  then  transported  to  this  prov- 
ince. As  he  is  a  stranger  in  distress,  I  beg  leave  to  recommend  him  to  your  atten- 
tion, and  am  confident  that  your  goodness  will  afford  him  that  assistance  and  direction 
which  is  due  to  a  sufferer  in  the  royal  cause." 

Ron.\iiT  Jenkin.s.  (Que.,  Robtrt?)  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  writes  to  him  at  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  under  date  of  Halifax,  Sept.  21th,  177'),  and  6ay8  :  "  It  is  about  three 
months  since  I  left  the  unhappy  land  of  our  nativity.  •  ♦I  have  visited  New- 
bury several  times  since  the  comincnccment  of  the  present  commotions,  and  continued 
days  together  with  (Rev.)  Mr.  (Edward)  Bass.  The  proceedings  of  the  people  .ire 
very  disagreeable  to  that  worthy  gentleman,  yet  to  preserve  himself  from  destruction, 
he  omitted  all  prayers  for  the  King  from  the  (time  of  the)  declaration  of  Independ- 
ency, for  which  offence  the  Society  (P.  G.  F.  Ps.,)  have  struck  his  name  from  the  list 
of  Missionaries." 

Simmons,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing,  uadcr  date  of  November  Gth, 

1780,  to  Joseph  Domett,  at  Brompton,  near  London,  says:  "The  refugees  in  this 
Provinccarc  under  the  influence  of  melancholy  and  dejection,  the  inflexible  obstinacy  of 
the  rebel  powers,  the  dilatory  conduct  of  the  British  forces,  and  the  ungenerous  treat- 
ment they  meet  with  in  the  regions  of  New  Scotland,  have  broken  the  spirits  of  several 
worthy  persons,  among  whom  I  may  mention  Mr.  Simmons,  who  has  left  behind  him 
a  widow  and  four  children." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  also  wrote  to  Mr.  William  Simmons,  at  Halifax,  Nov.  1st,  1779.  He 
says:  "  It  i;,  1  believe,  a  trite  observation,  that  nothing  occasions  stronger  attach- 
ment and  friendships  than  suffering  in  the  same  cause.  In  such  circumstances  we 
love  to  mingle  together  in  conversation,  etc.  etc.  "We  have  not  one  refugee  here 
except  Capt.  Campbell,  etc.  etc."  November  30,  1779,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Mr. 
Simmons,  at  Halifax,  and  says  :  "  You  have  my  grateful  acknowledgements  for  your 
obliging  letter."  Another  letter  was  addressed  by  J.  Bailey,  February  4th,  1780,  to 
Mr.  William  Simmons,  at  Halifax  ;  also.  May  8,  1780,  from  the  same  to  the  same ;  and 
another  letter  from  the  same  to  the  same,  Sept.  2,  1780,  in  which  Mr.  Bailey  speaks 
of  having  lately  heard  of  Mr.  Simmons,  throtigh  a  gentleman  just  arrived  in  Comwal- 
lis.  In  a  letter  to  T.  Brown,  October  11,  178 ),  J.  Bailey  speaks  of  receiving  a  letter 
from  T.  Brown,  mentioning  the  "  untimely  exit"  of  Mr.  Simmons. 


APPENDIX.  325 

Jonx  Jones,  (of  Kennebec.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter,  February  8th,  1780 
directed  to  John  Jones,  at  Queliec :  "Let  us  flatter  ourselves  witli  the  pleasing  pros- 
pect of  meeting  again  in  the  regions  of  Kennebeck,  and  if  we  should  not  be  happy 
enough  to  find  all  our  friends  remaining  after  so  violent  a  tempest,  yet  we  that  have 
escaped  the  general  wreck  may  rejoice  in  each  other's  society,  and  have  the  pleasure 
of  regarding  with  contempt  tlxose  sons  of  rapine  and  violence,  who  drove  us  from  our 
peaceful  habitations,  and  forced  us  into  the  ocean,  to  contend  with  rocks,  currents, 
whirlpools,  storms  and  hurricanes."  In  WTiting  to  Mrs.  Ruth  Jones,  at  Cuncord, 
Mass.,  about  the  same  time,  Mr.  Bailer  says:  "I  have  just  received  a  packet  from 
your  consort,  Mr.  Jones.  After  passing  through  a  variety  of  scenes,  he  arrived  at 
Lake  Champlain,  and  afterwards,  by  several  removes,  reached  Quebec  on  the  29th  of 
August.  His  last  letters  are  dated  November  2d."*'  To  a  friend  in  Halifax,  Mr. 
Bailey  writes,  April  18,  1780  :  "  I  take  this  opportunity  to  recommend  to  your  favor, 
Capt.  Jones.  He  is  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  company  in  Rogers'  Battalion. 
I  am  persuaded  that  his  active  and  enterprising  genius  will  be  of  great  service  in  the 
department  to  which  he  belongs."  Mr.  Bailey  says  to  another  acquaintance:  "I 
send  you  this  by  our  friend  Jones,  who  is  engaged  to  chastise  the  rebels.  •  •  •  « 
You  must  be  persuaded  that  no  man  is  better  fitted  foi  the  .«;erviee,  both  in  point  of 
knowledge  and  resolution."  In  a  letter,  writicn  about  the  same  time,  Mr.  Bailey 
says  :  "  We  were  happily  surprised  last  week  with  the  company  of  Capt.  Jones,  one 
of  our  Kennebeck  neighbours,  who  escaped  from  close  imprisonment  in  Boston 'last 
spring.  After  passing  through  a  variety  of  scenes,  he  was  fortunate  enough  to  reach 
Quebec,  where,  meeting  with  the  famous  Col.  Rogers,  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  army, 
and  intends  to  visit  his  country  by  way  of  Penobscot.  His  capacity  is  equal  to  his 
undertaking." 

John  Jones  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  from  Fort  George,  September  Ith,  1780  :  "  I 
have  had  two  trips  to  Kennebeck,  one  by  land,  the  other  in  a  whaleboat.     First,  by 

land  :  I  went  up  and  down,  till  I  found  where  to  strike.     Thought  best  to  bring f 

off.  The  way  I  proceeded  was  as  follows:  I  surrounded  his  house  in  the  morning, 
very  early  ;  sent  two  men  to  rap  at  the  door.  On  his  crying  out,  '  Who  is  there  ? '  I 
answered,  A  friend  !  '  A  friend  to  whom  ? '  I  answered,  to  the  Congress,  and  we  arc 
from  George's  River  with  an  express,  for  the  enemy  has  landed  fifteen  hundred  troops 
and  three  ships.  He  jumped  up  and  came  down  with  his  breeches  on,  lit  a  candle, 
and  opened  the  door.  We  immediately  seized  him.  On  his  making  some  noise,  his 
wife  come  running  down  stairs,  but  soon  returned,  and  put  her  head  out  of  the  cham- 
ber window,  and  halloed,  murder  !  I  told  her  that  if  she  did  not  hold  her  tongue,  my 
Indians  would  scalp  her.  Away  we  hauled  him  into  a  boat  we  had  prepared,  and  up 
the  river  about  a  mile  above  Gardinerston,  landed  him,  and  gave  him  a  pair  of  shoes 
and  stockings,  and  marched  him  to  Fort  George,  across  the  woods,  in  four  days.  The 
whole  country  was  alarmed,  and  was  about  si.\  hours  after  us.  In  two  or  three  days 
Rowland  (Gushing)  came  in  a  flag.  In  two  or  three  days  after,  three  men  came  in 
and  informed  us  how  matters  were.  Joseph  North  has  gone  to  Boston.  Bowman 
keeps  a  guard  every  night,  and  all  the  people  are  much  frightened.  Rowland  keeps  a 
guard,  and  Maj.  Goodwin  sleeps  every  night  at  the  house.  Many  of  our  friends  have 
been  threatened,  but  no  one  is  touched  or  hurt,  for  great  is  their  fear.  Many  of  the 
inhabitants  don't  cut  their  meadow.  All  our  friends  were  well,  when  by  water  we  went 
and  cut  out  a  vessel,  and  brought  her  here  safe.  We  also  took  many  others.  •  •  I 
have  had  several  scoutings  since  I  have  been  here.    Have  always  got  the  better  of  the 

•  Mr.  Bnlloy  also  wrote  to  John  .Tones  at  the  same  time.  lie  said :  "  Your  t)rolhcr  .Inrk  I>co, 
came  to  Ilalifa.x,  some  time  after  the  dlsiierslon  of  the  rebels  at  rcnobgcot"  This  letter  wa«  en- 
closcil  In  one  directed  to  Jonas  Lee,  at  Concord,  JInss. 

t  Col.  Charles  Cashing.    Uc  is  here  called  by  a  nlcluiamc. 


32t>  APPENDIX. 

rebeU.     Nat.  (jar<lin«r  ia  a  prisoticr  with  the  rcbelit  in  Caaco  gaol.    Caahing  ia  going 
home  to  cll'ort  hi'*  exchaii;;e  und  (iardinrr'a."* 

Nuvotn!)cr  titli.  17'H0,  Mr.  Uailey  writcn :  "I  have  bad  ac\oral  visit*  from  Capt. 
Junes,  who  [*  a  CaptAin  in  the  army.  He  \t  now  at  I'enobitcot."  In  the  autumn  of 
1784,  Mr.  Uailey  writcn  to  Governor  Wcnlworlh  :  "  1  would  b«»g  leave  to  recommend 
to  your  notice  Mr.  Jone*,  an  honest,  worthy  loyali«t,  who  has  lost  an  am]>lc  estate  for 
his  attachment  to  His  M.ijenty  and  the  Uritish  government.  He  is  endeavoring  to 
obtain  a  KCi^Dt  of  Grand  Mi-nan,  and  is  desirous  of  obtaining  your  interest  and  that 
of  Gov.  Fanning.  I  can  assure  you  there  is  not  a  person  of  my  acquaintance  better 
calculated  to  improve  a  wilderness  country  than  Mr.  Jones.  lie  was  formerly  princi- 
pal surveyor  to  the  I'lymouth  Company,  and  has  made  several  tine  settlements  at 
Kennobcck  bcfirc  the  commencement  of  the  late  commotions. "f  Mr.  Jones  wrote  to 
Mr.  Uiiley  from  St.  .\ndrews,  April,  1781,  at  which  time  Mrs.  Jones  was  with  him. 
Ilev.  J.  Ii.iilcy  says,  in  a  MS.  lli.stury,  etc. :  "  When  I  arrived  at  St.  Andrews,  on 
the  river  Sant.i  Croix,  I  found  a  number  of  people  from  I'cnobscot  and  elsewhere, 
forming  a  settlement.  But  while  Mr.  Jones,  the  surveyor,  was  employed  in  laying 
out  thoir  lands,  a  party  of  Indians,  under  the  direction  of  one  Allen,  a  notorious  rebel, 
took  him  prisoner.  It  is  uncertain  in  what  manner  they  intended  to  dispose  of  Mr. 
Jones.  However,  the  second  day  of  his  captivity,  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  escape, 
and  to  proceed  in  his  business  without  further  interruption."  Jones  returned  to  the 
Kennebec  after  the  Revolution,  und  resided  in  what  is  now  the  city  of  Auguata.  He 
was  employed  in  17".>7  by  the  Proprietors  of  the  Kennebec  Purchase,  to  compile  a 
large  map  of  their  property,  from  previous  surveys.     Jones  died  in  Augusta. 

Thomas  Browx,  (of  Boston.)  Kev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  his  Journal,  under  date  of 
Halifax,  the  day  of  his  arrival  there,  June  21st,  177'J  :  "  Mr.  Kitson  kindly  offered  to 
conduct  us  either  to  Mr.  Brown's  or  Captain  Callahan.  •  •  By  this  time  my 
old  gencrotis  friend,  Mr.  Brown,  was  arrived." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Miss  Sally  Weeks  at  Halifax,  under  date  of  Comwallis, 
Dec.  7th,  177'J,  says  of  one  of  Thomas  Brown's  daughters  :  "  I  have  been  acquainted 
with  Becky  from  her  earliest  infancy,"  etc.  etc.  In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S.  Peters  at  Lon- 
don, dated  April  27,  1"S1,  lie  speaks  of  "  our  friend  Brown,  when  he  formerly  resided 
in  Boston."  T.  Brown  failed  in  his  business  previous  to  May  2d,  17S0,  (see  his  letter,) 
and  afterwards  established  a  school.  Rev.  J.  Bailey  in  a  letter,  November  Dth,  1781,  to 
Rev.  S.  Peters,  London,  in  speaking  of  Thomas  Brown,  says  :  "  This  poor  gentleman 
is  still  detained  under  complaint  of  his  unmerciful  creditors.  I  cannot  prevail  for  his 
release,  though  I  am  his  principal  creditor."  Thomas  Brown  WTites  to  Mrs.  Bailey, 
Halifax,  September  17lh,  17^2  :  "  I  made  a  verbal  agreement  three  years  ago,  to  receive 
one  hundred  pounds  per  annum  for  teaching  in  this  Academy.  I  have  no  legal  ap- 
pointment in  the  school,  nor  do  I  know  at  present  whom  to  demand  payment  of  for 
my  services.  I  am  now  almost  a  cripple.  A  year  ago  last  January  I  was  suddenly 
attacketl  with  a  severe  stroke  of  the  palsy,  and  have  not  yet  recovered  the  free  use  of 
my  right  arm,  right  leg,  and  my  speech." 


•  III  tlic  Ilodlon  Oarc-llc,  of  .Tuly  21th,  17S0,  Is  the  fullowlm;  Item :    "  W'c  hear  from  rownsllHiro', 

that  ali'iiit  Ton  Dn.vs  m.i>,  a  I'nrty  of  Turlcs  •iirrnuinlpil  llio  iluusc  uf Cuihini;,  Ks*!. ;  lliiih 

HhorlfT  uf  the  County  of  Lliiculn,  in  the  Nii;ht,  tuuk.  him  out  of  Uctl,  and  carricU  him  utt  tu  tlic 
Enemy." 

tSahlnc  says.  In  his  American  LoyslLnts,  p.  SIS,  of  Moses  Ocrrlsh  :  "After  the  peace,  he  lu.  . 
Thoino!!  Koss,  an<l  one  Join'S,*  ohtiiliuMl  License  of  occupation  of  the  UilamI  of  Ornml  Mennn.  New 
Itniniinlck,  nnil  ll»  ilci  iii.1oik«s,  and  tin  condition,  etc.,  wore  to  receive  a  »:rant.  etc.  They  com- 
menced the  nettlement  of  the  NIand,  and  sold  ni'veral  lot.s  in  anticipation  of  their  own  title,  but  failed 
to  fulfll  the  conditions,  and  did  not  ubtiiln  the  expected  grant    Jones  returned  to  the  riilted  States. 

*  Th«  subject  of  the  above  sketch,  as  the  writer  has  been  aasarod,  by  persona  who  knew  the  fact. 


APPENDIX.  327 

Capt.  CuAULES  Callahan,  (of  rownalborouRh,  Me.)  The  father  of  this  person 
resided  in  tlie  town  above  named,  and  died  there  before  Mr.  Hailcy  left  the  countr\'. 
Capt.  Callahan  commanded  a  coasting  vessel  in  the  year  1772,  and  was  bound  on  a 
foreign  voyage,  perhaps  as  master,  in  October  177i,  as  appears  by  Rev.  J.  Bailcy'a 
letter  to  the  Venerable  Society,  of  that  date,  inserted  in  the  Memoir,  p.  Iftj.  He  wa« 
at  that  time  one  of  the  Warden's  of  St.  John's  Church,  PownalborouRh,  Capt.  Cal- 
lahan, althontih  a  loyalist  in  principle,  was  not  disposed  to  take  any  active  i>art  in 
the  contest  then  Roing  on  between  the  mother  country  and  her  revolted  colonies. 
Nor  was  he  disposed  to  remove  to  any  place  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  liritiith. 
But  having  been  repeatedly  "  drafted"  to  serve  in  the  Provincial  army,  he  became 
convinced  that  he  was  dishonestly  dealt  with  in  this  matter,  and  he  then  determined 
to  defeat  the  power  of  his  enemies  by  leaving  the  country.  He  was  proscribed  and 
banished  by  Massachusetts  in  1773.  The  ne.xt  mention  of  him  is  in  a  letter,  October 
lOth,  1778,  in  which  Mr.  Bailey  says:  "Capt.  Callahan  is  Captain  of  a  twclvc-gun 
sloop  of  war  in  the  King's  service." 

In  Mr.  Bailey's  Journal,  ui\der  date  of  June  21st,  1770,  he  inserted  the  following, 
wliich  he  piobably  obtained  from  the  wife  of  the  subject  of  this  notice,  at  whose  house 
he  then  was  : — 

"  The  adventures  of  Capt.  Callahan.  He  embarked  in  a  small  open  boat  with  Mr. 
Jarvis  and  Mr.  Kitson  in  the  night,  ttnd  falliiii?  down  the  [Kennebec]  river  went 
on  sliore  to  refresh  themselves  at  Mr.  Thomas  Percy's,  and  were  received  by  that 
benevolent  and  hospitable  family  with  great  expressions  of  friendship.  But  when 
Capt.  Callahan  had  reached  this  distance,  he  began  to  reflect,  and  that  fondness  he 
retained  for  his  house  and  possessions,  and  the  extreme  tenderness  he  had  for  his 
wife  and  family,  almost  tempted  him  to  renounce  the  principles  of  reason  and  loyalty. 
The  thoughts  of  exposing  everything  dear  and  engaging,  sadly  oppressed  his  spirits, 
and  sank  him  into  the  glooms  of  despondency.  When  his  companions  observed  the 
agitations  of  his  bosom  and  the  alllicling  struggles  between  duty  and  ulfection,  they 
both  began,  with  a  degree  of  fierceness  and  asperity,  to  upraid  him  for  his  timidity 
and  want  ol  resolution,  and  even  proceeded  so  far  as  to  accuse  him  of  disatfection  to 
His  Majesty.  This  unjust  reflection  stung  him  to  the  very  soul,  and  ho  replied  with 
a  determined  spirit,  '  No  person  breathing  has  greater  aversion  to  the  American  re- 
bellion than  myself.  It  is  true,  I  have  a  prevailing  attachment  to  my  aged  parent 
and  beloved  wife,  and  the  thoughts  of  leaving  them  unprotected  to  the  malice  and 
cruelty  of  the  miscreants  about  them  tears  my  very  soul  in  pieces,  and  if  I  had  beeo 
weak  enough  to  return,  I  would  never  make  any  compliance  that  I  could  not  recon- 
cile to  my  conscience.  But  I  am  now  determineil  to  proceed  to  Halifax,  let  what  will 
be  the  consequence !' 

"  As  soon  as  the  tide  served  their  purpose  in  the  morning  they  embarked,  and  kept 
along  shore  till  they  imagined  it  proper  to  cress  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  But  they  had 
not  proceeded  far  in  this  tremendous  gulph  before  the  wind  began  to  blow  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  tide,  and  raised  a  rough  and  dangerous  sea.  This  obliged  them  to  alter 
their  course,  and  to  steer  quartering  over  the  billows.  In  this  situation  Capt.  Calla- 
han kept  at  the  helm  for  sixteen  hours,  till  at  length,  being  overcome  with  fatigue, 
and  his  spirits  entirely  exhausted,  he,  in  a  manner  fainted,  gave  up  the  helm,  and 
entrusted  the  boat  to  the  mercy  of  the  raging  seas.  During  the  period  of  this  alarm- 
ing voyage  Mr.  Jarvis  and  Kitson  lay  in  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  dying  sick,  but 
now  perceiving  nothing  in  prospect  except  speedy  death,  the  latter  crawled  up  and 
seized  the  helm,  and  in  a  few  hours  conveyed  the  boat  into  a  place  of  security.  Capt. 
Callahan,  upon  his  arrival  at  Halifax,  was  received  with  great  attention,  admitted 
upon  the  list  of  the  King's  pilots,  and  shortly  after  advanced  to  the  command  of  the 
Gage,  in  which  department  ho  behaved  with  remarkable  courage  ond  fidelity,  lie 
quickly  became  a  terror  to  the  Rebels,  took  a  number  of  their  fishing  and  coasting 


;328  Arrii.NDix. 

Teaarts,  and  tlMtToyed  sfTcrnl  of  their  priratccrg.  In  the  «umtn<>r  of  1778  the  pooplo 
of  Nttfki'dR,  a  ncttlcmcnt  on  the  canlrrn  shore  of  I'enobsrot  Hay,  hrcd  upon  hU  boat 
aa  thoy  were  Roing  to  take  in  water,  and  mortally  wounded  one  of  his  hands.  Hav- 
ing received  this  inhuman  provocation  he  itninediately  landed,  and  burnt  all  their 
habitations,  to  the  number  of  ten  or  twclvo,  and  drove  the  barbarous  inhabitants  into 
the  woods.  1  was  at  Boston  when  the  news  of  this  exploit  reached  that  Metropolis  ol 
sedition,  and  the  authorities  were  so  hinbly  enraRed  that  two  stout  privateers  were 
•ent  to  intercept  him,  but  they  were  not  fortunate  enough  to  accomplish  their  desijjn.* 
•*  Capt.  Callahan,  after  a  considerable  rtin  of  success,  had  at  length  the  misfortune 
to  be  cast  away  near  the  light-house  in  a  terrible  storm,  the  day  after  last  Christmas, 
by  which  accident  one  of  his  men  was  killed,  and  himself  wounded  in  escaping  on 
■horc.  The  rest  were  saved,  though  some  were  miserably  frozen.  Since  that  calami- 
tous affair  the  Captain  has  been  unable  to  procure  the  command  of  another  vessel, 
though  he  still  draws  wages  as  a  pilot,  and  was  now  with  Capt.  Mowat  in  the  expedi- 
tion against  Penobscot."  Thomas  Brown  writes  from  Halifax,  under  date  of  29th  De- 
cember, 177'.),  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  and  says  that  Capt.  Callahan  wen! 
pilot  of  the  ship  North,  to  Spanish  River,  and  that  "  Capt.  Mowat  persuaded  him  to 
it,  with  an  expectation  of  taking  him  in  the  Albany  to  Penobscot,  when  he  should 
return  from  Spanish  River,  and  placing  him  in  an  armed  vessel  of  his  own  fitting  out 
during  the  winter.  •  •  After  sailing  from  Spanish  River  they  soon  parted  from 
several  of  their  fleet  in  tempestuous  weather,  and  on  Thursday,  '.»th  instant,  with  the 
ship  St.  Helena  and  a  brig  and  snow,  arrived  safe  in  Beaver  Harbour,  about  23 
leagues  eastward  of  this.  •  •  The  next  day,  being  Friday,  they  all  sailed  from 
Beaver  Harbour  about  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  for  Halifax.  During  the  day,  the 
wind  not  being  very  favourable,  and  one  or  two  of  the  fleet  being  heavy  sailing  vessels. 
Capt.  Sclby  was  obliged  to  shorten  sail,  that  they  might  keep  up  with- him.  Toward 
night  a  storm  seemed  to  be  speedily  approaching,  which  induced  him  to  run  for  tl;' 
light-house,  and,  if  possible,  to  get  into  harbour  that  night.  About  7  o'clock  in  th' 
evening  they  discovered  the  light-house,  but  being  so  near  the  shore,  and  the  wind 
increasing,  thought  they  could  not  weather  Sambro  Head,  and  so  cast  anchor.  •  • 
About  half  past  one  on  Saturday  morning  the  iS'orth  fired  a  gun  as  a  signal  in  distress, 
and  Mr.  Robinson  perceived  that  she  had  struck  upon  the  rocks,  and  in  a  short  tinu 
saw  her  fall  to  pieces.  *  «  •  After  the  ISorth  went  to  pieces  numbers  of  her  people 
swam  and  floated  about  the  St.  Helena  and  begged  for  assistance,  but  they  could 
afford  them  very  little.  •  •  •  Only  five  people  belonging  to  the  North  escaped 
■with  their  lives,  out  of  about  one  hundred  and  seventy  that  were  on  board  when  she 
struck.  Capt.  Smith,  who  belonged  to  Plymouth,  in  New  Kngland  •  •  was  pilot 
of  the  North,  and  sujjposed  to  be  as  well  knowinsj  to  this  harbour  as  any  man,  had 
charge  of  the  ship  when  she  was  lost ;  he  has  left  a  widow  and  eight  children  at  Ply- 
mouth. The  last  I  can  hear  of  poor  Callahan  is,  that  he  was  on  the  quarter  deck 
with  Capt.  Selby  at  the  time  of  the  vessel's  striking,  and,  I  am  told,  that  he  fore- 
\rarne<l  them  of  their  approaching  danger,  but  in  the  time  of  the  general  confusion 
was  not  attended  to.  This  is  the  substance  of  that  unhappy  affair,  as  related  to  nu 
by  Mr.  Robinson,  who  was  in  the  St.  Helena,  and  two  seamen  who  escaped  from  tlu 
Korth.  •  •  I  am  certain  that  he  (Capt.  C.)  was  the  best  pilot  on  board.  There 
was  also  a  good  understanding  between  him  and  Capt.  Smith,  the  ship's  pilot,  who 
was  a  very  worthy,  honest  man." 


*Tho  Koston  Journal,  of  Nov.  22(1,  KV),  contained  a  letter  signed  William  Rccd,  dated  Xaskcai;, 
July  3,  ITT*,  and  directed  to  Col.  Junntluui  ItuoK,  nt  Pcn<l>scot,  kIvIpk  an  account  of  this  attack. 
The  Uclfait  Signal  noticed  thl<  Ictlor.  (soo  Hottun  .Iimmal,  T)pc.  10th,  IK-W,)  stalid  that  Naskcag  Is 
DOW  called  Sedgwick,  and  suggcalcd  that  there  must  be  a  mistake  In  Uic  date  of  Uic  letter.  But  this 
WM  not  so. 


APPENDIX.  329 

The  widow  of  the  accoased  became  a  claimant  on  the  British  government  for  part  of 
the  amount  allowed  by  them  to  American  Loyalists  as  a  compensation  for  their  losses. 
During  a  part  of  the  time,  after  the  death  of  her  husband,  she  resided  with  Rev.  Ja- 
cob Bailey,  at  Annapolis.  In  I'H'Z  she  lived  in  Halifax.  Two  years  after  the  farm 
and  buildings  in  Pownalborough,  abandoned  by  Capt.  Callahan,  were  unoccupied  and 
rapidly  deteriorating.  Mrs.  C.  returned  to  the  United  States  during  that  year,  but  in 
a  few  months  afterwards  was  residing  with  Kev.  Mr.  Bailey,  at  Annapolis.  ICcpcatcd 
applications  were  made  to  the  Commissioners  appointed  for  examining  the  claims  of 
American  Loyalists,  for  compensation  to  Mrs.  CaUahan,  and  she  received  £40  sterling 
annually  from  the  British  government  during  her  life.  Her  farm  and  buildings  camo 
into  her  possession.  She  returned  to  Pownalborough  about  1790,  where  she  resided 
till  her  death,  which  took  place  in  181G. 

In  Rev.  J.  Bailey's  Journal,  under  date  of  Juno  21st,  177'.',  he  writes  the  following: 

"  The  Adventures  of  the  Turners  and  John  Carlo. 

"  In  the  beginning  of  May,  177S,  Thomas  Tuknek,  James  Tl-rxeh,  Cookbo.v,  their 
brother-in-law,  and  John  and  Martin  Carlo,  two  brothers,  set  out  on  foot,  with  a 
design  of  travelling  by  land  to  Halifax,  in  Nova  Scotia. 

"  They  met  with  a  prodigious  variety  of  hardships,  obstacles  and  dangers  in  their 
journey,  not  to  mention  that  perpetual  dread  of  detection,  which  attended  their  route. 
At  length,  meeting  with  a  number  of  rebel  soldiers,  they  were  constrained  to  enlist, 
but  were  honest  enough  to  refuse  the  money  till  they  should  arrive  at  Machia«.  How- 
ever, instead  of  proceeding  directly  to  the  place  of  rendezvous,  they  visited  the  famous 
Col.  Jones,  and  applied  to  him  for  advice  and  direction.  This  gentleman  provided 
our  adventurers  with  a  boat,  in  form  of  a  barge,  in  which  they  embarked  without  any 
knowledge  either  of  the  way,  or  of  navigation.  They  however  ventured  to  row  along 
shore,  in  conscq\icnce  of  some  general  instructions,  and  then  crossed  over,  by  acci- 
dent, to  Grand  Menan,  and  seeing  laud  at  a  great  distance,  they  set  off  at  daylight, 
and  continued  to  contend  with  a  boisterous  sea  till  after  dark,  without  arriving  at  any 
shore.  During  all  this  tedious  day,  they  were  obliged  to  ply  the  oars  with  their  ut- 
most strength,  till  they  were  quite  discouraged,  and  their  vigour  eshaustf-d,  but  know- 
ing that  any  relaxation  of  their  struggles  would  be  fatal,  they  continued  their  labours 
without  ceasing,  till  after  midnight,  when  they  entered  a'bay,  'round  which  they  dis- 
covered a  large  number  of  settlements.  In  this  situation  they  were  full  of  anxiety, 
for  being  ignorant  in  what  region  they  had  fallen,  they  were  extremely  uneasy  lest  this 
territory  belonged  to  the  rebels.  But,  upon  inquiry,  they  perceived,  to  their  inexpres- 
sible satisfaction,  themselves  within  the  limits  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  that  the  town  be- 
fore them  was  a  settlement  which  belonged  to  the  ancient  French  inhabitants.  Here 
the  inhabitants  were  kind  enough  to  give  them  ample  refreshment.  This  place  being 
not  far  distant  from  Annapolis,  they  took  the  first  opportunity  of  going  thither,  and 
from  thence  proceeded  by  land  to  Halifax,  where  they  got  into  business.  James 
Turner  and  Cookson  are  still  in  this  town  ;  'Ihomas  Turner  and  John  ("arlo,at  Penob- 
scot, and  Martin  Carlo,  at  Lunenburg."  John  Jones,  writes  from  Halifax,  July  lOth, 
1781,  to  Kev.  J.  Bailey:  "T.  Turner  and  M.  Carlo  were  taken  pri^<)ners  at  Konne- 
beck,  and  are  gone  to  Boston,  and  have  got  my  old  berth."  Afterwards,  in  writing 
from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  March  11th,  17S'J,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  the  same  person 
says:  "  Thomas  Turner  and  brother,  and  Martin  Carlo,  arc  gone  to  live  at  home  in 
peace." 

Edmund  Doharty,  (formerly  of  Pownalboro',  Me.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  let- 
ter to  him  at  Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  November  30,  177'J:  "  You  cannot  imagine 
what  pleasure  it  gives  me  to  hear  from  one  of  my  former  parishioners  in  this  strange 
country.  Your  letter  reminds  me  of  tliose  dear  friends  we  left  behind  in  the  pleasant 
land  of  our  nativity ;  and,  though  it  is  our  misfortune  to  remain  in  a  state  of  banish- 

42 


330  APPENDIX. 


mont,  ypt,  etc.  etc.  GWo  our  kind  regards  to  your  consort  and  our  brother  wander- 
ers, who  reside  at  your  house." 

Thomns  Brown,  in  a  letter,  dated  Halifax,  29th  December,  1799.  says:  "  Doharty 
was  found  out  to  connive  imprudently  in  the  concealment  of  some  deserters  from  the 
Virginia  and  Albany  men-of-war,  by  which  means  both  he  and  the  old  fellow  (Dr.  C. 
Mayer,)  were  dismissed  the  (Capt.  Spry's)  works,  but  upon  examiuatiun,  the  latter 
was  found  to  be  ignorant  of  the  matter,  and  restored  to  favor  again,  and  how  the 
former  will  support  his  family,  I  know  not,  as  his  reputation  is  greatly  blasted  by  his 
foolish  conduct."  E.  Doharty  was  in  llalil'ax,  January  28,  1781,  as  appears  by  his  let- 
ter of  that  date,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey.  The  latter  says,  April  18,  1781 :  "  Mr.  Doharty 
and  Dr.  Mayer  arc  just  removed  to  Penobscot."  J.  Jones  says,  Fort  George,  March 
11,  1782:     '*  Doharty  has  gone  out  on  a  cruise." 

Captain  Cosins,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  him  at 

Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  December  6th,  1779  :  "  Mr.  Brown  having  informed  me  of 
your  arrival  in  this  Province,  my  joy  at  this  agreeable  intelligence  would  not  permit 
mo  to  be  silent.  •  «  I  am  convinced  that  you  must  feel  exquisite  satisfaction, 
■when  you  reflect  upon  your  escape  from  the  terrors  of  tyranny  and  usurpation,  and 
consider  yoiirsclf  allowed  to  breathe  the  air  of  freedom  in  a  region  where  mild  and 
legal  authority  prevails.  It  is  one  of  the  warmest  wishes  of  my  heart,  that  y'ju  may 
procure  that  countenance  and  encouragement,  which  your  integrity,  your  sulferings 
and  your  loyalty  merit.  I  fancy  you  arc  able  to  furnish  me  with  some  interesting 
anecdotes  of  the  eastern  country,  where  I  hear  you  resided  some  time  before  your  de- 
parture." In  a  letter  to  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  at  Halifax,  of  same  date.  Rev.  J.  Bailey 
says  :  "  I  am  rejoiced  to  hear  that  Capt.  Combs  has  been  fortunate  enough  to  escape 
from  the  Rebels.  You  may  regard  him  as  a  person  of  real  worth  and  unshaken  integ- 
rity, who  has  resisted  all  the  efforts  of  his  cotintrymen  to  seduce  and  subdue  him  with 
amazing  fortitude,  and  his  honest  attachment  to  the  British  government  is  nearly 
without  example." 

Joseph  Domettr,  (of  Boston,  Mass.)  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says,  in  a  letter  to  him  at  New 
York,  dated  February  11th,  1780 :  "  You  cannot  imagine  how  much  I  sutlered  on  your 
account,  during  your  imprisonment  in  Boston.  I  greatly  feared  that  your  constitu- 
tion would  not  be  able  to  struggle  with  such  a  severe  misfortune."  Joseph  Donictfr. 
in  a  letter  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  dated  "  Brompton,  near  London,  August  17th,  1780, 
says  :  "  Your  anxious  concern  for  me  during  my  cruel  persecution,  and  cordial  con- 
gratulations on  my  delivery,  are  proofs  of  your  benevolence,  etc.  etc."  Mrs.  Dometle 
was  with  him.  Thomas  Oxnard  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Biiley,  at  Cornwallis,  under  date  of 
New  York,  December  112th,  1781).  Mr.  Oxnard  says  :  "  Vour  friend,  Mr.  Doniette, 
has  got  £80  a  year  from  Government,  and  £90  more,  by  employment  from  a  friend." 

Rev.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  J.  Domette,  at  Brompton,  near  London,  under  date  of 
November  6th,  178') :  "  I  have  in  keeping  the  manuscript  you  committed  to  my  care 
at  the  conflagration  of  Falmouth."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Mr.  Joseph  Domette,  at 
London,  October  31st,  1781 :  acknowledging  tlie  receipt  of  a  letter  from  him.  Rev.  J. 
Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Wiswell,  Cornwallis,  December  4th,  1784,  and  says  :  "  I  was  fa- 
voured with  letters  from  our  brethren  Peters  and  Clark,  (then  in  London,)  and  one  from 
Mr.  Domette,  who  makes  the  kindest  inquiries  after  your  situation  and  welfare."  Rev. 
J.  Bailey  write.*,  June  13,  178-5,  to  Miss  Nye,  and  says:  "I  received,  yesterday, 
large  packet  of  letters  from  London,  written  by  Mr.  Peters,  Mr.  Clark,  Mr.  Doineti'  . 
and  others.  The  latter  is  about  taking  Orders,  probably  for  Digby."  Rev.  J.  Bailey 
writes,  June  2),  178-'),  to  .Mr.  Joseph  Domette,  London  :  "  I  am  much  pleased  with 
yo\ir  intention  of  entering  into  Holy  Orders,  but  am  distressed  to  hear,  by  Col.  Fry, 
that  you  no  longer  receive  a  pension  from  the  Government.  •  •  •  my  most  respect- 
ful compUmcnta  to  Mrs.  Domette."    Nathaniel  Coffin  writes,  August  lOth,  1791,  to 


I 


APPENDIX.  331 


Rev.  J.  Bailey:  "I  lately  heard  from  our  friend,  Mr.  Domette.  He  writes  from 
Axminster,  Devonshire,  —  says  he  has  pone  through  many  scenes  of  disappointment ; 
but  since,  I  heard  by  a  friend,  that  he  had  taken  Orders,  and  is  settled  cither  iu  Ireland 
or  Wales." 

Capt.  Campbell,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  writing  to  Joseph  Domctic,  at 

New  York,  under  date  of  Cornwallis,  February  llth,  1780,  says:  "  Capt.  Campbell, 
Commander  of  the  garrison  in  this  place,  is  a  refugee."  In  writing  to  Ilev.  J.  W. 
Weeks,  at  Halifax,  dated  Cornwallis,  February  21,  1781,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says:  "  I  beg 
you  would  take  notice  of  Johnny  Campbell,  the  bearer,  he  is  a  brother  refugee,  and  a 
favorite."  Mem. — From  a  previous  letter,  it  seems  that  this  Johnny  Campbell  wm 
the  son  of  the  above  Capt.  Campbell,  and  that  after  having  been  a  scholar  in  Mr. 
Bailey's  family,  he  was  destined  to  enter  the  Royal  Navy.  In  a  letter  to  Rev.  S. 
Peters,  in  London,  October  L5,  1782,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  speaks  of  Capt.  Campbell  being 
second  in  command  of  the  84th  Regiment,  in  June,  1780. 

Thomas  Robie,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  a  letter  to  "  Thomas  Robie,  Esq., 

at  Halifax,"  dated  Cornwallis,  February  2Gth,  1780,  says:  "The  same  spirit  which 
pushes  men  in  the  land  of  our  nativity  to  commence  t'ommittee  men,  etc.  etc.,  in 
these  regions,  engages  men  of  strong  passions  and  slender  abilities  to  become  preach- 
ers." Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  under  dnte  of  Cornwallis,  October  23d,  to  Mr.  Robie,  at 
Halifax,  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  who,  it  seems,  was  a  debtor  to  Mr.  Robie. 
Also,  in  another  letter,  of  same  date,  to  Mr.  Robie,  Mr.  B.  says  :  "  If  you  are  willing 
to  take  my  bills,  I  can  immediately  transmit  you  a  bill  of  £12  10,  which  was  due  in 
September." 

Joseph  Patten,  (of .)    Rev.  AVilliam  Clark  writes  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey,  at 

,  under  date  of  London,  December  2d,  177!',  and  says  :     "  Joseph  Patten,  Esq., 

(formerly  an  active  man  in  that  Mission,*  and  Rcprcsentativefor  that  County,)  I  think 
you  must  know,  inasmuch  as  he  once  told  me  that  he  had  for  a  while  attended  your 
ministry  when  he  lived  in  the  Eastern  Country.  I  want  tr-  know  whether  he  be  living, 
and  what  part  ho  takes  in  affairs,  publick  and  parochial,  etc.  I  wrote  him  by  Mr. 
(Rev.  J.  W.,)  Weeks.'  (This  letter  is  directed  to  Joseph  Patten,  Esq.,  CJranvillc, 
N.  S.,  and  is  dated  London,  March  23d,  1779  ) 

Majou  Rogehs,  (of .)     Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Maj.  Samuel  Goodwin, 

at  Pownalboro',  under  date  of  September  3d,  1770,  and  says  :  "  The  famous,  now  Col., 
but  once  Major  Rogers,  is  raising  two  or  three  battalions  of  men  to  range  the  Eastern 
Country,  etc  etc."  This  was  probably  Maj.  Robert  Rogers,  of  Mew  Hampshire,  of 
whom  an  interesting  account  is  given  in  "  Sabine's  American  Loyalists,  p.  .576,  8.  8. 

DowLiNO,  (of .)     John  Jones  writes.  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  May 

12,  17S2,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey.  "  Mr.  Dowling,  and  a  number  of  our  refugees,  have  been 
to  Marblehead  in  order  to  cut  out  a  twenty-gun  ship.  They  were  discovered  when  on 
shore,  and  part  went  and  cut  out  a  shallop  at  noonday,  and  got  in  safe.  Mr.  Dow- 
ling,  Towns  and  Dickey,  and  others,  went  out  of  town  at  noonday  to  Boston  undis- 
covered, and  then  got  on  board  of  .some  vessel,  came  to  Kcnnebeck,  and  got  here  safe, 
except  one  or  two  who  stopped  a  few  days  with  their  friends." 

CuMMiNOS,  (of  HoUis,  N.   11.)     Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes:  Annapolis,  Dec. 

llth,  1782,  to  Thomas  Brown,  at  Halifax.  "  We  have  two  families  of  refugees  in  the 
house,  Mr.  Cummins,  a  gentleman  from  Ilollis,  New  Hampshire,  with  a  wife  and  two 
children  from  Connecticut ;  the  other  is  Mr.  McKnown,  from  Boston,  with  two  negro 
men,  and  a  free  woman  of  the  same  complexion." 

*  AnnapolU  Royal. 


332  APT  END  IX. 

John  McKow>f,  (of  Pcmtquid,  Me.)  "  Among  other  (fellow  suifererc  from  New 
York,)  wi-  have  at  our  house  one  John  McKnown,  whoso  lather  and  frifiidn  lived  at 
Pcmnquid.  I  irnnginc  you  muitt  have  some  acqunintuncc  with  the  family.  He  in  a 
Bi>ciablc,  honcHt  young  gentleman,  newly  married,  and  his  wife  tarries  at  JS'ew  York." 
— Ucv.  J.  liailey's  Utter,  J uu.  '2d,  1783,  to  Mrs,  CuUuhan,  (furmurly  of  I'ownalbor- 
ough.  Me.) 

FoUMAN.     Rev.  J.  Duiley,  in  writing  to  the  Society,  P.  G.,  October  2S.  17^4, 

speaks  of  "  Mr.  Forman,  the  principal  Rchoolmaster  in  Di^by,  N.  S."  He  culls  him 
"a  llefugee  and  an  half-pay  oIKccr,"  and  narrates  hi»  elFortj*  to  promote  a  proper  ob- 
Rcrvance  of  the  Lord'K  Day,  by  assembling  his  pupils  for  divine  service  on  that  duy. 
These  were  joined  by  the  scholars  of  other  school?  in  the  town,  and  afterwards  by 
many  adults.    These  ellorts,  Mr.  Bailey  says,  produced  a  salutary  effect. 

Col.  (Peteu?)  Fhy,  (of  Salem,  Mass.)  Ucv.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  S.  Parker, 
July  1,  178.>,  and  speaks  of  intelligence  received  from  England  "  by  Col.  Fry,  for- 
merly of  ."Salem,  who,"  he  says,  "  resides  in  my  family."  In  writing  to  Rev.  S.  Peters, 
at  Lon(fon,  June  20,  178-'),  he  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  letters  from  him,  and  says: 
"  Col.  Fry,  the  bearer,  takes  up  his  residence  under  ray  roof."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  says, 
August  10,  17S-J,  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass  :  "  Col.  Fry,  late  of  Salem,  left  London  on  the 
ftrst  of  May,  and  now  resides  at  my  house."  Peter  Fry  writes,  Il.tlif.ix,  N.  S.,  May 
22d,  1786,  to  Rev.  J.  Bailey  .  "  I  would  assist  yuu  in  this  matter,  but  am  obliged  to 
leave  this  pait  of  the  world  for  New  Foundland." 

William  GAuniNEU.  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  to  Rev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  of  Marblc- 
bcad,  under  date  of  Pownalborough,  October  lOth,  1777:  "We  have  had  two  Tory  - 
Courts.  In  the  former  they  condemned  Mr.  William  Gardiner."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes 
also  to  Rev.  Edward  Bass,  Newburvport,  Sept.  2Ist,  1777  :  "  I  write  this  by  Mr  (Jard- 
incr,  who  is  condemned  in  a  most  extraordinary  manner  for  transportation."  To 
John  Weeks,  Es(j.,  of  Greenland,  N.  H.,  Mr.  Bailey  also  writes,  Pownalborough, 
Sept.  22d,  1777  :  "  I  have  committed  this  letter  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  who  has 
been  tried  and  condemned  without  being  allowed  the  benefit  of  the  law,  and  Is  now 
on  his  journey  to  Boston,  where  he  will  be  confined  on  board  a  guard  ship,  unless  the 
sentence  shall  be  reversed."  Also  to  Rev.  Dr.  Byles  :  "  Pownalborough,  October 
10,  1777.  I  must  refer  to  the  bearer,  Mr.  Gardiner,  for  particulars.  He  is  a 
true  loyalist,  and  h.is  from  the  beginning  opposed  the  American  measures.  No  man 
among  us  has  done  more,  according  to  his  abilities,  to  support  the  distressed  friends 
of  government."  To  Dr.  Silvester  Gardiner,  at  London,  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  Hali- 
fax, July  20th,  1770,  and  says:  "  The  malice  of  Cushing  and  Bowman  has  been  rest- 
less and  furious,  both  against  me  and  your  son.  After  long  attendance  Mr.  Gardiner 
obtained  leave  to  visit  you  at  York,  but  was  unhaj)py  enough  to  find  that  you  had 
sailed  for  England,  lie  then  returned  to  Kcnnebeck,  from  whence  he  was  driven  in 
April  last,  but  returned  June  1st." 

t      Wallace.     Thomas  Brown  writes,  Halifax,  i'eb.  Itith.  17j^''  :  "  \  man  lately 

died  with  the  small  pox  at  his  (Ed.  Dohcrty's)  house,  in  Halifax,  who  had  the  dis- 
temper as  bad,  I  suppose,  as  any  man  ever  had  it.  His  iiamc  was  Wallace,  a  refugee 
from  New  England,  a  man  of  good  character,  who  lodged  at  his  house,  and  was  per- 
suaded to  be  innoculated  by  a  Hessian  doctor,  and,  I  believe,  lust  his  life  ly  that 
meai.s." 

Nathanikl    Gakdixeu,   (of   Pownalborough.)      Rev.   J.   Bailey  writes,  Pownal- 
borough, Oct.  13,  1777,  to  Mr.  Thomas  Brown,  at :     "  The  bearer,  Mr.  Nath'l 

Gardiner,  kinsman  to  Dr.  Gardiner,  I  can  recommend  as  a  steady  fri(<nd  to  Government. 
He  has  greatly  distinguished  himself  by  using  both  his  iufiuence  and  fortune  (or  the 
support  of  those  who  have  been  persecuted  and  distressed,  &c.  ike."  John  Jones  writes, 


APPENDIX.  333 

tander  date  of  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  Sept.  4th,  1780,  to  Rev.  J.  BaiW,  at  CornwallU : 
"  Nat.  Gardiner  is  a  prisoner  witli  the  rebels  in  Caseo  gaol."  TKos.  lirown  in  u  letter, 
Halifax,  Sept.  13,  1780,  to  Kcv.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  says  :  "  Nath'l  GarJiner,  in  at- 
1.  mjiting  to  get  up  some  iron,  belonging  to  the  rebel  wrecks,"  (at  Penobucot,)  "  was 
unluckily  made  a  prisoner,  and  is  now  in  Salem  ( ? )  gaol.  His  family  is  at  Pcnob- 
Hcot."  Nathaniel  Gardiner  writes  from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  January  2l«t,  17S1,  to 
Kev.  J.  Bailey,  at  Cornwallis,  and  says  :  "  In  May  last  I  sailed  from  New  York  in 
the  armed  schooner  Golden  Pippin,  whicU  I  had  the  honour  to  command,  and  arrived 
safe  at  this  port  after  a  short  passage  with  my  family,  designing  upon  a  cruise  as 
soon  as  I  could  ship  a  proper  crew,  but  finding  hands  scarce,  and  being  advised  to  go 
up  Penobscot  River,  (by  Commodore  Mowat,)  was  unfortunately  taken  by  a  party  of 
rebels,  (being  a  detachment  of  Gen'l  AVadsworth's  rebels.)  They  immediately  pro- 
ceeded with  me  to  Brunswick,  (on  .New  Meadow's  iCiver,)  where  I  was  taken  out  of 
said  vessel  by  John  Hobby,  John  Wood,  Benjamin  Lemmon,  and  a  number  of  other 
rebels  unknown,  who  carried  me  to  said  Lemmon's  house,  and  kept  me  under  a  strong 
guard  all  night.  In  the  morning  I  was  marched  to  Dummer  Sewall's,  for  or<!er»,  who 
never  examined  me  a  word,  but  gave  orders  for  my  marching  to  Casco  goal  in  irons. 
These  orders  were  complied  with,  and  I  was  marched  down  to  Stephen  Samson's  to 
have  my  irons  on,  where  I  was  met  by  a  crowd  of  miscreants,  from  whom  I  received 
abundance  of  insults  and  menaces,  hardly  to  be  borne  with,  and  in  about  an  hour  set 
out  for  Casco.  Arrived  at  Bru'iswick,  at  Stone's,  in  the  evening,  much  fatigued.  I 
was  put  into  a  chamber,  where  four  men  guarded  me  the  whole  night,  with  the  door 
locked,  and  in  bed  in  irons.  The  next  morning  early  set  out  for  Falmouth,  where  we 
arrived  about  sunset.  In  my  way  I  was  carried  to  the  gallows,  and  told  that  that 
was  my  place.  I  was  delivered  to  one  Joseph  Prime,  then  Commanding  Oiiicer  at 
Falmouth;  and  after  searching  my  pockets,  and  taking  from  me  my  Connnission  and 
instructions  from  the  Court  of  A>'miralty,  thrust  me  into  gaol,  where  I  had  neither 
bed,  blanket,  or  anything  to  lay  on  but  the  oak  i)lank  Uoor,  with  the  heads  of  spikes  an 
inch  high,  and  .so  thick  together  I  could  not  lay  down  clear  of  them.  -Neither  victuals 
nor  drink  ordered  me,  and  a  strong  guard  set  at  the  prison,  in  which  I  lay  five  days. 
My  son  brought  me  some  money,  or  I  must  have  died  from  such  cniel  treatment  as  I 
received  at  their  hands.  I  arrived  at  Casco  prison  the  'JiUh  day  of  June,  1"N),  and 
was  indicted  for  High  Treason  the  latter  part  of  the  first  week  in  July  following,  as 
you  will  see  by  the  enclosed  copy.  I  employed  Mr.  Lowell  and  Mr.  Bradbury  for  my 
counsel,  who  were  threatened  by  the  mobility  at  the  Court  Ilousr  door  for  undertak- 
ing for  a  Tory.  At  length,  by  the  interest  and  influence  of  my  two  attorneys,  the 
case  was  continued  to  next  term.  I  tarried  in  prison  four  montho,  during  which 
time  they  never  allowed  me  the  value  of  a  p.iper  dollar  to  eat  or  drink,  but  what  I 
paid  for  as  I  had  it.     After  they  robbed  me  of  clothes,  and  even  my  pocket-book,  they 

told  the  gaoler  if  I  could  not  support  myself  I  might  die  and  be .     At  length  I 

found  means  to  break  the  prison  and  make  my  escape." 

In  a  letter  from  the  same  to  the  same,  from  saii.e  place,  dated  March  I2th,  17^1,  he 
says :  "  I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  Sally  is  married  to  Mr.  Rogers,  the 
Commissary  of  this  garrison.  Docter  CofKn  was  very  kind  to  me  while  in  prison,  and 
desires  to  be  remembered  to  you.  I  loft  Ridley  in  Casco  gaol  when  I  left  it,  for  Tory- 
ism, but,  I  am  informed,  he  is  since  gone  home."  Nathaniel  Gardiner  writes  to  Rev.  J. 
Bailey,  Cornwallis,  under  date  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  March  "iSth,  17S1 ;  "  I  send 
vou  a  copy  of  my  Indictment,  in  order  to  let  you  know  the  determination  of  the  Reb- 
els, while  in  their  power,  with  insults  and  irons  for  four  months,  without  anything 
to  eat  or  drink,  and  at  last  broke  gaol  and  made  my  escape.  Indeed,  I  am  not  able 
to  describe  to  you  my  sufferings.  They  have  robbed  me  of  all  I  had,  and  reduced  me 
to  the  lowest  ebb.     I  am  in  no  way  of  doing  anything  at  present." 

Rev.  J.  Bailey,  in  answering  tlie  above,  April   17,   1781,  says:  "I  determine  to 


;J34  ArPEN'DIX. 


transmit  a  copy  of  your  indictmont  to  Mr.  Domette  and  Mr.  Lyde,  who  have  consid- 
erable intiucncp  with  some  leading  pentlcmpn.  •  •  I  sh.ill  have  strong  induce- 
incntti  to  do  this,  both  from  molivcti  of  sympathy  and  gratitude,  for  the  many  favours 
we  formerly  received  from  your  generosity  have  laid  us  under  pressing  obligations  to 
make  tlie  most  sensible  returns  in  our  power."  In  writing  to  George  Lyde,  at  London, 
under  date  of  April  3),  I7SI,  llev.  J.  Bailey  says  :  "  Mr.  Nathaniel  Gardiner  was  for- 
merly a  Justice  in  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island,  but  lately  an  inhabitant  of  Po^vnal- 
borough,  on  the  Kennebec  U;ver.  •  •  After  being  cruelly  harrasscd  and  plundered, 
he  eicapcd  from  the  dominions  of  revolt,  and  through  various  obstructions  arrived  in 
safety  at  New  York."  II.  B.  Brown,  in  writing  to  Uev.  J.  Bailey,  Halifax,  June  29th, 
1783,  speaks  of  the  proposed  abandonment  of  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  by  the  British. 
He  continues:  "some  of  the  inhabitants  intend  for  Port  Iloseway,  others  for  Passa- 
ma()uoddy.  Mr.  (iardiner  and  family  are  for  the  former.  lie  has  been  over  there 
lately  with  a  load  of  boards,  and  has  drawn  his  lot."  llev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  N. 
Gardiner,  July  2Gth,  17f<-t :  "  I  am  anxious  to  hear  in  what  manner  you  proceed  at 
Port  Uoseway,  and  whether  you  arc  in  love  with  the  name,  Shelburne  ?" 

Charlestow.v.*    Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes,  Cornwallis,  Sept.  Gth,  1781,  tc  Rev. 

J.  \V.  Weeks  :  "  I  am  favoured  with  your  letter  by  Charlestown,  who  has  often  trans- 
ported us  over  the  river  of  rebellion  when  we  resided  at  Cambridge." 

Du.  James  Tiriri;u,  (of  Pownalboro'.)  This  gentleman  resided  at  Pownalboro',  at 
least  from  August  24th,  1772,  till  June  8th,  177o,  as  during  the  time  embraced  between 
these  two  dates  entries  are  made  in  Rev.  J.  Bailey's  Journal  of  their  exchanging 
visits  at  their  respective  houses.  In  September,  1779,  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him  at 
Newport,  R.  I.,  and  speaks  of  "our  friends  in  that  quarter,  "  meaning  Pownalboro', 
which  he  had  just  before  mentioned. 

In  a  letter  from  Kort  George,  May  12th,  1782,  it  is  said :  "  Dr.  Tupper  is  here,  and 
gives  me  the  news  from  that  quarter. f  He  has  lived  at  home  with  his  father  in  peace 
for  a  long  time."  Rev.  J.  Bailey  writes  June  10th,  1787,  to  Peter  Hunter,  Esq.,  Sec- 
retary to  the  Commissioners,  &c.,  at  St.  John,  N.  B. :  "I  enclosed  to  your  direction, 
some  time  ago,  a  certificate  respecting  Mrs.  Rebecca  Callahan,  but  as  I  am  uncertain 
whether  you  ever  received  it,  I  would  beg  leave  to  transmit  another  by  Dr.  Tupper.  a 
gentleman  with  whom  I  have  long  been  acquainted.  He  was  High  Sheriff  under  His 
Majesty.  I  know  him  to  have  been  loyal  from  the  beginning  of  the  late  revolution, 
and  that  he  has  suffered  several  severe  imprisonments  for  his  adherence  to  the  Royal 
cause."  This  application  probably  proved  unsuccessful,  as  the  subject  of  this  notice 
returned  to  Nantucket,  where  he  died. 

Bknjamin  Snow.  Mr.  Bailey  says  of  this  person,  that  "  he  made  his  escape  to  An- 
napolis in  1781."  In  a  letter  to  the  Venerable  Society,  Oct.,  1782.  Mr.  Bailey  writes: 
"  The  school  at  Annapolis  has  been  supplied  for  a  year  past  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow, 
who  received  his  education  at  Dartmouth  College  and  was  expelled  from  New  Eng- 
land for  his  loyalty."  Rev,  Dr.  Morice  in  his  reply  to  this  communication  in  Janunry 
of  the  following  year,  says :  "  The  Society  have  complied  with  all  your  requests. 
They  have  appointed  Mr.  Benjamin  Snow  their  schoolmaster  at  Annapolis,  with  the 
usual  salary  of  ten  Pounds,  commencing  on  Michaelmas  last."  In  the  spring  of  1783 
Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  the  subject  of  tliis  notice  at  St.  Johns,  iV.  B.,  to  which  place  he 
had  then  removed.  December  10th,  178.5,  Mr.  Bailey  wrote  to  Rev.  Mr.  Cook,  at  the 
above-named  place  :  "  I  ampersuadcd  thatMr.  Snowisin  very  narrow  circumstances." 


•This  may  bare  been  &  nickname  given  to  an  individual  well  known  to  Mr.  Bailey  and 
Weeks. 
*  Probabl)-  Nnntncket. 


APPENDIX.  335 

John  Lee,  (of  Concord.  Mass.)  October,  1777,  Mr.  Bailey  says :  ••  Mr.  Lee  is  cap- 
tain of  a  company  in  New  York."  To  John  Jones,  Feb.  8,  1780  :  "  Your  brother, 
Jack  Lee,  came  to  Halifax,  soon  after  the  dispersion  of  the  rebels  at  Penobscot,  and 
was  frequently  at  my  house,  lie  informed  us  that  his  brother  had  reached  New  York 
in  safety.  He  had  been  in  a  privateer  with  Nat.  Gardiner,  and  afterwards  returned 
to  Penobscot,  and  then  came  to  Halifax  in  the  Nautilus."  And  in  a  letter  written 
about  the  same  time  to  Mr.  Jonas  Lee,  at  Concord,  Mass.,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Your 
brother  Jack  was  frequently  at  my  house  in  September  last,  but  where  he  is  at  pres- 
ent I  am  uncertain." 

Capt.vix  Axtill  Gallop,  (of .)     lie  embarked  with  the  British  army  for 

Halifax  in  1776. 

Mr.  Bailey  says,  September  loth,  1781  :  "  Capt.  Gallop,  my  particular  friend,  left 
Newbury,  (Mass.)  within  this  fortnight,  and  is  now  at  Windsor." 

Thomas  Brown  writes,  Halifax,  September  I3th,  of  the  same  year  :  "  Our  friend  Gal- 
lop has  been  very  unfortunate  in  his  affairs,  having  been  captured  by  a  rebel  ship,  car- 
ried to  Guadaloupe,  whence  he  took  passage  for  Newbury,  and  lately  arrived  here,  in 
a  cartel  from  Portsmouth."  Captain  Gallop  was  at  Windsor,  N.  S.,  in  the  following 
fJovember,  as  appears  from  the  copy  of  a  letter  addressed  to  him  there. 

Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him,  August  1-3,  1782,  and  says:  "  In  the  evening  I  received  a 
■visit  from  Captain  Baxter  and  his  son.  They  inform  me  that  you  had  been  endowed 
with  a  grant  of  one  thousand  acres  of  land  upon  St.  John's.  This  intelligence  has 
excited  me  to  petition  for  indulgence  of  the  same  nature.  Our  good  friend,  Captain 
Baxter,  is  desirous  of  having  me  settle  with  them,  and,  in  that  case,  I  should  be  en- 
titled to  a  thousand  acres  as  the  first  minister." 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  at  Windsor,  N.  S.,  October  2.5th,  1782,  and  at  Parrs- 
borough,  July  10th,  178G. 

Williams.*    Mr.  Bailey  says  in  a  letter,  April  1st,  178.3:     "The  bearer, 

Mr.  Williams,  was  formerly  an  eminent  lawyer  in  New  F,ngland,  but  was  expelled  for 
bis  aversion  to  rebellion." 

James  Rogers.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  him  September  2d,  1782,  and  says  :  "  When 
did  you  receive  any  intelligence  from  Mrs.  Rogers,  your  little  son,  and  our  friends  at 
Penobscot?" 

Another  letter  from  Mr.  Bailey,  July  26th,  1781,  was  addressed  to  J.  Rogers,  at 
Shelburne,  N.  S. 

Simon  Baxter,  (of  New  Hampshire.)  In  writing  to  Joseph  Domette,  then  in  Eng- 
land, under  date  of  October  17th,  1782.  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  A  few  days  ago  I  was 
favoured  with  a  visit  from  Capt.  Baxter,  formerly  a  fellow  prisoner  with  you  in  Boston." 

Captain  S.  Baxter  says  in  a  letter:  "  Cunnab  enis.  Feb.  10th,  1783,  I  am  settled 
with  my  family  on  the  promised  land,  and  am  doing  very  well." 

Bahtholemew  Sullivan,  (of ,)  embarked  at  Boston  with  the  British  army, 

for  Halifax,  in  1776. 

Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  him  at  New  York,  July  6th,  1779;  also,  to  the  same  place, 
August  11th  of  the  same  year,  giving  him  an  account  of  the  situation  of  Gen.  McLean, 
at  Penobscot.  In  a  letter,  August,  1780,  to  Bartholemew  Sullivan,  at  New  York,  Mr. 
Bailey  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  him.  Mr.  Bailey  also  wrote,  July 
26th,  1781,  to  Mr.  Sullivan,  and  said:  "  We  have  both  pa.«sed  through  a  variety  of 
scenes  since  our  last  meeting  at  the  house  of  our  old  friend,  Dr.  Gardiner,  in  Boston." 


'  rcrhaps  Klijah,  of  Keenc,  N.  II.    Seo  Sabine's  American  Lojallats,  p.  707. 


33(i  A  1*  1'  L  .N  1)  I  X  . 

Dii.  Jonathan  IIickh,  (of  Boston,  Mass.)  Dr.  Hicks  was  in  PovmalborouRh  at  va- 
rious tinjcs  (luriuK  the  drat  six  inonthsof  177*.  Mr.  Hailcy  terms  him  Dr.  Ilicks,  "of 
Doston,"  though  he  wa«  settled  for  about  two  years  in  what  is  now  Uardiner,  Maine. 
Mr.  Bailey  w-rntc  to  hira,  August  12th,  177'l,  at  Antif^ua.  He  also  wrote,  December 
2'2d,  n^O,  and  said  :  "  By  a  letter  from  your  brother  last  winter,  I  was  informed  that 
you  were  then  well  at  Antij^ua." 

Oeouok  Lydb,  (of  Falmouth,  Maine.)  This  gentleman  wrote  to  Mr.  Bailey,  Febru- 
ary 17th,  177s :  "  1  purpose  to  go  to  (New)  York  in  the  first  frigate,  and  from  thence 
to  London.  Capt.  I'ote,  Mr.  Oxnard,  and  Mr.  Simmons,  are  all  well,  and  desire  their 
compliments."  A  letter  was  addressed  to  the  subject  of  this  notice  at  New  York, 
datc<l  July  3d,  1779,  by  Mr.  Biiloy, giving  him  an  account  of  the  sulferings  which  the 
writer  had  undergone  from  politiral  persecutions.  He  also  wrote  to  him  at  tlie  same 
place,  during  the  following  winter.  In  this  letter  he  says :  "  You  have  a  sister  mar- 
ried to  an  inhabitant  of  this  to^vn,  (Cornwallis,)  highly  bigotted  to  principles  which 
compelled  us  and  thousands  more,  to  abandon  our  beloved  homes,  and  to  explore  an 
asylum  in  distant  climes."  J.  Doraette,  in  a  letter  from  Brompton,  near  I^mdon,  Au- 
gust 17th,  1780,  gays:     "  Mr.  Lyde  is  well,  and,  I  believe,  intends  writing." 

John  Cari.kton,  (of  Woolwich,  Me.)  Mr.  Bailey  says,  April  27th,  1781,  in  a  letter 
to  Rev.  William  Clark :  "  As  to  Mr.  Carlcton,  he  is  one  of  my  old  Purishioners,  a 
man  of  the  highest  integrity,  the  most  undaunted  fortitude  and  inflexible  loyalty. 
When  the  whole  country  was  rising  into  sedition  and  mobs,  spreading  the  terrors  of 
their  rioting  into  every  region,  nothing  could  shake  his  firmness,  or  abate  his  intre- 
pidity, and  though  he  was  met  in  a  lonely  forest  by  near  two  hundred  men  in  arms, 
requiring  him  to  sign  the  solemn  league  and  covenant,  or  consent  to  be  buried  alivr. 
he  nobly  acquiesced  with  the  latter,  and  with  great  resolution  assisted  in  digging  1.  - 
own  grave:  but  finding  him  still  unmoved  with  their  menaces,  they  allowed  him  to 
escape.  There  were  generous  spirits  among  them,  swearing  that  he  was  a  brave  fel- 
low, lie  afterwards  concealed  in  his  house,  supported  and  aided  in  their  flight,  several 
unhappy  exiles.  He  was  a  friendly  benefactor  to  me  and  family,  and  it  was  from  his 
house  we  took  our  departure  for  Nova  Scotia.  But  I  am  almost  wholly  unacquainted 
with  his  story  since  that  event.  It  is  true,  I  received  a  short  letter  from  him  a  few 
days  ago,  announcing  his  residence  at  Penobscot." 

April  7th,  1781.  Mr.  Bailey  writes  to  Thomas  Brown,  and  speaks  of  having  ju 
received  letters  from  Penobscot,  "  from  our  old  friend,  John  Carlcton."  "  Mr. 
Carleton,"  he  continues,  "  was  plundered  by  the  rebels,  and  after  a  variety  of  adven- 
tures, reached  the  British  lines  in  company  with  several  young  men  of  his  neighbour- 
hood. He  is  regarded  as  a  man  of  enterprise  and  activity.  A  ntimber  of  my 
parishioners  and  ae(|u:iintance  have  lately  arrived  from  the  rebel  dominions,  among 
the  rest,  Mr.  Benoni  (Jardiner,  son  to  Nathaniel  Gardiner."  The  following  day,  in  a 
letter  to  llev.  J.  W.  Weeks,  it  is  said  :  "  Carleton  being  taken  by  a  vessel  in  the 
British  service,  and  carried  into  the  above-mentioned  port,*  was  sent  in  his  own 
schooner,  by  Col.  Campbell,  as  a  cartel  to  Boston.  But  without  any  regard  to  the 
sanctity  of  a  flag,  the  rebels  seized  his  vessel,  and  plundered  his  effects.  He  was, 
however,  fortunate  enough  to  escape,  and  with  two  or  three  young  fellows,  belonging 
to  Woolwich,  reached  Penobscot  in  safety,  leaving  a  wife  and  ten  children  to  the 
mercy  of  the  incensed  rebels."  A  letter  from  Fort  George,  Penobscot,  written  about 
a  month  later  than  the  foregoing,  says :  "  Carleton  is  gone  in  a  flag  to  Kcnnebeck  for 
some  families." 

Mr.  Bailey  addressed  the  following  to  Captain  C.  It  is  dated  Cornwallis,  N.  S. 
April  8th,  1782.     "  I  received  a  letter  from  you  last  summer,  but  was  prevented  from 

*  Penobscot. 


I 


APPENDIX.  337 

making  any  reply  by  reason  of  the  rebel  boats  and  plunderers  on  our  coast.  I  hare 
letters  from  Penobscot,  but  no  mention  of  you.  As  to  what  you  mentioned  concern- 
ing your  return  to  Kennebeck :  if  you  are  not  already  there,  I  would  beg  leave  to 
reply,  that  I  cannot  apprehend  it  would  be  prudent  for  you  to  put  yourself  into  their 
power,  and  to  what  purpose  will  be  Mr.  McCobb's  protection,  however  honest  his  in- 
tentions, when  there  is  a  power  in  the  governor  and  his  council  to  apprehend  »ny 
person  they  please,  and  to  proceed  with  him  according  to  martial  law.  It  c&nnot  b« 
denied  that,  according  to  their  laws,  you  have  been  guilty  of  treason." 

Jackson,  (of .)    Rev.  J.  Bailey  wrote  to  Mr.  Jackson  at  Pownalboro', 

Maine,  and  said  :  "  Mr.  Lee  has  lately  arrived  here  from  New  York,  and  informs  me 
that  your  brother  is  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island." 

CoFFiv,  Dr.,  (of  Falmouth,  Maine.)     In  writing  to  Rev.  Mr.  Wiswall,  April 

28th,  1781,  Mr.  Bailey  says  :  "  Dr.  Coffin  still  continues  at  I'ahnouih.  nn  inticxiiilo 
friend  of  government." 

Dr.  CA.SSIMIRE  Meyer,  (of  Pownalboro',  Maine.)  Dr.  Meyer  accompanied  Rer.  J. 
Bdiley  in  his  journey  to  Halifax,  in  June,  177'*.  When  Mr.  B.  left  that  place  for 
Cornwallis,  Dr.  M.  remained  behind.  He  was  implicated  with  Kdmund  Doharty,  in 
the  concealment  of  deserters  from  British  men-of-war,  but  was  cleared  from  the  charge. 
(See  under  E.  Doharty.)  Mr.  Bailey  says,  April  18th,  1781  :  "Mr.  Doharty  and  Dr. 
Meyer  are  just  removed  to  Penobscot."  Mrs.  R.  Callahan  writes,  Pownalboro',  Oct. 
11th,  1789  :  "  The  Meyers  are  all  well.  Cassimirehas  returned,  built  him  a  hut  on  the 
banks  of  the  Sydney,  and  lives  quite  in  the  hermit's  style.  The  name  of  the  Eastern 
River  is  altered  by  Court  to  that  of  Sydney." 

Maj.  Samuel  Goodwin,  (of  Pownalboro'.)     His  agency  in  promoting  the  settle- 
ment of  Kennebec  has  been  spoken  of. 
Mr.  Bailey  says :  "  Major  Goodwin  signed  an  address  to  Gen.  Gage." 

43 


338  APPENDIX, 


LETTETIS     AND     JOURNALS. 

The  following  letters  and  journals  were  not  inserted  in  the 
Memoir.  But  as  they  appear  to  contain  much  that  is  worthy 
of  being  preserved,  they  arc  placed  in  the  Appendix. 

PowNALnoRo',  April  8th,  1703. 
7V>  Dr.  S.  Gardiner,  Boston. 

•  •  As  to  Cobbospc,*  I  am  sorry  to  find  some  of  the  greatest  bigots  there  in  the 
land  against  tlie  Church  of  England.  I  was  lately  among  them  to  preach  a  lecture, 
but  the  people  excused  themselves  from  attending,  and  desired  that  I  would  visit  them 
on  a  Sunday.  I  however  preached  at  Capt.  Howard'8,t  and  had  a  considerable  con- 
gregation of  the  upper  settlers.     »      •       * 

PowxALnouo',  March  10th,  17CG. 
To  Rev.  IT.  Caner,  Boston. 

»  •  I  have  had  more  avocations  abroad  this  winter  than  ever,  on  the  business  of 
my  Mission,  and  have  been  several  journeys  of  twenty  or  thirty  miles  each  wayj  to 
marry  and  baptize. 

PowNALBORo',  Octobcr  15th,  1766. 
To  Mr.  Amos  Bailey. 

•  »  •  We  have  all  been  alarmed  on  account  of  the  Indians,  and  have  been 
obliged  to  quit  our  habitations,  though  there  has  not  the  least  damage  been  done  by 
them. 

1767. 

Auf^ist  \st.     At  Richmond,  at  Mr.  Xye's. 

2d—i>unday.    80  persons  at  Church.    Contribution,  £3  19  C,  0.  T. 

3d.     Mrs.  Silvester  here. 

•  ••««*• 

\Wi.    Visit  from  Mess.  Bowdoin's,  Pitts'  and  Reed's  families. 
16th— Sunday.     82  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  £2  12  0. 
20th.     Married  John  Row  and  Hannah  Chase.    60  people  present. 
27lh.     A  great  quarrel  at  Frankfort. J 
September  'th.     At  Richmond,  at  Deacon  Chase's. 

llZ/i.    At  Mr.  Iloudlette's.     Married  Philip  Mayer  and  Polly  Iloudlette.     Sixty 
people  present.     A  fine  entertainment. 
2\U.    Set  out  to  meet  Mr.  Weeks. ||     Lodged  at  Dr.  Moor's. 

•  Cobosco-contcc,  or  .Sturgeon  River,  is  the  Indian  name  of  a  stream  which  enters  tho  Kennebec  at 
the  present  city  of  Gardiner.  The  territory  near  the  Junction  of  the  two  rivers  retained  for  a  long 
time  the  namo  wliich  the  Indians  iravc  to  tlic  stream. 

t  Probably  at  Fort  Western,  In  the  present  city  of  Aufnisto. 

tThls  was  the  name  of  the  West  Trccinct  of  Pownalboro",  before  tlio  torritorj-  beorinK  that  appel- 
lation was  incorporated.  The  original  namo  appears  to  have  continued  in  popular  language  many 
year*  after  tlie  act  of  Incorporation. 

I  Rev.  J.  Wlngatc  Weeks,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Marblchcad. 


APPENDIX.  339 

22d.     Travelled  to  Skillings'  (?)  with  Capt.  Berry. 

23d.  Arrived  at  Ladd's,  (?)  but  saw  nothing  of  Mr.  Weeks.  At  night,  came  to  Mr. 
Greenwood's  and  lodged. 

2ilh.  Travelled  with  Mr.  Greenwood.  Arrived  at  Portsmouth,  and  slept  at  Col. 
Warner's. 

26lh.     Arrived  at  Newbury,  and  slept  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Bass's. 

26lh.     Changed  horses  at  Rowley.    Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

2~th — Sundai/.     Preached  for  Mr.  Weeks. 

28^.  Mr.  Weeks  procured  for  me  five  dollars.  Capt.  Walton  (?)  gave  me  one. 
Arrived  at  Marchas,  (Manchester  ?)  and  lodged  at  my  brother's. 

29lh.  Rode  to  Rowley,  and  there  found  ray  old  friend  Dr.  Moore  (:).  Spent  the 
afternoon  at  Mrs.  Woodman's. 

30th.    Rode  to  Portsmouth.    Visited  Mr.  Browne,*  and  slept  at  Col.  Warner's. 

October  1st.  Travelled  this  day  with  Dr.  Jones,  Capt.  Lovet,  and  Capt.  Woodman. 
We  all  put  up  at  Kimball's. 

2d.     Reached  Mitchell's  about  dusk. 

3</.     Reached  Dr.  Moor's,  greatly  fatigued. 

4th.     Reached  home. 

7th.     Unwell,  could  not  attend  a  funeral. 

8th.    Visited  Mr.  Lilly,  Mr.  lloudlette,  Mr.  J.  Goud,  and  Mr.  P.  Mayer. 

lUh — Sunday.     8-5  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  18*. 

12tk.     Mr.  Michels  arrived  here. 

18^/t — Suiidai/.     But  a  few  people  at  Church. 

22d.     Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  go  to  Woolwich. 

23d.  W^  come  from  Woolwich,  and  dine  at  Mr.  Preble's.  Afterwards,  I  go  down 
to  Mr.  Butler's. 

2ith.    At  Mr.  Butler's  and  Mr.  Moulton's. 

2oth — Swidai/.     Preached  at  Mr.  Drummond's.f    Baptized  two. 

26th.    Rode  down  to  Mr.  Percy's,  but  got  badly  lost. 

2~th.     Returned.     Baptized  5  children. 

2Slh.    A  severe  storm  of  rain  and  snow.    At  Dr.  Moor's,    Visited  Mr.  Winter.^ 

29th.    A  violent  stormy  wind.    At  Dr.  Moor's. 

30</t.    Rode  home. 

3l5^    Travelled  in  my  late  excursion  80  miles. 

[The  Journals  are  missing  from  November  1st,  1767,  to  April  Ist,  1709.] 

1769. 

April  5lh — Sunday.     Such  bad  travelling,  no  service. 

I'-ilh.     At  Mr.  Lilly's. II  Mr.  Goud's,  Mrs.  Patterson's,  and  Capt.  Callahan's. 
loth.     Mr.  Dunlap  here,  at  Major  Goodwin's.     Letters  from  Boston. 
I'th.     Capt.  Callahan  arrives  here,  with  a  large  packet  from  Dr.  Gardiner,  contain- 
ing a  plan  of  a  Church,  etc.    At  Mr.  Pochard's.     Baptized  Jane Carney. 

ISth.    Mrs.  Chase  here. 

2l»t.    At  Capt.  Callahan's,  Mr.  Goud's,  Mr.  Ridley's,  etc. 

23d.    Bode  over  to  Averill's.    Married  his  daughter  Lydia  to  A.  Dunlap. 


•Eev.  Arthur  Browne,  Rector  of  Queen's  Chapel. 

tin  Georgetown. 

t  Probably  Kev.  Francis  Winter,  (Harvard  Coll.,  1765.)  Tastor  of  the  Second  Cong^^atJonal  pariah 
In  Georgetown. 

I  Mr.  L.  was  an  Englishman.  He  taught  a  »cbool  for  a  number  of  years.  Contrlbutlonn  were  ralaed 
fcr  his  bcncilt,  and  those  under  his  Instruction  paid  a  fixed  sum,  but  tlic  claUdrco  of  the  poor  wer* 
taught  gratuitously. 


340  APPENDIX. 

2W/i.      At  Dr.   Ilicc's  ami   Mr.  Wood's.     Married  Nathaniel   Rundlett  to  Lydia 
Laclat  (?). 
26//i — Ea.itfr  Ihty.     Klcvcn  Communicants. 
27/A.     Chose  Parish  officers. 
30M.     At  Mr.  Chase's. 

PowN.VLBOuo',  January  5th,  1771. 
n  Mr.   W'iHiam  Gardiner. 

*  •  We  have  had  a  fine  winter  here,  and  the  people  of  Gardincrston  are  at  work 
upon  the  frame  of  their  church. 

[The  Journals  arc  missing  from  May  1st,  1769,  to  January  1st,  1772.] 

1772. 

January  13M.    At  Martin  Haley's. 

Januahy  2.5th,  1772. 
To  Mr.  William  Gardiner. 

•  •  •  I  am  invited  to  preach  at  Pond-town,*  and  other  settlements  up  the 
riTcr. 

2'ith.  Rode  to  Woolwich.  Baptized  William  and  Margaret,  children  of  William 
and  Eliza  Gilmore. 

February  '2d — Sunday.  33  persons  at  Church.  Baptized  Nathaniel  Bailey.  Myself 
and  brother,  Mrs.  Bailey,  Eliza  Pochard,  Capt.  Callahan,  Mr.  Pochard,  and  Mrs.  B. 
(iiponsors  ?) 

3d.     Judge  Cushingt  and  Rowland  Cushing  spend  the  evening  at  my  hovfse. 

7lf'.     At  Mr.  Malbonc's. 

10th.     Twenty  people  here  for  pews. 

IGlh — Sunday.     15  persons  at  Church.    Snow  3  feet  G  inches  deep. 

25th.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Wheelcr+  here. 

29M.     Mr.  Parsons  arrives  here. 

March  Sd.     Mr.  Parsons  returns  for  Portsmouth. 

6lh.  A  most  violent  snow  storm — continues  all  night.  Snow  falls  to  the  depth  of 
14  inches.     Set  off  for  Georgetown  ;  obliged  to  return. 

9th.    At  Mr.  White's. 

nth.    John  Stain  and  Gcon?e  Goud  came  to  cypher. 

April  oth — Sunday.     70  persons  at  Church.     Baptized  J.  Jacquecn. 

6/A.     At  Mr.  Herring's  funeral. 

20M.    A  violent,  cold  snow  storm.    8  people  at  the  choice  of  Church  officers. 

21»/.     At  Mr.  Ridley's  and  Mr.  Lovcjoy's. 

26th — Sunday.    8 )  persons  at  Church.     Baptized  Joanna  Carney  and  Samuel  Clensy. 

May  Hjlh.     Baptized  3  children  for  Loins. 

26th.     Baptized  Spearing  and  two  children. 

2'Jth.     Baptized  3  children  for  Emerson  ;  one  of  them  dies  suddenly  the  same  day. 

30M.     Hannah  Emerson  buried. 

JutK  2(1.     At  my  brother's.     Mr.  Gardiner. 

3d.     Mrs.  Bailey  went  with  me  to  Cobbosee. 

ith.    At  Oardinerstown.    Six  Indians. 

•Pond-town  Includes  tho  present  towns  of  Wlnthrop,  Rcadflcld,  and  part  of  Warne.— //I'jfory  o/ 
Kentifbec  Purchase.    Me.  Ill^t.  Colli..  II.  SSV 

t  Wlillum  (,'u«hlnc  wii<  tho  llrit  .liiik-"'  of  I'rolinte  In  Lincoln  County.    He  nflerwards  received  nn 
appointment  a.*  Chief  .Justice  of  tlic  .•supreme  Judicial  Court  of  SLissacliusetts.    At  a  later  dati 
Washington  appointed  him  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

\  Of  Georgetown. 


APPENDIX.  341 

6th.    Came  home. 

7t/i — SuHday.    100  persons  at  Church.    Contribution,  £1  10  0. 

13th.     At  Capt.  Twyecross'.* 

nth.     At  Capt.  Lovcjoj's.     Baptized  4  children  at  McGown's. 

23d.    At  Mr.  J.  Reed's,  Mr.  Goud's,  etc.     Esq.  Preble,  Dr.  McKechnic. 

2oth.     At  Mr.  Kendall's. 

26th.    At  Mr.  Doe's. 

20th.    Set  off  for  Falmouth. 

30th.     Arrive  at  Falmouth. 

Jidy  1st.    After  paying  several  visits,  set  off  for  home,  and  lodged  at  Loring's. 

2d.     Returned  home. 

6th.     Dr.  (S.)  Gardiner  and  son  here. 

I2th — Sunday.    55  persons  at  Church.     Scales  preaches  at  the  Court-houBe. 

19/A — Sunday.    95  persons  at  Church.     Scales  at  the  Court-house. 

22d.    At  Mr.  L.  Houdlette's.    Mr.  Gardiner  here. 

27lh.    Required  by  Col.  Cushing  to  quit  my  house  to  M. 

29//t.    M.  takes  possession  of  this  house. 

Axujvst  3d.     Mr.  Springer  here. 

5th.  A  terrible  storm  of  thunder,  lightning  and  rain,  for  G  hours.  J.  Noble'i 
house  struck. 

6th.     Went  to  Gardinerston.     Raised  their  spire. 

Wi.    At  home.     Company,  Capt.  Folger  and  Mr.  Baker. 

Vdth.     At  Mr.  Patterson's.     Baptized  Joanna  Howard. 

13///.     Mr.  Winter  preached  at  Mr.  Kidder's,  and  baptized  9  persons. 

lith.     Mr.  Winter  and  Mr.  Winthrop  here. 

lG</j — Sunday.  Opened  the  Church  at  Cobboscc.  80  persons  present.  Baptized 
Daniel  Tibbetts,  John  Door,  and  Joseph  Pike,  Adults ;  and  Louisa  Fletcher,  Theo- 
dore, Edward  and  Abiather  Tibbetts,  and  Hannah  Warren. 

22d.    At  Capt.  Smith's. 

2^d — Sunday.    90  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  £1  7  0. 

2\th.     At  Call's.     Baptized  children  for  him. 

2oth.    At  Capt.  Folger's,  to  visit  Mrs.  Pratt,  sick. 

29<//.     At  Mr.  Leure's  (?)     Baptized  his  child. 

30th— Sunday.     92  persons  at  Church.     Contribution,  £7  0  0. 

3lst.    Set  out  with  Mrs.  Bailey  for  Boston.    Tarried  over  night  at  I>r.  Moor'i. 

September  1st.    In  company  with  Mr.  Winter.     Lodged  at  Bachman's. 

2d.     Lodged  at  Littlefield's. 

3d.     Lodged  at  York. 

ith.     Lodged  at  JNewbury. 

5th.     Arrived  at  Marblehead. 

Sept.  6th — Sunday.     Preached  at  Marblehead. 

7th.     At  Marblehead. 

Sth.     At  Salem.     Arrived  at  Boston,  an  angry  interview  with  Dr.  (8.)  Gardiner. 

Olh.     Met  with  trouble  at  the  Convention. 

10th.    Dined  at  Dr.  Bylea'  in  Charlcstown. 

11th.     Returned  to  Marblehead. 

12th.     Dined  at  Mr.  Abraham's. 

13lh— Sunday.     At  Marblehead. 

lith.    Dined  at  Col.  Gallison's. 

•Robert  Twyecross  came  as  mastor  of  a  mcrchnnt  uhlp  from  Knitland  to  KcnnclxMr.  He  marrlfd 
LvJia,  dautJlitcr  of  -Maj.  S.  Goodwin,  by  wIhuii  ho  linJ  nve  clilUlrcn.  Ho  Ion  llw  cunlrv  In  time  of 
the  Kevolution,  and  became  a  Lieutenant  In  tlio  lioyal  Navy.  Ills  wife  and  chlldr.n  wont  to  him  tn 
London.    One  of  them,  Stephen  N.,  returned,  and  married  Mary  Bailey,  and  died  in  Dretdcn. 


342  AT  P  EM  D  IX. 

1.5</i.    John  Weeks  here. 

IGth.    Went  to  Boston.    Mrs.  Bailey  went  to  Greenland. 

nth.     Spent  the  day  chiefly  iit  C'harlestown. 

18/A.     Keturnid  in  the  evening  to  Murlilehead. 

VJth.     At  Salem.     Supped  at  dipt.  Webbc's. 

20tA — Sunday.     Preached,  but  very  unwell. 

21«/.     Set  out  from  Marblehead      Lodged  at  Newbury. 

22d.    Third  Mrs.  Bailey  at  North-hill.     Lodged  at  Greenland. 

23d.     Lodged  at  Cape  Natiik. 

2il/i.     In  company  with  Mrs.  Perkins,  and  the  Doctor,  lodged  at  Mr.  Trask's. 

2-')l/i.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Springers. 

26t/i.    Arrived  home  with  Mrs.  Bailey  and  her  brother,  the  Doctor. 

Oct  6lA.     Abroad  training. 

llth — ifundai/.     Disuppoiutcd  of  preaching  at  Gardinerstown ;  preached  at  home. 

l'2th.    Four  children  of  Mr.  Carney's  at  school. 

13th.    Mr.  Gardiner  lodges  here. 

PowNALBOKOUQH,  October  1.5th,  177-. 
To  Rev.  \y.    }V.    IVheelcr. 

Hev.  Sir  : — I  was  very  sorry  not  to  find  you  at  Boston,  and  was  sadly  disappointed 
in  missing  an  opportunity  of  seeing  you.  I  sincerely  regret  your  absence  from  this 
country,  which  leaves  me  wholly  e.xposed  to  the  merciless  rage,  I  will  presume  to  say, 
of  the  vilest  miscreants  on  earth.  You  have  doubtless  heard  that  I  have  been  ex- 
pelled my  habitation  ;  and  with  a  view  of  preserving  the  church  from  destruction  I 
took  a  lease  of  the  parsonage  house  for  si.v  months.  Dr.  Gardiner  was  extremely 
olfended  at  my  proceedings.  He  wanted  me  to  engage  in  a  law  suit  with  M.,  but,  in 
the  opinion  of  good  lawyers,  fully  acquainted  with  the  circumstances,  there  wiis 
hardly  a  bare  probability  of  success.  There  is  now  liberty  of  redemption  till  the  last 
of  next  July,  and  if  the  Doctor  would  compose  himself  to  reason,  the  alfair  might 
easily  be  accommodated.  But  this  gentleman  was  certainly  wrong  to  erect  the  church 
and  house  upon  disputed  lands,  contrary  to  repeated  remonstrances.  At  Convention 
I  had  a  most  melancholy  time.  The  Doctor  made  his  complaint  against  me  to  the 
clergy,  accused  me  of  sacrilege,  and,  if  I  understand  the  matter,  endeavoured  to  ob- 
tain their  interest  against  me  with  the  Society.  Two  or  three  gentlemen  were  very 
severe  against  me,  and  an  equal  number  were  in  my  favour.  At  length  the  matter 
dropped  without  any  representation  of  the  alfair  to  the  Society.  I  reckon  myself  under 
peculiar  obligations  to  Mr.  Troutbeck  and  Mr.  Winslow,  I  am  sorry,  however,  I  took 
a  lease,  though  my  intentions  were  for  the  best.  I  believe  it  would  have  been  better 
if  I  had  wholly  quitted  the  house  and  refused  to  commence  a  lawsuit  about  the  mat- 
ter ;  and  if  all  should  now  be  accommodated  I  am  in  a  very  bad  situation,  having 
already  expended  near  a  year's  salary,  and  must  be  a  slave  to  my  successor. 

2l3t.     At  Goodwin's.     All  sick  with  the  measles. 

[Extract  from  a  communication  by  Mr.  Bailey  to  one  of  the  Boston  newspapers,  No- 
vember 2d,  1772:—] 

"  The  western  part  of  this  town  is  separated  from  Wiscassctt  by  a  tract  of  unculti- 
vated land  seven  or  eight  miles  over,  and  was  chiefly  settled  by  foreign  Protestants, 
mostly  French,  about  twenty  years  ago,  in  the  neighborhood  of  which,  at  that  time, 
resided  a  Romish  Missionary,  from  Canada,  who  labored  to  seduce  the  people  both 
from  their  religion  and  the  English  interest.  His  design  being  perceived,  and  to  pre- 
vent their  children  from  being  perverted,  they  united  in  a  petition,  setting  forth  these 
facts,  to  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  F'orcign  Parts,  requesting  that 
a  Missionary  of  the  Chiuch  of  England  might  be  appointed  to  reside  among  them. 


APPENDIX.  343 

The  Society,  in  consideration  of  their  danger,  and  in  compassion  to  their  extreme 
poverty,  granted  their  petition,  and  have  ever  since  supplied  them  both  with  a  Minis- 
ter, a  number  of  Bibles,  and  many  pious  tracts.  It  must  be  e>  ident  that  no  objection 
can  be  advanced  against  supporting  a  Mission  in  that  remote  and  necessitous  part  of 
the  country  ;  and  the  ingenious  Dr.  Mayhew,  well  known  to  be  no  friend  to  the 
Church  or  the  Society,  acknowledges  that  their  conduct  in  this  instance  merits  the 
highest  applause. 

Nov.  4th.    At  Nantucket.* 

8th — Stindai/.    77  persons  at  Church.    Contribution  £3  os. 

I2lh.     At  Col.  Cushing's. 

nth.     At  Mr.  Twing's. 

Dec.  3rd — Thanlcsgiruig  Day.  33  persons  at  church.  Preached  at  night  at  Love- 
joy's,  34  persons  present. 

Qlh — Suiidai/.  G  persons  present.  At  night  baptized  four  children  of  Cleare- 
land's.  (?) 

lolh.    At  Capt.  Twyecross'. 

PowN'Ai.BOROCGH,  November  7th,  1772. 
To  Rco.  J.  Winsate  Weeks,  Marbhhcad. 

Dkak  Sill: — I  have  received  your  letter  and  the  bundle  you  sent  from  Marblchead, 
but  hear  nothing  of  the  other  by  way  of  Newmarket.  You  have  doubtless  seen  the 
pieces  signed  "  Probus"  and  "Detector."  Mr.  B.  and  his  companion  keep  them 
very  private,  and,  I  believe,  would  never  have  exposed  them  among  the  people  hero 
had  not  Callahan  opened  the  matter.  These  gentlemen  declare,  without  any  reserve, 
that  "  Probus  "  is  Dr.  Caner,  and  they  scruple  not  to  call  him  a  liar.  It  is  imagined 
that  "  Detector  "  is  Col.  C,  with  the  assistance  of  Bowman.  But  whoever  is  the  au- 
thor, it  is  a  composition  of  the  most  open  and  notorious  falsehoods.  He  asserts  that 
"  our  first  inhabitants  emigrated  from  Frankfort."  Now  before  a  single  person  knew 
of  these  publications  I  made  an  exact  enquiry,  and  found  that  not  a  single  person 
came  either  from  Frankfort,  or  from  its  jurisdiction.  He  next  declares,  that  "  no 
French  were  among  them."  It  might  with  equal  truth  be  affirmed  that  all  the  inhab- 
itants of  Kennebeck  are  Indians.  Again,  he  makes  a  mighty  parade  aUout  a  settle- 
ment began  from  Dorchester  in  1700.  In  reply  to  that,  I  am  certain  that  only  two 
families  of  Quakers  from  Scituatc  settled  in  this  place  that  year.  Besides  these, 
three  families,  two  of  European  Church  people,  and  the  other  a  Quaker,  began  in 
November  the  settlement  at  Cobbosee-Contee.  These  are  all  the  persons  who  settled 
in  Kennebeck  in  1760.  What  is  asserted  concerning  two  parishes  on  Shecpscot  Iliver 
is  equally  false,  for  there  is  but  one,  and  the  old  ordained  minister  so  largely  support- 
ed, is  blind  Prince,  whose  hearers  are  extremely  poor,  and  himself  in  almost  a  starving 
condition.  Col.  Cushing  has  declared,  since  his  arrival  from  the  westward,  that  had 
not  my  attachment  to  Dr.  Gardiner  been  so  great,  I  should  not  have  had  an  enemy  in 
Pownalborough,  and  he  hintetl  thit  it  was  yet  in  my  power  to  secure  the  friendship 
of  every  one.  This,  perhaps,  was  said  for  some  ensnaring  purpose.  His  opinion  and 
yours,  that  but  few  woiild  go  to  church  if  they  were  obliged  to  contribute  to  its  sup- 
port, is  contrary  to  my  notion  of  the  matter.  More,  I  am  persuaded,  would  be  willing 
to  pay  towards  the  church  t'.ian  the  meeting,  but  were  both  to  be  maintained  here  by 
the  people,  some  would  certainly  turn  Quakers  to  avoid  taxes.  An  exchange  with 
(Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  would  be  agreeable  to  me,  but  I  cannot  think  that  there  is  the 
most  distant  prospect  of  his  accepting  the  offer.  The  aff.iir  was  mentioned  •ome 
time  ago,  and  I  was  informed  that  it  was  disagreeable  to  my  hearers. 

*  Four  persons  fTom  the  Island  of  Nantucket,  Mass.,  purchased  a  farm  In  the  northeaatcrtjr  part  of 
Pownalborough,  and  gave  the  namn  of  their  former  rc^ldenco  to  their  pnrchMo. 


344  APPENDIX. 

Deetmbtr  ISth.  •  •  •  I  cannot  avoid  mentioning  the  extraordinary  generosity  of 
our  people.  Wo  have  not  bought  any  kind  of  moat  since  wc  came  home,  and  yet 
have  been  plentifully  Hupplicd.  Hcsides  meal,  butter,  and  a  great  plenty  of  vege- 
tables,  Mrs.  llailey  «ay»  we  have  meat  enough  to  last  us  a  month,  bc&rco  a  family 
have  failed  to  contribute  something. 

1')th^Christmas  Dai/.     32  persons  at  Church. 
2Gth.     >io  ice  in  the  river  except  a  little  run. 

30^/*.     A  fine,  clear,  warm  day.      Flics   playing  about  in  the  fields  like  Bummcr. 
•Wind  S.  W. 
3l$t.    Scarcely  any  ice  in  the  river. 

[At  the  end  of  this  journal  arc  the  following  names.  Some  of  them  are  known  to 
have  been  children  at  the  time,  all  were  young  persons.  They  may  have  been  mem- 
bers of  a  school  which  Mr.  Bailey  taught,  or  perhaps  Catechumens  in  his  parish; 
Molly  Eloudlctte,*  Becky  Nye,  Becky  Emerson, f  Sarah  Emerson,*  Hannah  Emerson, 
Peggy  McGown.il  Jenny  McGown.J  Molly  McCiown.lI  Molly  Clensy,  Betty  Ken- 
dall,••  Mary  Carlo.ft  Jenny  Pochard, J+  Katy  Carlow,  Lydia  Goodwin,  Nancy  Good- 
win, Sally  Ridley, II II  Chirlottc  Smith,  Molly  Carney,  Polly  Lovejoy.f^^  Fanny  Lovejoy, 
Sally  Andros,  Iluthy  Carney,  Dolly  lioudlette.lill  Anna  C.  lloudlctte,*',*  Martin 
Carlow,  George  Pochard,  William  Kendall,  Thomas  Burns,  James  Patterson,  Amos 
Holland,  James  liidley,  John  Ridley,  Francis  Ridley.] 

1773. 

[The  Journal  for  January  is  missing.] 

PowxALBORo',  Feb.  6th,  1773. 
To  Rev.  J.  Wingale  Weeks,  Marblchead. 

Dear  Sir: —  •  »  •  •  I  should  be  glad  of  your  resolution  of  the  following 
case.  I  lately  published  a  young  fellow  to  Mr.  Ridley's  daughter  immediately  after 
service.  Another  young  woman  forbad  the  banns,  alledging  that  he  was  under  en- 
gagements to  her.  The  next  morning  they  paid  me  a  visit,  and  the  man  acknowl- 
edged that  he  had  solemnly  promised  himself  to  both,  and  begged  that  Esther 
Kendall,  the  girl  present,  would  release  him.  She  declared  herself  willing,  but  was 
under  scruples  of  conscience  on  account  of  her  promise,  which  was  in  the  following 
words:  "  I  wish  I  may  never  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  heaven  if  I  marry  any  other 
man,"  and  desired  me  to  give  my  opinion.  After  a  long  dispute  the  fellow  declared, 
before  witnesses,  in  favour  of  the  girl's  character,  and  gave  his  consent  that  his  pub- 
lishment to  her  rival  might  go  on,  but  the  nest  day  Mrs.  Ridley  forbad  it  again,  and 
the  poor  fellow  was  left  absolutely  destitute,  for  Esther  absolutely  refuses  to  marry 
him,  but  imagines  herself  obliged  by  her  promise  to  live  single  all  her  days.  Now  I 
should  be  obliged  if  you  would  give  mc  your  sentiments. 

February  "ith — Sunday.    A  storm  of  snow,  8  inches.     No  scivico  in  church. 

2iUh.     At  S.  Marson's. 

2>5M.     Baptized  Benjamin  Lawrence. 

2Glh.    Mr.  Gardiner,  Dr.  McKccknic  and  Mr.  Goodwill. 

*  Married  O«or|to  Mayor.  f  Married  John  Stain.  t  Married   Eliphnlct  Dudley. 

II  Married  Cul.  Cnrgill.  $  Married Manon.  V  Married  Gei>rpo  Mnson. 

••  Married  Paul  FIcckford.  ft  Married White.  tt  Married  John    .MrGown. 

III!  .Married  Dr.  Tlienliajcl.  i^',^  Married Dinsmore.    tTT  Married  Ahraliam  Pago. 

•«•  Married Bccklurd.  Mrs.  lieckford   is  now  living,  and  was  93  yean  of  age  June 

10th,  1863. 


APPENDIX. 


:i45 


March  2d.    Ran  out  the  Church  land  with  Mr.  Goodwin  nnd  Dr.  .McKc>ckQie. 

3d.     Baptized  Mr.  Kendall. 

5th.     At  Mr.  ClatclicH's,  (at  Bowdoinham.) 

Ge/i.    At  John  Barker's. 

IK/i.     Baptized  Hannah,  Joanna,  Nathaniel,  and  Elizabeth  Haley. 

lilh — Sunday.     HI  people  at  church. 

rowNAi.nono',  March  1.5th,  1773. 
To  Rev.  J.   H  innate  TFfeArs,  Marblchead,  .Mann. 

It  is  above  three  months  since  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  tou.  I 
hope  no  misfortune  has  l)efallen  you  or  your  family.  I  am  very  uneasy  in  my  prcuent 
situation,  and  what  gives  me  the  greatest  vexation,  is  the  scandal  which  was  thrown 
upon  me  by  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  so  readily  believed  by  several  of  my  brethren,  who,  with- 
out a  proper  knowlcdcre  of  the  law,  or  any  acquaintance  with  the  crcumstanccs  of  atfairs 
were  disposed  to  condemn  me.  In  the  Hrst  place  it  is  evident  by  a  standing  law  of  the 
Province,  (see  p.  370,)  that  no  F.piscopal  minister  can  alicne  any  lands  or  possesnions 
of  the  Church,  without  the  concurrence  of  his  Wardens  and  Vestry  ;  and  next,  if 
there  is  any  foundation  for  a  law-suit,  it  must  be  carried  on  in  their  names,  which 
they  absolutely  refuse,  every  one  declares  that  he  had  rather  pay  his  proportion  to 
redeem  it ;  and  besides,  upon  lately  running  »  ut  the  land  by  a  sworn  surveyor,  we  were 
able  to  correct  several  mistakes.  The  land,  of  which  M.  gave  me  a  lease,  falls  without 
our  grant  from  the  Plymouth  Company,  and  therefore  could  by  no  means  affect  our 
title  to  the  parsonage,  then  the  house  is  found  to  stand  upon  land  of  which  he  pave 
me  no  lease,  and,  to  our  great  satisfaction,  we  find  the  church  is  without  the  limila  of 
the  Major's  claim,  and  with  it  about  thirty-five  acres  of  land. 
But  to  make  the  matter  plain,  I  have  annexed  the  following  scheme  : 


Jordan's  lot,  of 
which  M.  gave  me 
a  lease. 


,  The  Church  A 
lonci  without  the 
Uajor's  claim. 


Klor'9  lot  on  which 
the  house  stonUs. 


By  this  you  will  perceive  that,  though  the  church  and  a  pretty  lot  of  l.ind  are  secure, 
yet  the  house  is  on  Goodwin's  claim,  and  further,  that  by  paying  the  money,  we  shall 
have  nearly  fifty  acres  more  than  our  grant  specifies. 

M.  is  so  chagiined  at  this  discovery,  that  he  is  preparing  to  build  a  mecting-houar, 
and  declares  that  he  will  have  the  parsonage  for  a  dissenting  minister.  Mr.  Kidlcy, 
the  bearer,  determines,  if  possible,  to  procure  the  money  for  paying  off  M.,  and  to  ob- 
tain a  deed  of  Goodwin,  for  which  he  will  offer  security.  I  am  certain,  as  I  hinted  to 
you  before,  that  whoever  should  advance  the  money  and  take  the  hotisc  and  land  for 
security,  would  have  a  fine  bargain,  for  more  has  been  offered  for  Nonlcn's  lot  alone, 
•without  any  house,  than  M.  demands.    Il  you  could,  cither  by  your  advice  or  olher- 

44 


34G  APPENDIX. 

witr,  nsnist  mc  in  settlinf^  this  unhappy  affair,  it  would  giro  mc  extreme  satisfaction  ; 
but  not  having  received  a  Rtngle  line  in  answer  to  a  number  of  letters,  I  am  greatly 
opjJre.Hscd  with  melancholy  dejection. 

Far  ilUtant  fpun  ttio  ploanInK  aceneii  of  life, 

Krum  all  tho  Juvh  which  rnicroj  frlendahlpa  glre; 

Aiiilil  the  «oii»  of  iiialUr  ami  ol  ulrlfc, 

WhiTo  di»curd  raKCD  I  um  ilooiucd  to  live. 

I  cannot  forbear  making  «omo  severe  reflections  upon  the  conductof  the  generous  Mr. 
Hancock  ;  for  when  we  consider  that  upon  Kennebeck  there  arc  seven  new  scttletnentn 
beside  I'ownalboro",  extremely  poor  and  destitute  of  any  religious  worship,  which 
would  have  gladly  received  his  bounty  ;  when  we  reflect  that  he  has  no  interest  within 
several  miles  of  this  jilare,  and  that  his  offer  is  received  here  with  general  dislike,  his 
generosity  cannot  proceed  from  a  truly  pious  and  benevolent  principle,  but  from 
malice  to  the  Church  nf  Kiigland,  and  a  violent  party  spirit  or  opposition  to  L)r. 
Gardiner.  I  am  certain  from  what  already  apjjcars,  that  it  will  throw  us  into  the 
greatest  confusion,  and  promote  a  multitude  of  quarrels.  One  of  their  committee  men 
for  building  their  meeting-house,  who  was  esteemed  the  only  conscientious  dissenter 
amnng  them,  now  declares  himself  a  churchman  from  principle,  and  lately  told  me 
that  if  they  proceeded,  I  bhould  be  welcome  to  his  rates. 

April  l/ilh.     Baptized  Sarah,  daughter  of  James  Goud. 

'2%th.  Mr.  "William  Gardiner  put  me  in  possession  of  the  parsonage  house  and  land 
in  Poxmalborough,  by  virtue  of  a  power  from  Major  Goodwin,  in  the  presence  of  Capt. 
Merone,  John  Stain,  Peter  Pochard,  and  Christopher  Jacqueen. 

May  \st.     Married  Capt.  Ward  and  Alice  Graves. 

2d — Sunday.  80  people  at  church.  Contribution,  17».  Baptized  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Louis  and  Mary  Iloudlcttc. 

9//i — Sunday.    'Jo  people  at  church.     Baptized  Dolly,  Frederick,  and  Betty  Jacqueen. 

\Qlh — Sunday.    0')  people  at  church.     Contribution  £t  10». 

2Sth.    Mr.  Brackett  arrived  from  abroad. 

30lh — Sttnday.     110  people  at  church.     Contribution  £1  IOj.  9d. 

June  3rf.     At  court.     Bid  off  at  vendue  Mrs.  Brackett's*  lot. 

6/A — Sunday.     100  people  at  church.     Contribution  £2  3». 

7t/i.     Mr.  Brackett  returned  home. 

lOlh.  A  most  severe  and  violent  storm  of  wind  and  rain,  intermingled  with  show- 
ers of  hail,  continues  from  12  at  night  till  near  12  in  the  morning ;  does  great  damage, 
and  blows  down  an  immense  number  of  trees  and  some  buildings.  Very  cold  ;  wind 
8.  K. 

12/A.     Baptized  Sarah  Pratt,     do  up  to  Gardinerstown.     Arrive  at  10  at  night. 

\'.il/i — Sunday.  At  Gardinerstown.  104  people  at  church.  Contribution  £8  55. 
Returned  after  service  and  baptized  Sarah  Warren  and  Molly,  and Parker. 

I'Jth.     (Hev.)  Mr.  Badger  arrives. 

20tA— Sunday.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Badger  preached,  P.  M.     Contribution,  £2  Ids. 

22d.     (Kcv.)  Mr.  Badger  returns  home. 

27th — Sunday.     10,1  persons  at  church.     Contribution  for  Mr.  Lewis,  £23  d(. 

30Ui.     On  board  Capt.  Callahan.     Mr.  Ilitchins  camo  to  board  here. 

July  Sth.     Baptized  two  infants. 

Ith.    At  Deacon  Chase's.     lie  is  moving  up  the  river. 

\2th.     Married  George  Stilphen  and  Molly  llidley. 

July  nUi.     At  night  a  prodigious  Aurora. 

20//i.     Mr.  Gage,  from  London. 

•  8lstcr  of  Mrs.  BaUey. 


APPENDIX.  347 

21s/.  Went  to  Georgetown  with  Mrs.  Bailey.  Baptized  James,  son  to  Junes  and 
Susanna  Thorn. 

22rf.     Returned  from  Georgetown. 

25lh — Sunday.     100  people  at  church.    Contribution,  £2  10». 

27th.     Dr.  Moor  moves  from  Georgetown. 

29</«.     At  Dr.  Tupper's  and  Mr.  Eldredge's. 

August  Is/ — Sunday.  Preached  at  Cobbosscc-contee.  IGO  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  22.     Contribution,  £9. 

4th.  *  At  home.     Supped  at  Maj.  Goodwin's  with  Dr.  (S.)  Gardiner. 

5th.     Attended  Dr.  Gardiner,  and  dined  with  him  on  Swan  Island. 

6th.     Baptized  Anna  Springer. 

12/A.     Baptized  Betty  and  Hannah  Aland. 

22d — Sttuday.  In  the  morning  thunder  and  heavy  rain.  M  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  Peter  Pochard ;  Godfathers,  George  Mayer  and  Christopher  Jacquccn  ;  God- 
mother,   Houdlette. 

2'Jth — Sunday.  132  persons  at  church.  Baptized  John  Goodwin ;  Godfather,  Ste- 
phen Marson.     Contribution,  £3  Ion. 

SOth.    Set  off  for  Boston  in  company  with  Dr.  Tupper.    Lodged  at  Stone's. 

31«/.     Lodged  at  Marsh's. 

September  1st.     Lodged  at  Morreil's,  in  Berwick. 

2d.     Lodged  at  Jo.  Brackett's,  in  Newmarket. 

3d.     Arrived  at  Mr.  Badger's,  in  Haverhill. 

4th.     At  Haverhill. 

oth — Sunday.     Preached  at  Almsbury.     Contribution,  £3  is. 

6th.     Set  out  from  Haverhill.     Lodged  at  Manchester. 

7th.     Reached  Marblchead  at  10,  Boston  8  in  the  evening. 

8th.     At  Convention,  14.     Mrs.  Bailey  arrived  by  water. 

9th.     At  Convention.     Dined  at  Mr.  Troutbeck's. 

10/A.     Dined  with  Mrs.  Bailey  at  Dr.  Gardiner's. 

llth.     Mrs.  Bailey  went  to  Marbkhcad. 

I2th — Surulay.  Preached  in  Christ  Church,  morning ;  in  King's  Chapel  in  the  even- 
ing.    Supped  at  Dr.  Gardiner's. 

13/A.     Rode  to  Marblchead. 

14/A.    At  Mr.  Wecks's. 

15th.     Visited  Mrs.  Bourn  at  her  country  seat. 

\6th.  On  Cat  Island  at  the  raising  of  an  hospital  80  feet  long,  22  feet  wide,  3  ato- 
ries.     Present,  80  men.     112  sail  in  sight. 

\7th.    At  Salem.    Visited  (Rev.)  Mr.  McGilchrist. 

ISth.     At  Mr.  Wceks's  and  Capt.  Webber's. 

\Wt— Sunday.     Mrs.  Bailey  and  I  stood  for  Mr.  Weeks's  child. 

20//i.     Set  out  for  home.     Stopped  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Bass's. 

21s/.     At  Brackett's,  in  Newmarket. 

22</.     Dined  at  Col.  Chadboume's.     Lodged  at  Kimball's. 

23rf.     Lodged  at  Mitchell's,  North  Yarmouth. 

24//i.     Arrived  home  about  7  in  the  evening. 

2G/// — Sunday.     100  people  at  Church.     Contribution,  10». 

October  Hlh.    Married  Caleb  Barker. 

31s/ — Sunday.     100  persons  at  church.    Contribution,  £1  it. 

POWN.VLBOROIOH,  NoT.  Itt,  1773. 

Messrs.  Mills  i^  Tlicks,  Boston. 

Gentlemen  : —  ♦  •  •  •  I  have  hitherto  employed  much  of  my  leisure  in  writing, 
without  ever  yenturing  to  otfer  any  of  my  productions  to  the  publick,  and  I  find 


348  APPENDIX, 

amonfi;  ray  paper*,  almost  finished,  a  spelling-book,  upon  a  diircrent  plan  from  nnj 
hitherto  puMitUotl.  I  bcnin  with  Icsnonn  of  one  syllablo,  and  then  proceed  to  two, 
thn-e,  \°c.  Kach  IcRHon  ronHJKtH  of  xhort,  cntcrtnininf^  Ktories,  single,  or  dialnf^ues 
suitable  to  the  rapacity  of  children,  and  calculated  to  instruct  tliem  in  some  important 
porta  of  their  duty.  After  a  Hhort  sketch  of  natural  history,  and  a  vsricty  of  useful 
observations,  I  have  added  a  short  system  of  morals,  with  familiar  examples,  a  com- 
pcnd  of  geography,  and  a  number  of  curious  tables.  It  may  be  contained  in  ten  or 
twelve  sheets.  If  you  im.igine  it  would  be  acceptable  to  the  publick  please  favor  mo 
with  a  line  by  Capt.  Callahan.  * 

FOWNALDORO',  Nov.  1st.  1773. 
To  Mr*.  Susanna  llttikin.  Fore  SIrcrl,  near  the  DrawMdf/e,  Itoston. 

Madam  : — W'c  shall  be  extremely  obliged  if  you  would  get  Mrs.  to  make  six 

yards  of  fringe  for  our  pulpit .     We  have  got  very  handsome  tassels  and  therefore 

shall  not  want  any.  If  you  could  have  it  done  by  next  trip,  I  will  procure  some  i>er- 
BOD  to  call  upon  you  for  it  with  the  money. 

^'orember  2d.     Married  Samuel  Marson  and  Jenny  Millar. 

\ith — Simdfii/.    80  persons  at  church.    Contribution,  16«.     Baptized  Francis  Stil- 
phen. 
nth.    Mr.  Gardiner,  Mr.  Hazard,  and  Dr.  Hicks  here. 
2J)th.    Married  George  Mayer  and  Molly  Houdlcttc. 

Pow.VALBORo',  Nov.  26th,  1773. 
To  Meisn.  Mills  and  IJicks,  Boston. 

I  have  been  favored  witli  your  letter,  and  have  received  one  of  Bickerstafls  Alma- 
nacks. They  arc  in  so  much  esteem  among  us  as  to  prevent  the  sale  of  any  others. 
I  am  sorry  to  find  the  eastern  road  so  very  incorrect.  Several  good  publick  houses 
are  omitted  and  other  inserted  which  have  no  existence,  besides,  the  distances  arc  very 
imperfect.  I  thought  myself  perfectly  qualified  to  give  a  correct  account  of  this 
road,  having  travelled  it  above  thirty  times;  for  this  reason,  and  in  compliance  with 
your  re({uc8t,  I  sent  you  an  exact  list  of  the  publick  houses,  and  their  distances,  from 
Boston  to  Quebeck,  and,  as  the  road  is  measured,  I  could  not  possibly  be  mistaken  in 
the  latter.  But  since  my  letter  may  have  possibly  miscarried,  I  have  enclosed  another, 
(if  it  arrives  time  enough,)  for  your  Register.  At  the  desire  of  Mr.  Mills  I  have  in- 
serted an  exact  account  of  all  the  religious  societies  in  this  country  according  to  their 
foundation. 

Georgetown,  Enxmerson,  Winter;  Pownalboro'  ;  NeiDcattU,  (P.)  vacant;  Urittol, 
McLane;  IVoolvich,  Winship ;  Topsham,  (P.)  vacant;  Boding/iam,  vacant;  (iardi- 
nfr.»/on,  (K.)  vacant ;  ll'illotcell,  none;  Wlnslow,  none;  VasMlboroiujh,  none;  ITin- 
Ihrop,  none;  llootldtay,  Murray  ;  Uroatlhay,  (L.)  Shefford  ;  St.  Georgu,  vacant;  Penob- 
scot, x^ctLUt;  J/ai/iicu,  vacant ;   Goldsborotu/h,  \acatit. 

I  would  remark  that,  in  the  western  district  of  Pownalborough,  where  I  live,  there 
never  was  any  other  society  except  the  Episcopal,  neither  meeting-house  nor  commu- 
nicants of  any  other  persuasion.  Therefore,  to  insert  a  vacancy  here  would  be  very 
wrong.  In  every  other  settlement  where  there  is  a  meeting-house  raised,  or  a  body 
of  communicants,  but  no  minister,  I  have  put  down  "vacant,"  but  in  those  towns 
where  there  is  neither  I  thought  it  proper  to  write  "  none." 

30th.     Eight  men  building  a  hovel.* 

December  Hth.    Married  Mr.  Malbone. 


•  Id  the  early  pcrlo.1  o(  the  settlement  poverty  prevented  the  erection  of  framed  and  boarded 
bani<«.  Inntend  of  thc««>  fnurwnllsof  Iocs  were  raised,  wblcb  were  roofed  often  timet  only  with 
tNuk.    Such  buildlngawcr*  called  "hovels." 


APPENDIX.  349 

^   ,.      ,        „  .,  PowTJALroBo',  Dee.  ISih,  1773. 

To  Mr.  Amoi  liadey,  (at .) 

Dear  BiioTHEU: —    »      *      •      •      We  have  a  man,   one  Carter,  in  j»il  for  the 

murder  of  Josiah  Parker.  The  prisoner  has  no  chance  for  his  life.    It  i«  vcrj  rvmuk- 

able  that  we  have  had  five  or  six  murders  committed  up»n  Kenncbeck  river  nincc  my 

residence  here,  and  that  neither  the  murderers  nor  the  persons  killed  ever  frequented 

any  Divine  Worship. 

2oM — Christmas.  A  storm  of  wind  and  rain ;  snow  »11  gone,  and  ice  breaks  up.  30 
persons  at  church.  Dr.  Moor  and  wife,  my  brother  and  wife,  0.  Mayer  and  wife,  and 
Gookin  here  at  dinner. 

At  the  end  of  the  Journal  for  this  year  the  following  names  arc  inserted.  Sarah 
Emerson,  Betsey  Nye,  Lazarus  Goud,  Mary  Iloudlette,  William  Kendall,  George 
Clensy,  Mrs.  H.  Bailey,  Esther  Kendall,  Betty  Goodwin,  James  Goud,  M  lly  Parin, 
Sally  Ridley,  Polly  Lovejoy,  Lydia  Goodwin,  Mrs.  Mary  Iloudlette,  Charlotte  Smith. 

17  74. 

January  \Zth.    Andrew  buried. 

\C)th — Sunday.  50  persons  at  church.  Baptized  Stephen  Nymphaa  Twyccross  and 
David  Person  Bailey. 

17^».    Married  Daniel  Dudley  and  Susy  Densmnre. 

February  \st.  Set  out  for  a  journey  up  river.  Lodged  at  Mr.  Gardiner's.  Baptized 
William  Gardiner  Warren. 

2d.  At  Esq.  Uoward's.  Lodged  at  John  Gatchell's.  At  Mr.  Hoby's,  Petly's,  and 
Fort  Halifax. 

^l.  Accompanied  by  Dr.  McKecknie  five  miles  ;  arrived  at  Deacon  Chase's  a  little 
before  dark. 

4<A.    Went  up  to  Mr.  Hey  wood's.     Saw  several  Indians. 

5th.     Visited  the  Indians,  Capt.  Out's,  and  several  of  the  new  settlers. 

Feltruary  Glh — Sunday.  40  persons  present.  Baptized  Eliza  Pratt,  Bcnja.  Noble, 
Priscilla  Emery  and  Joanna  Malbonc. 

"tth.  Rode  to  Mr.  Petty's.  Baptized  Sarah  Spencer,  Amos  Pochard,  Abigail,  Mary, 
Isaac,  and  Charles  Pechin,  and  Mary  and  Martha  Collar. 

8//4.  At  Esq.  Howard's,  Mr.  Gardiner's.  Baptized  Enis,  aged  128  ( ?  )  and  John, 
Thomas,  Polly,  Matthew,  and  Nelly  Gaslin. 

9M.     At  home. 

21*/.     Committee  meeting. 

23if.     At  Capt.  Callahan's.     Met  Dr.  Hicks,  from  Boston. 

2.5/A.    Open  Andrew's  grave.     Find  his  body  gone.*    Present,  12  pcraona. 

Mardt  3rf.     Rode  to  Mr.  Gardiner's. 

March  ith.  At  Mr.  Hankcrson's  and  Cowen's.  Baptized  Polly  and  James  Cowen. 
Lodged  at  Mr.  Gardiner's. 

•"yt/i.     Arrived  home. 

G(h — Sunday.     Cloudy,  and  lieavy  rain.     70  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  6i. 

April  '2d.     Baptized  Thomas  Brian.     Crossed  on  the  ice. 

\2th.     Ice  breaks  up  in  the  Kennebeck. 

13//i.     At  nii;ht.     Bodfish  and  Mercy  Goodwin  come  to  be  married,  but  refuse*!. 

lillt — Fast  Day.     30  persons  at  church. 

2Uh — Sunday.     100  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  \<\i. 

28th.     This  day  Peter  Nephew  and  hi,i  wife  Jenny  ran  away. 

May  7th.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Weeks  and  Mr.  Ward  arrive  here. 

*  A  negro  slave  of  Major  S.  Gootlwln.    His  boAj  waa  OMd  for  th*  purpow  of 


350  APPENDIX. 

9/A.     On  board  Capt.  CalUhan.    Three  tcsscIs  in  the  eddy,  loading  at  Dr.  Moor's. 

Ut/i.     (Rev.)  Mr.  Wc-ckii  dctn  oil"  lioinc. 

I'.it/i.     Mrs.  Bailey  delivered  of  a  daufjhtcr,  about  8  in  the  morning. 

22d — Suntlay.  100  persons  at  church.  Contribution,  £1,  2,  G.  Baptized  Mary 
Bailey. 

3()//i.    The  child  dies  about  daylight. 

31V.     The  child  buried  ;  -W  persons  at  the  funeral. 

June  10//i.  Mr.  Gardiner's  boy,  Jo,  suddenly  killed.  (Rev.)  Dr.  Shefford*  and  an- 
other stranger. 

IGfh.     B.iptizcd  Margaret  Patterson,  daughter  of  P.  Call. 

IS/h.     Kode  down  to  (Jcorgetown.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Drximmond's. 

loth.  Baptized  Patrick  Drummond,  Mary  Pcchlin  (?;,  Hannah  Ilallowcll  Rogers, 
and  Klija  Williams. 

2nM.     Kode  home. 

2olh — Siindai/.     120  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  £2,  17,  0. 

Juli/  'Ht/i — Sundai/.  Showers.  Warm  and  muggy  weather.  30  persons  at  church. 
Baptized  James  Carney. 

Aiit;ual  Ist.     Baptized  Jane  Nephew. 

10//(.     At  Cobbosee-contee. 

29//i.    Abroad  ;  brought  home  12  sheep. 

t>ej)tember  ~t/i.  Set  ott"  with  Dr.  Tuppcr,  for  Boston.  Lodged  at  Stone's.  Insulted 
the  next  morning. 

8//*.     Lodged  at  Milliken's.     Ill  treated. 

9/A.     Lodged  at  York. 

lOt/i.     Dined  at  Col.  Warner's.     Lodged  at  J.  Weeks*. 

Sep(embir  \Uh — Stwday.     Lodged  at  Newbury.    The  country  all  in  commotion. 

I2lh.     Arrived  at  Marblchcad. 

13//*.     Reached  Boston  about  sunset. 

lith.     Convention  Sermon  preached  by  Mr.  Scargent. 

Uth.    Dined  at  (Rev.)  Mr.  Walter's. 

IGlh.     Rode  to  Marblchcad. 

I7th — Suntlay.    Preached  at  Marblchcad.     Baptized  3  children. 

lS(h.     At  Salem. 

19M.     Bound  homeward.     Lodged  at  North-hill. 

2fkh.     Dined  at  J.  Weeks'.     Lodged  at  York. 

21»^     Lodged  at  Falmouth. 

22</.     Lodged  at  Mrs.  Loring's. 

23W.     Mobbed  at  Brunswick.     Got  home  at  night.     Mr.  CJardiner  at  my  house. 

20//i.     Abroad,     lied  from  the  mob.     Lodged  at  George  Mayer's. 

'27lh.     At  fieorgc  Mayer's. 

28//i.     Returned  home. 

29</<.    Stephen  Marson  buried. 


To 


PowNALDORo',  Octobcr  — ,  1774. 


Dkau  Siu:  —  We  have  been  in  the  greatest  confusion  and  distress  imaginable,  oc- 
casioned by  continual  mobs  and  insurrections.  The  day  before  my  arrival  at  Fal- 
mouth, five  hundred  men  in  arms  had  been  to  visit  Mr.  Tyng,  who  was  mobbed  a  few 
days  before,  at  North  Yarmouth.    The  country  was  in  such  a  violent  commotion,  that 

•A  LntlifTBn  mInUtcr,  sottloil,  at  that  time,  nt  Hrondbay,  now  Woldoboroiich.  Aflcr  Mr.  UbIIov 
IcA  rownalhoruugh.  Dr.  Shcfronl  wiu  iiont  for  an<l  baptized  Ibc  children  of  Ocorgc  oiid  M.  J.  Mayer, 
members  of  Uic  congrcgatiou  of  St.  John's  Church. 


AFFENDIX.  351 

my  friends  advised  me  not  to  lod^c  at  a  publick  house.  The  next  day,  being  Friday, 
Col.  Gushing  rctuniinsr  homo,  was  surrounded  by  twenty-five  men  in  arms  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  woods.     They  called  him  a Tory,  and  demanded  a  surrender  of  his 

commission.  He  assured  them  that  he  had  taken  none  under  the  present  govern- 
ment, and  after  distributing  money  among  them,  he  was  suffered  to  escape.  The  next 
day,  about  noon,  I  was  stop])cd  at  Stone's,  in  Brunswick,  and  accused  of  being  a 
.Tory,  and  an  enemy  to  my  country.  They  urged  me  to  sign,  and  upon  my  refusal, 
protested  they  would  visit  me  and  Col.  Cashing  the  following  week.  I  arrived  at 
Pownalboro'  about  dark,  where  I  found  the  people  in  great  consternation.  A  furious 
mob  at  Georgetown  were  running  about  in  search  of  tea,  and  compelling  people,  by 
force  of  arms,  to  sign  the  solemn  league.  Another  was  raging  up  the  river,  within 
twelve  miles.  They  had  already  destroyed  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  tea  for 
Esq.  Ilussey,  and  thrown  his  hay  into  the  river.  Mr.  Gardiner  had  fled  from  their 
fury,  and  tarried  with  us  all  night,  expecting  every  moment  to  be  attacked,  as  Love- 
joy  had  already  invited  them  among  us,  and  threatened  the  utmost  vengeance  upon 
me,  Ridley,  Maj  Goodwin,  etc.  Mr.  Gardiner  returned  after  service,  but  was  obliged 
to  fly  that  evening,  and  escape  to  Boston.  About  midnight,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  armed  with  guns  and  various  weapons,  surrounded  his  house,  demanded  a  sight 
of  him,  and  insisted  upon  searching  for  tea.  Mr.  Hazard,  a  gentleman  from  Rhode 
Island,  entered  into  a  parley  with  their  leaders,  and  they  firmly  engaged  that  none, 
except  five  chosen  men,  should  enter  into  the  house  ;  but  they  quickly  broke  their 
engagements,  rushed  in,  rifled  the  house,  broke  open  his  desk,  and  perused  his  papers, 
and  after  being  treated  with  several  gallons  of  rum,  they  stole  Mr.  Hazard's  buckles, 
and  then  inquired  for  Mr.  Jones,  the  surveyor.  They  insisted  upon  his  signing  the 
covenant,  upon  wliich  he  stripped  open  his  bosom,  and  told  them  they  might  stab  him 
to  the  heart,  but  nothing  should  induce  him  to  sign  that  accursed  instrument.  They 
seized  him  with  violence  and  threw  him  headlong  into  the  river,  and  then  dragged  him 
about  till  he  was  almost  torn  to  pieces,  but  all  to  no  purpose.  They  at  length  desisted, 
and,  having  drank  several  gallons  of  rum,  began  to  quarrel,  and  had  a  violent  battle 
among  themselves.  Several  remained  dead  drunk,  and  the  remainder  returned  to 
their  habitations.  The  other  mob  from  Georgetown,  Brunswick,  etc.,  threatened  to 
demolish  the  jail,  and  to  throw  the  town-house  into  the  river,  but  first  they  directed 
their  course  to  Witchcassett,  headed  by  Sam.  Thompson,  tlie  Brunswick  representa- 
tive. In  their  route,  they  offered  violence  to  several  persons.  Having  compelled  one 
Hobby,  a  store-keeper,  to  sign  the  league,  some  of  them,  offended  at  certain  ex- 
pressions he  let  fall,  returned  and  almost  demolished  him.  They  seized  Capt.  Carle- 
ton,  of  Woolwich,  and,  having  prepared  a  coffin,  comma-idcd  him  to  dig  his  own 
grave;  but  after  all  their  threatenings,  he  escaped  without  signing  the  covenant. 
They  assaulted  Mr.  Wood  on  Monday  morning,  but  he,  having  nearly  one  hundred 
men,  with  several  pieces  of  cannon,  prepared  for  his  defence,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  keep  at  a  distance.  A  treaty  was  concluded  towards  evening  between  the  parties, 
when  the  libertines  solemnly  engaged  to  make  no  further  attempts  till  the  nest  day. 
With  this  assurance  Mr.  Wood  dismissed  his  men,  which  being  known  to  the  assail- 
ants, they  came  in  the  night  and  carried  olf  the  cannon,  and  in  the  morning  fired  them 
upon  Mr.  Wood,  without  any  damage,  however.  Mr.  Wood  might  have  easily  dis- 
persed them  after  all,  but  hearing  that  five  hundred  men  were  upon  their  march,  and 
expected  that  a  great  deal  of  blood  must  be  shed,  he  gave  them  a  paper  of  his  own 
drawing  up.  They  then  proceeded  to  visit  Judge  Rice  and  Mr.  Moor,  the  minister, 
who,  after  haranguing  them  to  little  purpose  for  some  time,  were  obliged  to  promise 
a  compliance  with  the  Congress.  On  Tuesday  evening  they  arrived  at  Frankfort, 
(the  Court  sitting.)  I  will  refer  you  to  Mrs.  Bailey's  letter  for  an  account  of  their 
proceedings  here,  and  only  remark,  that  their  rage  was  chiefly  directed  again.it  Bow- 
man, Maj.  Goodwin,  Ridley,  and  myself,  because,  as  they  alledged,  from  the  instiga- 


352  APPENDIX. 


tioD  of  Lovejojr,  th.it  we  opposed  the  solemn  IciiRue.  Their  behavior  wm«  a  true  mix- 
ture of  comedy  and  trai^edy.  Drsidcs  tlic  mischief  they  did,  near  three  hundred  men 
were  lupportcd  fur  a  week  tuKcther,  at  the  expenne  of  their  noi^^hbors.  We  are  daily 
threatened  with  another  invasion.  Authing  can  equal  the  false  and  ridiculoua  slorieit 
which  prevail  in  these  ports. 

PowNALUoBo',  NoTerober  Ist,  177*. 
To  Dr.  S.  Gardiner. 

Sill:  —  I  must  entreat  you  to  send  eight  thousand  of  shingle  nails,  if  you  charKO 
them  to  my  account,  and  a  thousand  of  tcn-peuny.  It  i*  impossible  to  lire  in  this 
house  unless  it  is  covered,  and  the  chamber  over  the  kitchen  finiBhed.  I  have,  at 
present,  only  one  small  room  fur  the  family,  and  the  chamber  over  it  for  lodgings,  i:, 
which  we  are  obliged  to  have  three  beds,  so  that  I  have  no  convenience  at  all  for  8tud\ . 
If  you  look  into  my  account,  you  will  find  that  I  was  charged  with  all  the  Khing'.i 
nails  you  sent  twu  years  ago,  and,  in  short,  Capt.  Callahan  and  I  have  found  all  the 
nails  for  the  parsonage-house  at  our  own  expense.  I  am  sensible  that  we  cannot  rea- 
sonably expect  anything  further  from  you.  after  what  you  have  already  done,  but 
what  can  I  do  ?  Both  t)ie  church  and  house  are  considerably  indebted  to  me,  and  1 
must  either  suffer  or  expi-nd  more. 

Aofcmbcr  10/A.     Went  to  Georgetown.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Butler's. 

Wth.  Baptized  Catherine  and  Thomas  Percy,  Ilannah  Porterfield,  Sarah  and  James 
Todd,  Perkins,  (?)  Eleanor  and  Thomas  Ilogan,  Jane  Stevens,  Elizabeth  and  Rebecca 
Snelling  Malcom,  and  William  Mahars  (?). 

December  I'ith — Sundatj.     lo  persons  at  church.     Whiting  preached  at  Frankfort. 

March  'list.      Married  llobert  Rogers  and  Jane  Grace.     Baptizeu Darling, 

Samuel  Meins  and  James  Ward. 

April  0th — Sunday.    50  persons  at  church.    Baptized  Peter  Pochard. 

lOlh.     Baptized  Sarah  McGown. 

I6th — Sunday.     70  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  Os. 

2ilh.    Assaulted  by  a  number  of  ruflians.     The  news  arrives  of  Col.  Percy's  defeat. 

25tk.    News  of  the  battle  of  Concord  sets  the  people  into  a  great  ferment. 

26th.     (Uev.)  Mr.  Weeks  and  family  arrive. 

27tA.  A  great  uproar,  to  prevent  Mr.  Weeks  from  landing  his  goods.  The  Com- 
mittee grant  leave. 

29lh.    The  people  still  in  commotion.     No  work  done  this  week. 

30/A — Sunday.    80  persons  at  church.     Contribution,  12». 

May  3d.     The  Committee  meet  at  Frankfort. 

5lh.     At  Dr.  Moor's,  at  Richmond. 

June  2f^th.     Mr.  Weeks  and  Mrs.  Dixey. 

[Journal  missing  for  July  and  August  of  this  year.] 

Srpttvibsr  lat.    Mr.  Weeks  sets  off  for  Britain. 

16/A.     Married  Capt.  Ilubbs  and  Dorcas  Wilson. 

Ortober  '2d.     Baptized  Margaret  Costello. 

GtJi.     Mr.  Weeks  goes  on  his  journey. 

I3th.    Set  off  for  Falmouth. 

Mth.     Arrived  at  Falmouth. 

mih — Sunday.     Baptized  Charles  IlemminRway  and Thurlo. 

1G(A.  A  fleet  of  6  sail  come  into  the  harbor.  Capt.  Mowat  declares  the  destruction 
of  Falmouth. 

l^th.     Falmouth  laid  in  ashes. 

29<A — Suntiay.     45  persons  at  church.     Baptized  A.  Ridley. 

JS'octmher  oth— Sunday.     14  persons  at  church.      Mr.  Weeks  arrives  in  the  cTening. 

22d.    Mr.  Bernard  here. 


AT  TEND  IX.  353 

2Sd.    Married  Thomas  Dcnsmore  and  Susannah  "Whitmorc,  at  riodingham. 

2-ith.     Baptized  Sarah  Bounds  Grossman. 

December  I'Jth.    Married  William  Len  (?)  and  Hannah  Kingslin  (?). 

177G. 

January  lllli.     Mr.  "Weeks'  family  remove. 

3O//1.     Mr.  Weeks  sets  out  for  th?  West. 

February  6lh.  Married  Moses  Dudley  and  Apphia  Sleeper  (?).  Baptized  David 
Huntoon. 

April  IS//1.     Married  Edmund  Doharty  and  Mary  Haley. 

23(7.     Married  John  Welch  and  Eliza  Baker. 

2ith.  Baptized  Elizabeth,  Hannah  and  Olivia  Baiter,  adults;  Lorana  McGregor 
and  Jane  Grace  Ward. 

27th.     Mr.  Weeks  goes  Westward. 

JUay  I'th — Continental  Fast.     3-5  persons  at  church. 

2ilh.     E.Kamined  before  the  Committee. 

2Gth — Sunday.     .52  persons  at  church.    .Baptized  Simeon  Lawrence. 

28/A.     Laid  under  bonds  at  Bridge's. 

June  itii.     Baptized  Jonathan  Tousier(r). 

G//j.     Mr.  Weeks  embarks. 

July  7th.     Baptized  Sarah  and  J.  Dickson  Parks,  at  Richmond. 

28//j — Sunrl'iy.  50  persons  at  church.  Baptized  John  Goud,  John  Carlo,  Lazarus 
Goud,  and  Margaret  Carlo. 

August  oth.     Baptized  Rebecca  Preble. 

6//i.    Rode  with  Mrs.  Bailey  to  Mr.  Butler's,  Georgetown. 

llh.     At  Mr.  T.  Percy's. 

8/A.  Baptized  Gilmorc  Percy,  for  Thomas  Rogers  (?);  Hannah,  for  Anna  Rogers; 
Samuel,  for  Robert  Thomas  ;  at  Mr.  Drummond's  and  Williams'. 

9//1.    Rode  home. 

WUi — Sunday.     Forbidden  to  pray  for  the  King.     Only  delivered  a  sermon. 

17"«.     Set  off  for  the  West.     Lodged  at  Frost's. 

18(A.     Dined  at  Capt.  Potc's.     Lodged  at  Dr.  Coffin's. 

19//i.  Dined  at  Capt.  I'otc's.  Bajjtized  Jeremiah  Potc  Wier.  Lodged  nt  Jlr. 
Lyde's. 

2(ilh.     Tarried  at  Mr.  Lyde's.     Dr.  Coffin,  T.  Oxnard. 

2Ut.     Capt.  Mehitabcl  (?)  Oxnard.     Lodged  at  Cole's,  at  Wells. 

22r/.     Dined  at  CdI.  Warner's.     Lodged  at  J.  Weeks'. 

23f/.     Dined  at  uncle  John's.     Lodged  at  Mr.  Bass's. 

2Alh.     Dined  at  Rowley.    Arrived  at  Marblchcad. 

25th.     Preached.     Attended  a  funeral. 

28//I.     At  Salem,  at  Mr.  Mctiilchrist's. 

September  \xt — Sunday.     Preached. 

2d.     Set  off  on  my  journey.     Lodged  at  Rowley. 

3f/.    Tarried  at  Rowley  and  iSewbury. 

4//«.     Lodged  at  Greenland. 

nth.     Lodged  at  Cole's. 

Gth.     An'ived  at  Mr.  Lyde's. 

llh.     At  Mr.  Lyde's. 

8//».    Baptized  G  children.    First  heard  the  news  of  the  defeat  of  the  .\mcrican  army. 

9t/i.     Visited  several  phices.     Arrived  at  Mitchell's. 

10</i.    .(Vjrivcd  home.    Visited  Georgetown.    Baptized  11  children. 

45 


851  APPENDIX. 

October  ."W.     Married  Mr.  Thomas  Johnnon  to  Abif^ail  Ooodwin.* 
2.S//1,  2'.Uh.     Heforo  the  Committee  for  not  reading;  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
for  prnyini;  for  the  king,  and  fur  preaching;  u  ueditiuuH  sermon. 

Jhcinibcr  l.sl — Suiul ly.    60  persons  at  church.    Published  3  couples. 

'2ti.     Lodged  at  Weston's. 

3tl.     Lodkted  at  J.  Preble's. 

4th.    At  Mr.  Carlcton's.     Baptized  John  Thorn. 

f>th.    At  home. 

C)th.     Haptixed,  at  Mr.  Haley's,  Hannah  Doharty. 

K'/A.     Mr.  Johnson  buried. 

IWA — Sunday.     !■')  persons  at  church.     Baptized  James  Houdlette. 

17^/1.     Mr.  (J.irdincr  arrives  from  Boston. 

I  I'he  Journal  for  1777  is  missing.] 

1778. 

January  \»t.  At  George  Mayer's.  Xews  comes  that  "Washington  kills  and  takes 
1600  regulars. 

2d.    At  Mrs.  Jacqueen's  and  Mrs.  Kendall's. 

■\th — Sunday.     Baptized  Peter,  son  of  George  Pochard. 

8^/».     Kode  to  Mr.  Richard  Turner's.     Found  his  son  Thomas  sick  of  a  fever. 

9//1.  Baptized  Mark  Silvester  and  Mary,  children  of  James  and  Rachel  Turner. 
Returned  home  same  day. 

llth — Sunday.     25  persons  at  church. 

ll/A.     At  home.     Mrs.  Kendall,  Mrs.  Call  and  Mr.  Jacqucen  here. 

Fchruary  2d.  Travelled  with  Dr.  flayer  to  Broadbay.  Lodged  at  (Rct.)  Dr.  (Mar- 
tin) Shefford's. 

3f/.     At  Mr.  Palmer's  at  Bristol. 

4lh.  At  Capt.  Vinal's,  Mr.  Cremor's,  Sprague's,  Young's,  and  Rhode's.  Baptized 
Benjamin  and  Esther  Palmer,  David,  Alice  and  Deborah  Vinal,  and Young. 

•')lh.     A  snow  storm  six  inches.     Attempted  to  return  home  but  forced  to  turn  back. 

Cith.     Returned  home. 

\Qth.    At  Carlo's  and  Johnson's.    Baptized  Hannah  Turner. 

\~(h.     Rode  up  witii  my  brother  and  his  wife  to  Mr.  Cowen's. 

lS^/».     Went  to  Winthrop.     At  Mr.  Whittier's  and  Stain's. 

l!>//i.     At  Mr.  Waugh's.     Baptized  George  Waugh.     Returned  to  Mr.  Cowen's. 

20/A.     Iveturned  home. 

27/A.     (Rev.)  Dr.  (M.)  Shefford,  Mr.  Ridley  and  Mr.  Tperhind  here. 

28tA.     Dr.  Moor,  Dr.  Mayer,  a  Prussian  Doctor  and  Mr.  Carlo  here. 

March  Vllh.     liaptized  Edward  Lawrence. 

28/A.     Baptized  William  Carney. 

April  7lh.     Mr.  Nath'l  Gardiner  arrives  and  Mr.  Thomas. 

l'.i//i — Easter  Day.    50  persons  at  church,  L5  commuuicants. 

20//1.     Chose  the  same  (Church)  olficcrs. 

2>jlh — Sunday.     .%  persons  at  church. 

[Journals  from  June  Ist  to  July  18th  missing.] 

July  \Olh.  [Mr.  Bailey  had  started  for  Boston.]  •  •  •  I  had  now  an  opportu- 
nity of  hearing  from  my  family,  and  perceived  that  they  had  obtained  a  little  present 
relief.  The  wind  blowing  in  dirty  squalls  from  the  S.  W.,  Capt.  Hatch  sailed  back 
again  to  Parker's  flats.f  where  we  took  a  breakfast  together,  after  which  I  went  with 

•  Daughter  of  MaJ.  S.  GooUwin.  t  Jast  inside  the  moath  of  Kennebec  river. 


Al'TENDIX.  355 

the  two  Gardiner's,  Mrs.  TIatch  and  Mrs.  Gardiner  as  far  as  Mr.  Butler's.  This  gen- 
tleman and  his  family  treated  me  with  ^rcat  attention  and  advised  me  by  no  means  to 
leave  the  country  as  it  would  {^ratify  ray  persecutors,  whose  principal  design  was  to 
expel  the  serTicc  of  the  Church  from  the  regions  of  Kcnnehcuk.  After  dining  I  at- 
tended Capt.  Drummond  to  his  house,  and  baptized  three  children,  one  for  Thomas 
Rogers,  one  for  Ilobert,  and  another  for  Mr.  Butler's  servant.  ^Ve  had  here  a  good 
entertainment.  My  friends  sent  on  board  several  articles  of  provision,  vii.,  a  large 
quarter  of  veal,  two  cheeses,  a  smoked  salmon,  a  pound  of  coffee,  &c.  In  the  even- 
ing I  returned  on  board.  Capt.  Vinal  arrived  from  Boston,  and  brought  intelligence 
that  a  French  fleet  had  arrived  to  assist  the  Americans. 

2''^th.  This  morning  we  beat  out  to  sea.  Some  of  our  company  sick,  especially 
Polly  Morton.  About  sunset  we  were  not  more  than  four  leagues  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Kennebeck.  Spoke  with  several  vessels,  and  heard  all  day  a  heavy  firing  at  Tal- 
mouth.     Towards  morning, 

21s/,  a  breeze  from  the  north  east,  and  a  fine  clear  day.  "SVe  arrived  off  Cape  Ann 
about  dark.  We  hud  an  opportunity  of  taking  several  mackerel,  the  first  I  had  ever 
seen  dra\vn  from  the  water. 

22(i.  Came  to  anchor  just  by  Nix's  Mate,  in  Broad  Sound,  in  the  forenoon.  Saw 
the  Warren  under  sail,  going  out.  About  three  o'clock,  the  wind  and  tide  favouring, 
we  sailed  up  to  the  Long  Wharf.  near  a  guard-ship,  the  sight  of  those 

disasters  which  war  and  rebellion  had  rendered able  gave  me  a  prodigious  shock. 

They  appeared  cond with  rage,  and  exhibited  countenances  full  of  dejection  and 

melancholy.     What  an  affecting  consideration  that  such  a  multitude  of  active  and 

sprightly  men  should  labour  under  oppression  and  confinement,  should  be ed  with 

vermin  and  disease  to  gratify  the  boundless  avarice  and  ambition  of  an  impious  fac- 
tion !  Being  wholly  ignorant  of  the  situation  of  the  town,  and  fearing  that  the  small- 
pox might  still  prevail,  I  sent  Dr.  Mayer  with  a  message  to  (Rev.)  Mr.  Parker.  lie 
presently  returned  with  an  invitation  from  that  worthy  gentleman,  and  a  report  that 
little  danger  was  to  be  apprehended  from  the  smallpox.  About  sunset  I  equipped 
myself  and  left  the  sloop  under  uncommon  dejection  of  spirit.  I  was,  however,  re- 
ceived by  Mr.  Parker  and  his  lady  with  the  highest  tokens  of  tenderness  and  friend- 
ship. They  gave  a  very  discouraging  detail  of  publick  affairs  ;  informed  me  that  a 
large  French  fleet  had  certainly  arrived  ;  that  no  armament  had  come  this  season 
from  Britain ;  and  that  it  was  apprehended  that  the  Americans  and  French,  with 
their  united  efforts,  would  be  able  to  expel  the  forces  of  the  Crown  from  the  Con- 
tinent. This  intelligence  excited  a  train  of  the  most  disagreeable  sensations,  and 
took  away  the  pleasure  I  was  about  to  receive  from  the  society  and  conversation  of 
my  friends. 

'23(1.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  118.  It  con- 
tinues:]  Dined  at  Mrs.  Domett's,  where  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  Mrs.  Coflin, 
and  of  hearing  from  my  Falmouth  friends.  We  spent  the  season  as  agreeably  as  the 
situation  of  publick  affairs  and  our  own  circumstances  would  permit.  After  dinner  re- 
ceived an  invitation  to  tea  from  Mrs.  Sheaf,  where  we  found  eleven  ladies  and  six  or 
seven  gentlemen,  some  of  them  Whigs,  but  of  a  generous  way  of  thinking  ;  in  particu- 
lar Col.  Trumbull,  son  to  the  Governor,  censured  very  freely  some  of  the  most  popu- 
lar measures,  and  reflected  both  upon  the  Congress  and  neivspapers.  From  these 
gentlemen  I  first  learned  that  the  Provincials  had  gained  no  victory  over  General 
Clinton,  but  were  rather  worsted  in  that  famous  conflict.  After  tea  Mrs.  Peggy  Sheaf, 
an  agreeable  young  lady,  gave  us  several  tunes  upon  the  guitar,  accompanied  with 
.  During  this  interval  I  had  an  opportunity  of  acquainting  Mrs.  .Sheaf,  one  of 
the  ladies,  with  my  situation,  and  when  we  came  to  siippcr  I  perceived  that  most  of 
the  company  knew  something  of  my  atFairs,  by  certain  questions  about  my  pcrsecu- 


356  A  I'  r  K  N  ij  1 X 


tora,  and  a  conip&<iniODate  attention  to  my  concerns.  The  Whiftn  havinft  withdnvrn, 
the  root  of  the  CDiupany  tat  till  near  twelve,  and.  were  very  sociable  and  nirriy. 

2t(A.  Took  a  bruakfattt  about  eight  wilh  I'olly  Morton  and  Capt.  Hatch,  when  I  wan 
entartained  with  Hcvcral  secret  and  curiou«  anecdotes.  Vikitcd  Mrs.  Dixy  in  the 
morning,  and  called  on  my  way  upon  Mrs.  Domett.  One  I/Cwis,  m&Htor  of  the  PurtH- 
mouth,  arrives  from  New  York,  and  Kives  intelligence  that  Lord  Howe  h.id  arrived 
with  some  twelve  ships  of  tko  line  and  twenty  frigutes.  The  report  in  town  bafore  w;iii, 
that  he  had  only  three  ships  of  the  line  and  four  or  five  frig.iles.  It  was  reported  at  noon 
that  a  number  of  troops  had  arrived  at  Newport.  Dined  at  Mr.  Parker's,  in  company 
with  Mr.  VN'nrner.  Drunk  tea  at  Mr.  Ilaskin's,  and  supped  at  the  same  place.  This 
gentleman  observed  that  the  conduct  of  the  Congress  in  applying  to  Prance  for  assi't- 
ance,  was  similar  to  the  !ipplicatic)n  of  S.iul  to  the  Witch  of  Lndor. 

2.5/A.  After  calling  upon  several  friends  in  the  morning  dined  at  Mr.  Warner'.  , 
where,  besides  Mr.  Parker  and  ludy,  we  had  in  company  one  Capt.  DaTis,  a  merchant. 
The  news  said  to  come  express  from  Gen'l  Sullivan  is,  that  a  large  number  of  troops 
had  arrived  at  Newport,  and  on  the  other  hand,  that  the  French  fleet  bad  taken  five 
British  men  of  war,  which  afterwards  proved  to  be  a  false  rumor.  The  Whigs  soon 
acknowledged  that  only  one  frigate  was  taken,  and  this  our  and  .tt 

length  to  be  in  the  harbour  of  New  York  and  spent  the  CTcning  at 

Mr.  Parker's,  in  very  agreeable  conrcrsalion. 

'2G/A.  This  day  being  .Sunday,  performed  Divine  Service  in  the  morning  and  preach- 
ed in  the  afternoon.  The  weather  being  exceedingly  hot  I  was  greatly  fatigued. 
Spent  the  evening  at  Mr.  Domett's,  in  company  with  Mr.  Abrahams.  The  situation 
of  political  affairs  was  still  so  gloomy  that  we  had  full  employment  to  keep  each 
others'  spirits  from  sinking,  and  to  take  encouragement  that  some  happier  pro.spects 
might  soon  arise.  The  Whigs  were  now  so  extremely  high,  and  so  very  sanguine  in 
their  expectations  of  victory  and  success,  that  my  friends  assured  me  there  were  little 
or  no  hopes  of  having  any  petition  regarded  by  the  Council  in  case  I  should  make  ap- 
plication. 

21lh.  This  day  dined  at  Mrs.  Dixy's,  in  company  with  a  young  gentleman  from 
Virginia,  who  was  employed  in  one  of  the  Continental  stores  as  a  writer.  After  giv- 
ing us  several  pieces  of  intelligence,  he  declared  that  he  hoped  and  wished  that  the 
French  fleet  would  have  a  d — 1  of  a  drubbing  by  the  Uritons.  Towards  evening  called 
upon  Mr.  Ha.skins,  according  to  agreement,  lie  gave  me  fifteen  dollars,  and  then 
accompanied  me  to  Mr.  Inman's,  (  ? )  where  we  were  cordially  received  by  that  hos- 
pitable au'l  generous  couple.  We  were  joined  at  supper  by  Mrs.  Coffin  and  her 
daughter  Polly.  Uoth  the  mother  and  daughter  appeared  very  modest,  sensible  and 
engaging.  I  was  introduced  to  these  ladies  by  Mrs.  Inman  and  Mr.  Haskins  as  a 
distressed  brother,  and  1  quickly  perceived  that  Mrs.  ColKn  had  her  husband  (Mr. 
William  Coffin)  and  two  or  three  sons  in  the  llritish  service,  at  New  York.  We 
heard  this  evening  a  rumor  that  a  British  fleet  had  arrived  or  were  near  the  coast  of 
America.  This  was  some  refreshment  to  our  dejected  spirits.  About  eleven  the 
company  brake  up,  and  Mr.  Haskins  and  I  waited  upon  the  two  ladies  home. 

28i/r.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  lift.]  Spent 
the  afternoon  and  evening  abroad ;  express  coming  in  daily  with  news,  reports  that 
six  of  the  Cork  fleet  are  taken  by  the  French,  and  the  Whigs  are  now  elevated  above 
measure,  a»  an  expedition  is  going  on  with  the  utmost  rapidity  against  Newport. 
It  is  confidently  promised  that  Rhode  Island,  New  York,  and  Nova  Scotia,  will  be 
subdued  to  the  American  States  before  the  conclusion  of  the  present  campaign. 

20fA.     [The  entry  under  this  date  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  110.] 

3f)rt.     This  morning  after  breakfast  went  the  interest  of  several  gen- 

tlemen belonging  to  the  Council.  I  waited  upon  was  Mr.  M'endrll,  who  was 

a  eoniomniirary  at  CoUeirc.     This  pentlrman,  though  he  *and  importance  of 


APPENDIX.  857 

his  office  with  every  display  of  mildness  and  benevolence,     lie  readily 

to  compassionate  my  situation  mc  all  the  assistance  in  his  power.  Ho 

asked  me  whether  I  had  no  other  dillicultics  to  contend  with  besides  poverty  ?  I  replied 
by  requesting  him  to  sug;;est  the  nature  of  those  difficulties  he  conceived  me  to 
labour  under.  Ho  answered  nic  that  he  imagined  I  must  be  troubled  with  some  ill 
natured,  i^^norant,  committee-man,  or  rigid  magistrates,  who  took  advantage  of  tho 
times  to  distress  nic.  I  assured  him  that  his  conjectures  were  perfectly  right,  for  in 
all  political  commotions  the  spirit  of  assault  and  compulsion  was  always  fierce,  savage, 
and  cruel,  in  proportion  to  its  distance  from  the  centre,  and  had  constantly  observed 
that  in  the  eastern  country,  where  any  difference  or  hostility  subsisted  between  two 
persons,  if  one  of  them  was  appointed  committee-man  the  other  would  be  certainly 
pimishcd  as  a  Tory  before  the  conclusion  of  the  year.  Mr.  Wendell  replied,  "  tho 
only  inducement  I  had  to  engage  in  these  affairs  was  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  soften 
the  horrors  and  to  relieve  the  distresses  which  must  unavoidably  arise  to  particular 
persons  in  the  present  revolutions."  After  taking  my  leave  of  Mr.  Wendell  I  visited 
Mr.  J.  Pitts,  who  took  mc  by  the  hand  and  treated  mc  with  attention  and  ceremony, 
but  I  presently  perceived  that  his  advancement  had  rendered  him  more  stiff,  formal 
and  important,  lie  was  not  so  familiar  and  easy  as  usual.  However,  after  some  re- 
spectful compliments,  he  promised  to  use  all  his  influence  to  forward  my  petition. 
He  declared,  from  the  kuowU'dge  he  had  of  the  eastern  country,  and  my  connections, 
he  was  fully  convinced  that  my  situation  must  be  verj-  disagreeable,  and  my  circum- 
stances extremely  distressing.  I  found  in  the  course  of  our  conversation  that  he  had 
no  great  opinion  of  Uowman,  and  that  he  was  conscious  that  some  of  our  magistrates 
were  my  enemies  on  account  of  my  former  connections  with  Dr.  G.ordincr.  Brigadier 
Preble  was  the  ne.vt  counsellor  I  solicited  in  my  affairs.  The  old  gentleman,  upon 
my  application,  suffered  a  little  roughness  and  ferocity  of  his  countenance;  he  de- 
clared, with  an  oath,  that  he  knew  my  situation  to  be  very  distressing,  and  mc 
his  interest  in  procuring  the  but  then  says  he  :  "  You  must  en- 
gage upon  your  word  and  honour  not  to  give  the  enemy  any  intelligence  of  our  expe- 
ditions against  Xewijort  and  New  York.  I  told  him  in  all  probability  tho  state  of 
these  military  operations  would  be  determined  before  I  could  possibly  get  ready  to 
depart.  He  tlien,  with  a  countenance  replete  with  vengeance  and  fury,  and  in  a  voice 
of  thunder,  swore  a  tremendous  oath,  that  the  reign  of  the  old  villain,  Georg«,  was 
very  short  in  America.  He  soon  returned  to  my  affairs,  and  told  me  in  a  whisper, 
that  if  I  obtained  leave  to  depart  he  must  entrust  me  with  letters  to  Halifax.  "  You 
know,"  says  he,  "  my  son-in-Uw,  Tom  0.\nard."  Before  we  parted  he  execrated  Par- 
son Wiswall  in  a  bitter  manner,  .\ftcr  finishing  this  disagreeable  business  I  dined  at 
Mr.  John  Kow's,  who  gave  a  striking  instance  of  the  injustice  and  t}Tanny  of  Briga- 
dier Preble.  Mr.  Kow,  a  few  years  ago,  had  lent  him  a  large  sum,  if  I  remember  right, 
£700  sterling,  to  clear  a  mortgage  on  his  estate,  no  part  of  which  was  ever  paid  until 
the  present  year,  when  the  Brigadier  brought  Mr.  Kow  the  same  nominal  sum  in  pa- 
per money  to  discharge  his  debt.  The  latter  made  some  difficulty  of  accepting  it,  aa 
it  was  the  seventh  part  of  the  real  value.  The  other  replied  that  he  should  take  tho 
money,  or  else  be  proceeded  ngainst  as  a  convicted  Tory  and  a  mortal  enemy  to  his 
country.  This  declaration  quickly  ended  the  whole  dispute.  Mr.  Kow  took  tho  mo- 
ney and  gave  the  Brigadier  a  full  discharge.  An  express  arrives  that  the  French  fleet 
had  arrived  at  Point  Judith  to  assist  in  the  reduction  of  Khode  Island.  Drank  tea 
this  evening  in  company  with  Mrs.  Sheaf 

'6\il.    Went  in  the  morning  to  the  Court  House 

but  the  President  assured  me  that  he  would  carefully  keep  my  petition,  and  prvstnt 


;}j8  appendix. 

it  wlipncvrr  a  favourable  opportunity  should  occur.  Whilo  I  was  in  conversation  with 
liini  upon  the  subject,  an  oid-dc-cainp  from  Geiicnil  Ileuth  appeared,  with  a  mcsHajjc 
to  the  Council  lie  ^nve  information  tliat  a  Mr.  LcniH,  a  clerKVm.-in,  or  chaplain  of 
u  refjiment,  had  deserted  from  New  York,  and  having  dined  with  the  CJenerul  w.is 
coii\inf<  to  luy  soniethiuR  of  the  utmost  importance  before  the  Council ;  "  but,  you 
jnay  depend  upon  it,"  continued  the  ollicer,  "  that  the  gentleman  is  a  spy."  Mrs. 
White  was  buried  this  afternoon  :  a  prodlRious  large  funeral.  Drank  tea  at  Mrs.  Cof- 
fin's. Present,  I).  Lloyd  and  his  wife,  Mr.  Ilubburd,  Mr.  Urimmer,  Mr.  Amory  and 
bis  lady,  with  several  other  ladies,  hoth  married  and  single.  AVc  spent  the  evening 
very  agreeably.  Hu\ing  informed  Mrs.  ColUii  of  what  I  had  heard  concerning  the 
clergyman  from  New  York,  she  and  Mrs.  Dcblois  left  the  company  and  went  in  pur- 
suit of  him,  hoping  to  hear  something  of  their  absent  friends.  They  had  the  good 
fortune  to  find  the  gentleman,  though  something  under  duress.  He  represented  that 
all  the  Royal  forces  and  the  friends  of  Government  were  in  the  utmost  confusion  and 
anxiety,  that  many  repented  of  their  rashness  in  leaving  their  country,  and  that 
numbers  intended  very  hhortly  to  imitate  his  example  in  running  away  and  throwing 
themselves  upon  the  mercy  of  the  American  government.  He  added,  that  people 
were  almost  starving  for  want  of  bread  and  expected  from  Britain 

he  would  first  explain  himself  with  reserve,  with  an  entire  confidence  in  their  honor 
and  integrity.     The        I         with  these  supreme  magistrates  with  their  conduct 
of  my  friend  induced  the  following  remarks: — 

1st.  That  notwithstanding  they  represented  themselves  (to  be)  the  creatures  of 
the  people,  and  were  actually  in  most  instances  advanced  from  inferior  stations,  yet 
they  iissumcd  all  the  dignity  and  importance  of  princes  and  noblemen  born  to  com- 
mand. 

2nd.  They  afferted  to  act  the  courtier  externally.  When  any  applications  were 
made  to  the  leading  members  for  countenance  or  favour,  they  received  the  petitioner 
with  apparent  tokens  of  condescension.  They  endeavored,  though  it  must  be  con- 
fessed, with  an  awkward  grace,  to  lower  their  dignity,  and  would  make  most  ample 
promises  of  their  interest  to  forward  his  request ;  but  when  these  gentlemen  were  as- 
sembled in  Council  they  either  forgot  their  engagements,  or  determined  to  disoblige, 
when  the  charge  of  falsehood  or  severity  might  he  transferred  from  particular  mem- 
bers to  the  whole  body.  One  or  two  gentlemen  of  my  acquaintance,  who  petitioned 
the  Council  for  pirmission  to  depart  the  State,  applied  to  every  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil, and  received  the  strongest  assurances  from  each  of  his  interest,  and  yet  when  the 
petition  was  brought  before  them  in  the  Council  chamber  it  was  rejected  without  as- 
signing any  reason. 

3rd.  I  conjectured  that  the  most  moderate  legislatures  are  disposed  to  enact  the 
severest  and  most  unreasonable  laws  and  afterwards  mitigate 

with  the  arrival  oi"  i 'arson  i.cwis.  .inme  conceived  that  he  was  a  spy,  others  that  ho 
had  deserted  from  disgust  to  the  British  cause  and  pure  atfection  to  the  Ameriran 
cause,  whilst  the  ladies  were  unanimous  that  it  was  a  love  affair  which  brought  him 
to  Boston,  for  during  his  imprisonment  he  had  frequent  interviews  with  Mr.  Pier- 
pont's  daughter,  a  young  girl  of  fifteen,  who  had  an  independent  fortune  of  jL'.>0()() 
sterling.  This  day,  after  a  long  and  severe  drought,  about  3  o'clock  wc  had  a  smart 
thunder  shower,  which  lasted  about  ten  minutes.  Three  men  being  with  a  boat  on 
one  of  the  islands  of  the  hftrbour,  placed  themselves  under  it  for  a  shelter  from  the 
shower  !  As  soon  as  the  rain  ceased  a  little,  two  of  ttie  company  ventured  out,  and 
called  upon  the  other  to  follow  their  example,  which  he  at  first  refused  to  do,  but 
npoa  repeated  applications  he  complied,    lie  had  no  sooner  left  the  boat  than  a 


APPENDIX.  359 


stream  of  lightning  descended  and  stove  it  all  to  pieces.  News  arrircs  that  the 
French  fleet  had  taken  all  the  vessels  from  Cork. 

Aw/ust  2d.  This  day,  being  Sunday,  could  not  assist  Mr.  Parker  for  want  of  a  suit- 
able discourse.  As  I  was  walkinp  to  church  in  the  morning  Mr.  Lash  put  a  ^inca 
into  my  hand.  After  evening  service  went  to  drink  tea  with  Mr.  Domett ;  present, 
Col.  Tudors  lady, — though  a  Whig,  very  moderate, — Mr.  Blotchet,  Mr.  Chcevcr,  and 
Mr.  Brimmer.  ( .' )  I  was  extremely  pleased  willi  the  conversation  of  Mr.  Cheever. 
Among  other  things  he  told  me  that  when  the  high  sons  perceived  that  a  number  of 
Tories  had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  they  were  so  enraged  as  to  threaten  them 
with  immediate  destruction,  calling  them  rogues,  villains,  &c.  After  tea  took  a  walk 
upon  the  Common,  then  visited  and  supped  with  Mr.  Warner  and  lady.  I  regard 
them  as  a  very  modest  and  generous  couple.  UiJon  my  return  home  found  Mr.  Park- 
er gone  to  visit  Mrs.  Hooper,  of  Newbury.  His  lady  informed  me  that  she  had  sent 
for  me  and  Mr.  Parker  to  spend  the  evening.  "When  Mr.  Parker  returned,  about  12 
o'clock,  he  told  me  that  Mrs.  Hooper  had  informed  him  that  she  had  seen  a  letter 
very  lately  from  Mr.  Marston,  at  Halifax,  wherein  he  writes  that  he  is  in  good  health 
and  high  spirits,  and,  were  he  at  liberty,  he  could  write  such  intelligence  as  must  give 
the  friends  of  government  the  most  ample  satisfaction. 

Zd.  This  morning  visited  Mr.  Brown  and  his  son,  the  Doctor,  and  took  a  breakfast 
with  Mrs.  Dixy.  I  found  her  in  great  affliction  on  account  of  her  little  daughter,  who 
was  sick  of  a  fever.  Visited  Mr.  Thomas  Amory  and  his  lady,  where  I  was  kindly 
entertained.  I  tarried  till  after  dinner,  and  was  favoured  with  the  sight  of  several  cu- 
rious letters,  and  the  relation  of  many  shocking  anecdotes.  After  dinner  at  Captain 
William  Morton's,  at  Mr.  Burn's,  and  on  board  Capt.  Hatch,  where  I  met  with  my 
old  friend  Mr.  Nathaniel  Gardiner.  He  brought  intelligence  that  the  people  of  Nan- 
tucket had  certain  information  that  a  British  fleet,  under  Lord  Byron,  was  on  their 
passage;  that  the  garrison  at  Newport  was  11,000  strong,  and  that  provisions  were 
cheap  and  plenty  at  New  York.  Towards  evening  at  Mr.  Parker's,  and  drauk  tea  in 
company  with  several  ladies.  Dr.  Brown  and  Capt.  Hatch  here.  The  former  had  the 
confidence  to  apply  to  Mr.  Parker  for  a  recommendation,  and  referred  him  to  me  for 
a  character.  Supped  at  home  with  a  lar^-re  company.  Mr.  Nathaniel  Gardiner  hero 
to  visit  me,  and  to  give  me  an  account  of  his  adventures.  The  friends  of  government 
now  begin  to  receive  a  little  more  courage,  and  to  expect  some  more  favourable  events. 

^th.  This  morning,  after  walking  upon  the  wharves,  visited  Mrs.  Cofiin.  Dined  at 
home,  in  company  with  Mr.  Inman.  Drank  tea  at  Mrs.  Sheaf's.  Several  gentlemen 
and  ladies.  Mr.  Gardiner  met  me,  according  to  agreement,  at  Mr.  Domett's,  but  that 
worthy  couple  being  from  home  we  walked  towards  Capt.  Foster's,  but  finding  tho 
smallpox  in  that  part  of  the  town,  turned  aside  to  Mrs.  Dixy's.  I  fjund  her  daughter 
recovered.  We  proceeded  back  to  Mr.  Domett's,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  finding  liim 
and  his  lady  at  home.  We  were  presently  joined  by  Mrs.  Sheaf  and  her  daughter 
Polly.  We  had  a  very  agreeable  evening,  and  supped  before  we  parted.  Received 
either  this,  or  the  preceding  day,  eight  dollars  from  Mr.  Thomas  Amory. 

^th.  After  passing  away  the  forenoon  in  paying  ditfcri-nt  visits  went  to  Mr.  Ilas- 
kin's,  and  tarried  dinner  with  that  worthy  man  and  his  family.  Drank  tea  and  sup- 
ped abroad.  Capt.  Smith  arrives  from  Woolwich,  and  I  engage  a  passage  with 
him  to  Kennebeck.  Mr.  Hubbard  gives  me  three  quarters  of  an  hundred  of  rice, 
and  Mr.  N.  Green  a  bushel  of  rye.  Great  preparations  for  three  dny-;  past  have 
been  making  for  the  expedition  against  Illiode  Island ;  the  streets  and  roads  not 
only  full  of  armed  men  upon  the  march  from  every  quarter,  but  a  multitude  of  car- 
riages, with  provisions  and  warlike  forces ;  volunteers  come  pouring  into  town  from 
every  region  of  the  country  ;  men  of  consequence  and  fortune  appear  both  on  horse- 
ba(  k  and  in  the  most  pompous  vehicles  that  can  be  procured.  A'-'^urance  of  success 
is  displayed  in  every  countenance,  and  all  expect  to  return  in  a  few  daya  rictorioua 


360  APPENDIX. 

and  loaded  with  plunder.  To  suggest  any  difficulty  is  highly  criminal,  and  to  fore- 
bode disappointnicnt  would  be  fatal.  To  bco  these  people,  who  had  always  the  great- 
est aversion  to  the  manners,  religion,  and  government  of  the  l-'rcnch,  now  rejoicing 
in  their  alliance  and  exulting  in  their  assistance,  alfords  a  most  striking  instance  of 
the  pcrversencss  of  the  human  heart,  and  displays  beyond  example  the  obstinacy,  the 
madness,  the  folly,  the  perfidy  of  my  countrymen.  Hather  than  yield  to  the  most 
prevailing  convictions  of  reason,  rather  than  comply  with  the  most  sacred  dictates  of 
conscience  and  religion,  I  may  add,  rather  than  be  happy  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
liberties  and  possessions,  they  choose  to  rush  headlong  into  guilt,  misery,  and  ruin, 
and  to  entail  upon  themselves  and  posterity  the  most  ignoble  servitude. 

G//i.  This  morning,  understanding  that  I  had  made  a  blunder  in  not  dining  at  Mr. 
Inman's,  who  had  given  me  an  invitation  the  preceding  day,  and  that  he  was  highly 
oU'ended  at  my  neglect,  I  waited  upon  him  to  make  the  best  apology  in  my  power.  I 
assured  him  that  I  was  not  sensible  that  he  gave  me  any  invitation,  and  that  I  was 
wholly  ignorant  that  any  company  was  about  to  dine  at  his  house.  His  lady,  a  most 
excellent  woman,  quickly  ended  the  dispute,  and,  when  we  had  taken  a  breakfast,  Mr. 
Inman  insisted  upon  my  returning  to  dine  with  him  this  day.  I  spent  the  forenoon 
at  Mr.  Seargent's  and  Mr.  Turner's,  where  I  heard  from  a  number  of  gentlemen  the 
following  intelligence:  Tlic  captain  of  a  prize  brought  into  Salem  affirmed  that  Lord 
liyron  had  sailed  from  Britain  with  a  fleet  of  twenty-five  capital  sliips,  and  that  the 
harbour  of  Brest  was  blocked  up  with  thirty-two  ships  of  the  line  under  the  command 
of  Admiral  Ilervey,  Karl  of  Bristol.  Present  at  dinner,  besides  Mr.  Inman  and  wife, 
Nancy  Seargcnt  and  Betsey  Murray,  daughter  to  Col.  Murray,  one  of  the  Mandamus 
Counsellors,  who  fled  the  country.  After  dinner  I  waited  upon  Dr.  Lloyd  :  saw  there 
a  young  gentleman  from  Gen,  Sullivan,  who  informed  us  that  the  attack  was  to  be 
made  upon  llhodc  Island  immediately.  The  Dr.,  at  parting,  gave  me  nine  dollars. 
From  hence  I  repaired  to  Mr.  Parker's,  where  I  found  that  my  old  friend,  Mr.  William 
Gardiner,  had  arrived  from  Concord,  and  had  been  twice  to  enquire  for  me.  I  went 
directly  to  his  lodgings,  but  to  my  great  disappointment  I  found  !iim  absent.  I  how- 
ever met  him  presently  after  in  the  street.  "We  went  back  to  Mr.  Parker's,  where  we 
drank  tea,  and  then  took  a  walk  into  the  garden.  After  spending  the  evening  to- 
gether we  agreed  to  meet  each  other  the  next  morning  about  eleven  at  Mr.  Domett's. 

7th.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  I'JO.]  Mr. 
Gardiner  soon  came  in,  and  Mrs.  Domett  engaged  us  to  dine  with  them.  Before  din- 
ner wc  went  on  board  Smith  and  visited  Capt.  Hatch,  and  our  return  found  Mrs. 
CofKn,  and  had  a  very  sociable  entertainment.  Mr.  (Jardiner  and  I  waited  upon  Dr. 
Bylcs  and  drank  tea  with  him,  his  daughters,  and  other  young  ladies.  The  Dr.  was 
in  high  spirits,  and  rather  more  diverting  than  usual.  We  spent  the  evening  to- 
gether, when  I  took  my  leave  of  Mr.  Gardiner.  «  •  »  *  Mr.  Gardiner  assured  mc, 
upon  very  good  authority,  that  every  person  in  Canada  who  suffered  by  the  ravages 
of  the  American  rebels,  had  their  losses  fully  made  up,  and  that  the  whole  amnuutcd 
to  £170,000  sterling. 

8//i.  [A  part  of  this  day's  Journal  will  be  found  in  the  Memoir,  p.  120.]  •  * 
After  which  I  returned  her,  (Mrs.  Domett,)  a  visit  of  thanks,  and  took  my  leave  of 
that  generous  lady  and  her  daughters.  «  »  »  ♦  Having  put  my  things  on  board 
the  vessel,  dined  at  Mr.  Pjirker's,  called  upon  several  friends,  drank  tea  with  Mrs. 
Domett,  and  parted  with  Mrs.  Cofhn  and  that  excellent  couple  whom  I  shall  always 
esteem  with  the  sincerest  affection.  About  ten  Dr.  Mayer  and  I  took  our  leave  and 
embarked  on  board  Capt.  Smith.  The  weather  was  now  extremely  hot,  with  a  gentle 
breeze  of  S.  W.  wind.  We  had  two  female  passengers  on  board,  and  about  11  o'clock 
got  under  sail. 

'Jtli.  The  next  morning  about  sunrise,  near  Thatcher's  Island,  just  as  we  were  com- 
ing round  the  Cape,  discovered  a  very  large  ship.    Ilcr  guns  were  carefully  concealed, 


APPENDIX.  361 

and  she  let  us  pass  without  notice.  Soon  after  we  observed  a  very  strong  current  set- 
ting to  the  westward ;  a  short  calm  ensued,  when  the  wind  sprang  up  about  cast. 
About  noon  the  clouds  began  to  gather  thick  from  every  quarter,  and  the  dintant 
thunder  uttered  its  voice.  AVhen  we  were  miles  to  the  south  of  the  Shoal  Islands,  it 
being  between  3  and  -1  o'clock,  the  clouds  were  exceedingly  blackj  and  heavy  from  the 
N.  E.  around  to  the  S.  E.,  the  lightnings  streamed  dreadfully  in  various  directions, 
and  the  bursting  thunders  roared  aloud.  At  length  the  tempest  burst  upon  us.  A 
squall  struck  us  from  the  W.  -\.  W.,  which  in  a  few  minutes  veered  into  the  E.  S.  E. 
The  darkness,  thunder  and  rain  continued  with  uncommon  severity  till  wc  opened 
Portsmouth  harbour,  a  little  before  sunset,  when  the  clouds  began  to  disperse,  and 
we  came  to  an  anchor  a  little  below  the  light-house,  where  we  lay  rolling  and  tumbling 
all  night,  and  our  female  passengers  were  in  consequence  very  sick. 

10/A.  When  the  tide  served  in  the  morning  wc  came  to  anchor  in  Peppcrell's  Cove, 
at  Kittcry,  the  wind  being  E.  N.  E.  About  10  o'clock  the  captain  set  the  two  women 
on  shore ;  we  then  proceeded  in  the  boat  to  Newcastle,  where,  upon  enquiring  for  Mr. 
Chase,*  I  found  that  he  had  died  six  months  before.  His  son,  Stephen,  was  gone  to 
Portsmouth,  as  well  as  his  daughter.  After  rambling  near  two  hours  about  the  Island 
returned  on  board.  In  our  passage  we  approached  a  large  brig  under  sail,  on  board 
of  which  I  saw  Mr.  Spole,  with  my  friend  Jenny  Sheaf,  from  Martinico.  Having 
dined  I  went  on  shore  to  visit  Mr.  Stevens,  the  minister  on  Kittcry  Point.  I  here 
met  with  civil  treatment,  found  him  a  modest,  sensible  man,  rather  on  the  side  of  the 
British  government,  and  his  daughter  a  well  accomplished  and  agreeable  young  lady. 
Being  invited  I  tarried  till  the  next  morning. 

llth.  The  wind  continuing  nearly  in  the  same  quarter  I  went  on  board  after  break- 
fast, and  went  with  the  Captain  and  Dr.  flayer  to  Portsmouth,  where  I  met  with 
great  pleasure  several  of  my  fritnds,  as  Mr.  Haven's  family,  Mrs.  Clapham,  Mrs.  Fra- 
zer,  and  Mr.  Whipple  and  lady.  Dined  at  Mr.  Whipple's.  I  perceived  that  his  lady 
was  greatly  discouraged  at  the  appearance  of  publick  affairs.  I  was  able,  however,  by 
several  anecdotes,  to  revive  her  spirits.  After  dinner  I  returned  to  Mr.  Haven's, 
where  I  spent  an  hour  very  agreeably.  Capt.  Smith,  being  obliged  to  go  on  board,  1 
left  the  town  with  regret,  but  the  wind  continuing  to  blow  from  the  X.  E.,  with  clouds 
and  fog,  I  was  permitted  to  revisit  Mr.  Stevens.  I  found  that  he  was  gone  to  Ports- 
mouth. He  returned,  however,  after  tea.  [Part  of  this  day's  Journal  is  inserted  in 
the  Memoir,  p.  121.]  The  company  were  so  agreeable  to  each  other  that  they  never 
went  to  repose  till  after  twelve. 

V2lh.  This  morning  the  weather  was  boisterous,  and  the  wind  blowing  hard  from  tho 
N.  1'.  and  great  appearances  of  a  storm.  After  breakfast  went  on  board ;  so  windy 
that  we  could  not,  as  wc  intended,  visit  Portsmouth.  Towards  evening  landed,  in 
company  with  Capt.  Crandall,  at  Peppercll's  ^^'harf,  and  spent  several  hours  in  walk- 
ing about  the  neighbourhood.  The  ruins  of  Sir  William's  fine  estate  induced  us  to  re- 
flect upon  the  instability  of  human  affairs.  A  few  years  occasion  prodigious  altera- 
tions, especially  in  such  seasons  of  plunder  and  depredation.  The  house,  which  be- 
longed to  Andrew  Pepperell  Sparhawk — a  stately  edifice — has  lately  been  reduced  to 
almost  a  heap  of  ruins,  for  no  other  reason  but  because  the  owner  is  in  Britain.  Wo 
saw  in  the  dock  a  fine  little  schooner  from  the  eastward  with  a  family  on  board.  The 
master  informed  us  that  Capt.  Callahan,  having  taken  from  him'a  sloop  of  ninety 
tons,  made  him  a  present  of  that  schooner,  though  greatly  opposed  by  the  Capt.ain 
of  Marines.  This  vessel,  armed,  had  taken  three  sloops.  About  nine  in  the  evening 
the  weather  began  to  roughen,  the  clouds  to  gather  from  every  quarter,  and  the  in- 
creasing winds  to  agitate  tlie  waters. 

13lh.    This  morning,  as  soon  as  daylight  appeared,  we  had  a  most  violent  storm  at 


*  Bev.  Stephen  Chaae,  uncle  to  Mn.  Bailey.   See  Note  F.,  p.  358, 

46 


362  APPENDIX. 


N.  E.,  attended  with  large  quantities  of  rain.  It  continued  without  intermission  till 
near  snnsot,  during  which  the  water  was  in  violent  agitation,  and  we  thought  our- 
selves unsafe  witli  two  anchors  at  htr  bow.  One  sloop  was  stove  in  pieces  at  the  be- 
ginning of  this  tempest,  and  a  schooner,  attempting  to  recover  by  the  light-house 
point,  lost  her  anchor,  had  her  jib  carried  away,  and  was  finally  bilged  against  the 
rocks.  Another  sloop,  commanded  by  Josepli  Decker,  rode  out  the  storm  just  within 
the  southernmost  point  of  Piscataqua  harbour,  expecting  every  moment  eitlicr  to  go 
on  shore,  or  to  be  swallowed  up  by  the  waves.  Tlie  violence  of  the  tempest  abated, 
however,  very  fast  in  the  evening.  "We  had  an  uncomfortable  bituation  on  board, 
being  closely  confined  to  a  nasty  cabin,  while  the  vessel  kept  incessantly  rolling  and 
tumbling,  especially  in  the  night,  to  such  a  degree  that  we  could  hardly  lay  in  our 
cabins. 

IKli.  A  fine  morning  after  the  storm,  but  the  wind  siill  continues  to  breeze  from 
the  east.  After  our  Captain  had  been  to  atFord  some  relief  to  his  distressed  brethren, 
I  embarked  for  Portsmouth  on  board  a  large  canoe  with  Mr.  James  Marden  and  his 
brother.  In  our  passage  we  went  on  board  a  privateer  of  ten  carriage  guns,  where  I 
quickly  perceived  a  most  shocking  exhibition  of  confusion  and  profancness.  The  oaths 
and  execrations  were  horrid  beyond  expression.  I  had  formerly  been  five  or  six  weeks 
on  board  a  British  man-of-war,  where  all  was  order,  piety,  and  politeness,  in  compari- 
son with  what  now  appeared.  We  took  the  gunner  on  board  and  proceeded  to  town. 
Wlien  I  arrived  at  Mr.  Stevens's  I  found  them  at  dinner,  and,  to  my  great  satisfaction, 
Dr.  Coffin,  directly  from  Falmouth.  He  expected  to  meet  his  lady  here  from  Boston 
before  evening.  After  dinner,  and  talking  over  the  news,  we  went  out  together  and 
met  Mr.  J.  Sheaf  at  the  barber's  shop,  when  I  engaged  to  wait  for  this. agreeable  gen- 
tleman at  Mr.  Whipple's.  I  spent  the  afternoon  with  Mr.  Whipple,  his  lady.  Madam 
Went  worth,  Mrs.  Purcel,  and  Mrs.  Clapham.  As  I  was  waiting  upon  Mrs.  Purcel 
home  met  Mr.  Sheaf ;  we  walked  together  and  took  the  tour  of  several  streets,  lie 
informed  me  that  he  had  only  twenty-two  days  from  Martinico,  and  that  there  was 
no  appearance  of  war  among  the  French  and  Spaniards.  lie  was  perfectly  surprized 
when  he  heard  that  a  French  fleet  was  upon  the  coast  of  New  England.  Went  this 
afternoon  to  Capt.  Roach  and  his  family.  I  found  here  Mr.  John  Parker,  the  Sherilf, 
brother  to  Parson  Parker,  of  Boston ;  he  made  some  severe  reflections  upon  my  per- 
secutors, in  particular  their  imposing  the  oath  of  abjuration.  When  Mr.  Parker  was 
gone  Mr.  Roach  applied  to  have  his  child  baptized.  I  performed  the  office  in  the  pres- 
ence of  three  ladies,  who  were  here  on  a  visit.  At  parting  Capt.  Roach  gave  me  half 
a  guinea,  and  kindly  oflered  to  do  his  part  toward  my  support  during  the  present 
calamitous  times.  After  I  had  parted  with  Mr.  Sheaf  I  went  with  Mrs.  Whipple  to 
Capt.  Turner's,  where  we  found  Mr.  Whipple  arrived  before  us,  and  Mrs.  Pepperell. 
Just  as  we  had  entered  into  sociable  conversation  I  was  called  away  to  baptize  a  child 
for  one  llccd,  a  little  out  of  town,  llere  were  present  a  large  number  of  ladies. 
After  I  had  performed  the  saertd  ordinance  I  returned  to  my  company,  and  about  ten 
I  went  to  Mr.  Staver's,  and  found  Mrs.  Coffin  arrived  from  Boston,  but  she  and  the 
Dr.  were  both  gone  to  bed.  After  supper  spent  an  hour  with  Mrs.  Frazier  and  another 
lady.     The  former  gave  me  a  yard  of  mu^ilin  for  Mrs.  Bailey.     Lodged  at  this  house. 

loth.  This  morning  rose  early  and  waited  for  breakfast  till  Dr.  Coffin,  his  lady,  and 
Miss  Betty  Wier  were  dressed.  Mrs.  Coffin  brought  word  that  the  French  fleet  had  left 
r»iewport,  and  that  the  Cork  fleet  had  all  arrived  safe  at  New  York,  which  incidents 
gave  uncommon  sjjirits  to  the  friends  of  government,  who  had  for  a  long  time  been  in 
a  despairing  situation.  Mr.  Marden  being  ready  to  go  on  board  I  was  obliged  to  leave 
this  very  agreeable  company.  When  we  came  to  the  vessel  we  found  the  wind  still 
unfavorable,  which  determined  us  to  return.  I  dined  at  Mr.  Staver's,  waited  upou 
"Mr.  Jeffries,  and  drank  tea  at  Mr.  Whipi)lc's,  where  I  learned  from  that  gentleman 
that  one  Mr.  Emerson,  of  York,  had  been  upon  Rhode  Island  to  satisfy  his  curiosity. 


APPENDIX.  363 

He  declared  that  he  had  been  not  only  in  the  Provincial  army,  but  among  the  inhab- 
itants, who  assured  him  there  were  10,000  British  forces  at  Xe^vport,  the  rebel  army 
between  12,000  and  20,000  strong.  He  confirmed  the  account  of  the  departure  of  the 
French  fleet,  and  added  that  they  sailed  on  Monday  morning  in  pursuit  of  some  Brit- 
ish ships  which  appeared  in  sight  the  evening  before,  and  that  prior  to  this  move- 
ment the  French  had  rc-cmbarked  all  their  land  forces  to  the  number  of  4, .300.  Went 
•with  Mr.  Whipple  to  Mr.  Staver's,  and  found  Griffin  arrived  from  Boston,  who  in- 
formed us  that  the  AVhigs  were  greatly  alarmed  at  the  French  Admiral's  conduct ; 
that  the  Salem  volunteers,  hi  attempting  to  reconnoitre  the  enemy's  works  had  lost 
ten  of  their  number  ;  that  the  late  stonn  had  greatly  annoyed  the  Provincial  army, 
as  the  militia  and  volunteers  were  destitute  of  shelter ;  that  the  Royal  forces,  in  case 
the  French  fleet  should  not  return,  intended  to  surround  Rhode  Island ;  and  that 
two  capital  ships  had  lately  arrived  from  Britain.  Our  company  consisted  of  Capt. 
Turner,  Mr.  Jaffrey,  Mr.  Whipple,  Capt.  Ilickey,  and  Mr.  Stavers,  besides  Griffin  and 
Davis.  About  10  received  a  note  from  Mr.  Soward  to  baptize  his  child.  At  11  I 
complied  with  his  request,  after  which  I  supped  and  lodged  at  Mr.  Whipple's.  Mr. 
J.  Sheaf  gave  me  six  lbs.  of  coffee. 

16lh.  This,  being  Sunday  mornipg,  after  having  an  early  breakfast  with  Mr.  Sta- 
vers, returned  on  board.  The  wind  soon  began  to  breeze  E.  and  by  S.,  and  the  tide 
favouring  we  beat  out  to  sea,  and  had  a  most  pleasant  passage  into  Winter  Harbour, 
where  we  came  to  anchor  about  half  past  five  in  the  afternoon.  Wc  landed  the  two 
Mardens  at  this  place,  but  the  wind  blowing  hard  almost  from  the  S.  E.  our  Captain 
concluded  it  not  prudent  to  proceed.  In  the  night  showers  of  rain.  Another  sloop, 
belonging  to  Broad  Bay,  anchored  near  us  in  this  harbour. 

nth.  Wind  about  east,  thick  weather,  attended  with  rain  and  fog.  Went  on  shore 
on  Wood  Island.  This  island  is  surrounded  with  a  sharp,  rocky  shore  ;  the  skirts  of 
it  abound  with  gooseberry  bushes  ;  the  situation  of  the  inland  parts  very  low,  and  the 
soil  exceeding  rich  ;  vegetables  grow  here  to  an  uncommon  size  ;  on  the  north-west  end 
we  observed  the  appearance  of  a  deep  bog.  Having  dined  on  board  we  concluded,  in 
the  afternoon,  to  visit  father  Hussey,  a  Quaker,  who  had  lived  upon  a  large  farm 
to  the  south  of  this  harbour  above  forty  years.  I  was  pleased  with  the  conversation 
of  his  brother,  who  happened  to  be  present  on  a  visit  from  Berwick,  but  I  quickly 
discovered  the  owner  of  the  house  to  be  an  obstinate,  self-conceited,  censorious  bigot. 
We  entered  deeply  into  publick  measures,  and,  though  the  Quakers  loudly  condemned 
the  proceedings  of  the  American  opposition,  yet,  I  strongly  suspect,  they  are  no 
hearty  friends  to  the  British  Constitution.  They  arc  unwilling  to  risk  anything  in 
the  reformation  or  subversion  of  any  government,  yet,  I  fancy,  a  republican  form  must 
be  most  agreeable  to  their  inclinations.  The  whole  family  appeared  very  contracted 
and  inhospitable,  not  asking  either  of  us  to  eat  or  drink,  though  they  prepared  an 
afternoon  repast,  and  it  was  vrith  difficulty  we  obtained  a  drink  of  water.  Showery  in 
the  night,  with  some  lightning. 

18//».  Wind  still  continues  east,  with  a  prodigious  thick  fog.  After  breakfast  went 
on  shore,  first  to  one  Capt.  Hill's,  where  we  met  with  very  indifferent  treatment.  Wc 
then  crossed  over  a  narrow  channel,  and  visited  one  Fletcher.  The  old  woman  and 
her  two  daughters  were  the  most  hard-favoured  and  disa.'rceablc  of  the  sex  I  ever  bo- 
held  ;  the  whole  family  were  extremely  rough  and  hoggish  in  their  manners.  The 
old  man  raved  against  Capt.  Callahan,  and  threatened  him  with  hanging;.  He  had  a 
daughter  deaf  and  dumb,  and  a  son  blind.  Wc  tarried  in  this  inhospitable  dwelling. 
The  weather  continuing  the  same  we  went  on  board  without  any  prospect  of  sailing. 
In  the  evening  lightning  and  rain. 

VJth.  This  day  wet  and  foggy.  In  the  morning,  after  breakfast,  went  on  shore 
and  visited  an  islaTid  to  the  N.  W.,  exceeding  rough  and  uneven,  .\hout  eleven  vis- 
ited the  old  Quaker,  who  treated  us  in  a  very  hoggish  manner,  never  asking  us  to  sit 


364 


A  r  r  E  N  D I X , 


do^v^l,  and  ho  took  four  shillings  lawful  for  one  dozen  of  cucumbers.  In  the  afternoon 
the  fog  began  to  disperse,  and  about  sunset  the  weather  was  perfectly  calm  and  serene. 
Aiifjinl  2O//1.  This  morning  awoke  about  2  o'clock  and  finding  a  steady  gale  of 
S.  W.  wind  and  a  clear  sky  alarmed  the  Captain,  and  in  less  than  an  hour  after  we 
got  under  sail.  Before  sunrise  passed  Cape  Elizabeth.  At  9  or  10  entered  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebeck. 

Mr.  T.  Percy  came  on  board  and  informed  us  that  he  and  his  brother  were  obliged 
to  take  the  oath  from  the  complaint  of  Sam.  McCobb.  About  12  we  came  to  anchor 
in  Fiddler's  reach.  "Went  on  shore  with  Dr.  Mayer  at  Capt.  Drummond's.  Found 
him  a  violent  son  of  liberty  and  a  friend  to  the  French  alliance.  He  however  treated 
us  with  complaisance  and  invited  us  to  tarry  to  dinner;  after  which  we  visited  Mr. 
McFaddan  and  Mr.  Treble.  Towards  evening  returned  and  drank  tea  with  Mrs. 
Drummond.  Capt.  Drummond  having  furnished  us  with  a  barge,  we  went  about  sun- 
set in  pursuit  of  the  sloop  and  overtook  her  in  the  gut,  where  we  found  Carleton  ar- 
rived from  Boston.  He  left  that  port  the  evening  before  and  brought  intelligence  that 
the  French  fleet  had  not  yet  returned.  Ts'ight  coming  on  and  the  wind  breezing,  ray 
"Woolwich  friends  advised  mc  to  go  home  with  them.  In  consequence  of  this  invita- 
tion I  visited  Mr.  David  Gilmore  and  tarried  with  him  till  the  next  morning.  It  gave 
mc  great  satisfaction  to  find  my  friends  in  so  good  spirits  here,  notwithstanding  the 
gloomy  aspect  of  publick  affairs.  I  cannot  forbear  reflecting  upon  the  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances of  our  rulers  at  this  season,  and  I  imagine  they  are  highly  deceived. 
They  are  certainly  ignorant  of  the  prevailing  sentiment  and  discontent  among  the 
people.  They,  in  the  beginning  of  this  revolt,  flattered  the  lower  classes  of  mankind 
and  addressed  them  with  misrepresentations  and  lies,  till  they  iT-spired  them  with  en- 
thusiastic madness,  and  directed  them,  in  the  frenzy  of  their  zeal,  to  bully,  insult, 
mob  and  plunder  men  of  the  highest  worth,  integrity  and  consequence,  those 
very  persons  whom  they  had  hitherto  approached  with  reverence  and  listened  to  with 
attention,  wliose  advice  and  authority  they  had  always  regarded  as  sacred  ;  everything 
was  carried  by  noise,  persecution,  and  violence,  until  the  spirit  of  persecution  began 
to  subside  among  the  common  people  and  moderation  to  take  its  place.  Those  men 
who  had  advanced  themselves  into  the  highest  stations  of  government  during  these 
commotions,  took  it  for  granted  that  they  were  firmly  fixed  in  the  affections  of  the 
rabble,  and  that  they  had  nothing  to  fear  except  a  few  Tories,  which  it  was  their  prin- 

•  cipal  concern  to  suppress.  For  this  purpose  they  enacted  the  most  cruel  and  unrea- 
sonable laws,  putting  it  in  the  power  of  every  ill-natured  and  malicious  man  to  ruin 
his  neighbour.  These  institutions  are  so  severe  that  men  arc  afraid  openly  to  com- 
plain, yet  in  secret  they  cannot  forbear  expressing  the  highest  discontent  and  cha- 
grin, and  nothing  is  heard  in  private  corners  except  murmurs  and  complaints,  and 
the  number  of  those  who  delight  in  persecution  is  very  inconsiderable ;  this  sentiment 
is  almost  wholly  confined  to  those  who  can  gratify  their  revenge  by  the  persecution  of 
a  Tory  neighbour,  while  the  remainder  bitterly  execrate  the  authors  and  instruments 
of  the  action.  Now  all  the  uneasiness  and  clamor  which  prevail  abroad  are  closely 
concealed  from  the  legislative  body  which  sets  at  Boston  amid  the  bustle  of  warlike 
preparations  and  the  hurry  of  business.    For  who  would  venture  to  disclose  any  un- 

•welcome  truth  when  he  is  liable  to  be  punished  for  sedition,  to  be  regarded  as  an  ene- 
my to  his  country,  and  perhaps  to  be  wholly  deprived  of  his  freedom.  Every  one  who 
ai>proaches  the  supreme  authority  by  way  of  petition  for  mercy,  or  request  for  favour, 
makes  it  his  principal  study  to  flatter  and  please.  He  will  not,  in  such  circumstances, 
excite  any  disagreeable  sensations  by  the  mention  of  unwelcome  truths,  but  labour  all 
in  his  power  to  preserve  the  utmost  good  humor,  and  carefully  suppress  every  sugges- 
tion that  may  tend  to  censure  or  reprehend  the  government  to  which  he  applies. 

21»/.     This  morning  rose  early  and  visited  Mr.  William  Gilmore.     After  breakfast 
baptized,  before  a  large  number  of  people,  a  child  for  Capt.  Fullcrton ;  then  calling 


APPENDIX.  365 

upon  Capt.  Smith  wc  went  on  board  and  took  our  things  in  order  to  proceed  home- 
ward, but  the  wind  quickl}' began  to  breeze  from  the  north,  attended  with  frequent 
thunder  squalls.  "When  we  arrived,  after  much  fatigue,  at  the  Chops  of  Merry-meeting 
Bay,  we  found  Mr.  Hatch  and  Jackson  on  board  a  vessel  bound  to  Nantucket.  This 
incident  prevented  our  proceeding  any  farther,  and  obliged  us  to  go  on  shore,  where 
we  continued  above  four  hours,  but  perceiving  a  formidable  thunder  shower  arising 
we  determined  to  visit  Capt.  llobbs'.  "Wc  had  very  civil  entertainment  at  his  house, 
and  about  dark  embarked  and  continued  our  voyage  a  mile  beyond  the  Chops,  when  a 
violent  .squall  burst  upon  us  from  the  north,  attended  with  uncommon  darkness  and 
cold.  It  was  with  extreme  difficulty  we  were  able  to  reach  the  shore,  upon  which  the 
wavE^s  dashed  with  increasing  and  resistless  fury.  I  was  constrained  to  continue  above 
an  hour  holding  the  painter,  while  Dr.  Mayer  ran  to  solicit  assistance.  At  length, 
after  rambling  through  the  bushes,  and  over  burnt  logs  and  rocky  ledges,  he  appeared 
with  Mr.  John  Trot.(  ?  )  "We  perceived  ourselves  to  be  but  a  few  rods  from  his  house, 
and  having  hauled  our  boat  into  a  core,  with  watching  the  greater  part  of  the  night 
we  prevented  her  dashing  in  pieces. 

Tld.  After  breakfast,  the  wind  still  blowing  from  the  north-west,  we  embarked,  and 
about  two  arrived  at  Pownalborougb ,  where  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  finding  my  family 
in  good  health,  though  they  had  greatly  suffered  in  my  absence  from  want  of  provis- 
ions. I  was  astonished  to  perceive  the  severity  of  the  drought  in  this  part  of  the 
country.  Almost  everything  was  consumed,  and  a  terrible  fire  raging  near  the  East- 
ern River,  rendered  the  prospect  still  more  distressing.  I  was  raited  this  afternoon 
by  several  of  ray  friends. 

[Journals  missing  from  August  23d,  1778,  to  January  IGth,  1779,  inclusive.] 

1779. 

January  VJth — Sunday.    At  home.    San's  (?)  preached.    Gushing  forbids  him. 

28<A.    Set  off  on  a  journey.    Arrived  at  "Whitchcasset. 

29<A.     Arrived  at  Mr.  Rhode's,  in  Bristol. 

ZQth.    A  snow  storm.    At  Mr.  Palmer's.     Lodged  at  Capt.  Tinal's. 

2>\st.    At  night  at  Mr.  Palmer's. 

February  \sl.     At  Capt.  Yinal's,  Crcmor's,  Chapman's,  and  (Rev.  Dr.)  Shefford's. 

3rf.     Baptized  Eunice  "\'inal.     Returned  to  Palmer's. 

^Ih.     Dined  at  Noble's  and  lodged  at  J.  Sevey's. 

5lh.    Breakfasted  at  Mr.  "Wood's.     Get  home  at  sunset. 

&th.     Baptized  John  Carlow. 

lilh — Sunday.     Baptized  Anna  Costelo.     Mr.  Gardiner  here. 

21s/ — Sunday.     Mr.  Gardiner  and  11  persons. 

March  \st.    At  home.    N.  Palmer  reads  his  confession. 

2d.    At  home.     John  (McNamarra)  returns  from  Broad  Bay. 

6//».    At  Mr.  Pochard's.     His  father  ill. 

Ith.     At  Mr.  Pochard's.     The  old  man  dies. 

B/A.     Mr.  Pochard  buried. 

WUi.    Mr.  Lawrence's  child  buried. 

\iih.    At  Mr.  Lawrence's.    Baptized  Amos  and  Betsy  Hitchins. 

Vdlh.    Rode  to  Mr.  R.  Turner's.     Tarried  all  night. 

20<A.     Rode  home. 

April  ith — Sunday.     Company. 

5ih.    Chose  the  same  church  officers. 


ERRATA. 

Page  240,  7f ote ;  for  L'Esarbot,  read  L'Escarbot. 

Page  2-51,  Note  ;  for  Christ's  Church,  read  Christ  Church. 


> 


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